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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Classical antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ottoman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>British Mandate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948_Palestine_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948_Palestine_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1948 Palestine war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948_Palestine_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_sites_and_shrines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_sites_and_shrines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious sites and shrines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_sites_and_shrines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jish</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B4_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="الجش (الجليل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجش (الجليل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%ABsh" title="Jīsh – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jīsh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEi%C5%A1" title="Džiš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džiš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisch" title="Gisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Τζις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush_Halav" title="Gush Halav – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gush Halav" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B4_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84)" title="الجش (الجلیل) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الجش (الجلیل)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jish" title="Jish – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jish" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jish" title="Jish – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jish" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A9_(%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91)" title="ג'ש (גוש חלב) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ש (גוש חלב)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B4_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87)" title="الجش (بلده فى المنطقه الشماليه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجش (بلده فى المنطقه الشماليه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jish" title="Jish – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jish" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BCisz" title="Dżisz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dżisz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Джиш – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джиш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jish" title="Jish – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jish" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%ABsh" title="Jīsh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jīsh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jish&params=33_1_34_N_35_26_43_E_region:IL_type:city(3216)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°1′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°26′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.02611°N 35.44528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.02611; 35.44528</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="PIA-flag" style="display:none; visibility:hidden;" title="This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict."></p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Local council in Israel</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jish</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">גִ'שׁ, גּוּשׁ חָלָב</span>‎</span></span></li><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الجش</span></span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local council</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Hebrew transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">ISO 259</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ǧiš, Guš Ḥalav</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%92%27%D7%A92.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D7%92%27%D7%A92.JPG/250px-%D7%92%27%D7%A92.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D7%92%27%D7%A92.JPG/375px-%D7%92%27%D7%A92.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D7%92%27%D7%A92.JPG/500px-%D7%92%27%D7%A92.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_outline_northeast.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jish is located in Northeast Israel"><img alt="Jish is located in Northeast Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Israel_outline_northeast.png/250px-Israel_outline_northeast.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Israel_outline_northeast.png/500px-Israel_outline_northeast.png 1.5x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="628" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.695%;left:55.025%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jish"><img alt="Jish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Jish</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Northeast Israel</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jish is located in Israel"><img alt="Jish is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/250px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/500px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.283%;left:67.126%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jish"><img alt="Jish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Jish</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Israel</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jish&params=33_1_34_N_35_26_43_E_region:IL_type:city(3216)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°1′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°26′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.02611°N 35.44528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.02611; 35.44528</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grid position</th><td class="infobox-data">191/270 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">PAL</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2000 BC <small>(Earliest settlement)</small><br />1300 BC <small>(Gush Halav)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head of Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elias_Elias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elias Elias (page does not exist)">Elias Elias</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,916 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (6.916 km<sup>2</sup> or 2.670 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,216</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">470/km<sup>2</sup> (1,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arabs</a></th><td class="infobox-data">98.4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Jews and others</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.6%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">A lump of milk</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jish.org.il/">www<wbr />.jish<wbr />.org<wbr />.il</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jish</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الجش</span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Jiŝ</i></span>), also known by its <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> name of <b>Gush Halab</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">גּוּשׁ חָלָב</span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Gūŝ Ḥālāḇ</i></span>), or by its <a href="/wiki/Classical_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Antiquity">classical</a> name of <b>Gischala</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">local council</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee" title="Upper Galilee">Upper Galilee</a>, located on the northeastern slopes of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Meron" title="Mount Meron">Mount Meron</a>, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stern_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, it had a population of 3,216,<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (63%), with a <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a> Arab minority (about 35.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-YNET_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YNET-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JishCouncil_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JishCouncil-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jish is the ancient <i>Giscala</i> or <i>Gush Halav</i>, first mentioned in the historical record by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Roman Empire">Roman-Jewish</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, who described it as the home of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gischala" title="John of Gischala">John of Giscala</a> and the last city in the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> to fall to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a> (War 4:93).<sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological excavations uncovered remains from the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> periods;<sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later archaeological finds in Jish include two ancient <a href="/wiki/Synagogues" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogues">synagogues</a>, a unique <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel" title="Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel">rock-cut tombs</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> periods.<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historical sources dating from the 10th-15th centuries describe Jish (<i>Gush Halav</i>) as a village with a strong <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> presence.<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman</a> era, Jish was wholly Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutteroth_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutteroth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 17th century, the village was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945, under <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British rule</a>, Jish had a population of 1,090 with an area of 12,602 dunams. The village was largely depopulated during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> as part of the larger <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a>. After the war Jish was resettled not only by the original inhabitants, who were largely <a href="/wiki/Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite">Maronite</a> Christians, but also by some Maronite Christians who were expelled from the razed villages of <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bir%27im" title="Kafr Bir'im">Kafr Bir'im</a> and some Muslims who were expelled from <a href="/wiki/Dallata" title="Dallata">Dallata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris508_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris508-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AramaicLaStampa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the population of Jish was 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AramaicLaStampa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>Jish is the ancient Giscala.