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Hudson</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sarah Hudson"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sarah Hudson"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sarah Hudson"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 273</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sarah Hudson</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> “It Just Feels Risky”: Intuition vs Evidence in Child Sexual Abuse Cases. Proposing an Empirically Derived Risk and Protection Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Perrin">Christian Perrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Blagden"> Nicholas Blagden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louise%20Allen"> Louise Allen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Impey"> Sarah Impey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social workers in the UK and professionals globally are faced with a particular challenge when dealing with allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) in the community. In the absence of a conviction or incontestable evidence, staff can often find themselves unable to take decisive action to remove a child from harm, even though there may be a credible threat to their welfare. Conversely, practitioners may over-calculate risk through fear of being accountable for harm. This is, in part, due to the absence of a structured and evidence-based risk assessment tool which can predict the likelihood of a person committing child sexual abuse. Such assessments are often conducted by forensic professionals who utilise offence-specific data and personal history information to calculate risk. In situations where only allegations underpin a case, this mode of assessment is not viable. There are further ethical issues surrounding the assessment of risk in this area which require expert consideration and sensitive planning. This paper explores this entangled problem extant in the wider call to prevent sexual and child sexual abuse in the community. To this end, 32 qualitative interviews were undertaken with social workers dealing with CSA cases. Results were analysed using thematic analysis and operationalised to formulate a risk and protection protocol for use in case management. This paper reports on the early findings associated with the initial indications of protocol reliability. Implications for further research and practice are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20offending" title="sexual offending">sexual offending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20sexual%20offence" title=" child sexual offence"> child sexual offence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offender%20rehabilitation" title=" offender rehabilitation"> offender rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offence%20prevention" title=" offence prevention"> offence prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153145/it-just-feels-risky-intuition-vs-evidence-in-child-sexual-abuse-cases-proposing-an-empirically-derived-risk-and-protection-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Preventing the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunzi%20Chen">Yunzi Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Laybourne"> James Laybourne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Steven"> Sarah Steven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Carey"> Peter Carey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Steel"> David Steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Sandinha"> Maria Sandinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Bariatric surgery is popular with the rising incidence of obesity. Its well-known benefits include significant and rapid glycaemic control. However, cases of paradoxical worsening in diabetic retinopathy (DR) despite improved glycaemic control have been reported. Purpose: clarification on the evolution of diabetic retinopathy after bariatric surgery. Method: retrospective study of 40 patients with Type 2 diabetes who underwent bariatric surgery in a UK specialist bariatric unit between 2009 and 2011. Pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity (VA), weight, HbA1c and annual DRSS screening results were analysed. Median follow up was 50 months. Results: No significant change in VA was found during the post-operative period. 85% of patients improved HbA1c post-operatively of which 53% achieved non-diabetic HbA1c of <6.1% - despite this, 2 patients developed new DR. First post-operative screening showed 80% of patients experienced no change, 8% improved but 13% of patients developed new DR (1 case with sight-threatening maculopathy). 80% of these cases persisted up to 24 months. The proportion of patients developing new or worse DR fluctuated over time, peaking at the 3rd annual screening with 26% (15% regressed, 56% stable). The probability of developing new or worse DR postoperatively was significantly associated with a high pre-operative HbA1c (>8%) and male gender. Conclusions: bariatric surgery does not guarantee long-term improvement or prevention of DR. Asymptomatic changes in DR occurred up to 5 years postoperatively. We therefore consider it prudent to continue screening in this cohort of patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bariatric%20surgery" title="bariatric surgery">bariatric surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20retinopathy" title=" diabetic retinopathy"> diabetic retinopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 diabetes mellitus"> type 2 diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42301/effects-of-bariatric-surgery-on-preventing-the-progression-of-diabetic-retinopathy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Improving Sample Analysis and Interpretation Using QIAGENs Latest Investigator STR Multiplex PCR Assays with a Novel Quality Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Mueller">Daniel Mueller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Breitbach"> Melanie Breitbach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Cornelius"> Stefan Cornelius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Pakulla-Dickel"> Sarah Pakulla-Dickel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margaretha%20Koenig"> Margaretha Koenig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anke%20Prochnow"> Anke Prochnow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Scherer"> Mario Scherer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The European STR standard set (ESS) of loci as well as the new expanded CODIS core loci set as recommended by the CODIS Core Loci Working Group, has led to a higher standardization and harmonization in STR analysis across borders. Various multiplex PCRs assays have since been developed for the analysis of these 17 ESS or 23 CODIS expansion STR markers that all meet high technical demands. However, forensic analysts are often faced with difficult STR results and the questions thereupon. What is the reason that no peaks are visible in the electropherogram? Did the PCR fail? Was the DNA concentration too low? QIAGEN’s newest Investigator STR kits contain a novel Quality Sensor (QS) that acts as internal performance control and gives useful information for evaluating the amplification efficiency of the PCR. QS indicates if the reaction has worked in general and furthermore allows discriminating between the presence of inhibitors or DNA degradation as a cause for the typical ski slope effect observed in STR profiles of such challenging samples. This information can be used to choose the most appropriate rework strategy.Based on the latest PCR chemistry called FRM 2.0, QIAGEN now provides the next technological generation for STR analysis, the Investigator ESSplex SE QS and Investigator 24plex QS Kits. The new PCR chemistry ensures robust and fast PCR amplification with improved inhibitor resistance and easy handling for a manual or automated setup. The short cycling time of 60 min reduces the duration of the total PCR analysis to make a whole workflow analysis in one day more likely. To facilitate the interpretation of STR results a smart primer design was applied for best possible marker distribution, highest concordance rates and a robust gender typing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title="PCR">PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QIAGEN" title=" QIAGEN"> QIAGEN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20sensor" title=" quality sensor"> quality sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STR" title=" STR"> STR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23012/improving-sample-analysis-and-interpretation-using-qiagens-latest-investigator-str-multiplex-pcr-assays-with-a-novel-quality-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Women Academics' Insecure Identity at Work: A Millennials Phenomenon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanouil%20Papavasileiou">Emmanouil Papavasileiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikos%20Bozionelos"> Nikos Bozionelos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liza%20Howe-Walsh"> Liza Howe-Walsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Turnbull"> Sarah Turnbull</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The research focuses on women academics’ insecure identity at work and examines its link with generational identity. The aim is to enrich understanding of identities at work as a crucial attribute of managing academics in the context of the proliferation of managerialist controls of audit, accountability, monitoring, and performativity. Methodology: Positivist quantitative methodology was utilized. Data were collected from the Scientific Women's Academic Network (SWAN) Charter. Responses from 155 women academics based in the British Higher Education system were analysed. Findings: Analysis showed high prevalence of strong imposter feelings among participants, suggesting high insecurity at work among women academics in the United Kingdom. Generational identity was related to imposter feelings. In particular, Millennials scored significantly higher than the other generational groups. Research implications: The study shows that imposter feelings are variously manifested among the prevalent generations of women academics, while generational identity is a significant antecedent of such feelings. Research limitations: Caution should be exercised in generalizing the findings to national cultural contexts beyond the United Kingdom. Practical and social implications: Contrary to popular depictions of Millennials as self-centered, narcissistic, materialistic and demanding, women academics who are members of this generational group appear significantly more insecure than the preceding generations. Value: The study provides insightful understandings into women academics’ identity at work as a function of generational identity, and provides a fruitful avenue for further research within and beyond this gender group and profession. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academics" title="academics">academics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generational%20diversity" title=" generational diversity"> generational diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imposter%20feelings" title=" imposter feelings"> imposter feelings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Kingdom" title=" United Kingdom"> United Kingdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20identity" title=" work identity"> work identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92961/women-academics-insecure-identity-at-work-a-millennials-phenomenon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Kuala Lumpur: A Mixed Method Study on Incidence, Adherence to Protocol, and Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Said%20Nurumal">Mohd Said Nurumal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Sheikh%20Abdul%20Karim"> Sarah Sheikh Abdul Karim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information regarding out of hospital cardiac arrest incidence include outcome in Malaysia is limited and fragmented. This study aims to identify incidence and adherence to protocol of out of hospital cardiac arrest and also to explore the issues faced by the pre-hospital personnel in regards managing cardiac arrest victim in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A mixed method approach combining the qualitative and quantitative study design was used. The 285 pre-hospital care data sheet of out of hospital cardiac arrest during the year of 2011 were examined by using checklists for identify the incidence and adherence to protocol. Nine semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions were performed. For the incidence based on the overall out of hospital cardiac arrest cases that occurred in 2011 (n=285), the survival rates were 16.8%. For adherence to protocol, only 89 (41.8%) of the cases adhered to the given protocol and 124 did not adhere to such protocol. The qualitative information provided insight about the issues related to out of hospital cardiac arrest in every aspect. All the relevant qualitative data were merged into few categories relating issues that could affect the management of out of hospital cardiac arrest performed by pre-hospital care team. One of the essential elements in the out of hospital cardiac arrest handling by pre-hospital care is to ensure increase of survival rates and excellent outcomes by adhering to given protocols based on international standard benchmarks. Measures are needed to strengthen the quick activation of the pre-hospital care service, prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early defibrillation and timely advanced cardiac life support and also to tackle all the issues highlighted in qualitative results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-hospital%20care" title="pre-hospital care">pre-hospital care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out%20of%20hospital%20cardiac%20arrest" title=" out of hospital cardiac arrest"> out of hospital cardiac arrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidence" title=" incidence"> incidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protocol" title=" protocol"> protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20method%20research" title=" mixed method research"> mixed method research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12852/out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest-in-kuala-lumpur-a-mixed-method-study-on-incidence-adherence-to-protocol-and-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Polarisation in Latin America: Examining the Role of Social Media in Ideological Positioning Based on 2018 Census Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Ledoux">Sarah Ledoux</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyses the quantitative effects of political content consumption in social media platforms on self-reported ideological preference across the Latin American region. Initially praising the democratic potential of the internet and its social networking websites, digital politics scholars have transitioned their discourse to warning against the undemocratic side-effects it cultivates, such as hate speech, filter bubbles, and ideological polarisation. Holding technology solely responsible for political trends worldwide is an oversimplification of the factors influencing social change. Nonetheless, widespread use of social media in new democracies raises questions on the reproduction of recent trends that have been observed in the US and Western Europe. Through the analysis of ordered logistic regressions on data from the 2018 AmericasBarometer survey, this study examines the extent to which the relationship between the consumption of political content on social media is related to ideological polarisation in Latin America. The findings indicate that there is a close link between consumption of political information on social media, specifically on Facebook and WhatsApp, and ideological positioning on the extremes of the political left- and right-wings. This relation holds when controlling for individual-level demographic and attitudinal factors, as well as country-level effects. These results demonstrate with empirical evidence that viewing political content on social media has a significant positive effect on the likelihood that citizens position themselves on the extreme ends of the left-right ideological spectrum and implies that political polarisation is a phenomenon that accompanies politically driven social media use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latin%20America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarisation" title=" polarisation"> polarisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20consumption" title=" political consumption"> political consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20ideology" title=" political ideology"> political ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136687/polarisation-in-latin-america-examining-the-role-of-social-media-in-ideological-positioning-based-on-2018-census-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Water-Sensitive Landscaping in Desert-Located Egyptian Cities through Sheer Reductions of Turfgrass and Efficient Water Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20M.%20Asar">Sarah M. Asar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabeel%20M.%20Elhady"> Nabeel M. Elhady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egypt’s current per capita water share indicates that the country suffers and has been suffering from water poverty. The abundant utilization of turfgrass in Egypt’s new urban settlements, the reliance on freshwater for irrigation, and the inadequate plant selection increase the water demand in such settlements. Decreasing the surface area of turfgrass by using alternative landscape features such as mulching, using ornamental low-maintenance plants, increasing pathways, etc., could significantly decrease the water demand of urban landscapes. The use of Ammochloa palaestina, Cenchrus crientalis (Oriental Fountain Grass), and Cistus parviflorus (with water demands of approximately 0.005m³/m²/day) as alternatives for Cynodon dactylon (0.01m³/m²/day), which is the most commonly used grass species in Egypt’s landscape, could decrease an area’s water demand by approximately 40-50%. Moreover, creating hydro-zones of similar water demanding plants would enable irrigation facilitation rather than the commonly used uniformed irrigation. Such a practice could further reduce water consumption by 15-20%. These results are based on a case-study analysis of one of Egypt’s relatively new urban settlements, Al-Rehab. Such results emphasize the importance of utilizing native, drought-tolerant vegetation in the urban landscapes of Egypt to reduce irrigation demands. Furthermore, proper implementation, monitoring, and maintenance of automated irrigation systems could be an important factor in a space’s efficient water use. As most new urban settlements in Egypt adopt sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, the lack of maintenance leads to the manual operation of such systems, and, thereby, excessive irrigation occurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20landscape" title="alternative landscape">alternative landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=native%20plants" title=" native plants"> native plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20irrigation" title=" efficient irrigation"> efficient irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20water%20demand" title=" low water demand"> low water demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173623/water-sensitive-landscaping-in-desert-located-egyptian-cities-through-sheer-reductions-of-turfgrass-and-efficient-water-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Beyond Informality: Relocation from a Traditional Village 'Mit Oqbah' to Masaken El-Barageel and the Role of ‘Urf in Governing Built Environment, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Eldefrawi">Sarah Eldefrawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maike%20Didero"> Maike Didero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Egypt, residents’ urban interventions (colloquially named A’hali’s interventions) are always tackled by government, scholars, and media as an encroachment (taeadiyat), chaotic (a’shwa’i) or informal (gheir mokanan) practices. This paper argues that those interventions cannot be simply described as an encroachment on public space or chaotic behaviour. We claim here that they are relevant to traditional governing methods (‘Urf) that were governing Arab cities for many decades. Through an in-depth field study conducted in a real estate public housing project in the city of Giza called 'Masaken El-Barageel', we traced the urban transformations demonstrated in private and public spaces. To understand those transformations, we used wide-range of qualitative research methods such as semi-guided and informal interviews, observations and mapping of the built environment and the newly added interventions. This study was as well strengthened through the contributions of the author in studying nine sectors emerging by Ahali in six districts in Great Cairo. The results of this study indicate that a culturally and socially sensitive framework has to be related to the individual actions toward the spatial and social structures as well as to culturally transmitted views and meanings connected with 'Urf'. The study could trace three crucial principals in ‘urf that influenced these interventions; the eliminating of harm (Al-Marafiq wa Man’ al-Darar), the appropriation of space (Haqq el-Intefa’) and public interest (maslaha a’ma). Our findings open the discussion for the (il) legitimate of a’hali governing methods in contemporary cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urf" title="Urf">Urf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20governance" title=" urban governance"> urban governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20space" title=" public space"> public space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20housing" title=" public housing"> public housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encroachments" title=" encroachments"> encroachments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic" title=" chaotic"> chaotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20cities" title=" Egyptian cities"> Egyptian cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110350/beyond-informality-relocation-from-a-traditional-village-mit-oqbah-to-masaken-el-barageel-and-the-role-of-urf-in-governing-built-environment-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward the Preventive Aspect of the COVID-19 among University Nursing Students at the University of Sunderland 2021, in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasalanka%20Chamara%20Karunanayaka%20Pathirannehelage">Sasalanka Chamara Karunanayaka Pathirannehelage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Connelly"> Sarah Connelly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward the preventive aspect of COVID-19 are crucial for effective control and prevention of the disease. Sociodemographic factors can associate with KAP. This study aims to investigate KAP towards the preventive aspect of COVID-19 and associate sociodemographic factors among university nursing students at the University of Sunderland, 2021, United Kingdom. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 63 university nursing students between the 1st of July and the 13th of August 2021. A previously used, validated, self-administered questionnaire was applied to assess nursing students' KAP levels. Cross tabulation and chi-square were used to identify the associated sociodemographic factors with KAP. Results: Good knowledge was shown by 98.4% of respondents. 84.1 % of respondents reported positive attitudes, while 90.5% of respondents reported good practices toward the preventive aspect of COVID-19. The knowledge score of the students was significantly associated (p = 0.03) with the ethnicity of the respondents. Students' attitudes were significantly associated (p<0.05) with students' sex, student status (home student, international student), and course type (undergraduate student, postgraduate student). Student's age, student status, and course type were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with practices toward the preventive aspect of COVID-19. Conclusion: The finding of the study suggested that the university nursing student at the University of Sunderland demonstrate good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice level towards the preventive aspect of COVID-19. Associated factors like age, sex, student status, and course type should be considered for effective strategies against COVID-19 as well as for future outbreaks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title="knowledge">knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20students" title=" nursing students"> nursing students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156305/exploring-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-toward-the-preventive-aspect-of-the-covid-19-among-university-nursing-students-at-the-university-of-sunderland-2021-in-the-united-kingdom-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Mobulid Ray Post-Release Mortality to Assess the Feasibility of Live-Release Management Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sila%20K.%20Sari">Sila K. Sari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betty%20J.L.%20Laglbauer"> Betty J.L. Laglbauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20G.%20Salim"> Muhammad G. Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irianies%20C.%20Gozali"> Irianies C. Gozali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal%20Herwata"> Iqbal Herwata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahmi%20Fahmi"> Fahmi Fahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvia%20Oktaviyani"> Selvia Oktaviyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Ender"> Isabel Ender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20%20Lewis"> Sarah Lewis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Sianipar"> Abraham Sianipar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Erdmann"> Mark Erdmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Taking strides towards the sustainable use of marine stocks requires science-based management of target fish populations and reduction of bycatch in non-selective fisheries. Among elasmobranchs, mobulid rays are faced with high extinction risk due to intrinsic vulnerability to fishing and their conservation has been recognized as a strong priority both in Indonesia and worldwide. Despite their common vulnerabilities to fishing pressure due to slow growth, late maturation and low fecundity, only manta rays, but not devil rays, are protected in Indonesian waters. However, both manta and devil rays are captured in non-selective fisheries, in particular drift gillnets, since their habitat overlaps with fishing grounds for primary target species (e.g. marlin, swordfish and bullet tuna off the coast of Muncar). For this reason, mobulid populations are being heavily impacted, and while national-level protections are crucial to help conservation, they may not suffice alone to insure populations sustainability. In order to assess the potential of applying live-release management measures to conserve mobulids captured as bycatch in drift gillnets, we deployed pop-up survival archival transmitters to assess post-release mortality in Indonesian mobulid rays. We also assessed which fishing practices, in particular, soak duration, affected post-release mortality in order to draw relevant conclusions for management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mobulid" title="Mobulid">Mobulid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devil%20ray" title=" Devil ray"> Devil ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manta%20ray" title=" Manta ray"> Manta ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bycatch" title=" Bycatch"> Bycatch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120119/mobulid-ray-post-release-mortality-to-assess-the-feasibility-of-live-release-management-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Assessment of Efficiency of Underwater Undulatory Swimming Strategies Using a Two-Dimensional CFD Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorian%20Audot">Dorian Audot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isobel%20Margaret%20Thompson"> Isobel Margaret Thompson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20Hudson"> Dominic Hudson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Banks"> Joseph Banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Warner"> Martin Warner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In competitive swimming, after dives and turns, athletes perform underwater undulatory swimming (UUS), copying marine mammals’ method of locomotion. The body, performing this wave-like motion, accelerates the fluid downstream in its vicinity, generating propulsion with minimal resistance. Through this technique, swimmers can maintain greater speeds than surface swimming and take advantage of the overspeed granted by the dive (or push-off). Almost all previous work has considered UUS when performed at maximum effort. Critical parameters to maximize UUS speed are frequently discussed; however, this does not apply to most races. In only 3 out of the 16 individual competitive swimming events are athletes likely to attempt to perform UUS with the greatest speed, without thinking of the cost of locomotion. In the other cases, athletes will want to control the speed of their underwater swimming, attempting to maximise speed whilst considering energy expenditure appropriate to the duration of the event. Hence, there is a need to understand how swimmers adapt their underwater strategies to optimize the speed within the allocated energetic cost. This paper develops a consistent methodology that enables different sets of UUS kinematics to be investigated. These may have different propulsive efficiencies and force generation mechanisms (e.g.: force distribution along with the body and force magnitude). The developed methodology, therefore, needs to: (i) provide an understanding of the UUS propulsive mechanisms at different speeds, (ii) investigate the key performance parameters when UUS is not performed solely for maximizing speed; (iii) consistently determine the propulsive efficiency of a UUS technique. The methodology is separated into two distinct parts: kinematic data acquisition and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. For the kinematic acquisition, the position of several joints along the body and their sequencing were either obtained by video digitization or by underwater motion capture (Qualisys system). During data acquisition, the swimmers were asked to perform UUS at a constant depth in a prone position (facing the bottom of the pool) at different speeds: maximum effort, 100m pace, 200m pace and 400m pace. The kinematic data were input to a CFD algorithm employing a two-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The algorithm adopted was specifically developed in order to perform quick unsteady simulations of deforming bodies and is therefore suitable for swimmers performing UUS. Despite its approximations, the algorithm is applied such that simulations are performed with the inflow velocity updated at every time step. It also enables calculations of the resistive forces (total and applied to each segment) and the power input of the modeled swimmer. Validation of the methodology is achieved by comparing the data obtained from the computations with the original data (e.g.: sustained swimming speed). This method is applied to the different kinematic datasets and provides data on swimmers’ natural responses to pacing instructions. The results show how kinematics affect force generation mechanisms and hence how the propulsive efficiency of UUS varies for different race strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20swimming" title=" human swimming"> human swimming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title=" hydrodynamics"> hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20undulatory%20swimming" title=" underwater undulatory swimming"> underwater undulatory swimming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137171/assessment-of-efficiency-of-underwater-undulatory-swimming-strategies-using-a-two-dimensional-cfd-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> A Comparison of Caesarean Section Indications and Characteristics in 2009 and 2020 in a Saudi Tertiary Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20K.%20Basudan">Sarah K. Basudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragad%20I.%20Al%20Jazzar"> Ragad I. Al Jazzar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinah%20Sulaihim"> Zeinah Sulaihim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20M.