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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Polymer science</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">25,732 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Polymer science</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Polymer_science">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37600454" data-work_id="37600454" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37600454/A_Review_on_Polymer_Graphene_and_Carbon_Nanotube_Properties_Synthesis_and_Applications">A Review on Polymer, Graphene and Carbon Nanotube: Properties, Synthesis and Applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent days, Polymer is very useful and important material for its unique properties and applications. A Polymer is a large molecule or macromolecule which is composed of several repeating subunits, called monomer. Polymers are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37600454" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent days, Polymer is very useful and important material for its unique properties and applications. A Polymer is a large molecule or macromolecule which is composed of several repeating subunits, called monomer. Polymers are classified depending on several parameters like chemical structure, polymeric structure, arrangement of monomer, tacticity etc. It has several applications in the field of industry, science and medical. Several properties of polymers can be tuned by embedding different materials with it. Among them graphene and carbon nanotube are most desirable material. Graphene is the latest discovery belonging to the group of carbon allotropes and a versatile material in nanotechnogy due to its unique electronic, optical and mechanical properties. It is a two dimensional material, a Single layer of graphite. It has several properties such as conductive, flexible, highly strong and transparent. On the other side, carbon nanotube is most valuable material in several applications for its unique electronic, mechanical and optical properties. Like graphene and graphite, it is also a carbon based material. Due to its high surface to volume ratio, even a low content of nanotube in polymer matrix can change the interphase or interface region which changes their properties significantly. The electromagnetism and microwave absorption properties of several material can be modified by incorporation of desired value of carbon nanotube with that material. Dielectric properties of several polymer materials also can be modified by embedding carbon nanotube with it. It is also acted as a filler material for introducing Piezoelectricity in some Polymer material. Here properties of polymer, graphene and carbon nanotube has been discussed in brief. Synthesis and applications of these three materials are also the key focus of this paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37600454" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d490062ea42c491d758b3ed10df4ddf4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57581755,"asset_id":37600454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57581755/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74883253" href="https://ranand.academia.edu/BINOYBERA">BINOY BERA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74883253" type="text/json">{"id":74883253,"first_name":"BINOY","last_name":"BERA","domain_name":"ranand","page_name":"BINOYBERA","display_name":"BINOY BERA","profile_url":"https://ranand.academia.edu/BINOYBERA?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37600454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37600454"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37600454, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37600454", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37600454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37600454; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37600454"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37600454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37600454"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37600454; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37600454]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37600454").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37600454").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37600454"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene">Graphene</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11541" type="text/json">{"id":11541,"name":"Graphene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12842" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotube">Carbon Nanotube</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12842" type="text/json">{"id":12842,"name":"Carbon Nanotube","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotube?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37600454]'), work: {"id":37600454,"title":"A Review on Polymer, Graphene and Carbon Nanotube: Properties, Synthesis and Applications","created_at":"2018-10-17T07:11:54.435-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37600454/A_Review_on_Polymer_Graphene_and_Carbon_Nanotube_Properties_Synthesis_and_Applications?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_37600454","summary":"In recent days, Polymer is very useful and important material for its unique properties and applications. A Polymer is a large molecule or macromolecule which is composed of several repeating subunits, called monomer. Polymers are classified depending on several parameters like chemical structure, polymeric structure, arrangement of monomer, tacticity etc. It has several applications in the field of industry, science and medical. Several properties of polymers can be tuned by embedding different materials with it. Among them graphene and carbon nanotube are most desirable material. Graphene is the latest discovery belonging to the group of carbon allotropes and a versatile material in nanotechnogy due to its unique electronic, optical and mechanical properties. It is a two dimensional material, a Single layer of graphite. It has several properties such as conductive, flexible, highly strong and transparent. On the other side, carbon nanotube is most valuable material in several applications for its unique electronic, mechanical and optical properties. Like graphene and graphite, it is also a carbon based material. Due to its high surface to volume ratio, even a low content of nanotube in polymer matrix can change the interphase or interface region which changes their properties significantly. The electromagnetism and microwave absorption properties of several material can be modified by incorporation of desired value of carbon nanotube with that material. Dielectric properties of several polymer materials also can be modified by embedding carbon nanotube with it. It is also acted as a filler material for introducing Piezoelectricity in some Polymer material. Here properties of polymer, graphene and carbon nanotube has been discussed in brief. Synthesis and applications of these three materials are also the key focus of this paper.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57581755,"asset_id":37600454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74883253,"first_name":"BINOY","last_name":"BERA","domain_name":"ranand","page_name":"BINOYBERA","display_name":"BINOY BERA","profile_url":"https://ranand.academia.edu/BINOYBERA?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":11541,"name":"Graphene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphene?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":12842,"name":"Carbon Nanotube","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotube?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_722119" data-work_id="722119" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/722119/Processing_and_Characterization_of_Microcellular_Foamed_High_Density_Polyethylene_Isotactic_Polypropylene_Blends">Processing and Characterization of Microcellular Foamed High‐Density Polyethylene/Isotactic Polypropylene Blends</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, a study on the batch processing and characterization of microcellular foamed high-density polyethylene (HDPE/iPP) blends is reported. A microcellular plastic is a foamed polymer with a cell density greater than 109... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_722119" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, a study on the batch processing and characterization of microcellular foamed high-density polyethylene (HDPE/iPP) blends is reported. A microcellular plastic is a foamed polymer with a cell density greater than 109 cells/cm3 and fully grown cells smaller than 10 µm. Recent studies have shown that the morphology and crystallinity of semicrystalline polymers have a great influence on the solubility and diffusivity of the blowing agent and on the cellular structure of the resulting foam in microcellular batch processing. In this research, blends of HDPE and iPP were used to produce materials with variety of crystalline and phase morphologies to enhance the subsequent microcellular foaming. It was possible to produce much finer and more uniform foams with the blends than with neat HDPE and iPP. Moreover, the mechanical properties and in particular the impact strength of the blends were significantly improved by foaming.