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabic name <i>el-Jish</i> is a variation of the site's ancient name <i>Gush Halav</i> in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Livingstonep63_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livingstonep63-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> literally "block of milk" or "a lump of milk," which may be a reference to either the production of milk and cheese (for which the village has been famous since at least the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a><sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or else to the fertile surroundings, which are well-suited for various forms of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vilnay539_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilnay539-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars believe the name <i>Gush Halav</i> refers to the light color of the local limestone, which contrasts with the dark reddish rock of the neighboring village, <a href="/wiki/Ras_al_Ahmar%E2%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al Ahmar’">Ras al-Ahmar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3></div> <p>Settlement in Jish dates back 3,000 years. The village is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> as <i>Gush Halav</i>, a city "surrounded by walls since the time of <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> Ben Nun" (m. Arakhin 9:6).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelite">Israelite</a> remains from the Early Bronze and Iron Ages have also been found there.<sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_antiquity">Classical antiquity</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gush_Halav" title="Siege of Gush Halav">Siege of Gush Halav</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jish-Gush-Halav-785.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Jish-Gush-Halav-785.jpg/250px-Jish-Gush-Halav-785.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Jish-Gush-Halav-785.jpg/330px-Jish-Gush-Halav-785.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Jish-Gush-Halav-785.jpg/500px-Jish-Gush-Halav-785.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Remains of ancient synagogue, Gush Halav</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical period</a>, the town was known as <i>Gischala</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> transcription of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> name <i>Gush Halav</i>. Both Josephus and later Jewish sources from the Roman-Byzantine period mention the fine <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> for which the village was known.<sup id="cite_ref-Vilnay539_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilnay539-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, the inhabitants also engaged in the production of <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_b._Simeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar b. Simeon">Eleazar b. Simeon</a>, described in the Talmud as a very large man with tremendous physical strength, was a resident of the town. According to one version of events, he was initially buried in Gush Halav but later reinterred in <a href="/wiki/Meron,_Israel" title="Meron, Israel">Meron</a>, next to his father, <a href="/wiki/Shimon_bar_Yochai" title="Shimon bar Yochai">Shimon bar Yochai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-el-Jish/Gush_Halav_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el-Jish/Gush_Halav-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> recorded that <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> lived with his parents in "Giscalis in Judea," which is understood to be Gischala.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fall of <a href="/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla">Gamla</a>, Gush Halav was the last <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> stronghold in the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golan" title="Golan">Golan</a> region during the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">Great Jewish Revolt</a> against Rome (66-73 CE), and the home of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Giscala" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Giscala">John of Giscala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gale_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gale-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meyers_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyers-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two ancient <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a> were discovered at Jish. The first was located at the top of the hill, below the current Maronite Church. The second one was discovered at the foot of the hill, close to a spring; one of its columns is inscribed in Aramaic with the name of a particular "Yose son of Tanhum".<sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This synagogue went through several phases of construction and reconstruction, one destruction being dated by excavator Eric M. Meyers to the <a href="/wiki/551_Beirut_earthquake" title="551 Beirut earthquake">earthquake of 551</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Jewish structures and burial sites dated to the 3rd through 6th centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both Jewish and Christian amulets have also been discovered nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-Safrai_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safrai-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian artifacts from the Byzantine period have been found at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribak_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribak-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to local tradition, two nearby rock-cut tombs contain the graves of 1st century BCE Jewish sages <a href="/wiki/Shmaya_(tanna)" title="Shmaya (tanna)">Shemaiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abtalion" title="Abtalion">Avtalyon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Judaica590_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3></div> <p>Historical sources from the 10th to the 15th centuries describe it as a large Jewish village,<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is mentioned in the 10th century by Arab geographer <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">Al-Muqaddasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Muqaddasi_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Muqaddasi-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish life in the 10th and 11th centuries is attested to by documents in the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Geniza" title="Cairo Geniza">Cairo Geniza</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1172, the Jewish traveler <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_of_Tudela" title="Benjamin of Tudela">Benjamin of Tudela</a> found about 20 Jews living there.<sup id="cite_ref-asher29_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asher29-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ishtori_Haparchi" title="Ishtori Haparchi">Ishtori Haparchi</a> also attended a megilla reading when he visited in 1322.<sup id="cite_ref-el-Jish/Gush_Halav_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el-Jish/Gush_Halav-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (October 2011)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</h3></div> <p>In 1596, Jish appeared in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Defter" title="Defter">tax registers</a> as being in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">Nahiya</a></i> of <i>Jira</i>, of the <a href="/wiki/Liwa_Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwa Safad">Liwa Safad</a>. It had a population of 71 households and 20 bachelors, all <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>. The villagers paid taxes on goats and beehives, but most of its taxes were in the form of a fixed sum: total taxes amounted to around 30,750 <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7e" title="Akçe">akçe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutteroth_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutteroth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the 17th century, the village had been inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, but they later departed from it.<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turkish traveler <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a>, who passed by the village in 1648, wrote:</p><blockquote><p>Then comes the village of Jish, with one hundred houses of accursed believers in the transmigration of souls (<i>tenāsukhi mezhebindén</i>). Yet what beautiful boys and girls they have! And what a climate! Every one of these girls has queenly, gazelle-like, bewitching eyes, which captivate the beholder—an unusual sight.<sup id="cite_ref-Celebi2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Celebi2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a> first settled in Jish during the early 18th century. This may have happened as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Dara" title="Battle of Ain Dara">Battle of Ain Dara</a> (1711), in which the <a href="/wiki/Qays%E2%80%93Yaman_rivalry" title="Qays–Yaman rivalry">Qaysis defeated the Yamanis</a> and drove many of them from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon" title="Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon</a>. Ben-Zvi recorded a local tradition, according to which two families in the village preceded the Maronite immigration; One of them—the Hashouls, the oldest family in the village— were Maronites of Jewish ancestry and were originally known by the name Shaul.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 1837">Galilee earthquake of 1837</a> caused widespread damage and over 200 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three weeks afterward, contemporaries reported "a large rent in the ground...about a foot wide and fifty feet long." All the Galilee villages that were badly damaged at the time, including Jish, were situated on the slopes of steep hills. The presence of old landslides has been observed on aerial photographs. The fact that the village was built on <a href="/wiki/Dip_slope" title="Dip slope">dip slopes</a> consisting of soft bedrock and soil has made it more vulnerable to landslides.<sup id="cite_ref-earthquake_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earthquake-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thomson_(Broughton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Thomson (Broughton)">Andrew Thomson</a>, no houses in Jish were left standing. The church fell, killing 130 people, and the old town walls collapsed. A total of 235 people died, and the ground was left fissured.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-earthquake_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earthquake-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the village was noted as a mixed Muslim and <a href="/wiki/Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite">Maronite</a> village in the Safad district.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the 19th century, Jish was described as a "well-built village of good masonry" with about 600 Christian and 200 Muslim inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Conder_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conder-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A population list from about 1887 showed <i>El Jish</i> to have about 1,935 inhabitants; 975 Christians and 960 Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate">British Mandate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.-JNF028417.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.-JNF028417.jpeg/250px-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.-JNF028417.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.-JNF028417.jpeg/330px-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.-JNF028417.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.-JNF028417.jpeg/500px-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99.-JNF028417.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Jish 1939</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91.-JNF028416.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91.-JNF028416.jpeg/220px-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91.-JNF028416.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91.-JNF028416.jpeg/330px-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91.-JNF028416.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91.-JNF028416.jpeg/440px-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91.-JNF028416.