%20Al-Kadri"> Hanan M. Al-Kadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cesarean section has been increasing in recent years, with a wide range of etiologies contributing to this rise. This study aimed to assess the indications, outcomes, and complications in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A Retrospective Cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz medical city. The study includes two cohorts: G1 (2009) and G2 (2020) groups who met the inclusion criteria. The data was transferred to the SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 24 for analysis. The initial descriptive statistics were run for all variables, including numerical and categorical data. The numerical data were reported as median, and standard deviation and categorical data were reported as frequencies and percentages. Results: The data were collected from 399 women who were divided into two groups, G1(199) and G2(200). The mean age of all participants is 32+-6; G1 and G2 had significant differences in age means with 30+-6 and 34+-5, respectively, with a p-value of <0.001, which indicates delayed fertility by four years. Moreover, a breech presentation was less likely to occur in G2 (OR 0.64, CI: 0.21-0.62. P<0.001). Nonetheless, maternal causes such as repeated C-sections and maternal medical conditions were more likely to happen in G2 (OR 1.5, CI: 1.04-2.38, p=0.03) and (OR 5.4, CI: 1.12-23.9, P=0.01), respectively. Furthermore, postpartum hemorrhage showed an increase of 12% in G2 (OR 5.4, CI: 2.2-13.4, p<0.001). G2 was more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (OR 16, CI: 7.4-38.7) and to special care baby (SCB) (OR 7.2, CI: 3.9-13.1), both with a p-value<0.001 compared to regular nursery admission. Conclusion: There are multiple factors that are contributing to the increase in c section rate in a Saudi tertiary hospitals. The factors were suggested to be previous c-sections, abnormal fetal heart rate, malpresentation, and maternal or fetal medical conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesarean%20sections" title="cesarean sections">cesarean sections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20indications" title=" maternal indications"> maternal indications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20complications" title=" maternal complications"> maternal complications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonatal%20condition" title=" neonatal condition"> neonatal condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149738/a-comparison-of-caesarean-section-indications-and-characteristics-in-2009-and-2020-in-a-saudi-tertiary-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Making Permanent Supportive Housing Work for Vulnerable Populations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olayinka%20Ariba">Olayinka Ariba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abe%20Oudshoorn"> Abe Oudshoorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Rolfe"> Steve Rolfe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carrie%20Anne%20Marshall"> Carrie Anne Marshall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deanna%20Befus"> Deanna Befus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Gilliland"> Jason Gilliland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miranda%20Crockett"> Miranda Crockett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susana%20Caxaj"> Susana Caxaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20McLean"> Sarah McLean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Van%20Berkum"> Amy Van Berkum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Thuemler"> Natasha Thuemler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Secure housing is a platform for health and well-being. Those who struggle with housing stability have complex life and health histories and often require some support services such as the provision of permanent supportive housing. Poor access to supportive resources creates an exacerbation of chronic homelessness, particularly affecting individuals who need immediate access to mental health and addiction supports. This paper presents the first phase of a three-part study examining how on-site support impacts housing stability for recently-re-housed persons. Method: This study utilized a community-based participatory research methodology. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with permanent supportive housing residents from a single-site dwelling. Interpretative description analysis was used to draw common themes and understand the experiences and challenges of housing support. Results: Three interconnected themes were identified: 1) Available and timely supports; 2) Affordability; and 3) Community, but with independence as desired. These interconnected components are helping residents transition from homelessness or long-term mental health inpatient care to live in the community. Despite some participant concerns about resident conflicts, staff availability, and affordability, this has been a welcome and successful move for most. Conclusion: Supportive housing is essential for successful tenancies as a platform for health and well-being among Canada’s most vulnerable and, from the perspective of persons recently re-housed, permanent supportive housing is a worthwhile investment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homelessness" title="homelessness">homelessness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supportive%20housing" title=" supportive housing"> supportive housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehoused" title=" rehoused"> rehoused</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20stability" title=" housing stability"> housing stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148045/making-permanent-supportive-housing-work-for-vulnerable-populations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Use of a Symptom Scale Based on Degree of Functional Impairment for Acute Concussion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20T.%20McCarthy">Matthew T. McCarthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Janse"> Sarah Janse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalie%20M.%20Pizzimenti"> Natalie M. Pizzimenti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20K.%20Savino"> Anthony K. Savino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Crosser"> Brian Crosser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20C.%20Rose"> Sean C. Rose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concussion is diagnosed clinically using a comprehensive history and exam, supported by ancillary testing. Frequently, symptom checklists are used as part of the evaluation of concussion. Existing symptom scales are based on a subjective Likert scale, without relation of symptoms to clinical or functional impairment. This is a retrospective review of 133 patients under age 30 seen in an outpatient neurology practice within 30 days of a probable or definite concussion. Each patient completed 2 symptom checklists at the initial visit – the SCAT-3 symptom evaluation (22 symptoms, 0-6 scale) and a scale based on the degree of clinical impairment for each symptom (22 symptoms, 0-3 scale related to functional impact of the symptom). Final clearance date was determined by the treating physician. 60.9% of patients were male with mean age 15.7 years (SD 2.3). Mean time from concussion to first visit was 6.9 days (SD 6.2), and 101 patients had definite concussions (75.9%), while 32 were diagnosed as probable (24.1%). 94 patients had a known clearance date (70.7%) with mean clearance time of 20.6 days (SD 18.6) and median clearance time of 19 days (95% CI 16-21). Mean total symptom score was 27.2 (SD 22.9) on the SCAT-3 and 14.7 (SD 11.9) for the functional impairment scale. Pearson’s correlation between the two scales was 0.98 (p < 0.001). After adjusting for patient and injury characteristics, an equivalent increase in score on each scale was associated with longer time to clearance (SCAT-3 hazard ratio 0.885, 95%CI 0.835-0.938, p < 0.001; functional impairment scale hazard ratio 0.851, 95%CI 0.802-0.902, p < 0.001). A concussion symptom scale based on degree of functional impairment correlates strongly with the SCAT-3 scale and demonstrates a similar association with time to clearance. By assessing the degree of impact on clinical functioning, this symptom scale reflects a more intuitive approach to rating symptoms and can be used in the management of concussion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=checklist" title="checklist">checklist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concussion" title=" concussion"> concussion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurology" title=" neurology"> neurology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale" title=" scale"> scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports" title=" sports"> sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symptoms" title=" symptoms"> symptoms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108328/use-of-a-symptom-scale-based-on-degree-of-functional-impairment-for-acute-concussion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Non-Medical Prescription and Other Drug Use in Relation to Mental Health and World Beliefs: A Study of College Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20P.%20Wuebbolt">Sarah P. Wuebbolt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashlee%20N.%20Sawyer-Mays"> Ashlee N. Sawyer-Mays</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-medical prescription and other drug (NMPOD) use has been a significant public health issue for the last few decades, with problematic use increasing among university students more recently. The current study focused on associations between NMPOD use and mental health, well-being, and world beliefs among young adults. Young adults (N=513) completed online questionnaires assessing stress, demographic characteristics, self-esteem, NMPOD use, coping mechanisms, and anxiety. A substantial portion of participants reported using cannabis (48.5%, n=249), while smaller portions of participants reported using stimulants (26.7%, n = 137), sedatives (17.2%, n=88), opioids (10.8%, n=55), and hallucinogens (14.4%, n=74). Five hierarchical logistic regressions were performed to determine the independent relationships between mental health, well-being, and world belief factors and NMPOD use for the five classes of substances. After controlling for demographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and religious affiliation), depression was associated with increased non-medical stimulant, opioid, and cannabis use; coping self-efficacy was associated with increased hallucinogen use, and attendance of worship services was associated with decreased non-medical cannabis and hallucinogen use. Results suggest that depression was strongly associated with non-medical stimulant, opioid, and cannabis use, and attendance of worship services was protective against cannabis and hallucinogen use. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to investigate the relationships between mental health, well-being, world beliefs, and NMPOD use among young adults. The present study illuminates future targets for intervention, such as increased access to mental health diagnosis and treatment and the exploration of the roles of religion and shared community in the prevention of drug use among young adults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis" title="cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-medical%20prescription%20and%20other%20drug%20use" title=" non-medical prescription and other drug use"> non-medical prescription and other drug use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20beliefs" title=" world beliefs"> world beliefs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181597/non-medical-prescription-and-other-drug-use-in-relation-to-mental-health-and-world-beliefs-a-study-of-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Quantitative Evaluation on Community Perceptions of Sanitation and Hygiene in Rural Guatemala </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akudo%20Ejelonu">Akudo Ejelonu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Willig"> Sarah Willig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Anthony%20%20Sauder"> J. Anthony Sauder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heather%20Murphy"> Heather Murphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frances%20Shofer"> Frances Shofer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The high prevalence of diarrheal diseases in the village of Tzununá, Guatemala is linked to lack of sanitation facilities and handwashing practices. Diarrheal diseases are preventable and improved access to latrines, hygiene education and clean water may improve sanitation by reducing the spread of disease. Objective: Between May 2015-January 2017, the University of Pennsylvania Chapter of Engineers Without Border (PennEWB) and local partners designed an intervention to reduce diarrheal disease by building pour flush latrines in 50 individual households and providing education on the importance of handwashing practice. Design/Methods: Through convenient sampling, we surveyed 45 households to evaluate the community’s knowledge of diarrheal disease, handwashing practices, and maintenance of the latrines. Results: 92% of the study participants experienced decrease of new cases of diarrheal disease after receiving a latrine. Only 11% washed their hands after defecating in the latrine. There was gap in understanding the health outcome of latrine sanitation and handwashing education. The respondents did not connect the reduction of diarrheal disease with latrine use and maintenance. Instead, they associated their motivation for latrine use with aesthetics, proximity to their home, ease and comfort, and reduction of shame. We recommend that PennEWB adopt UNICEF or WHO education on hand washing practice. Conclusion: Social interaction and social pressure drove the household use of latrines. The latrines are being valued and cleaned. The education that the residents received did not target norms and behaviors. Latrines could be used to create a new social norm that supports behavioral change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarrheal%20disease" title="diarrheal disease">diarrheal disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latrine" title=" latrine"> latrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20defecation" title=" open defecation"> open defecation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation%20and%20hygiene" title=" sanitation and hygiene"> sanitation and hygiene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91524/quantitative-evaluation-on-community-perceptions-of-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-rural-guatemala" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Developing a Cultural Policy Framework for Small Towns and Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Ndhlovu">Raymond Ndhlovu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jen%20Snowball"> Jen Snowball</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has long been known that the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) have the potential to aid in physical, social and economic renewal and regeneration of towns and cities, hence their importance when dealing with regional development. The CCIs can act as a catalyst for activity and investment in an area because the ‘consumption’ of cultural activities will lead to the activities and use of other non-cultural activities, for example, hospitality development including restaurants and bars, as well as public transport. ‘Consumption’ of cultural activities also leads to employment creation, and diversification. However, CCIs tend to be clustered, especially around large cities. There is, moreover, a case for development of CCIs around smaller towns and cities, because they do not rely on high technology inputs, and long supply chains, and, their direct link to rural and isolated places makes them vital in regional development. However, there is currently little research on how to craft cultural policy for regions with smaller towns and cities. Using the Sarah Baartman District (SBDM) in South Africa as an example, this paper describes the process of developing cultural policy for a region that has potential, and existing, cultural clusters, but currently no one, coherent policy relating to CCI development. The SBDM was chosen as a case study because it has no large cities, but has some CCI clusters, and has identified them as potential drivers of local economic development. The process of developing cultural policy is discussed in stages: Identification of what resources are present; including human resources, soft and hard infrastructure; Identification of clusters; Analysis of CCI labour markets and ownership patterns; Opportunities and challenges from the point of view of CCIs and other key stakeholders; Alignment of regional policy aims with provincial and national policy objectives; and finally, design and implementation of a regional cultural policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20and%20creative%20industries" title="cultural and creative industries">cultural and creative industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20value" title=" intrinsic value"> intrinsic value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20development" title=" regional development"> regional development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73301/developing-a-cultural-policy-framework-for-small-towns-and-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Transdermal Medicated- Layered Extended-Release Patches for Co-delivery of Carbamazepine and Pyridoxine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20K.%20Amer">Sarah K. Amer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walaa%20Alaa"> Walaa Alaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, according to WHO statistics. It is characterized by the presence of frequent seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is considered first-line treatment for epilepsy. However, reports have shown that CBZ oral formulations failed to achieve optimum systemic delivery, minimize side effects, and enhance patient compliance. Besides, the literature has signified the lack of therapeutically efficient CBZ transdermal formulation and the urge for its existence owing to its ease and convenient method of application and highlighted capability to attain higher bioavailability and more extended-release profiles compared to conventional oral CBZ tablets. This work aims to prepare CBZ microspheres (MS) that are embedded in a transdermal gel containing Vitamin B to be co-delivered. MS were prepared by emulsion-solvent diffusion method using Eudragit S as core forming polymer and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer. The MS appeared to be spherical and porous in nature, offering a large surface area and high entrapment efficiency of CBZ. The transdermal gel was prepared by solvent-evaporation technique using HPMC that, offered high entrapment efficiency and Eudragit S that provided an extended-release profile. Polyethylene glycol, Span 80 and Pyridoxine were also added. Data indicated that combinations of CBZ with pyridoxine can reduce epileptic seizures without affecting motor coordination. Extended-release profiles were evident for this system. The patches were furthermore tested for thickness, moisture content, folding endurance, spreadability and viscosity measurements. This novel pharmaceutical formulation would be of great influence on seizure control, offering better therapeutic effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title="epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbamazepine" title=" carbamazepine"> carbamazepine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyridoxine" title=" pyridoxine"> pyridoxine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdermal" title=" transdermal"> transdermal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182988/transdermal-medicated-layered-extended-release-patches-for-co-delivery-of-carbamazepine-and-pyridoxine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Exoskeleton-Enhanced Manufacturing: A Study Exploring Psychological and Physical Effects on Assembly Operators' Wellbeing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iveta%20Eimontaite">Iveta Eimontaite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20R.%20Fletcher"> Sarah R. Fletcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Surico"> Michele Surico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfio%20Minissale"> Alfio Minissale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20F.%20Abba"> Fabio F. Abba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industry 4.0 offers possibilities for increased production volumes and greater efficiency whilst at the same time presenting new opportunities and challenges for the human workforce. Exoskeletons have been used in healthcare and are now starting to be adopted in manufacturing. The potential benefits of reducing fatigue and physical strain are attractive prospects of the technology for industry; however, the novelty of exoskeletons and surrounding ethical issues raise concerns amongst the stakeholders. The current case study investigated the introduction of an upper body exoskeleton designed to support posture but not increase physical strength in a factory over three time points: before the exoskeleton was introduced, and one and two months post-introduction once operators had experienced working with it. The main focus was to evaluate changes in operators' workload, situation awareness, technology self-efficacy, and physical discomfort following the introduction of the exoskeleton. After using the exoskeleton over two months, operators reported a decrease in temporal demand and an increase in performance of the NASA TLX instrument. Furthermore, over the second month, operators' self-reported technology self-efficacy scores increased, but at the same time, their situation awareness decreased. Interestingly, operators' physical discomfort after using the exoskeleton for two months increased from not uncomfortable to quite uncomfortable in the shoulder, arm, and middle back regions. The results suggest that self-perceived task efficiency improved; however, increased discomfort and decreased situation awareness scores indicate that two months might not be long enough for the exoskeleton to be integrated into operators’ mental body schema. The paper will discuss further implications and suggestions for exoskeleton introduction to manufacturing environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton" title="exoskeleton">exoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing" title=" manufacturing"> manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20workload" title=" mental workload"> mental workload</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20discomfort" title=" physical discomfort"> physical discomfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situation%20awareness" title=" situation awareness"> situation awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20self-efficacy" title=" technology self-efficacy"> technology self-efficacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126952/exoskeleton-enhanced-manufacturing-a-study-exploring-psychological-and-physical-effects-on-assembly-operators-wellbeing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Analysis of Pangasinan State University: Bayambang Students’ Concerns Through Social Media Analytics and Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modelling Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20John%20F.