<br />(citation # 293)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/722119" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e815365dfd566548d9146897169c1650" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50255271,"asset_id":722119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50255271/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="534355" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/SaeedDoroudiani">Saeed Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="534355" type="text/json">{"id":534355,"first_name":"Saeed","last_name":"Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"SaeedDoroudiani","display_name":"Saeed Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/SaeedDoroudiani?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/534355/7283838/8194822/s65_saeed.doroudiani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_722119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="722119"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 722119, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_722119", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_722119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 722119; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_722119"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_722119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="722119"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 722119; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=722119]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_722119").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_722119").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="722119"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry">Physical Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="532" type="text/json">{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=722119]'), work: {"id":722119,"title":"Processing and Characterization of Microcellular Foamed High‐Density Polyethylene/Isotactic Polypropylene Blends","created_at":"2011-07-06T23:34:49.072-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/722119/Processing_and_Characterization_of_Microcellular_Foamed_High_Density_Polyethylene_Isotactic_Polypropylene_Blends?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_722119","summary":"In this paper, a study on the batch processing and characterization of microcellular foamed high-density polyethylene (HDPE/iPP) blends is reported. A microcellular plastic is a foamed polymer with a cell density greater than 109 cells/cm3 and fully grown cells smaller than 10 µm. Recent studies have shown that the morphology and crystallinity of semicrystalline polymers have a great influence on the solubility and diffusivity of the blowing agent and on the cellular structure of the resulting foam in microcellular batch processing. In this research, blends of HDPE and iPP were used to produce materials with variety of crystalline and phase morphologies to enhance the subsequent microcellular foaming. It was possible to produce much finer and more uniform foams with the blends than with neat HDPE and iPP. Moreover, the mechanical properties and in particular the impact strength of the blends were significantly improved by foaming.\n(citation # 293) ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50255271,"asset_id":722119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":534355,"first_name":"Saeed","last_name":"Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"SaeedDoroudiani","display_name":"Saeed Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/SaeedDoroudiani?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/534355/7283838/8194822/s65_saeed.doroudiani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=2720"},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720"},{"id":24002,"name":"Materials Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":168693,"name":"Microcellular foams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microcellular_foams?f_ri=2720"},{"id":168694,"name":"Polyethylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene?f_ri=2720"},{"id":168695,"name":"Polypropylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polypropylene?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32980462" data-work_id="32980462" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32980462/Thermal_Properties_of_3_D_Printed_Polylactic_Acid_Metal_Composites">Thermal Properties of 3-D Printed Polylactic Acid -Metal Composites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Standard fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based 3-D printers fabricate parts from thermopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA). A new range of metal based PLA composites are available providing a novel range of potential engineering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32980462" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Standard fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based 3-D printers fabricate parts from thermopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA). A new range of metal based PLA composites are available providing a novel range of potential engineering materials for such 3-D printers. Currently, limited material data, specifically thermal property characterization is available on these composites. As a result, the application of these materials into functional engineered systems is not possible. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by quantifying the thermal properties of copperFill, bronzeFill, magnetic iron PLA, and stainless steel PLA composites and provide insight into the technical considerations of FFF composite 3-D printing. Specifically, in this study the correlation of the composite microstructure and printing parameters are explored and the results of thermal conductivity analysis as a function of printed matrix properties are provided. Considering the relative deviation from the filament raw bulk analysis, the results show the printing operation significantly impacts the resultant component density. Experimentally collected thermal conductivity values, however, do not correlate to the theoretical models in the literature and more rigorous quantitative exercises are required to determine true percent porosity to accurately model the effect of air pore volume fraction on thermal conductivity. Despite this limitation, the thermal conductivity values provided can be used to engineer thermal conductivity into 3-D printed parts with these PLA-based composites. Finally, several high-value applications of such 3-D printed materials that look metallic, but have low thermal conductivity are reviewed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32980462" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b71c32fac0b0891d79e30b06c6ff7e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53101430,"asset_id":32980462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53101430/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54387" href="https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce">Joshua Pearce</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54387" type="text/json">{"id":54387,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Pearce","domain_name":"westernu","page_name":"JoshuaPearce","display_name":"Joshua Pearce","profile_url":"https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32980462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32980462"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32980462, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32980462", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32980462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32980462; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32980462"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32980462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32980462"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32980462; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32980462]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32980462").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32980462").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32980462"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering">Polymer Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59" type="text/json">{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32980462]'), work: {"id":32980462,"title":"Thermal Properties of 3-D Printed Polylactic Acid -Metal Composites","created_at":"2017-05-12T06:02:21.323-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32980462/Thermal_Properties_of_3_D_Printed_Polylactic_Acid_Metal_Composites?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_32980462","summary":"Standard fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based 3-D printers fabricate parts from thermopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA). A new range of metal based PLA composites are available providing a novel range of potential engineering materials for such 3-D printers. Currently, limited material data, specifically thermal property characterization is available on these composites. As a result, the application of these materials into functional engineered systems is not possible. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by quantifying the thermal properties of copperFill, bronzeFill, magnetic iron PLA, and stainless steel PLA composites and provide insight into the technical considerations of FFF composite 3-D printing. Specifically, in this study the correlation of the composite microstructure and printing parameters are explored and the results of thermal conductivity analysis as a function of printed matrix properties are provided. Considering the relative deviation from the filament raw bulk analysis, the results show the printing operation significantly impacts the resultant component density. Experimentally collected thermal conductivity values, however, do not correlate to the theoretical models in the literature and more rigorous quantitative exercises are required to determine true percent porosity to accurately model the effect of air pore volume fraction on thermal conductivity. Despite this limitation, the thermal conductivity values provided can be used to engineer thermal conductivity into 3-D printed parts with these PLA-based composites. Finally, several high-value applications of such 3-D printed materials that look metallic, but have low thermal conductivity are reviewed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53101430,"asset_id":32980462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54387,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Pearce","domain_name":"westernu","page_name":"JoshuaPearce","display_name":"Joshua Pearce","profile_url":"https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":15599,"name":"Conducting Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conducting_Polymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":23091,"name":"3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":24002,"name":"Materials Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":26635,"name":"Additive Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additive_Manufacturing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=2720"},{"id":91045,"name":"Polymer Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":207384,"name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additive_Manufacturing_and_3D_printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":246758,"name":"Thermal Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Conductivity?f_ri=2720"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":353206,"name":"Polylactic acid Biocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polylactic_acid_Biocomposites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":490181,"name":"Fused deposition modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fused_deposition_modeling?f_ri=2720"},{"id":594114,"name":"RepRap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RepRap?f_ri=2720"},{"id":991738,"name":"3D Printing Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_Printing_Process?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36721604" data-work_id="36721604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36721604/RepRapable_Recyclebot_Open_source_3_D_printable_extruder_for_converting_plastic_to_3_D_printing_filament">RepRapable Recyclebot: Open source 3-D printable extruder for converting plastic to 3-D printing filament</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to assist researchers explore the full potential of distributed recycling of post-consumer polymer waste, this article describes a recyclebot, which is a waste plastic extruder capable of making commercial quality 3-D printing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36721604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to assist researchers explore the full potential of distributed recycling of post-consumer polymer waste, this article describes a recyclebot, which is a waste plastic extruder capable of making commercial quality 3-D printing filament. The device design takes advantage of both the open source hardware methodology and the paradigm developed by the open source self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printer community. Specifically, this paper describes the design, fabrication and operation of a RepRapable Recyclebot, which refers to the Recyclebot's ability to provide the filament needed to largely replicate the parts for the Recyclebot on any type of RepRap 3-D printer. The device costs less than $700 in mate rials and can be fabricated in about 24 h. Filament is produced at 0.4 kg/h using 0.24 kWh/kg with a diameter ±4.6%. Thus, filament can be manufactured from commercial pellets for <22% of commercial filament costs. In addition, it can fabricate recycled waste plastic into filament for 2.5 cents/kg, which is <1000X commercial filament costs. The system can fabricate filament from polymers with extrusion temperatures <250 °C and is thus capable of manufacturing custom filament over a wide range of thermopolymers and composites for material science studies of new materials and recyclability studies, as well as research on novel applications of fused filament based 3-D printing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36721604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2537d378b7d3dd66cdf8054530a76121" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56662854,"asset_id":36721604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56662854/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54387" href="https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce">Joshua Pearce</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54387" type="text/json">{"id":54387,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Pearce","domain_name":"westernu","page_name":"JoshuaPearce","display_name":"Joshua Pearce","profile_url":"https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36721604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36721604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36721604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36721604", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36721604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36721604; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36721604"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36721604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36721604"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36721604; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36721604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36721604").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36721604").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36721604"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">46</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering">Polymer Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59" type="text/json">{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures">Composite Materials and Structures</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2620" type="text/json">{"id":2620,"name":"Composite Materials and Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36721604]'), work: {"id":36721604,"title":"RepRapable Recyclebot: Open source 3-D printable extruder for converting plastic to 3-D printing filament","created_at":"2018-05-26T20:11:06.710-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36721604/RepRapable_Recyclebot_Open_source_3_D_printable_extruder_for_converting_plastic_to_3_D_printing_filament?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_36721604","summary":"In order to assist researchers explore the full potential of distributed recycling of post-consumer polymer waste, this article describes a recyclebot, which is a waste plastic extruder capable of making commercial quality 3-D printing filament. The device design takes advantage of both the open source hardware methodology and the paradigm developed by the open source self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printer community. Specifically, this paper describes the design, fabrication and operation of a RepRapable Recyclebot, which refers to the Recyclebot's ability to provide the filament needed to largely replicate the parts for the Recyclebot on any type of RepRap 3-D printer. The device costs less than $700 in mate rials and can be fabricated in about 24 h. Filament is produced at 0.4 kg/h using 0.24 kWh/kg with a diameter ±4.6%. Thus, filament can be manufactured from commercial pellets for \u003c22% of commercial filament costs. In addition, it can fabricate recycled waste plastic into filament for 2.5 cents/kg, which is \u003c1000X commercial filament costs. The system can fabricate filament from polymers with extrusion temperatures \u003c250 °C and is thus capable of manufacturing custom filament over a wide range of thermopolymers and composites for material science studies of new materials and recyclability studies, as well as research on novel applications of fused filament based 3-D printing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56662854,"asset_id":36721604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54387,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Pearce","domain_name":"westernu","page_name":"JoshuaPearce","display_name":"Joshua Pearce","profile_url":"https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2620,"name":"Composite Materials and Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=2720"},{"id":4672,"name":"Open Source Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source_Software?f_ri=2720"},{"id":5645,"name":"Recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling?f_ri=2720"},{"id":7602,"name":"Waste recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_recycling?f_ri=2720"},{"id":10650,"name":"Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials?f_ri=2720"},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=2720"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":23091,"name":"3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":23286,"name":"P2p(peer-2-Peer) Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P2p_peer-2-Peer_Networks?f_ri=2720"},{"id":24002,"name":"Materials Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":24061,"name":"Sustainable Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Design?f_ri=2720"},{"id":25035,"name":"Material Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Science?f_ri=2720"},{"id":26635,"name":"Additive Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additive_Manufacturing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":29657,"name":"Polymer