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Jish 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 census of Palestine</a>, Jish had a population of 721–380 Christians and 341 Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christians were classified as 71% <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a> and 29% Greek Catholic (or <a href="/wiki/Melkite" title="Melkite">Melchite</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a>, Jish had 182 inhabited houses and a population of 358 Christians and 397 Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">1945 statistics</a>, Jish had a population of 1,090; 350 Christians and 740 Muslims,<sup id="cite_ref-DoS1945p9_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoS1945p9-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the village spanned 12,602 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a>, mostly Arab-owned.<sup id="cite_ref-Hadawi70_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hadawi70-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this, 1,506 dunums were plantations and irrigable land, 6,656 used for <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while 72 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948_Palestine_war">1948 Palestine war</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> and <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_refugees_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg/338px-Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Background</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">Zionism as settler colonialism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">1948 Nakba</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></b></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></b></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Haifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Haifa">Fall of Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Committee" title="Transfer Committee">Transfer Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN Resolution 194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_Palestinian_place_names" title="Hebraization of Palestinian place names">Hebraization of Palestinian place names</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">List of depopulated towns and villages</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ongoing Nakba</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ongoing_Nakba" title="Ongoing Nakba">Ongoing Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1969_Paraguay_plan" title="1969 Paraguay plan">Paraguay plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Discourse</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_denial" title="Nakba denial">Nakba denial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Law" title="Nakba Law">Nakba Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li>Notable historians:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Masalha" title="Nur Masalha">Nur Masalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Rashid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols and memory</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_key" title="Palestinian key">Palestinian key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handala" title="Handala">Handala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_March_of_Return" class="mw-redirect" title="Great March of Return">Great March of Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Return_(Israel)" title="March of Return (Israel)">March of Return (Israel)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nakba" title="Template:Nakba"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nakba" title="Template talk:Nakba"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nakba" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nakba"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/IDF" class="mw-redirect" title="IDF">Israeli forces</a> captured Jish on 29 October 1948, during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Operation Hiram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris473_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris473-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A massacre was perpetrated by Israeli troops.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Saleh_Abdel_Jawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Abdel Jawad">Saleh Abdel Jawad</a> has estimated "at least 100 fatalities".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> wrote that "the troops apparently murdered about 10 Moroccan POWs (who had served with the Syrian Army) and a number of civilians, including, apparently, four Maronite Christians, and a woman and her baby."<sup id="cite_ref-Morris481_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris481-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Israeli prime minister, <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, ordered an investigation of the deaths<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber226_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber226-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> soldiers were brought to trial,<sup id="cite_ref-Morris345_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris345-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a military investigation concluded with the order that those responsible for the unjustified killings were to be tried 'immediately'.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the residents of Jish were forced to leave the village in 1948 and became <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a> in Lebanon. Some Christians from the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bir%27im" title="Kafr Bir'im">Kafr Bir'im</a> resettled in Jish,<sup id="cite_ref-Morris508_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris508-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AramaicLaStampa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where today they are citizens of Israel, but continue to press for their <a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a> to their former villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris508_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris508-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1950, Israeli forces raided Jish and detained seven suspected smugglers who were stripped, bound, and beaten. They were released without charge.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris167_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris167-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elias_Chacour" title="Elias Chacour">Elias Chacour</a>, now Archbishop of the <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a>, whose family resettled in Jish, wrote that when he was eight years old he discovered a mass grave containing two dozen bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-ChacourHazard2003_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChacourHazard2003-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jish-Gush-Halav-614.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jish-Gush-Halav-614.jpg/220px-Jish-Gush-Halav-614.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jish-Gush-Halav-614.jpg/330px-Jish-Gush-Halav-614.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Jish-Gush-Halav-614.jpg/440px-Jish-Gush-Halav-614.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3385" /></a><figcaption>Mar <a href="/wiki/Maroun" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroun">Maroun</a> Maronite Church in Jish, 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2010, a hiking and bicycle path known as the Coexistence Trail was inaugurated, linking Jish with <a href="/wiki/Dalton,_Israel" title="Dalton, Israel">Dalton</a>, a neighboring Jewish village. The 2,500 meter-long trail, accessible to people with disabilities, sits 850 meters above sea level and has several lookout points, including a view of Dalton Lake, where rainwater is collected and stored for agricultural use.<sup id="cite_ref-jpost_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jish is known for its efforts to revive <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> as a living language. In 2011, the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Education (Israel)">Ministry of Education</a> approved a program to teach the language in Jish elementary schools. Some local <a href="/wiki/Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite">Maronite</a> activists in Jish say that Aramaic is essential to their existence as a people, in the same way that <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> are for Jews and Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AramaicLaStampa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maronites_in_Israel" title="Maronites in Israel">Maronites in Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arameans_in_Israel" title="Arameans in Israel">Arameans in Israel</a></div> <p>Today, 55% of the inhabitants of Jish are <a href="/wiki/Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite">Maronite</a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, 10% percent are <a href="/wiki/Melkites" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkites">Melkites</a> and 35% percent are Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-YNET_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YNET-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JishCouncil_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JishCouncil-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of the village was 3,216. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Profet_Joel_Tomb_in_Jish_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Profet_Joel_Tomb_in_Jish_3.jpg/250px-Profet_Joel_Tomb_in_Jish_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Profet_Joel_Tomb_in_Jish_3.jpg/500px-Profet_Joel_Tomb_in_Jish_3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4028" data-file-height="2798" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of the Prophet Joel in Jish</figcaption></figure> <p>Jish is located in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee" title="Upper Galilee">Upper Galilee</a>, in the Northern district of Israel. The town is close to Mount Meron, the tallest standing mountain of Galilee. Recently, a new road has connected Jish with the nearby Jewish village of Dalton. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_sites_and_shrines">Religious sites and shrines</h2></div> <p>The tombs of <a href="/wiki/Shmaya_(tanna)" title="Shmaya (tanna)">Shmaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abtalion" title="Abtalion">Abtalion</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Zugot" title="Zugot">pair of Jewish sages</a> who taught in Jerusalem in the early 1st century BCE, are located in Jish.<sup id="cite_ref-Vilnay539_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilnay539-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to tradition, the Israelite prophet <a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a> was also buried there.<sup id="cite_ref-jvl_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jvl-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure traditionally believed to be his tomb is situated on the western outskirts of the modern village, and contains several ancient <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel" title="Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel">rock-cut tombs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Christian tradition, the parents of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul">Saint Paul</a> were from Jish.