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Doch welche waren eigentlich die allerersten Top-Level-Domains?" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.inwx.de/blog/erste-top-level-domains/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="de_DE" /><meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="en_GB" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Die ersten Top-Level-Domains – Domain-Geschichte Teil 1" /><meta property="og:description" content="Es gibt mittlerweile tausende Domain-Endungen. Doch welche waren eigentlich die allerersten Top-Level-Domains?" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.inwx.de/blog/erste-top-level-domains/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="INWX BLOG" /><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/InterNetworX" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-08-20T04:34:21+00:00" /><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-02-11T15:06:44+00:00" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-tld.jpg" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1400" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="787" /><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /><meta name="author" content="Sonja Sander" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Die ersten Top-Level-Domains – Domain-Geschichte Teil 1" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Es gibt mittlerweile tausende Domain-Endungen. 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format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-domains-de" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope><div class="inside-article"><div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1400" height="787" src="https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-tld.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-tld.jpg 1400w, https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-tld-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-tld-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-tld-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px" /></div><header class="entry-header" aria-label="Inhalt"><h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Die ersten Top-Level-Domains – Domain-Geschichte Teil 1</h1><div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-11T16:06:44+01:00" itemprop="dateModified">11. Februar 2025</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-08-20T06:34:21+02:00" itemprop="datePublished">20. August 2023</time></span> <span class="byline">von <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.inwx.de/blog/author/ssander/" title="Alle Beiträge von Sonja Sander anzeigen" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Sonja Sander</span></a></span></span></div></header><div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"><p>Seit der Einführung des Domain Name Systems sind tausende Domain-Endungen entstanden. Doch welche waren eigentlich die ersten Top-Level-Domains (TLDs)?</p><p>In diesem Artikel gehen wir den Ursprüngen der TLDs einmal auf den Grund.</p><p>Im Gegensatz zur weitverbreiteten Annahme war die .COM-Endung tatsächlich nicht die Erste. Sondern eine andere oft übersehene TLD:</p><p>Die erste Top-Level-Domain war .ARPA, die heutige Infrastruktur-Domain. Sie diente 1984 als Übergangslösung, bevor die ersten sechs öffentlich verfügbaren TLDs Anfang 1985 einsatzbereit waren: .COM, .ORG, .EDU, .GOV, .MIL und .NET.</p><p>Mehr dazu erfährst Du im Folgenden.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="die-geschichte-der-ersten-topleveldomains">Die Geschichte der ersten Top-Level-Domains</h2><p>Bei diesem Artikel handelt es sich um Teil 1 unserer Reihe über die Geschichte der Domain. Im Folgenden ein kurzer geschichtlicher Überblick zu den wichtigsten Entwicklungen:</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li>1968 – Start des ARPANET</li><li>1971 – Einführung der E-Mail</li><li>1984-85 – Das DNS und die ersten Top-Level-Domains werden eingeführt (Teil 1)</li><li>1985 – <a href="https://www.inwx.de/blog/erste-domains-der-welt/">Die ersten Domains werden registriert (Teil 2)</a></li><li>1991 – <a href="https://www.inwx.de/blog/allererste-website-domain/">Die erste Website entsteht (Teil 3)</a></li></ul><p>Auf der folgenden Grafik siehst Du den Ablauf der Einrichtung der ersten TLDs in der Übersicht:</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-top-level-domains-1024x576.jpg" alt="Die ersten Top Level Domains: .ARPA, .COM und Co. und .US " class="wp-image-1078" srcset="https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-top-level-domains-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-top-level-domains-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-top-level-domains-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.inwx.