Blends","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Blends?f_ri=2720"},{"id":45228,"name":"Polymer recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_recycling?f_ri=2720"},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=2720"},{"id":61347,"name":"DIY culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DIY_culture?f_ri=2720"},{"id":84395,"name":"Recycled Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycled_Materials?f_ri=2720"},{"id":91045,"name":"Polymer Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":112790,"name":"Software Libre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Libre?f_ri=2720"},{"id":120185,"name":"Open Source Hardware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source_Hardware?f_ri=2720"},{"id":120294,"name":"Do It Yourself (DIY)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Do_It_Yourself_DIY_?f_ri=2720"},{"id":124263,"name":"Upcycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upcycling?f_ri=2720"},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=2720"},{"id":132601,"name":"3d Printer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3d_Printer?f_ri=2720"},{"id":160103,"name":"DIY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DIY?f_ri=2720"},{"id":187012,"name":"Sustainable design, upcycling, cradle-to-cradle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_design_upcycling_cradle-to-cradle?f_ri=2720"},{"id":199733,"name":"Distributed Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Manufacturing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":201476,"name":"Upcycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upcycle?f_ri=2720"},{"id":207384,"name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additive_Manufacturing_and_3D_printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":227971,"name":"Extrusion Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extrusion_Processing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":333088,"name":"Hot Melt Extrusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hot_Melt_Extrusion?f_ri=2720"},{"id":449067,"name":"Extrusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extrusion?f_ri=2720"},{"id":470423,"name":"Opensource Hardware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opensource_Hardware?f_ri=2720"},{"id":594114,"name":"RepRap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RepRap?f_ri=2720"},{"id":683864,"name":"Filament Winding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filament_Winding?f_ri=2720"},{"id":702302,"name":"Recyclable Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recyclable_Plastic?f_ri=2720"},{"id":991738,"name":"3D Printing Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_Printing_Process?f_ri=2720"},{"id":1305389,"name":"Open Hardware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Hardware?f_ri=2720"},{"id":2726645,"name":"recyclebot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/recyclebot?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48203751" data-work_id="48203751" itemscope="itemscope" 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data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials">Materials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10650" type="text/json">{"id":10650,"name":"Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes">Carbon Nanotubes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10909" type="text/json">{"id":10909,"name":"Carbon Nanotubes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48203751]'), work: {"id":48203751,"title":"Nanocomposite of photocurable epoxy-acrylate resin and carbon nanotubes: dynamic-mechanical, thermal and tribological properties","created_at":"2021-05-04T04:51:11.078-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48203751/Nanocomposite_of_photocurable_epoxy_acrylate_resin_and_carbon_nanotubes_dynamic_mechanical_thermal_and_tribological_properties?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_48203751","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66938375,"asset_id":48203751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15130732,"first_name":"Sérgio","last_name":"Pezzin","domain_name":"udesc","page_name":"SérgioPezzin","display_name":"Sérgio Pezzin","profile_url":"https://udesc.academia.edu/S%C3%A9rgioPezzin?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15130732/4082627/38636478/s65_s_rgio.pezzin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndresMarquez7">Andres Marquez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19175292" type="text/json">{"id":19175292,"first_name":"Andres","last_name":"Marquez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndresMarquez7","display_name":"Andres Marquez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndresMarquez7?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19175292/16364490/16746777/s65_andres.marquez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32448850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32448850"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32448850, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32448850", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32448850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32448850]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32448850").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32448850").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32448850"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74753" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holography">Holography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74753" type="text/json">{"id":74753,"name":"Holography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holography?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228991" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photopolymers">Photopolymers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228991" type="text/json">{"id":1228991,"name":"Photopolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photopolymers?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32448850]'), work: {"id":32448850,"title":"Overmodulation control in the optimization of a H-PDLC device with ethyl eosin as dye","created_at":"2017-04-16T13:40:41.247-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32448850/Overmodulation_control_in_the_optimization_of_a_H_PDLC_device_with_ethyl_eosin_as_dye?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_32448850","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52639547,"asset_id":32448850,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19175292,"first_name":"Andres","last_name":"Marquez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndresMarquez7","display_name":"Andres Marquez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndresMarquez7?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19175292/16364490/16746777/s65_andres.marquez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":74753,"name":"Holography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holography?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":1228991,"name":"Photopolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photopolymers?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1906991" data-work_id="1906991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1906991/Fabrication_and_Characterization_of_Boron_Doped_Yttria_Stabilized_Zirconia_Nanofibers">Fabrication and Characterization of Boron Doped Yttria- Stabilized Zirconia Nanofibers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Boron doped and undoped Poly(vinyl) alcohol/Zirconium-yttrium acetate (PVA/Zr-Y) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using PVA as a precursor. The effect of boron doping was investigated in terms of solution properties,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1906991" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Boron doped and undoped Poly(vinyl) alcohol/Zirconium-yttrium acetate (PVA/Zr-Y) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using PVA as a precursor. The effect of boron doping was investigated in terms of solution properties, morphological changes and thermal properties. The effect of boron doping on calcined yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fibers were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. XRD<br />analysis revealed varying amounts of monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia present in the undoped fibers calcined at 800oC. The average crystallite sizes of the undoped YSZ were increased from 9.28 to 22.79 nm with calcining temperature increasing from 250 to 800 °C. The crystallite size was enhanced with boron doping. The systematic evolution of morphological features in the spun and the processed fibers were employed by scanning electron