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_of_Giscala" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Giscala">John of Giscala</a>, the son of Levi, was born in Jish. Other churches in Jish are a small Maronite Church that was rebuilt after the <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 1837">1837 earthquake</a> and the Elias Church, the largest in the village, which operates a convent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gush_Halav1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gush_Halav1.jpg/250px-Gush_Halav1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gush_Halav1.jpg/500px-Gush_Halav1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Remains of Gush Halav synagogue</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mausoleum_in_Jish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_Mausoleum_in_Jish.jpg/250px-The_Mausoleum_in_Jish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_Mausoleum_in_Jish.jpg/330px-The_Mausoleum_in_Jish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_Mausoleum_in_Jish.jpg/500px-The_Mausoleum_in_Jish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Mausoleum in Jish</figcaption></figure> <p>Eighteen archaeological sites have been excavated to date in Jish and vicinity. Archaeologists have excavated two <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a> in use since the Roman and Byzantine periods (3rd to 6th centuries CE).<sup id="cite_ref-iaa27_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One synagogue is located at the top of the village and the other east of it.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the remains of the upper synagogue, found by Kitchener of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>, the Melkite Greek Catholic Church of Mar Boutros was built. Jewish-Christian amulets were discovered nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-Safrai_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safrai-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coins indicate that Jish had strong commercial ties with the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a>. On Jish's western slope, a mausoleum was excavated, with stone <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcophagi">sarcophagi</a> similar to those seen at the large Jewish catacomb at <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit She'arim National Park">Beit She'arim National Park</a>. The inner part of the mausoleum contained ten hewn <i>loculi</i>, burial niches known in Hebrew as <i>kokhim</i>. In the mausoleum, archaeologists found several skeletons, oil lamps and a glass bottle dating to the fourth century CE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A network of secret caves and passageways in Jish, some of them located under private homes, is strikingly similar to hideaways in the Judean lowlands used during the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eretz_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eretz-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_synagogues_in_the_Palestine_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient synagogues in the Palestine region">Ancient synagogues in the Palestine region</a> - covers entire <a href="/wiki/Palestine_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine region">Palestine region</a>/<a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_synagogues_in_Israel" title="Ancient synagogues in Israel">Ancient synagogues in Israel</a> - covers the modern <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Jubran" title="Hanna Jubran">Hanna Jubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Joseph" title="Elinor Joseph">Elinor Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Arab localities in Israel">Arab localities in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_displacements_in_Israel_after_1948" title="Population displacements in Israel after 1948">Population displacements in Israel after 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arameans_in_Israel" title="Arameans in Israel">Arameans in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahal_Gush_Halav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahal Gush Halav (page does not exist)">Nahal Gush Halav</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv">"Regional Statistics"</a>. <i>Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fen%2Fsettlements%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fmode%3DYeshuv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, 1881, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/76/mode/1up">76 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/225/mode/1up">225</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stern_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoav_Stern2007" class="citation news cs1">Yoav Stern (30 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/887800.html">"Galilee villages launch campaign to attract Christian pilgrims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Galilee+villages+launch+campaign+to+attract+Christian+pilgrims&rft.date=2007-07-30&rft.au=Yoav+Stern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F887800.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YNET-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YNET_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YNET_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">YNET <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3994394,00.html">[1]</a> <i>On the slopes of a hill, at an elevation of 860 meters surrounded by cherry orchards, pears and apples, built houses, especially church building looks from afar. Number of inhabitants 3,000 divided by 55% Maronite Christian, 30% Greek Catholics and the rest are Muslims.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JishCouncil-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JishCouncil_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JishCouncil_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185309/http://www.jish.org.il/Odot/Pages/populations.aspx">"Population"</a> (in Hebrew). Jish local council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jish.org.il/Odot/Pages/populations.aspx">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population&rft.pub=Jish+local+council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jish.org.il%2FOdot%2FPages%2Fpopulations.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Judaica590-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judaica590_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia Judaica,</i> Jerusalem, 1978, "Giscala," vol. 7, 590</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaa27-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaa27_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?id=50&subject_id=6&site_id=27">Projects - Preservation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hutteroth-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hutteroth_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutteroth_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris508-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris508_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris508_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris508_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2004, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA508">508</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AramaicLaStampa-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AramaicLaStampa_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041502/http://www.lastampa.it/2011/09/24/vaticaninsider/eng/inquiries-and-interviews/the-aramaic-language-is-being-resurrected-in-israel-pG9kbbBbAh76xMSb0vDD5J/pagina.html">"The Aramaic language is being resurrected in Israel"</a>. Vatican Insider - <a href="/wiki/La_Stampa" title="La Stampa">La Stampa</a>. 24 September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/inquiries-and-interviews/detail/articolo/aramaico-aramaic-arameo-8321/">the original</a> on 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Aramaic+language+is+being+resurrected+in+Israel&rft.pub=Vatican+Insider+-+La+Stampa&rft.date=2011-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvaticaninsider.lastampa.it%2Fen%2Finquiries-and-interviews%2Fdetail%2Farticolo%2Faramaico-aramaic-arameo-8321%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hulot & Rabot, "Actes de la societé géographie," Seance du 6 décembre 1907, La Géographie, Volume 17, Paris, 1908, page 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livingstonep63-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Livingstonep63_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_A._Livingstone1989" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth A. Livingstone (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DxzFzzGZWbIC&q=jish+arabic+gischala&pg=PA63"><i>Papers Presented to the Tenth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford, 1987: Historica, theologica, gnostica, Biblica et Apocrypha</i></a>. Peeters Publishers. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6831231-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6831231-7"><bdi>978-90-6831231-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papers+Presented+to+the+Tenth+International+Conference+on+Patristic+Studies+Held+in+Oxford%2C+1987%3A+Historica%2C+theologica%2C+gnostica%2C+Biblica+et+Apocrypha&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-90-6831231-7&rft.au=Elizabeth+A.+Livingstone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDxzFzzGZWbIC%26q%3Djish%2Barabic%2Bgischala%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vilnay539-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vilnay539_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vilnay539_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vilnay539_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Guide to Israel</i>, <a href="/wiki/Zev_Vilnay" title="Zev Vilnay">Zev Vilnay</a>, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 539.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">The Mishnah</a></i>, (ed.) <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Danby" title="Herbert Danby">Herbert Danby</a>, <i>Arakhin</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/DanbyMishnah#page/n581">9:6 (p. 553 - note 9)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-el-Jish/Gush_Halav-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-el-Jish/Gush_Halav_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-el-Jish/Gush_Halav_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425112025/http://www.adventure-tours-israel.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=490:2010-10-12-13-18-30&catid=48:2010-10-12-07-50-50&Itemid=224&lang=en">"el-Jish/Gush Halav"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventure-tours-israel.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=490:2010-10-12-13-18-30&catid=48:2010-10-12-07-50-50&Itemid=224&lang=en">the original</a> on 2012-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=el-Jish%2FGush+Halav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventure-tours-israel.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D490%3A2010-10-12-13-18-30%26catid%3D48%3A2010-10-12-07-50-50%26Itemid%3D224%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pesikta_de-Rav_Kahana" title="Pesikta de-Rav Kahana">Pesikta de-Rav Kahana</a> (1949), p. 94a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMachen1921" class="citation book cs1">Machen, John Gresham (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originpaulsreli01machgoog"><i>The Origin of Paul's Religion</i></a>. New York: The MacMillan Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originpaulsreli01machgoog/page/n60">44</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Paul%27s+Religion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=The+MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Machen&rft.aufirst=John+Gresham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginpaulsreli01machgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJerome" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>. "5. Paul". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2708.htm"><i>De Viris Illustribus</i></a> [<i>On Illustrious Men</i>]. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cushing_Richardson" title="Ernest Cushing Richardson">Richardson, Ernest Cushing</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>. <q>Paul...was of the tribe of Benjamin and the town of Giscalis in Judea. When this was taken by the Romans he removed with his parents to Tarsus in Cilicia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+Paul&rft.btitle=De+Viris+Illustribus&rft.au=Jerome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F2708.