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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အညွှန်း </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာသို့ သွားရန် [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လက်ရှိ အဖြစ်အပျက်များမှ နောက်ခံ အချက်အလက်များကို ရှာရန်"><span>လက်ရှိဖြစ်ရပ်များ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ စာရင်း [r]" accesskey="r"><span>လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ ပြရန် [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8"><span>ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား အကြောင်း</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>ဆက်သွယ်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပါဝင်ပံ့ပိုးရန် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="ရှာဖွေဖော်ထုတ်ရန်နေရာ"><span>အကူအညီ</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA"><span>တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်း လေ့လာရန်</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ပရောဂျက်အကြောင်း၊ သင်ဘာလုပ်ပေးနိုင်သည် နှင့် ဘယ်နေရာတွင် ရှာဖွေရန်များ"><span>ပေါင်းကူးနေရာ</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC"><span>ဖိုင်တင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="အထူး:ရှာဖွေရန်"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ရှာဖွေရန်</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=my.wikipedia.org&uselang=my" class=""><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။" class=""><span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="အသုံးပြုသူ မီနူး" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=my.wikipedia.org&uselang=my"><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထွက်ပြီးသား တည်းဖြတ်သူများအတွက် စာမျက်နှာများ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" aria-label="တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်းအကြောင်း ပိုမိုလေ့လာရန်"><span>ပိုမို လေ့လာရန်</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ ပြုလုပ်ထားသော တည်းဖြတ်မှုများ၏ စာရင်း [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ တည်းဖြတ်မှုများအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးချက် [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ဆွေးနွေးရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ဓလေ့ထုံးစံ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ၉၄ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">၉၄ ဘာသာစကားများ ၉၄ ခု</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisie" title="Tradisie – အာဖရိကန်" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tradisie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="အာဖရိကန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="تقاليد – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقاليد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="পৰম্পৰা – အာသံ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰম্পৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="အာသံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradici%C3%B3n" title="Tradición – အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tradición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C9%99t-%C9%99n%C9%99n%C9%99" title="Adət-ənənə – အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adət-ənənə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Традиция – ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Традиция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisyon" title="Tradisyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tradisyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Традыцыя – ဘီလာရုစ်" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Традыцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ဘီလာရုစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Традыцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Традыцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Традиция – ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Традиция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রথা – ဘင်္ဂါလီ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ဘင်္ဂါလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hengoun" title="Hengoun – ဘရီတွန်" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hengoun" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ဘရီတွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicija" title="Tradicija – ဘော့စ်နီးယား" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tradicija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ဘော့စ်နီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradici%C3%B3" title="Tradició – ကတ်တလန်" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tradició" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ကတ်တလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ламаст – ချက်ချန်း" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ламаст" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ချက်ချန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradice" title="Tradice – ချက်" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tradice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ချက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition – ဒိန်းမတ်" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tradition" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ဒိန်းမတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tradition" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Παράδοση – ဂရိ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παράδοση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ဂရိ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tradition" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicio" title="Tradicio – အက်စ်ပရန်တို" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tradicio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်ပရန်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradici%C3%B3n" title="Tradición – စပိန်" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tradición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="စပိန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditsioon" title="Traditsioon – အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Traditsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usadio" title="Usadio – ဘာစ်ခ်" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Usadio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ဘာစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA" title="سنت – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perinne" title="Perinne – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perinne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition – ပြင်သစ်" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tradition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ပြင်သစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicion" title="Tradicion – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tradicion" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradysje" title="Tradysje – အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tradysje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traidisi%C3%BAn_(socha%C3%AD)" title="Traidisiún (sochaí) – အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Traidisiún (sochaí)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualchas" title="Dualchas – စကော့တစ်ရှ် ဂေးလစ်ခ်" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dualchas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="စကော့တစ်ရှ် ဂေးလစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradici%C3%B3n" title="Tradición – ဂါလီစီယာ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tradición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ဂါလီစီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B2n-th%C3%BAng" title="Chhòn-thúng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhòn-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="מסורת – ဟီဘရူး" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסורת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ဟီဘရူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="परम्परा – ဟိန်ဒူ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परम्परा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ဟိန်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicija" title="Tradicija – ခရိုအေးရှား" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tradicija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ခရိုအေးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisyon" title="Tradisyon – ဟေတီ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tradisyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ဟေတီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagyom%C3%A1ny" title="Hagyomány – ဟန်ဂေရီ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hagyomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ဟန်ဂေရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Ավանդույթ – အာမေးနီးယား" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավանդույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="အာမေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition – အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tradition" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisi" title="Tradisi – အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tradisi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hef%C3%B0" title="Hefð – အိုက်စ်လန်" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hefð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="အိုက်စ်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradizione" title="Tradizione – အီတလီ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tradizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="အီတလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9D%E7%B5%B1" title="伝統 – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="伝統" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradhisi" title="Tradhisi – ဂျာဗား" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tradhisi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ဂျာဗား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტრადიცია – ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრადიცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82-%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%81%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Салт-дәстүр – ကာဇာချ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Салт-дәстүр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ကာဇာချ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%86%B5" title="전통 – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전통" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevne%C5%9Fop%C3%AE" title="Kevneşopî – ကဒ်" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kevneşopî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ကဒ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Каада-салт – ကာဂျစ်" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каада-салт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ကာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditio" title="Traditio – လက်တင်" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Traditio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="လက်တင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditie" title="Traditie – လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Traditie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicija" title="Tradicija – လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tradicija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trad%C4%ABcija" title="Tradīcija – လတ်ဗီးယား" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tradīcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="လတ်ဗီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovantsofina" title="Lovantsofina – မာလဂက်စီ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lovantsofina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="မာလဂက်စီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Йӱла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Традиција – မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Традиција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adat_resam" title="Adat resam – မလေး" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Adat resam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="မလေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="चलन – နီပေါ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चलन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="နီပေါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditie" title="Traditie – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Traditie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisjon" title="Tradisjon – နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tradisjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisjon" title="Tradisjon – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tradisjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicion" title="Tradicion – အိုစီတန်" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tradicion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="အိုစီတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਰੰਪਰਾ – ပန်ချာပီ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰੰਪਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ပန်ချာပီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradycja" title="Tradycja – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tradycja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Tradição – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tradição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradi%C8%9Bie" title="Tradiție – ရိုမေနီယား" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tradiție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ရိုမေနီယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Традиция – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Традиция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Традіції – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Традіції" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Үгэс – ဆခါ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үгэс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ဆခါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usanza" title="Usanza – စစ္စလီ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Usanza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="စစ္စလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="روايت – စင်ဒီ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روايت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="စင်ဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicija" title="Tradicija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tradicija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trad%C3%ADcia_(zvyky)" title="Tradícia (zvyky) – ဆလိုဗက်" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tradícia (zvyky)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicija" title="Tradicija – ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tradicija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradita" title="Tradita – အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tradita" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Традиција – ဆားဘီးယား" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Традиција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ဆားဘီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisi" title="Tradisi – ဆူဒန်" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tradisi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ဆူဒန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition – ဆွီဒင်" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tradition" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ဆွီဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapokeo" title="Mapokeo – ဆွာဟီလီ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mapokeo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ဆွာဟီလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Анъана – တာဂျစ်" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Анъана" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="တာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเพณี – ထိုင်း" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเพณี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ထိုင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaugalian" title="Kaugalian – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaugalian" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelenek" title="Gelenek – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gelenek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Традиція – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Традиція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%CA%BCana" title="Anʼana – ဥဇဘတ်" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Anʼana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ဥဇဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_t%E1%BB%A5c" title="Phong tục – ဗီယက်နမ်" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phong tục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ဗီယက်နမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujhance_soci%C3%A5le" title="Dujhance sociåle – ဝါလူးန်" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Dujhance sociåle" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ဝါလူးန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisyon" title="Tradisyon – ဝါရေး" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tradisyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ဝါရေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosaan" title="Cosaan – ဝူလိုဖ်" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Cosaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ဝူလိုဖ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1" title="傳統 – ဝူ တရုတ်" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="傳統" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ဝူ တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F" title="传统 – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="传统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho%C3%A2n-th%C3%B3ng" title="Thoân-thóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thoân-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1" title="傳統 – ကွမ်းတုံ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="傳統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ကွမ်းတုံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82821#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ဘာသာစကားလင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်" class="wbc-editpage">လင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="အမည်ညွှန်းများ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6" title="မာတိကာ ကြည့်ရန် [c]" accesskey="c"><span>စာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="မာတိကာ စာမျက်နှာအတွက် ဆွေးနွေးချက်များ (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ဆွေးနွေးချက်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ဘာသာစကား မူကွဲကို ပြောင်းရန်" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="အမြင်ပုံစံများ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6"><span>ဖတ်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&action=edit" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ရင်းမြစ်ကုဒ်ကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် [e]" 