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/erste-top-level-domains.jpg 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="die-allererste-topleveldomain-der-welt">Die allererste Top-Level-Domain der Welt</h2><p>Dass die .ARPA-Endung heute weniger bekannt ist, liegt vor allem daran, dass sie nie eine gewöhnliche Domain-Endung war. Sie wurde als Übergangslösung erschaffen als der Vorläufer des Internets (das ARPANET) 1985 vom neuen Domain Name System abgelöst werden sollte.</p><p>Auch wenn sie nicht öffentlich registriert werden kann, wird die .ARPA-Domain bis heute verwendet. Sie hat nun die Bedeutung „Address and Routing Parameter Area“ und dient als Infrastruktur-Domain. Ein Anwendungsfall ist z. B. das Reverse DNS Lookup. Dabei soll, im Gegensatz zum gewöhnlichen DNS Lookup, eine IP-Adresse direkt einem Host zugeordnet werden. Die verwendete .ARPA-Subdomain variiert dabei je danach, ob IPv4 oder IPv6 verwendet wird:</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li>IN-ADDR.ARPA für IPv4</li><li>ip6.ARPA für IPv6</li></ul><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="die-ersten-generischen-topleveldomains-com-amp-co">Die ersten generischen Top-Level-Domains: .COM & Co.</h3><p>Die ersten sechs öffentlich registrierbaren TLDs wurden alle gleichzeitig am 01.01.1985 veröffentlicht. Drei Jahre später wurde noch die .INT-Domain ergänzt.</p><p>Somit wurden in den 80ern die folgenden sieben gTLDs eingeführt:</p><p>01.01.1985:</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li>.COM = commercial (für Unternehmen)</li><li>.ORG = organization (für Organisationen)</li><li>.EDU = education (für Bildungseinrichtungen)</li><li>.GOV = government (für Regierungseinrichtungen)</li><li>.MIL = military (fürs Militär)</li><li>.NET = network (für Internet-Service-Provider)</li></ul><p>03.11.1988:</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li>.INT = international (für internationale Organisationen)</li></ul><p>Diese ursprünglichen TLDs wurden aus der Überzeugung erschaffen, dass sie alle möglichen thematischen Bereiche abdecken, die die Menschen jemals registrieren wollen würden.</p><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="die-ersten-laenderspezifischen-topleveldomains-us-amp-co">Die ersten länderspezifischen Top-Level-Domains: .US & Co.</h3><p>Die erste länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain war die .US, welche nur einen Monat nach den ersten gTLDs eingerichtet wurde. Weniger als ein halbes Jahr später folgte die .UK-Domain und anschließend die .IL-Domain.</p><p>Es war schon geplant, welche Länder alle eine eigene Domain-Endung bekommen sollten. Um die Zuordnung der Länder zu Endungen möglichst einfach zu machen, wurde die ISO-3166-Liste verwendet. Diese enthält zweistellige Ländercodes für jedes Land sowie viele unabhängige Regionen der Welt.</p><p>Wann welche Länder-Domain eingerichtet wurde, hing dabei hauptsächlich von der im jeweiligen Land für die Verwaltung zuständigen Stelle ab. Dafür musste jeweils eine sogenannte Registry alle für die TLD notwendigen Aufgaben wie den Betrieb der Nameserver und die Verwaltung des Namensraums übernehmen – und das dauerte je nach Land unterschiedlich lange. Grundsätzlich wurden aber die meisten der Länder-Domains in den 80er und 90er-Jahren eingerichtet.</p><p>Im Folgenden siehst Du eine Übersicht über die in den 1980ern eingeführten und heute noch verwendeten länderspezifischen Domain-Endungen:</p><figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Jahr</strong></td><td><strong>Datum der Einführung</strong></td><td><strong>ccTLD</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1985</td><td>15.02.1985</td><td>.US (USA)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>24.07.1985</td><td>.UK (Vereinigtes Königreich)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>24.10.1985</td><td>.IL (Israel)</td></tr><tr><td>1986</td><td>05.03.1986</td><td>.AU (Australien)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>25.04.1986</td><td>.NL (Niederlande)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>05.08.1986</td><td>.JP (Japan)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>02.09.1986</td><td>.FR (Frankreich)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>04.09.1986</td><td>.SE (Schweden)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>29.09.1986</td><td>.KR (Südkorea)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>05.11.1986</td><td>.DE (Deutschland)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>17.12.1986</td><td>.FI (Finnland)</td></tr><tr><td>1987</td><td>19.01.1987</td><td>.NZ (Neuseeland)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>17.03.1987</td><td>.NO (Norwegen)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>14.05.1987</td><td>.CA (Kanada)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>20.05.1987</td><td>.CH (Schweiz)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>08.06.1987</td><td>.MY (Malaysia)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>14.07.1987</td><td>.DK (Dänemark)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>23.09.1987</td><td>.AR (Argentinien)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>18.11.1987</td><td>.IS (Island)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>15.12.1987</td><td>.CL (Chile)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>23.12.1987</td><td>.IT (Italien)</td></tr><tr><td>1988</td><td>20.01.1988</td><td>.AT (Österreich)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>27.01.1988</td><td>.IE (Irland)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>14.04.1988</td><td>.ES (Spanien)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>30.06.1988</td><td>.PT (Portugal)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>05.08.1988</td><td>.BE (Belgien)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>07.09.1988</td><td>.TH (Thailand)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>19.10.1988</td><td>.SG (Singapur)</td></tr><tr><td>1989</td><td>19.02.1989</td><td>.GR (Griechenland)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>18.04.1989</td><td>.BR (Brasilien)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>08.05.1989</td><td>.IN (Indien)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>31.07.1989</td><td>.TW (Taiwan)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>27.08.1989</td><td>.PR (Puerto Rico)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>13.10.1989</td><td>.NI (Nicaragua)</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Die Daten für die einzelnen TLDs findest Du in der <a href="https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db">IANA Root Zone Database</a>.</figcaption></figure><p></p><p>Die .DE-Domain war, wie Du sehen kannst, die 10. ccTLD, die eingeführt wurde.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="du-hast-noch-fragen">Du hast noch Fragen?</h2><p>Dieser Artikel ist Teil 1 unserer Reihe zur Geschichte der Domains. Schaue auch gerne in <a href="https://www.inwx.de/blog/erste-domains-der-welt/">Teil 2 zu den ersten registrierten Domains</a> und <a href="https://www.inwx.de/blog/allererste-website-domain/">Teil 3 zur Domain der ersten Website</a> rein.</p><p>Und falls Du noch Fragen hast, schreib uns einfach eine Mail an blog@inwx.de.</p><div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><div class="wp-block-group has-background has-small-font-size" style="background-color:#f5f5f8"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><div class="wp-block-post-author-name has-medium-font-size"><a href="https://www.inwx.de/blog/author/ssander/" target="_self" class="wp-block-post-author-name__link">Sonja Sander</a></div><div class="wp-block-post-author-biography has-small-font-size">Sonja ist seit 2022 Teil des INWX-Teams und konnte sich seitdem ein tiefes Wissen über die Domainbranche aneignen. In unserem Blog klärt sie verschiedenste Fragen und Themen rund um Domains und berichtet über einzelne Top-Level-Domains.</div></div></div></div><footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"><nav id="nav-below" class="post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"><div class="nav-previous"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-left"><svg viewBox="0 0 192 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M178.425 138.212c0 2.265-1.133 4.813-2.832 6.512L64.276 256.001l111.317 111.277c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.247 2.832 6.513 0 2.265-1.133 4.813-2.832 6.512L161.43 394.46c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.514 2.832-2.266 0-4.816-1.133-6.515-2.832L16.407 262.514c-1.699-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.513 0-2.265 1.133-4.813 2.832-6.512l131.994-131.947c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.831 6.515-2.831 2.265 0 4.815 1.132 6.514 2.831l14.163 14.157c1.7 1.7 2.832 3.965 2.832 6.513z" fill-rule="nonzero" 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