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJerome" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223170331/http://www.mlat.uzh.ch/MLS/xfromcc.php?tabelle=Hieronymus_Stridonensis_cps2&rumpfid=Hieronymus_Stridonensis_cps2,%20Commentaria%20in%20Epistolam%20ad%20Philemonem,%20%20%20%20%20p2"><i>Commentaria in Epistolam ad Philemonem</i></a> [<i>Commentary on the Epistle to Philemon</i>] (in Latin). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlat.uzh.ch/MLS/xfromcc.php?tabelle=Hieronymus_Stridonensis_cps2&rumpfid=Hieronymus_Stridonensis_cps2,%20Commentaria%20in%20Epistolam%20ad%20Philemonem,%20%20%20%20%20p2">the original</a> on 23 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>. <q>Aiunt parentes apostoli Pauli de Gyscalis regione fuisse Iudaeae</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentaria+in+Epistolam+ad+Philemonem&rft.au=Jerome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlat.uzh.ch%2FMLS%2Fxfromcc.php%3Ftabelle%3DHieronymus_Stridonensis_cps2%26rumpfid%3DHieronymus_Stridonensis_cps2%2C%2520Commentaria%2520in%2520Epistolam%2520ad%2520Philemonem%2C%2520%2520%2520%2520%2520p2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gale-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gale_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x8LRPQp_-y8C&pg=PA68">Redefining ancient borders: The Jewish scribal framework of Matthew's Gospel, Aaron M. Gale</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyers-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meyers_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-vWh51B1AMC&pg=PA22"><i>Excavations at the ancient synagogue of Gush Ḥalav</i>, Eric M. Meyers, Carol L. Meyers, James F. Strange</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHachlili2013" class="citation book cs1">Hachlili, Rachel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jRjhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA588">"Dating of the Upper Galilee Synagogues"</a>. <i>Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research</i>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1, Ancient Near East; vol. 105 = Handbuch der Orientalistik. BRILL. pp. 586, 588. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25772-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25772-6"><bdi>978-90-04-25772-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dating+of+the+Upper+Galilee+Synagogues&rft.btitle=Ancient+Synagogues+-+Archaeology+and+Art%3A+New+Discoveries+and+Current+Research&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies.+Section+1%2C+Ancient+Near+East%3B+vol.+105+%3D+Handbuch+der+Orientalistik&rft.pages=586%2C+588&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25772-6&rft.aulast=Hachlili&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjRjhAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Safrai-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Safrai_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Safrai_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ-1OsGWvw8C&pg=PA14">The missing century: Palestine in the fifth century: growth and decline, Zeev Safrai</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ribak-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ribak_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEliya_Ribak2007" class="citation book cs1">Eliya Ribak (2007). <i>Religious Communities in Byzantine Palestina</i>. BAR International Series 1646. Oxford: Archaeopress. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0080-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0080-1"><bdi>978-1-4073-0080-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Communities+in+Byzantine+Palestina&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=BAR+International+Series+1646&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4073-0080-1&rft.au=Eliya+Ribak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Muqaddasi-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Al-Muqaddasi_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-Muqaddasi1885" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">Al-Muqaddasi</a> (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028534265#page/n56/mode/1up"><i>Description of Syria</i></a>. Translated by Le Strange, Guy. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Syria&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1885&rft.au=Al-Muqaddasi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924028534265%23page%2Fn56%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asher29-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asher29_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFA._Asherc._1840" class="citation book cs1">A. Asher (c. 1840). <i>The Itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela</i>. Vol. 1. NY: Hakesheth. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Itinerary+of+Rabbi+Benjamin+of+Tudela&rft.place=NY&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Hakesheth&rft.au=A.+Asher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span> This passage is not present in the edition of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFM._N._Adler1907" class="citation book cs1">M. N. Adler (1907). <i>The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela</i>. London: Oxford University Press. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Itinerary+of+Benjamin+of+Tudela&rft.place=London&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1907&rft.au=M.+N.+Adler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that Rhode, 1979, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century">6</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031504/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century">Archived</a> 2019-04-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Celebi2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Celebi2_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephan_H._Stephan1935" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Hanna_Stephan" title="Stephan Hanna Stephan">Stephan H. Stephan</a> (1935). "Evliya Tshelebi's Travels in Palestine, II". <i>The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine</i>. <b>4</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.56294/2015.56294.Quarterly-Of-The-Department-Of-Antiquities-In-Palestine-Vol4#page/n286/mode/1up">154</a>–164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+of+the+Department+of+Antiquities+in+Palestine&rft.atitle=Evliya+Tshelebi%27s+Travels+in+Palestine%2C+II.&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=154-164&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Stephan+H.+Stephan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFבן-צבי1966" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">בן-צבי, יצחק</a> (1966). <i>שאר ישוב</i> [<i>She'ar Yishuv - The Remnant of the Yishuv</i>] (in Hebrew) (2nd ed.). Jerusalem: <a href="/wiki/Yad_Ben_Zvi" title="Yad Ben Zvi">Yad Ben Zvi</a> יד בן צבי. pp. <span class="nowrap">103–</span>104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yad+Ben+Zvi+%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%91%D7%9F+%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=%D7%91%D7%9F-%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99&rft.aufirst=%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earthquake-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earthquake_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earthquake_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zadok.org/research/1927/landslides.html">Damage Caused By Landslides During the Earthquakes of 1837 and 1927 in the Galilee Region</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/368/mode/1up">368</a>-369</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/134/mode/1up">134</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conder-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conder_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/198/mode/1up">198</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schumacher, 1888, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n214/mode/1up">189</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Safad, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n43/mode/1up">41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n53/mode/1up">51</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, 1932, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas">107</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoS1945p9-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoS1945p9_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of Statistics, 1945, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p09.jpg">09</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hadawi70-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hadawi70_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Safad/Page-070.jpg">70</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Safad/Page-119.jpg">119</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Safad/Page-169.jpg">169</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris473-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris473_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2004, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA473">473</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Abdel_Jawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Abdel Jawad">Saleh Abdel Jawad</a>, 2007, <i>Zionist Massacres: the Creation of the Palestinian Refugee Problem in the 1948 War</i>. "Indiscriminate killings and killings of prisoners occur. Sources emphasise different details, but agree that civilians and fighters who had surrendered are rounded up and killed. Those killed include four Maronite Christians, a woman and her baby, ten Morrocan prisoners, and surrendered soldiers. There are at least 100 fatalities (author's estimate)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Abdel_Jawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Abdel Jawad">Saleh Abdel Jawad</a>, 2007, <i>Zionist Massacres: the Creation of the Palestinian Refugee Problem in the 1948 War</i>. "Indiscriminate killings and killings of prisoners occur. Sources emphasise different details, but agree that civilians and fighters who had surrendered are rounded up and killed. Those killed include four Maronite Christians, a woman and her baby, ten Morrocan prisoners, and surrendered soldiers. There are at least 100 fatalities (author's estimate)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris481-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris481_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2004, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA481">481</a>, citing Israeli sources but noting their lack of clarity</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelber226-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gelber226_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, 2001, p.226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris345-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris345_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2004" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny (2004). <i>The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem revisited</i>. Cambridge Middle East studies (2. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 487.