microscopy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1906991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e21fda16a3ddbd56d44ec3da5494deca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":28857554,"asset_id":1906991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28857554/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="820891" href="https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU">Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="820891" type="text/json">{"id":820891,"first_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim","last_name":"USLU","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"ibrahimUSLU","display_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820891/285303/337453/s65__brahim.uslu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1906991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1906991"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1906991, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1906991", }); 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The effect of boron doping was investigated in terms of solution properties, morphological changes and thermal properties. The effect of boron doping on calcined yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fibers were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. XRD\nanalysis revealed varying amounts of monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia present in the undoped fibers calcined at 800oC. The average crystallite sizes of the undoped YSZ were increased from 9.28 to 22.79 nm with calcining temperature increasing from 250 to 800 °C. The crystallite size was enhanced with boron doping. The systematic evolution of morphological features in the spun and the processed fibers were employed by scanning electron microscopy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":28857554,"asset_id":1906991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":820891,"first_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim","last_name":"USLU","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"ibrahimUSLU","display_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820891/285303/337453/s65__brahim.uslu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":3408,"name":"Green Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":4494,"name":"Ceramics (Ceramics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Ceramics_?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":4496,"name":"Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":10616,"name":"Natural Fiber Thermoplastic Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Fiber_Thermoplastic_Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":11242,"name":"Nano Photonics And Nano Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nano_Photonics_And_Nano_Electronics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":11300,"name":"Boron Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boron_Chemistry?f_ri=2720"},{"id":13455,"name":"Natural Fiber Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Fiber_Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":15244,"name":"Ceramics (Art History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Art_History_?f_ri=2720"},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=2720"},{"id":22238,"name":"Nano Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nano_Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":24227,"name":"Organic Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Electronics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":33546,"name":"Bio and Nano Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bio_and_Nano_Photonics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":36020,"name":"X-ray Diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-ray_Diffraction?f_ri=2720"},{"id":36154,"name":"Nano chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nano_chemistry?f_ri=2720"},{"id":41048,"name":"Functionally graded composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functionally_graded_composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":49651,"name":"Nano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nano?f_ri=2720"},{"id":51372,"name":"Fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber?f_ri=2720"},{"id":52630,"name":"Biodegradable polymer composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradable_polymer_composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":53201,"name":"SEM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEM?f_ri=2720"},{"id":53816,"name":"PZT, MEMS, electronic devices embedded in composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PZT_MEMS_electronic_devices_embedded_in_composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":54670,"name":"FTIR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FTIR?f_ri=2720"},{"id":56396,"name":"PVA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PVA?f_ri=2720"},{"id":58128,"name":"Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=2720"},{"id":62456,"name":"Boronizing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boronizing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":72807,"name":"Natural rubber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_rubber?f_ri=2720"},{"id":74681,"name":"Polymer composites. 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Nanocrystalline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zirconia_Based_Nanocrystalline?f_ri=2720"},{"id":386315,"name":"Uslu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uslu?f_ri=2720"},{"id":386344,"name":"PVA/(Na–Co)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PVA_Na-Co_?f_ri=2720"},{"id":386355,"name":"Electrospun","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrospun?f_ri=2720"},{"id":390053,"name":"Boron Carbide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boron_Carbide?f_ri=2720"},{"id":390868,"name":"Monoclinic Zirconia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclinic_Zirconia?f_ri=2720"},{"id":390869,"name":"Zirconia Based","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zirconia_Based?f_ri=2720"},{"id":390870,"name":"Zirconia Doped","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zirconia_Doped?f_ri=2720"},{"id":394500,"name":"Boric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boric_Acid?f_ri=2720"},{"id":399199,"name":"SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ON MAGNETIC AND NON-MAGNETIC BIOCHAR ON TH E PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF A DEFINED MICROBIAL COMMUNITY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SCANNING_ELECTRON_MICROSCOPE_ON_MAGNETIC_AND_NON-MAGNETIC_BIOCHAR_ON_TH_E_PRESENCE_AND_ABSENCE_OF_A_?f_ri=2720"},{"id":411894,"name":"Polymer Derived Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Derived_Ceramics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":428697,"name":"Electrospun scaffolds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrospun_scaffolds?f_ri=2720"},{"id":498179,"name":"Sintering and characterisation of nano-sized yttria-stabilised zirconia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sintering_and_characterisation_of_nano-sized_yttria-stabilised_zirconia?f_ri=2720"},{"id":543005,"name":"I.uslu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/I.uslu?f_ri=2720"},{"id":585995,"name":"the frequency dependence of ac electrical conductivity of PVA-doping films","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/the_frequency_dependence_of_ac_electrical_conductivity_of_PVA-doping_films?f_ri=2720"},{"id":591232,"name":"Nanofibers Electrospun","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanofibers_Electrospun?f_ri=2720"},{"id":613649,"name":"Yttria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yttria?f_ri=2720"},{"id":613654,"name":"Effect of Boron Doping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effect_of_Boron_Doping?f_ri=2720"},{"id":969707,"name":"Ceramics Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":982308,"name":"Hybrid Polymer Solution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrid_Polymer_Solution?f_ri=2720"},{"id":1012217,"name":"Electroactive Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroactive_Polymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":1012224,"name":"Polymeric Sensors and 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Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Dynamics_Simulation?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":21472,"name":"Polymer Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":168760,"name":"Macromolecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecules?f_ri=2720"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31890135 coauthored" data-work_id="31890135" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31890135/Novel_stitching_yarn_for_improved_delamination_performance_of_carbon_fibre_composites">Novel stitching yarn for improved delamination performance of carbon fibre composites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites are replacing metal where weight saving is required. Due to their laminate structure, one issue which is of concern is delamination. Sewing is seen as a simple method of improving the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31890135" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites are replacing metal where weight saving is required. Due to their laminate structure, one issue which is of concern is delamination. Sewing is seen as a simple method of improving the delamination performance, but as yet a suitable yarn does not seem to been identified. In this work, 4 thermoplastic yarns were created using polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyetheretherketone and the mechanical properties (as a straight fibre, knotted fibre and looped fibres) compared to a commercial yarn from schappe. It was found that the commercial yarn had much better mechanical properties as a straight fibre compared to the thermoplastic yarns in both terms of stiffness and strength. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength of the commercial fibre was reduced by approximately 90% when knotted and by approximately 60% when looped compared to the straight fibre. The thermoplastic yarns did not show any significant change in performance. As a consequence, despite not having the same mechanical properties, the thermoplastic yarns may prove to be better suited to stitching.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31890135" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d70fc4164e743638fe6aa2d77191e52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52175147,"asset_id":31890135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52175147/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61857598" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EArcher1">E. 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Due to their laminate structure, one issue which is of concern is delamination. Sewing is seen as a simple method of improving the delamination performance, but as yet a suitable yarn does not seem to been identified. In this work, 4 thermoplastic yarns were created using polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyetheretherketone and the mechanical properties (as a straight fibre, knotted fibre and looped fibres) compared to a commercial yarn from schappe. It was found that the commercial yarn had much better mechanical properties as a straight fibre compared to the thermoplastic yarns in both terms of stiffness and strength. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength of the commercial fibre was reduced by approximately 90% when knotted and by approximately 60% when looped compared to the straight fibre. The thermoplastic yarns did not show any significant change in performance. As a consequence, despite not having the same mechanical properties, the thermoplastic yarns may prove to be better suited to stitching.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52175147,"asset_id":31890135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61857598,"first_name":"E.","last_name":"Archer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EArcher1","display_name":"E. Archer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EArcher1?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":37931893,"first_name":"Cormac","last_name":"McGarrigle","domain_name":"ulster","page_name":"CormacMcGarrigle","display_name":"Cormac McGarrigle","profile_url":"https://ulster.academia.edu/CormacMcGarrigle?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37931893/16008643/16491917/s65_cormac.mcgarrigle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":4496,"name":"Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composites?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":91045,"name":"Polymer Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Composites?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":360190,"name":"Stitching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stitching?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29532817" data-work_id="29532817" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29532817/56_Gb_s_PAM_4_Data_Transmission_Over_a_1_m_Long_Multimode_Polymer_Interconnect">56 Gb/s PAM-4 Data Transmission Over a 1 m Long Multimode Polymer Interconnect</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Advanced modulation formats can enable >40 Gb/s data rates in waveguide-based optical interconnects without the need for high-specification optoelectronic components. Record 56Gb/s PAM-4 data transmission is demonstrated over a 1 m-long... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29532817" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Advanced modulation formats can enable >40 Gb/s data rates in waveguide-based optical interconnects without the need for high-specification optoelectronic components. Record 56Gb/s PAM-4 data transmission is demonstrated over a 1 m-long multimode polymer waveguide.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29532817" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93c01e0d1e5c1e9d544381a98f5624f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49974443,"asset_id":29532817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49974443/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55827273" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/JianChen">Jian Chen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55827273" type="text/json">{"id":55827273,"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"JianChen","display_name":"Jian Chen","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/JianChen?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55827273/14704341/15529831/s65_jian.chen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29532817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29532817"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29532817, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29532817", }); 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Record 56Gb/s PAM-4 data transmission is demonstrated over a 1 m-long multimode polymer waveguide.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49974443,"asset_id":29532817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55827273,"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"JianChen","display_name":"Jian Chen","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/JianChen?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55827273/14704341/15529831/s65_jian.chen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":50,"name":"Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":82,"name":"Optical 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Poly(styrene-isobutylene- styrene) Block Copolymers: Effect of Sulfonation and Counter Ion Substitution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7532742" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edc8c8d2daaab5aaeda3ff97170ea21f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34097360,"asset_id":7532742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Substitution","created_at":"2014-07-02T06:45:59.184-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7532742/Mechanical_and_Chemical_Properties_of_Poly_styrene_isobutylene_styrene_Block_Copolymers_Effect_of_Sulfonation_and_Counter_Ion_Substitution?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_7532742","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34097360,"asset_id":7532742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13504874,"first_name":"Arnaldo","last_name":"Negron Marty","domain_name":"gatech","page_name":"ArnaldoMarty","display_name":"Arnaldo Negron Marty","profile_url":"https://gatech.academia.edu/ArnaldoMarty?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13504874/3778781/4423630/s65_arnaldo.marty.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer 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href="https://www.academia.edu/9185718/Estimation_of_heavy_metal_contamination_and_antioxidant_potential_of_Pakistani_condiments_and_spices">Estimation of heavy metal contamination and antioxidant potential of Pakistani condiments and spices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study was conducted to detect and estimate some toxic metals present in branded (BS) and non branded (NS) condiments and spices widely used in Punjab, Pakistan. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was applied to determine the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9185718" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study was conducted to detect and estimate some toxic metals present in branded (BS) and non branded<br />(NS) condiments and spices widely used in Punjab, Pakistan. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was applied<br />to determine the concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in the<br />studied samples where as the UV/Vis spectroscopy was used for evaluating the antioxidant potential of samples<br />via 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. On comparing the standards set by<br />FAO/WHO, concentration of Cd and Ni was found higher in many of the samples. Minimum risk level (MRL) was<br />also calculated by assessing the daily intake of samples and t test was applied using SPSS 13.0. Higher metal<br />concentration in studied samples correlates with the metal pollution in soil, air and water, while higher<br />antioxidant potential of NS substantiates the medicinal importance of condiments and spices.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9185718" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a57e14758069d9cf63c42223fe06d56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35468548,"asset_id":9185718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35468548/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5284587" href="https://fjwu.academia.edu/sadiaBatool">sadia Batool</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5284587" type="text/json">{"id":5284587,"first_name":"sadia","last_name":"Batool","domain_name":"fjwu","page_name":"sadiaBatool","display_name":"sadia Batool","profile_url":"https://fjwu.academia.edu/sadiaBatool?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5284587/2783000/3244535/s65_sadia.batool.