%20Sino%20Cruz">Matthew John F. Sino Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Jane%20M.%20Ferrer"> Sarah Jane M. Ferrer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janice%20C.%20Francisco"> Janice C. Francisco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 114 countries all over the world since it was considered a global health concern in 2020. Different sectors, including education, have shifted to remote/distant setups to follow the guidelines set to prevent the spread of the disease. One of the higher education institutes which shifted to remote setup is the Pangasinan State University (PSU). In order to continue providing quality instructions to the students, PSU designed Flexible Learning Model to still provide services to its stakeholders amidst the pandemic. The model covers the redesigning of delivering instructions in remote setup and the technology needed to support these adjustments. The primary goal of this study is to determine the insights of the PSU – Bayambang students towards the remote setup implemented during the pandemic and how they perceived the initiatives employed in relation to their experiences in flexible learning. In this study, the topic modelling approach was implemented using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The dataset used in the study. The results show that the most common concern of the students includes time and resource management, poor internet connection issues, and difficulty coping with the flexible learning modality. Furthermore, the findings of the study can be used as one of the bases for the administration to review and improve the policies and initiatives implemented during the pandemic in relation to remote service delivery. In addition, further studies can be conducted to determine the overall sentiment of the other stakeholders in the policies implemented at the University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topic%20modelling" title=" topic modelling"> topic modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20sentiment" title=" students’ sentiment"> students’ sentiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20learning" title=" flexible learning"> flexible learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latent%20Dirichlet%20allocation" title=" Latent Dirichlet allocation"> Latent Dirichlet allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154923/analysis-of-pangasinan-state-university-bayambang-students-concerns-through-social-media-analytics-and-latent-dirichlet-allocation-topic-modelling-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> The Continuation of Trauma through Transcribing: Second Generation Survivors and the Inability for a 'Post-Holocaust'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Snyder">Sarah Snyder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historians use the term ‘post-Holocaust’ to indicate the period from 1945 onward; however, for survivors of the Holocaust and their families, the Holocaust did not end in 1945. In fact, for some, it was just the beginning of their struggles. There are those who could not return to their homes, find loved ones, or fight off night terrors. Additionally, they continue to suffer from mental illness or physical disease stemming from the Holocaust. In order for historians to have a clearer understanding of the trauma survivors have endured, it is must to approach time differently. Trauma does not operate on a timeline and thereby, our understanding of ‘before,’ ‘during’ and ‘after’ are flawed. In order to convey this flaw, this study will examine memoirs of second and third-generation survivors and of child survivors. Within the second and third generation group, there are two types of generational memoirs that are scrutinized for this case study. The first being when a child or grandchild records the stories of their parent(s) or grandparent(s) without any of the second or third generation’s stories implicitly written. ‘Implicitly’ is used in the context that it is impossible for any writer to not impose at least some stylistic portion of themselves into writing, but the intent was to focus on the parent or grandparent. The other type of memoir is when they write their parent(s) or grandparent(s) story intertwined with their own story. Additionally, the child survivor has a unique role in memory and trauma studies. Much like later generations who write about the Holocaust but have not experienced the trauma firsthand, the child survivor must write about what they lived through and experienced but cannot remember without the assistance of research or other survivors. This study shows that survivors continue to demonstrate trauma-related paranoia. They fear experiencing another Holocaust. In their minds, they replay the horrors that they had experienced. A pilgrimage to a 20th century Europe, unlike one of the 1940s, causes uncertainty, confusion, and additional paranoia. It is through these findings that it becomes evident that historians must learn to study trauma without placing strict timelines that prevent understanding of how trauma impacts those who have experienced complex trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holocaust" title="holocaust">holocaust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generational" title=" generational"> generational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memoirs" title=" memoirs"> memoirs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129461/the-continuation-of-trauma-through-transcribing-second-generation-survivors-and-the-inability-for-a-post-holocaust" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Clinical Outcomes After Radiological Management of Varicoceles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Lai">Eric Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Lorger"> Sarah Lorger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Eisinger"> David Eisinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Waugh"> Richard Waugh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Percutaneous embolization of varicoceles has shown similar outcomes to surgery. However, there are advantages of radiological intervention as patients are not exposed to general anaesthesia, experience a quicker recovery and face a lower risk of major complications. Radiological interventions are also preferable after a failed surgical approach. We evaluate clinical outcomes of percutaneous embolization at a tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia. Methods: Retrospective case series without a control group from a single site (Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia). A data search was performed on the interventional radiology database with the word “varicocele” between February 2017 and March 2022. 62 patients were identified. Each patient file was reviewed and included in the study if they met the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 56 patients were included. 6 patients were excluded as they did not receive intervention after the initial diagnostic venography. Technical success was 100%. Complications were seen in 3 patients (5.3%). The complications included post-procedural pain and fever, venous perforation with no clinical adverse outcome, and a mild allergic reaction to contrast. Recurrence occurred in 3 patients (5.6%), all of whom received a successful second procedure. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates comparable rates of technical success, complication rate and recurrence to other studies in the literature. When compared to surgical outcomes, the results were also similar. The main limitation is multiple patients lack long-term follow-up beyond 1 year, resulting in potential underestimation of the recurrence rate. Conclusion: Percutaneous embolization of varicocele is a safe alternative to surgical intervention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varicocele" title="varicocele">varicocele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventional%20radiology" title=" interventional radiology"> interventional radiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urology" title=" urology"> urology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiology" title=" radiology"> radiology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178551/clinical-outcomes-after-radiological-management-of-varicoceles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Bacterial Interactions of Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiota</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Almuhayya">Sarah Almuhayya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Mcbain"> Andrew Mcbain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gavin%20Humphreys"> Gavin Humphreys</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background. The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract (URT) has received less research attention than other body sites. This study aims to investigate the microbial ecology of the human URT with a focus on the antagonism between the corynebacteria and staphylococci. Methods. Mucosal swabs were collected from the anterior nares and nasal turbinates of 20 healthy adult subjects. Genomic DNA amplification targeting the (V4) of the 16Sr RNA gene was conducted and analyzed using QIIME. Nasal swab isolates were cultured and identified using near full-length sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Isolates identified as corynebacteria or staphylococci were typed using (rep-PCR). Antagonism was determined using an agar-based inhibition assay. Results. Four major bacterial phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) were identified from all