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+birth+of+the+Palestinian+refugee+problem+revisited&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Cambridge+Middle+East+studies&rft.pages=487&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris167-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris167_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 1993, p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChacourHazard2003-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChacourHazard2003_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElias_ChacourDavid_Hazard2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Chacour" title="Elias Chacour">Elias Chacour</a>; David Hazard (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodbrothersexp00elia"><i>Blood Brothers</i></a></span>. Chosen Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodbrothersexp00elia/page/n58">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8007-9321-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8007-9321-0"><bdi>978-0-8007-9321-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+Brothers&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Chosen+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8007-9321-0&rft.au=Elias+Chacour&rft.au=David+Hazard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbloodbrothersexp00elia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpost_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/GreenIsrael/PEOPLEANDTHEENVIRONMENT/Article.aspx?id=201417">Galilee Coexistence Trail Inaugurated</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Post">Jerusalem Post</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jvl-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jvl_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/Gush_HaLav.html">Gush Halav</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cinamon, G. (2013). Gush Halav. <i>Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel/חדשות ארכיאולוגיות: חפירות וסקרים בישראל</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-vWh51B1AMC&dq=st.+paul+gush+halav&pg=PA22">Galilee villages launch campaign to attract Christian pilgrims</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C._R._Conder" class="mw-redirect" title="C. R. Conder">Conder</a> and <a href="/wiki/HH_Kitchener" class="mw-redirect" title="HH Kitchener">Kitchener</a> (1881), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/224/mode/1up">224</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eretz-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eretz_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eretz.com/NEW/article/jish.html">ERETZ Magazine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarron,_J.B.1923" class="citation book cs1">Barron, J.B., ed. 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Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+Report+and+General+Abstracts+of+the+Census+of+1922&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConderKitchener1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C.R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener, H.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Topography%2C+Orography%2C+Hydrography%2C+and+Archaeology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+H.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp01conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Gelber, Y.</a> (2001), <i>Palestine 1948</i>, Sussex Academic Press</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGetzov2010" class="citation journal cs1">Getzov, Nimrod (2010-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1604&mag_id=117">"Gush Halav Final Report"</a> (122). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gush+Halav+Final+Report&rft.issue=122&rft.date=2010-12-23&rft.aulast=Getzov&rft.aufirst=Nimrod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D1604%26mag_id%3D117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1880" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Guérin, V.</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique+Historique+et+Arch%C3%A9ologique+de+la+Palestine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptiongogr00gugoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span> (p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n112/mode/2up">94</a> ff)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html"><i>Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</i></a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Palestine+Liberation+Organization+Research+Center&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartal2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hartal, Moshe (2006-09-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=411&mag_id=111">"Gush Halav (A) Final Report"</a> (118). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gush+Halav+%28A%29+Final+Report&rft.issue=118&rft.date=2006-09-06&rft.aulast=Hartal&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D411%26mag_id%3D111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartal2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hartal, Moshe (2006-11-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=435&mag_id=111">"Gush Halav (B) Final Report"</a> (118). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gush+Halav+%28B%29+Final+Report&rft.issue=118&rft.date=2006-11-09&rft.aulast=Hartal&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D435%26mag_id%3D111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartal2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hartal, Moshe (2006-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=443&mag_id=111">"Gush Halav (C) Final Report"</a> (118). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gush+Halav+%28C%29+Final+Report&rft.issue=118&rft.date=2006-11-19&rft.aulast=Hartal&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D443%26mag_id%3D111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</i></a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2"><bdi>3-920405-41-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=3-920405-41-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMills,_E.1932" class="citation book cs1">Mills, E., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, B.</a> (1993). <i>Israel's Border Wars, 1949 - 1956. Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-827850-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-827850-0"><bdi>0-19-827850-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Border+Wars%2C+1949+-+1956.+Arab+Infiltration%2C+Israeli+Retaliation%2C+and+the+Countdown+to+the+Suez+War&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-827850-0&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, B.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6"><bdi>978-0-521-00967-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Palestinian+Refugee+Problem+Revisited&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00967-6&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuM_kFX6edX8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMukaddasi1886" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">Mukaddasi</a> (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534265"><i>Description of Syria, including Palestine</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Pilgrims%27_Text_Society" title="Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society">Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Syria%2C+including+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society&rft.date=1886&rft.au=Mukaddasi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028534265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer, E.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Arabic+and+English+Name+Lists+Collected+During+the+Survey+by+Lieutenants+Conder+and+Kitchener%2C+R.+E.+Transliterated+and+Explained+by+E.H.+Palmer&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp00conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPesikta_de-Rav_Kahana1949" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Pesikta_de-Rav_Kahana" title="Pesikta de-Rav Kahana">Pesikta de-Rav Kahana</a> (1949). <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Buber" title="Salomon Buber">Salomon Buber</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daat.ac.il/daat/vl/psiktakahana/psiktakahana11.pdf"><i>(Pesiqata Derav Kahana)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Hebrew). New York. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/232694058">232694058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%28Pesiqata+Derav+Kahana%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F232694058&rft.au=Pesikta+de-Rav+Kahana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daat.ac.il%2Fdaat%2Fvl%2Fpsiktakahana%2Fpsiktakahana11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span> (reprinted in 1980)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRhode1979" class="citation thesis cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Rhode" title="Harold Rhode">Rhode, H.</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century"><i>Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century</i></a> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2026845">the original</a> on 2020-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Administration+and+Population+of+the+Sancak+of+Safed+in+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.inst=Columbia+University&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Rhode&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2026845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonSmith1841" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Robinson, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eli_Smith" title="Eli Smith">Smith, E.</a> (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft"><i>Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838</i></a>. Vol. 3. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Crocker_%26_Brewster" title="Crocker & Brewster">Crocker & Brewster</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Researches+in+Palestine%2C+Mount+Sinai+and+Arabia+Petraea%3A+A+Journal+of+Travels+in+the+year+1838&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Crocker+%26+Brewster&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Smith%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiblicalresearch03robiuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchumacher1888" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Schumacher" title="Gottlieb Schumacher">Schumacher, G.</a> (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale">"Population list of the Liwa of Akka"</a>. <i>Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. <b>20</b>: <span class="nowrap">169–</span>191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Statement+-+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Population+list+of+the+Liwa+of+Akka&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E191&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquarterlystateme19pale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephan,_Stephan_H.1937" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Hanna_Stephan" title="Stephan Hanna Stephan">Stephan, Stephan H.</a> (1937). "Evliya Tshelebi's Travels in Palestine, IV". <i>The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine</i>. <b>6</b>: <span class="nowrap">84–</span>97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+of+the+Department+of+Antiquities+in+Palestine&rft.atitle=Evliya+Tshelebi%27s+Travels+in+Palestine%2C+IV&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E84-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=1937&rft.au=Stephan%2C+Stephan+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJish" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jish.org.il/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527236#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1393009">Jish</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Jish__Gush_Halav__1231/index.html">Welcome To Jish (Gush Halav)</a></li> <li>Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8367">IAA</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.04.jpg">Wikimedia commons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chromeyellow.blogspot.co.il/2013/08/going-back-for-wonderful-figs-of-gush.html">Gush Halav Synagogue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbs.bh.org.il/he/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A3-%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95-%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98-%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%A8-%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94-%D7%94-3-%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7-%D7%91%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9-%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94">A lintel with an eagle relief from the 3rd century CE in the ancient synagogue in Gush Halav</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manar-al-athar.ox.ac.uk/pages/collections_featured.php?parent=6321">Photos