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9185718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9185718"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9185718, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9185718", }); 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Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was applied\nto determine the concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in the\nstudied samples where as the UV/Vis spectroscopy was used for evaluating the antioxidant potential of samples\nvia 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. On comparing the standards set by\nFAO/WHO, concentration of Cd and Ni was found higher in many of the samples. Minimum risk level (MRL) was\nalso calculated by assessing the daily intake of samples and t test was applied using SPSS 13.0. Higher metal\nconcentration in studied samples correlates with the metal pollution in soil, air and water, while higher\nantioxidant potential of NS substantiates the medicinal importance of condiments and spices.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35468548,"asset_id":9185718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5284587,"first_name":"sadia","last_name":"Batool","domain_name":"fjwu","page_name":"sadiaBatool","display_name":"sadia Batool","profile_url":"https://fjwu.academia.edu/sadiaBatool?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5284587/2783000/3244535/s65_sadia.batool.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":1412758,"name":"Growth Mechanism and Characterization of ZnO: Al Multi-layered Thin Films by Sol–gel Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Mechanism_and_Characterization_of_ZnO_Al_Multi-layered_Thin_Films_by_Sol-gel_Technique?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1573966" data-work_id="1573966" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1573966/Reactions_of_cationic_living_poly_tert_butyl_aziridine_">Reactions of cationic living poly (tert‐butyl aziridine)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53652428" data-work_id="53652428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53652428/Toughening_of_glass_fiber_reinforced_Nylon_66_with_EPDMMAH_Dynamic_mechanical_rheological_and_morphological_investigations">Toughening of glass fiber reinforced Nylon 66 with EPDMMAH: Dynamic mechanical, rheological, and morphological investigations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this research the variation of mechanical and rheological properties of the composite as a function of different processing parameters and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber content was studied. The optimum amount of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53652428" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this research the variation of mechanical and rheological properties of the composite as a function of different processing parameters and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber content was studied. The optimum amount of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to achieve the highest percentage of grafting of maleic anhydride to EPDM was obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In general, immiscibility between nylon 66 and EPDM, and their high interfacial tension makes their blending difficult. Maleic anhydride was grafted to EPDM to reduce interfacial tension between two phases. Also the blends were prepared at highest possible speed of mixing (screw speed in extrusion) and lowest temperature to reach a well mixed sample which can be seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and impact strength results. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) tests were conducted to evaluate the miscibility of the components and to measure the glass transition temperature of...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53652428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12831356" href="https://basu.academia.edu/azamyousefi">azam yousefi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12831356" type="text/json">{"id":12831356,"first_name":"azam","last_name":"yousefi","domain_name":"basu","page_name":"azamyousefi","display_name":"azam yousefi","profile_url":"https://basu.academia.edu/azamyousefi?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12831356/3637489/71957626/s65_azam.yousefi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53652428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53652428"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53652428, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53652428", }); 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The optimum amount of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to achieve the highest percentage of grafting of maleic anhydride to EPDM was obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In general, immiscibility between nylon 66 and EPDM, and their high interfacial tension makes their blending difficult. Maleic anhydride was grafted to EPDM to reduce interfacial tension between two phases. Also the blends were prepared at highest possible speed of mixing (screw speed in extrusion) and lowest temperature to reach a well mixed sample which can be seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and impact strength results. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) tests were conducted to evaluate the miscibility of the components and to measure the glass transition temperature of...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12831356,"first_name":"azam","last_name":"yousefi","domain_name":"basu","page_name":"azamyousefi","display_name":"azam yousefi","profile_url":"https://basu.academia.edu/azamyousefi?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12831356/3637489/71957626/s65_azam.yousefi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":8901,"name":"Plastic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Technology?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=2720"},{"id":29657,"name":"Polymer Blends","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Blends?f_ri=2720"},{"id":83780,"name":"Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Mechanical_Behaviour?f_ri=2720"},{"id":91045,"name":"Polymer Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Composites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":144933,"name":"Compounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compounding?f_ri=2720"},{"id":208456,"name":"EPDM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EPDM?f_ri=2720"},{"id":208460,"name":"Rubber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rubber?f_ri=2720"},{"id":227971,"name":"Extrusion Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extrusion_Processing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":347632,"name":"Polymer Melt Rheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Melt_Rheology?f_ri=2720"},{"id":375641,"name":"Modification of Polymers and Rubbers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modification_of_Polymers_and_Rubbers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":387142,"name":"Nylon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nylon?f_ri=2720"},{"id":387395,"name":"Impact Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_Strength?f_ri=2720"},{"id":443788,"name":"Glass Fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass_Fiber?f_ri=2720"},{"id":862641,"name":"Synthesis of Grafted Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_of_Grafted_Polymer?f_ri=2720"},{"id":1231396,"name":"Fiber Reinforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Reinforcement?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1188179" data-work_id="1188179" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1188179/Production_and_characterization_of_poly_vinyl_alcohol_poly_vinylpyrrolidone_iodine_poly_ethylene_glycol_electrospun_fibers_with_hydroxypropyl_methyl_cellulose_and_aloe_vera_as_promising_material_for_wound_dressing">Production and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) iodine/poly(ethylene glycol) electrospun fibers with (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose and aloe vera as promising material for wound dressing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly (vinylpyrrolidone) iodine/poly(ethylene glycol) fibers containing (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) and aloe vera were successfully prepared by electrospinning their aqueous solution. Aloe vera... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1188179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly (vinylpyrrolidone) iodine/poly(ethylene glycol) fibers containing (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) and aloe vera were successfully prepared by electrospinning their aqueous solution. Aloe vera which is known to be effective in the treatment of various wounds was added to the polymer solution. HPMC was added to the system as the water retention agent. The hybrid fiber mats were subjected to detailed analysis using a differential scanning calorimeter, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Images obtained from the SEM showed that the polymer fibers were linear, homogenous, and contained no beading. The fiber diameters ranged between 100 and 900 nm. It was seen that the electrospun mats obtained could potentially be used as a material for dressing wounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1188179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8faf048434468d6d5718614ddffaf2f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":9056674,"asset_id":1188179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/9056674/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="820891" href="https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU">Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="820891" type="text/json">{"id":820891,"first_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim","last_name":"USLU","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"ibrahimUSLU","display_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820891/285303/337453/s65__brahim.uslu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1188179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1188179"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1188179, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1188179", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1188179]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1188179").