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6"><span>ဖတ်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&action=edit" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ရင်းမြစ်ကုဒ်ကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&action=history"><span>ရာဇဝင်ကြည့်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ယေဘုယျ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2/%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6" title="ဤနေရာသို့ လမ်းညွှန် လင့်ထားသည့် ဝီကီစာမျက်နှာများ၏ စာရင်း [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ဘယ်ကလင့်ခ်ထားလဲ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6" rel="nofollow" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာမှ ညွှန်းထားသည့် စာမျက်နှာများမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ဆက်စပ်သော အပြောင်းအလဲများ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အထူး စာမျက်နှာများအားလုံး စာရင်း [q]" accesskey="q"><span>အထူး စာမျက်နှာများ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&oldid=701422" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခုတည်းဖြတ်မူအတွက် ပုံသေလိပ်စာ"><span>ပုံသေလိပ်စာ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&action=info" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအကြောင်း အချက်အလက်ပို၍"><span>စာမျက်နှာ အချက်အလက်များ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&id=701422&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအား အကိုးအကားပြုပုံ အချက်အလက်များ"><span>ဤစာမျက်နှာကို ကိုးကားပြုရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%2593%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B7%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%25B6%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25B6"><span>အတိုကောက် URL ရယူရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%2593%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B7%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%25B6%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25B6"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပရင့်/ပို့လွှတ် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6"><span>စာအုပ်တစ်အုပ် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF အနေဖြင့် ရယူရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%93%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6&printable=yes" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သောမူ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သော ဗားရှင်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အခြား ပရောဂျက်များတွင် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Traditions" hreflang="en"><span>ဝီကီမီဒီယာ ကွန်မွန်းစ်</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82821" title="ဒေတာအချက်အလက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ရန်လင့်ခ် [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ဝီကီဒေတာ item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="စာမျက်နှာကိရိယာများ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား မှ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="my" dir="ltr"><p>ဥပဒေ၏ ရှေးဦးအကျဆုံးသော အရင်းအမြစ်သည် ဥပဒေပြုခြင်းနှင့်ဖြတ်ထုံးများ မဟုတ်ပဲ၊ ဓလေ့ထုံးစံများသာ ဖြစ်ခဲ့သည်။ ဓလေ့ထုံးစံသည်လူ့ဘောင်အဖွဲ့အစည်းတိုင်းက မှန်ကန်မူ၊ တရားမျှတမူနှင့် အသုံးြုပမူဆိုင်ရာ သဘောတရားများအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုထားသော လူ့အပြုအမူဆိုင်ရာသဘောတရား Rule of conduct များကို စုပေါင်းထားခြင်းပင်ဖြစ်သည်။ </p><p>ဓလေ့ထုံးစံသည်ဥပဒေကဲ့သို့ စွမ်းအင်အာဏာရှိရခြင်းမှာ- ဓလေ့ထုံးစံတရပ်တွင် တရားမျှတမူသဘော တရားများနှင့် အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ သဘောတရားများပါရှိခြင်းဖြစ်ပြီး၊ တရားရုံး များက တရားစီရင်ရာတွင် အခွင့်အရေးဆိုင်ရာ စည်းကမ်းများကို ရှာဖွေဖော်ထုတ်ရန်ကြိုးစားရာ၌ စည်းကမ်းသစ်များကိုချမှတ်ခြင်းထက်၊ အချိန်ကြာမြင့်စွာက လက်ခံကျင့်သုံးလာခဲ့သော စည်းကမ်းများဖြင့်ပင်ဆုံးဖြတ်သင့်ကြသည်ဟု ဆယ်လ်မွန် ကရေးသားခဲ့သည်။ </p><p>ဓလေ့ထုံးစံတွင် နိုင်ငံတော်၏အခွင့်အာဏာအရမဟုတ်ပဲ၊ လူ့ဘောင်အဖွဲ့အစည်း၏အများ ပြည်သူ ထင်မြင်ချက် Public opinion ဖြင့် လက်ခံအသိအမှတ်ပြုထားသော သဘောတရားများပါဝင်ပေသည်။ သို့ရာ တွင် အကယ်၍ ပြဋ္ဌာန်းဥပဒေနှင့် ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းဥပဒေပါ ပြဋ္ဌာန်းချက်များကွဲလွဲ၍ အငြင်းပွား ကြသည့်အခါ ပြဋ္ဌာန်းဥပဒေ Statute Law ၏ ပြဋ္ဌာန်းချက်ကိုသာ လိုက်နာရမည်ဖြစ်ပေသည်။ </p><p>ဥပဒေကဲ့သို့လေးစားလိုက်နာကြရသည့် ဓလေ့ထုံးစံသည် နှစ်မျိုးနှစ်စားရှိသည်။ ပထမ တမျိုးမှာ သဘောတူညီချက်မပါရှိဘဲ၊ သက်ဆိုင်သူများကလိုက်နာရမည့် သဘောတူညီချက်ဖြစ်ပြီး၊ ဒုတိယတမျိုးမှာ သဘောတူညီချက်များမှတဆင့် သက်ဆိုင်ရာအမှုများတွင်သာ လိုက်နာရမည့် ဓလေ့ထုံးစံဖြစ်သည်။ ဆယ်လ်မွန်ကမူ ယင်းဓလေ့ထုံးစံနှစ်မျိုးကို ဥပဒေရေးရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံ Legal custom နှင့် သဘောတူညီမှု ဆိုင်ရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံ Conventional custom - ဟုခွဲခြားသတ်မှတ်ခဲ့သည်။ ဥပဒေရေးရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံသည် ဥပဒေအာနိသင်ရှိ၍ လူအများက ဥပဒေကဲ့သို့ လေးစားလိုက်နာကြရသည်။ သဘောတူညီမှုဆိုင်ရာ ဓလေ့ ထုံးစံမှာမူ သဘောတူညီချက်ရထားသည့် သက်ဆိုင်သူများကသာလိုက်နာရပေသည်။ ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းဆိုင်ရာ အရင်းအမြစ်မှရသော သဘောတူညီချက်ကို သဘောတူညီမှုဆိုင်ရာ ဓလေ့ထုံးစံဟု ခေါ်ဆိုပေသည်။ ဥပမာအားဖြင့် လူနှစ်ယောက်သည် ပဋိညာဉ်စာချုပ်တခုကို ချုပ်ဆိုရာတွင် ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်း ဥပဒေတခုခုအပေါ်တွင် အခြေခံထားခြင်းဖြစ်ပါက စာချုပ်ချုပ်ဆိုသောကိစ္စရပ်အတွက် အသိအမှတ်ပြုပြီးသည့် အသုံးအနှုန်းတည်ရှိနေလျှင် သက်ဆိုင်သူများသည် အဆိုပါ (ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းအရတည်ရှိနေသည့်) အသုံးအနှုန်း ကို ရည်ရွယ်၍ စာချုပ်ချုပ်ဆိုကြခြင်းဖြစ်ကြောင်း မှတ်ယူရမည်ဖြစ်ပေသည်။ ဥပဒေရေးရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံတွင် ဒေသဆိုင်ရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံ Local custom နှင့် အရပ်ရပ်ဓလေ့ထုံးစံ General custom ဟူ၍ နှစ်မျိုးနှစ်စားရှိသည်။ ဒေသဆိုင်ရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံတခုကို တရားရုံးများကဥပဒေအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ် ပြုရန်အတွက် ယင်းဓလေ့ထုံးစံသည် ဥပဒေကချမှတ်ထားသောလိုအပ်ချက်များနှင့်ပြည့်စုံရန်လိုပေသည်။ အဓိကလိုအပ်ချက်များမှာ- (၁) လျှော်ကန်သင့်မြတ်ခြင်း reasonableness၊ (၂) ပြဋ္ဌာန်းဥပဒေနှင့်ကိုက်ညီခြင်း conformity with statute law (၃) အခွင့်အရေးအဖြစ်သိမှတ်လိုက်နာခြင်း observance as of right နှင့် (၄) မမှတ်မိနိုင်လောက်အောင် ရှေးကျခြင်း immemorial antiquity တို့ဖြစ်သည်။ အရပ်ရပ်ဓလေ့ထုံးစံကို တနိုင်ငံ လုံးက ဥပဒေကဲ့သို့လိုက်နာကြရသည်။ နိုင်ငံ၏ အရပ်ရပ်ဓလေ့ထုံးစံသည် ဒေသဆိုင်ရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံကဲ့သို့ပင် မမှတ်မိနိုင်လောက်အောင် ရှေးကျမှသာ ဥပဒေရေးရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံဖြစ်၍ ဥပဒေကဲ့သို့စွမ်းအင်အာဏာရှိပေသည်။ </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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