of the Gush Halav synagogue and church</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Manar_al-Athar" title="Manar al-Athar">Manar al-Athar</a> photo archive</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="Kafr Bara">Kafr Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemer" title="Zemer">Zemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%27ara" title="Ar'ara">Ar'ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ara" title="'Ara">'Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baqa-Jatt" title="Baqa-Jatt">Baqa-Jatt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basma" title="Basma">Basma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barta%27a" title="Barta'a">Barta'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_as-Sahla" title="Ein as-Sahla">Ein as-Sahla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya,_Basma" title="Mu'awiya, Basma">Mu'awiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmel_City" title="Carmel City">Carmel City</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fureidis" title="Fureidis">Fureidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_HaCarmel_Regional_Council" title="Hof HaCarmel Regional Council">Hof HaCarmel Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hawd" title="Ein Hawd">Ein Hawd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfiya" title="Isfiya">Isfiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatt,_Israel" title="Jatt, Israel">Jatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jisr_az-Zarqa" title="Jisr az-Zarqa">Jisr az-Zarqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qara" title="Kafr Qara">Kafr Qara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Ma'ale Iron">Ma'ale Iron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayada,_Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Bayada, Ma'ale Iron">Bayada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musmus" title="Musmus">Musmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musheirifa" title="Musheirifa">Musheirifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Salem, Ma'ale Iron">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalafa" title="Zalafa">Zalafa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menashe_Regional_Council" title="Menashe Regional Council">Menashe Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Arian" title="Al-Arian">Al-Arian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiser" title="Meiser">Meiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Qutuf" title="Umm al-Qutuf">Umm al-Qutuf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Regional_Council" title="Zevulun Regional Council">Zevulun Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibtin" title="Ibtin">Ibtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaled" title="Khawaled">Khawaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Ali" title="Ras Ali">Ras Ali</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghosh" title="Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jimal" title="Beit Jimal">Beit Jimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Safafa" title="Beit Safafa">Beit Safafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Yehuda_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Yehuda Regional Council">Mateh Yehuda Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Naqquba" title="Ein Naqquba">Ein Naqquba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Rafa" title="Ein Rafa">Ein Rafa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tor" title="Abu Tor">Abu Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isawiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Isawiya">Isawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabel_Mukaber" title="Jabel Mukaber">Jabel Mukaber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Amud" title="Ras al-Amud">Ras al-Amud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuafat" title="Shuafat">Shuafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silwan" title="Silwan">Silwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Baher" title="Sur Baher">Sur Baher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tur_(Mount_of_Olives)" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Tur (Mount of Olives)">At-Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Tuba" title="Umm Tuba">Umm Tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Joz" title="Wadi al-Joz">Wadi al-Joz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Akbara" title="'Akbara">'Akbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Snan" title="Abu Snan">Abu Snan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batuf_Regional_Council" title="Al-Batuf Regional Council">Al-Batuf Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamaam,_Israel" title="Hamaam, Israel">Hamaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumana,_Israel" title="Rumana, Israel">Rumana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumat_al-Heib" title="Rumat al-Heib">Rumat al-Heib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzeir" title="Uzeir">Uzeir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitegen">Beitegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Maksur" title="Bir al-Maksur">Bir al-Maksur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%27eine_Nujeidat" title="Bu'eine Nujeidat">Bu'eine Nujeidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_al-Marj_Regional_Council" title="Bustan al-Marj Regional Council">Bustan al-Marj Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Dahi">Ed Dahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Misr" title="Kafr Misr">Kafr Misr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulam" title="Sulam">Sulam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daburiyya" title="Daburiyya">Daburiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Asad" title="Deir al-Asad">Deir al-Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hanna" title="Deir Hanna">Deir Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="Eilabun">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassuta" title="Fassuta">Fassuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muqeible" title="Muqeible">Muqeible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%27ura" title="Na'ura">Na'ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandala_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandala (town)">Sandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra,_Galilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamra, Galilee">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibe,_Galilee" title="Taibe, Galilee">Taibe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurfeish" title="Hurfeish">Hurfeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27billin" title="I'billin">I'billin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeidi-Makr" title="Jadeidi-Makr">Jadeidi-Makr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manshiya_Zabda" title="Manshiya Zabda">Manshiya Zabda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suweid_Hamira" title="Suweid Hamira">Suweid Hamira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis" title="Julis">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre" title="Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre">Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Israel" title="Kabul, Israel">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab Abu al-Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisra-Sumei" title="Kisra-Sumei">Kisra-Sumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghar,_Israel" title="Maghar, Israel">Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="Majd al-Krum">Majd al-Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Asher_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Asher Regional Council">Mateh Asher Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Aramshe" title="Arab al-Aramshe">Arab al-Aramshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Danun" title="Sheikh Danun">Sheikh Danun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazra%27a" title="Mazra'a">Mazra'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merom_HaGalil_Regional_Council" title="Merom HaGalil Regional Council">Merom HaGalil Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_al-Asad" title="Ein al-Asad">Ein al-Asad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Regional_Council" title="Misgav Regional Council">Misgav Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Na%27im" title="Arab al-Na'im">Arab al-Na'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdon" title="Hamdon">Hamdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmeide" title="Dmeide">Dmeide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussniyya" title="Hussniyya">Hussniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamanneh" title="Kamanneh">Kamanneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ein" title="Ras al-Ein">Ras al-Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallama" title="Sallama">Sallama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahf" title="Nahf">Nahf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peki%27in" title="Peki'in">Peki'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajur" title="Sajur">Sajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ab,_Israel" title="Sha'ab, Israel">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaghur,_Israel" title="Shaghur, Israel">Shaghur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli%E2%80%93Umm_al-Ghanam" title="Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam">Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba-Zangariyye" title="Tuba-Zangariyye">Tuba-Zangariyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur%27an" title="Tur'an">Tur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanuh-Jat" title="Yanuh-Jat">Yanuh-Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarka" title="Yarka">Yarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzir" title="Zarzir">Zarzir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Golan_Heights" title="Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights">occupied</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buq%27ata" title="Buq'ata">Buq'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniyye" title="Ein Qiniyye">Ein Qiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghajar" title="Ghajar">Ghajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ade" title="Mas'ade">Mas'ade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abu_Basma_Regional_Council" title="Abu Basma Regional Council">Abu Basma Regional Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%27arat_an-Naqab" title="Ar'arat an-Naqab">Ar'arat an-Naqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasom_Regional_Council" title="Al-Kasom Regional Council">Al-Kasom Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid,_Israel" title="Al-Sayyid, Israel">al-Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drijat" title="Drijat">Drijat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukhleh" title="Kukhleh">Kukhleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhul" title="Makhul">Makhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulada" title="Mulada">Mulada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirabin_al-Sana" title="Tirabin al-Sana">Tirabin al-Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Batin" title="Umm Batin">Umm Batin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hura" title="Hura">Hura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuseife" title="Kuseife">Kuseife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Midbar_Regional_Council" title="Neve Midbar Regional Council">Neve Midbar Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talul" title="Abu Talul">Abu Talul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qrenat" title="Abu Qrenat">Abu Qrenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Hadaj" title="Bir Hadaj">Bir Hadaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Sir" title="Qasr al-Sir">Qasr al-Sir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakiya" title="Lakiya">Lakiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqib_al-Salam" title="Shaqib al-Salam">Shaqib