volunteers. The typing of cultured staphylococci and corynebacteria suggested that intra-individual strain diversity was limited. Analysis of generated nasal microbiota profiles suggested an inverse correlation in terms of relative abundance between staphylococci and corynebacteria. Despite the apparent antagonism between these genera, it was limited when investigated on agar. Of 1000 pairwise interactions, observable zones of inhibition were only reported between a single strain of C.pseudodiphtheriticum and S.aureus. Imaging under EM revealed this effect to be bactericidal with clear lytic effects on staphylococcal cell morphology. Conclusion. Nasal microbiota is complex, but culturable staphylococci and corynebacteria were limited in terms of clone type. Analysis of generated nasal microbiota profiles suggested an inverse correlation in terms of relative abundance between these genera suggesting an antagonism or competition between these taxonomic groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasal" title="nasal">nasal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiota" title=" microbiota"> microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.aureus" title=" S.aureus"> S.aureus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbioal%20interaction" title=" microbioal interaction"> microbioal interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164241/bacterial-interactions-of-upper-respiratory-tract-microbiota" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Enhancing Warehousing Operation In Cold Supply Chain Through The Use Of IOT And Lifi Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20El-Gamal">Sarah El-Gamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Passent%20Hossam"> Passent Hossam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abd%20El%20Aziz"> Ahmed Abd El Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rojina%20Mahmoud"> Rojina Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hassan"> Ahmed Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20Hilal"> Dalia Hilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Ayman"> Eman Ayman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Haytham"> Hana Haytham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Khamis"> Omar Khamis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several concerns fall upon the supply chain, especially the cold supply chain. According to the literature, the main challenges in the cold supply chain are the distribution and storage phases. In this research, researchers focused on the storage area, which contains several activities such as the picking activity that faces a lot of obstacles and challenges The implementation of IoT solutions enables businesses to monitor the temperature of food items, which is perhaps the most critical parameter in cold chains. Therefore, researchers proposed a practical solution that would help in eliminating the problems related to ineffective picking for products, especially fish and seafood products, by using IoT technology, most notably LiFi technology. Thus, guaranteeing sufficient picking, reducing waste, and consequently lowering costs. A prototype was specially designed and examined. This research is a single case study research. Two methods of data collection were used; observation and semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers and decision maker at Carrefour Alexandria to validate the problem and the proposed practical solution using IoTandLiFi technology. A total of three interviews were conducted. As a result, a SWOT analysis was achieved in order to highlight all the strengths and weaknesses of using the recommended Lifi solution in the picking process. According to the investigations, it was found that the use of IoT and LiFi technology is cost effective, efficient, and reduces human errors, minimize the percentage of product waste and thus save money and cost. Thus, increasing customer satisfaction and profits gained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20supply%20chain" title="cold supply chain">cold supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=picking%20process" title=" picking process"> picking process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20control" title=" temperature control"> temperature control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOT" title=" IOT"> IOT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warehousing" title=" warehousing"> warehousing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIFI" title=" LIFI"> LIFI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144236/enhancing-warehousing-operation-in-cold-supply-chain-through-the-use-of-iot-and-lifi-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> STD-NMR Based Protein Engineering of the Unique Arylpropionate-Racemase AMDase G74C</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Ga%C3%9Fmeyer">Sarah Gaßmeyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadine%20H%C3%BClsemann"> Nadine Hülsemann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Stoll"> Raphael Stoll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Miyamoto"> Kenji Miyamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Kourist"> Robert Kourist </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymatic racemization allows the smooth interconversion of stereocenters under very mild reaction conditions. Racemases find frequent applications in deracemization and dynamic kinetic resolutions. Arylmalonate decarboxylase (AMDase) from Bordetella Bronchiseptica has high structural similarity to amino acid racemases. These cofactor-free racemases are able to break chemically strong CH-bonds under mild conditions. The racemase-like catalytic machinery of mutant G74C conveys it a unique activity in the racemisation of pharmacologically relevant derivates of 2-phenylpropionic acid (profenes), which makes AMDase G74C an interesting object for the mechanistic investigation of cofactor-independent racemases. Structure-guided protein engineering achieved a variant of this unique racemase with 40-fold increased activity in the racemisation of several arylaliphatic carboxylic acids. By saturation–transfer–difference NMR spectroscopy (STD-NMR), substrate binding during catalysis was investigated. All atoms of the substrate showed interactions with the enzyme. STD-NMR measurements revealed distinct nuclear Overhauser effects in experiments with and without molecular conversion. The spectroscopic analysis led to the identification of several amino acid residues whose variation increased the activity of G74C. While single-amino acid exchanges increased the activity moderately, structure-guided saturation mutagenesis yielded a quadruple mutant with a 40 times higher reaction rate. This study presents STD-NMR as versatile tool for the analysis of enzyme-substrate interactions in catalytically competent systems and for the guidance of protein engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racemase" title="racemase">racemase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20protein%20design" title=" rational protein design"> rational protein design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STD-NMR" title=" STD-NMR"> STD-NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20guided%20saturation%20mutagenesis" title=" structure guided saturation mutagenesis"> structure guided saturation mutagenesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36749/std-nmr-based-protein-engineering-of-the-unique-arylpropionate-racemase-amdase-g74c" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Ulnar Nerve Changes Associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Effect on Median Ersus Ulnar Comparative Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20K.%20Aziz%20Saba">Emmanuel K. Aziz Saba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20S.%20El-Tawab"> Sarah S. El-Tawab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was found to be associated with high pressure within the Guyon’s canal. The aim of this study was to assess the involvement of sensory and/or motor ulnar nerve fibers in patients with CTS and whether this affects the accuracy of the median versus ulnar sensory and motor comparative tests. Patients and methods: The present study included 145 CTS hands and 71 asymptomatic control hands. Clinical examination was done for all patients. The following tests were done for the patients and control: (1) Sensory conduction studies: median nerve, ulnar nerve, dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve and median versus ulnar digit (D) four sensory comparative study; (2) Motor conduction studies: median nerve, ulnar nerve and median versus ulnar motor comparative study. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between patients and control group as regards parameters of ulnar motor study and dorsal ulnar cutaneous sensory conduction study. It was found that 17 CTS hands (11.7%) had ulnar sensory abnormalities in 17 different patients. The median versus ulnar sensory and motor comparative studies were abnormal among all these 17 CTS hands. There were statistically significant negative correlations between median motor latency and both ulnar sensory amplitudes recording D5 and D4. There were statistically significant positive correlations between median sensory conduction velocity and both ulnar sensory nerve action potential amplitude recording D5 and D4. Conclusions: There is ulnar sensory nerve abnormality among CTS patients. This abnormality affects the amplitude of ulnar sensory nerve action potential. The presence of abnormalities in ulnar nerve occurs in moderate and severe degrees of CTS. This does not affect the median versus ulnar sensory and motor comparative tests accuracy and validity for use in electrophysiological diagnosis of CTS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carpal%20tunnel%20syndrome" title="carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulnar%20nerve" title=" ulnar nerve"> ulnar nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20nerve" title=" median nerve"> median nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20versus%20ulnar%20comparative%20study" title=" median versus ulnar comparative study"> median versus ulnar comparative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dorsal%20ulnar%20cutaneous%20nerve" title=" dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve"> dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19196/ulnar-nerve-changes-associated-with-carpal-tunnel-syndrome-and-effect-on-median-ersus-ulnar-comparative-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Occupational Stress and Lipid Profile among Drivers in Ismailia City, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20Waheed">Amani Waheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Mishriky"> Adel Mishriky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Farouk"> Rasha Farouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20%20Abdallah"> Essam Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Hussein"> Sarah Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Occupational stress plays a crucial role in professional drivers' health. They are exposed to high workloads, low physical activity, high demand and low decisions as well as poor lifestyle factors including poor diet, sedentary work, and smoking. Dyslipidemia is a well-established modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Occupational stress and other forms of chronic stress have been associated with raised levels of atherogenic lipids. Although stress management has some evidence in improving lipid profile, the association between occupational stress and dyslipidemia is not clear. Objectives: To assess the relational between occupational stress and lipid profile among professional drivers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted at a large company in Ismailia City, Egypt, where, 131 professional drivers divided into 44 car drivers, 43 bus drivers, and 44 truck drivers were eligible after applying exclusion criteria. Occupational stress index (OSI), non-occupational risk factors of dyslipidemia were assessed using interview structured questionnaire. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile were measured. Results: The mean of total OSI score was 79.98 ± 6.14. The total OSI score is highest among truck drivers (82.16 ± 4.62), then bus drivers (80.26 ± 6.02) and lowest among car drivers (77.55 ± 6.79) with statistically significant. Eighty percent had Dyslipidemia. The duration of driving hours per day, exposure to passive smoking and increased BMI were the risk factors. No statistical significance between Total OSI score and dyslipidemia. Using, logistic regression analysis, occupational stress, duration of driving hours per day, and BMI were positive significant predictors for dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Professional drivers are exposed to occupational stress. A high proportion of drivers have dyslipidemia. Total OSI score doesn't have statistically significant relation with dyslipidemia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title="body mass index">body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyslipidaemia" title=" dyslipidaemia"> dyslipidaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20stress" title=" occupational stress"> occupational stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20drivers" title=" professional drivers"> professional drivers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96336/occupational-stress-and-lipid-profile-among-drivers-in-ismailia-city-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Women Doing Leadership in Higher Education: Drawing on Individual Experiences to Analyse On-Going Gender Inequality in the Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Barnard">Sarah Barnard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Arnold"> John Arnold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fehmidah%20Munir"> Fehmidah Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Bosley"> Sara Bosley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gender issues in higher education continue to represent a complex issue as institutions grapple with the role that organisations can play in combatting inequality. Schemes like Athena SWAN and the Aurora leadership programme in the UK context are attempting to tackle some of the issues around representation and the recognition of women in the sector. This paper is the first of its kind in reporting findings from a mixed-methods longitudinal study on both professional services and academic women in higher education in the UK. Online surveys have been completed by over 2,000 women in the sector. The qualitative elements include interviews with women and their mentors, and diaries with a select group of women. So far results have shown that contrary to the stereotype of women lacking leadership skills or having no desire to go into higher roles, women in the sector consistently assessed their leadership abilities positively, especially but not only regarding interpersonal interaction and facilitation. Over 80% of women agreed that they felt confident about putting themselves forward for positions of responsibility at work. However, qualitative data shows that confidence remains a salient term for how women talk about the challenges they have faced at work. This suggests that the work needed to challenge systemic gender issues requires action to be driven above the individual level. Overall, academics reported more negative experiences than professional services staff. Similarly BAME women’s responses are more negative. Therefore, the study offers some information on the differential experiences of women. In conclusion, women in higher education are undertaking considerable ‘below the radar’ leadership activities in what they perceive to be a somewhat inhospitable hostile workplace culture. The significant amount of effort expended in the sector is affecting slow, partial impacts on gender inequalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20research" title=" longitudinal research"> longitudinal research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77912/women-doing-leadership-in-higher-education-drawing-on-individual-experiences-to-analyse-on-going-gender-inequality-in-the-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Experiences Using Autoethnography as a Methodology for Research in Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Amodeo">Sarah Amodeo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drawing on the author’s research about the experiences of female immigrant students in academic Adult Education, in Montreal, Quebec, this paper deconstructs the benefits of autoethnography as a methodology for educators in Adult Education. Autoethnography is an advantageous methodology for teachers in Adult Education as it allows for deep engagement, allowing for educators to reflect on student experiences and their day-to-day realities, and in turn, allowing for professional development, improved andragogy, and changes to classroom practices. Autoethnography is a qualitative research methodology that cultivates strategies for improving adult learning. The paper begins by outlining the context that inspired autoethnography for the author’s work, highlighting the emergence of autoethnography as a method, while examining how it is evolving and drawing on foundational work that continues to inspire research. The basic autoethnographic methodologies that are explored in this paper include the use of memory work in episode formation, the use of personal photographs, and textual readings of artworks. Memory work allows for the researcher to use their professional experience and the lived/shared experiences of their students in their research, drawing on episodes from their past. Personal photographs and descriptions of artwork allow researchers to explore images of learning environments/realities in ways that compliment student experiences. Major findings of the text are examined through the analysis of categories of autoethnography. Specific categories include realism, impressionism, and conceptualism which aid in orientating the analysis and emergent themes that develop through self-study. Finally, the text presents a discussion surrounding the limitations of autoethnography, with attention to the trustworthiness and ethical issues. The paper concludes with a consideration of the implications of autoethnography for adult educators in juxtaposition with youth sector work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artwork" title="artwork">artwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoethnography" title=" autoethnography"> autoethnography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptualism" title=" conceptualism"> conceptualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=episode%20formation" title=" episode formation"> episode formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impressionism" title=" impressionism"> impressionism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20work" title=" memory work"> memory work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20photographs" title=" personal photographs"> personal photographs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20realism" title=" and realism"> and realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realism" title=" realism"> realism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143549/experiences-using-autoethnography-as-a-methodology-for-research-in-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Connected Female Sufi Disciples: The Workings of Social Online Communities in a Transnational Sufi Order</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Hebbouch">Sarah Hebbouch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two decades ago, research on diasporic women’s participation within Sufi circles would have been inconceivable, not only because of a general lack of recognition of their contribution to Sufism but due to the intimacy of the rituals, often taking place in confined spaces, like zawiyas (Sufi lodges). Recent scholarly attention to female spiritual experience owes to a digital awareness and interest in exploring diasporic community reproduction of those experiences. Within a context where female disciples of a Sufi convent undergo a physical separation from the saint’s sanctuary -because of immigration from the homeland to the host country- technology becomes a social hub accounting for Sufis’ ritual commitment and preservation of cultural capital in the diaspora. This paper elucidates how female Sufi immigrants affiliating with the Boudchichi brotherhood (Morocco-based) maintain ‘a relational network’ and strong social online relationships with their female compatriots in Morocco through the use of online platforms. Sufi communities living in the diaspora find the internet an open interactive space that serves to kindle their distance of spiritual participation and corroborate their transnational belonging. The current paper explores the implications of the use of a digital baseline named “Tariqa Info,” the convent’s digital online platform, and how it mediates everyday ritual performance, the promotion of digital connection, and the communication of ideas and discourses. Such a platform serves the bolstering emotional bonds for transnational female disciples and inclusion within online communities in the homeland. Assisted by an ethnographic lens, this paper discusses the research findings of participatory field observation of Sufi women’s online communities, informed by the need to trace the many ostensible aspects of interconnectedness and divergences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20connection" title="digital connection">digital connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sufi%20convent" title=" Sufi convent"> Sufi convent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20online%20relationship" title=" social online relationship"> social online relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20female%20disciples" title=" transnational female disciples"> transnational female disciples</a> </p> <a 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