al-Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Sheva" title="Tel Sheva">Tel Sheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_Bedouin_villages_in_Israel" title="Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel">Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad,_Israel" title="Tel Arad, Israel">Tel Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Hiran" title="Umm al-Hiran">Umm al-Hiran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_cities" title="Mixed cities">Mixed cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbas,_Haifa" title="Abbas, Haifa">Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halisa" title="Halisa">Halisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kababir" title="Kababir">Kababir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajami,_Jaffa" title="Ajami, Jaffa">Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Aliyah" title="Giv'at Aliyah">Giv'at Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Jaffa" title="Old Jaffa">Old Jaffa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li>Cooperative village <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Shalom" title="Neve Shalom">Neve Shalom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/17px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/26px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/34px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Category:Arab localities in Israel">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northern_District_of_Israel182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Template:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Template talk:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northern_District_of_Israel182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_council_(Israel)" title="City council (Israel)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghar,_Israel" title="Maghar, Israel">Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_District_in_Israel_(%2Bdisputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/50px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/75px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/100px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Snan" title="Abu Snan">Abu Snan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmat_Tab%27un" title="Basmat Tab'un">Basmat Tab'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitegen">Beitegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Maksur" title="Bir al-Maksur">Bir al-Maksur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%27eine_Nujeidat" title="Bu'eine Nujeidat">Bu'eine Nujeidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daburiyya" title="Daburiyya">Daburiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Asad" title="Deir al-Asad">Deir al-Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hanna" title="Deir Hanna">Deir Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="Eilabun">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassuta" title="Fassuta">Fassuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurfeish" title="Hurfeish">Hurfeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzor_HaGlilit" title="Hatzor HaGlilit">Hatzor HaGlilit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27billin" title="I'billin">I'billin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeidi-Makr" title="Jadeidi-Makr">Jadeidi-Makr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis" title="Julis">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre" title="Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre">Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Israel" title="Kabul, Israel">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab Abu al-Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Kama" title="Kfar Kama">Kfar Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Tavor" title="Kfar Tavor">Kfar Tavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Vradim" title="Kfar Vradim">Kfar Vradim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisra-Sumei" title="Kisra-Sumei">Kisra-Sumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="Majd al-Krum">Majd al-Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazra%27a" title="Mazra'a">Mazra'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metula" title="Metula">Metula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal,_Israel" title="Migdal, Israel">Migdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahf" title="Nahf">Nahf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peki%27in" title="Peki'in">Peki'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Yishai" title="Ramat Yishai">Ramat Yishai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Pinna" title="Rosh Pinna">Rosh Pinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajur" title="Sajur">Sajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ab,_Israel" title="Sha'ab, Israel">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomi,_Israel" title="Shlomi, Israel">Shlomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli%E2%80%93Umm_al-Ghanam" title="Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam">Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba-Zangariyye" title="Tuba-Zangariyye">Tuba-Zangariyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur%27an" title="Tur'an">Tur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanuh-Jat" title="Yanuh-Jat">Yanuh-Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarka" title="Yarka">Yarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne%27el" title="Yavne'el">Yavne'el</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesud_HaMa%27ala" title="Yesud HaMa'ala">Yesud HaMa'ala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzir" title="Zarzir">Zarzir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buq%27ata" title="Buq'ata">Buq'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniyye" title="Ein Qiniyye">Ein Qiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghajar" title="Ghajar">Ghajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ade" title="Mas'ade">Mas'ade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzrin" title="Katzrin">Katzrin</a> (Israeli settlement)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">Regional councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batuf_Regional_Council" title="Al-Batuf Regional Council">Al-Batuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaMaayanot_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council">Beit She'an Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_al-Marj_Regional_Council" title="Bustan al-Marj Regional Council">Bustan al-Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaYarden_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaYarden Regional Council">Northern Jordan Valley (Emek HaYarden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Lower Galilee Regional Council">Lower Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Yosef_Regional_Council" title="Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council">Ma'ale Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Asher_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Asher Regional Council">Mateh Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megiddo_Regional_Council" title="Megiddo Regional Council">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merom_HaGalil_Regional_Council" title="Merom HaGalil Regional Council">Merom HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevo%27ot_HaHermon_Regional_Council" title="Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council">Mevo'ot HaHermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Regional_Council" title="Misgav Regional Council">Misgav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Upper Galilee Regional Council">Upper Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Regional_Council" title="Golan Regional Council">Golan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527236#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata856" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527236#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata856" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527236#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147879322">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1256026/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhRKGvWXfvkJ6YpCgjpyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4285910-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90687560">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007567503805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Towns_and_fortresses_destroyed_during_the_First_Jewish–Roman_War_by_region136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #C0A0F0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Towns_depopulated_during_the_First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="Template:Towns depopulated during the First Jewish–Roman War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Towns_depopulated_during_the_First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="Template talk:Towns depopulated during the First Jewish–Roman War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Towns_depopulated_during_the_First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Towns depopulated during the First Jewish–Roman War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Towns_and_fortresses_destroyed_during_the_First_Jewish–Roman_War_by_region136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Towns and fortresses destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #C0A0F0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judaea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipatris#History" title="Antipatris">Aphek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nattif" title="Bayt Nattif">Bayt Lettif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bir_ed-Duwali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bir ed-Duwali (page does not exist)">Bir ed-Duwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caphethra" class="mw-redirect" title="Caphethra">Caphethra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi_(archaeological_site)" title="Ein Gedi (archaeological site)">Ein Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasa_(Judaea)" title="Gerasa (Judaea)">Gerasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodium" title="Herodium">Herodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydda">Lydda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #C0A0F0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perea" title="Perea">Perea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth-nimrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth-nimrah">Beth-nimrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livias" title="Livias">Livias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machaerus" title="Machaerus">Machaerus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #C0A0F0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bersabe" title="Bersabe">Bersabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabul" title="Cabul">Cabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Gabara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gush Halav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnith" title="Jamnith">Jamnith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Japha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yodfat" title="Yodfat">Jodapatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selamin" title="Selamin">Selamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarichaea" title="Tarichaea">Tarichaea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magdala" title="Magdala">Magdala</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #C0A0F0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Golan" title="Golan">Golan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla">Gamla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #C0A0F0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrium" title="Alexandrium">Alexandrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamna_(Samaria)" class="mw-redirect" 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