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1188179").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1188179"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">38</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering">Polymer Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59" type="text/json">{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry">Polymer Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2526" type="text/json">{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1188179]'), work: {"id":1188179,"title":"Production and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) iodine/poly(ethylene glycol) electrospun fibers with (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose and aloe vera as promising material for wound dressing","created_at":"2011-12-29T23:47:22.051-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1188179/Production_and_characterization_of_poly_vinyl_alcohol_poly_vinylpyrrolidone_iodine_poly_ethylene_glycol_electrospun_fibers_with_hydroxypropyl_methyl_cellulose_and_aloe_vera_as_promising_material_for_wound_dressing?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_1188179","summary":"Biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly (vinylpyrrolidone) iodine/poly(ethylene glycol) fibers containing (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) and aloe vera were successfully prepared by electrospinning their aqueous solution. Aloe vera which is known to be effective in the treatment of various wounds was added to the polymer solution. HPMC was added to the system as the water retention agent. The hybrid fiber mats were subjected to detailed analysis using a differential scanning calorimeter, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Images obtained from the SEM showed that the polymer fibers were linear, homogenous, and contained no beading. The fiber diameters ranged between 100 and 900 nm. It was seen that the electrospun mats obtained could potentially be used as a material for dressing wounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":9056674,"asset_id":1188179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":820891,"first_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim","last_name":"USLU","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"ibrahimUSLU","display_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820891/285303/337453/s65__brahim.uslu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2620,"name":"Composite Materials and Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures?f_ri=2720"},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720"},{"id":3848,"name":"Nanomaterials Characterization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanomaterials_Characterization?f_ri=2720"},{"id":5304,"name":"Nanofibers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanofibers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":7835,"name":"Nanobiotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanobiotechnology?f_ri=2720"},{"id":10650,"name":"Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials?f_ri=2720"},{"id":10651,"name":"Materials Characterisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Characterisation?f_ri=2720"},{"id":11678,"name":"Nanocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanocomposites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":12010,"name":"Electrospinning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrospinning?f_ri=2720"},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=2720"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":23992,"name":"Nanochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanochemistry?f_ri=2720"},{"id":34550,"name":"Polymer Nanocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Nanocomposites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":53201,"name":"SEM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEM?f_ri=2720"},{"id":54670,"name":"FTIR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FTIR?f_ri=2720"},{"id":103213,"name":"Nanoscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoscience?f_ri=2720"},{"id":139262,"name":"DSC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DSC?f_ri=2720"},{"id":178380,"name":"HPMC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HPMC?f_ri=2720"},{"id":349105,"name":"Polyethylene Glycol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene_Glycol?f_ri=2720"},{"id":377581,"name":"Aloe Vera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aloe_Vera?f_ri=2720"},{"id":381123,"name":"Novel wound dressings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Novel_wound_dressings?f_ri=2720"},{"id":386314,"name":"İbrahim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibrahim?f_ri=2720"},{"id":386315,"name":"Uslu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uslu?f_ri=2720"},{"id":386355,"name":"Electrospun","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrospun?f_ri=2720"},{"id":389153,"name":"Polyvinyl alcohol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyvinyl_alcohol?f_ri=2720"},{"id":390995,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscope?f_ri=2720"},{"id":394520,"name":"Homogenous","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homogenous?f_ri=2720"},{"id":396364,"name":"Biocompatible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocompatible?f_ri=2720"},{"id":396367,"name":"Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxypropyl_Methyl_Cellulose?f_ri=2720"},{"id":396368,"name":"Wounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wounds?f_ri=2720"},{"id":396369,"name":"Polymer Fibers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Fibers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":396370,"name":"Electrospun Mats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrospun_Mats?f_ri=2720"},{"id":396371,"name":"Wound Dressing Material","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wound_Dressing_Material?f_ri=2720"},{"id":396373,"name":"Differential Scanning Calorimeter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Scanning_Calorimeter?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38919478" data-work_id="38919478" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38919478/ANNEALING_EFFECTS_ON_THERMAL_MECHANICAL_PROPERTIES_OF_PMMA_PET_IMMISCIBLE_POLYMER_BLEND">ANNEALING EFFECTS ON THERMAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PMMA/PET IMMISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The annealing effect was studied on PMMA/PET immiscible polymer blends. Composite ratios of 0/100,25/75, 50/50, 70/30, 80/20 and 100/0 wt % of PMMA/PET were prepared by novel injection molding methods. Morphological interactions of these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38919478" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The annealing effect was studied on PMMA/PET immiscible polymer blends. Composite ratios of 0/100,25/75, 50/50, 70/30, 80/20 and 100/0 wt % of PMMA/PET were prepared by novel injection molding methods. Morphological interactions of these blends were investigated through thermal analysis using DMA and DSC. The samples were subject to testing in their as molded form and after annealing. Thermal analysis revealed crystallite growth effect on the storage modulus and increased Tg for annealed samples.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38919478" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74e35fd9f4ad6f8eb163f21f3d9f6c5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59020609,"asset_id":38919478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59020609/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36705573" href="https://navy-research.academia.edu/JustinHendrixPhD">Justin W Hendrix, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36705573" type="text/json">{"id":36705573,"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Hendrix, PhD","domain_name":"navy-research","page_name":"JustinHendrixPhD","display_name":"Justin W Hendrix, PhD","profile_url":"https://navy-research.academia.edu/JustinHendrixPhD?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36705573/14411946/15323424/s65_justin.hendrix.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38919478 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38919478"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38919478, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38919478", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38919478]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38919478").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38919478").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38919478"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21466" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers">Polymers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21466" type="text/json">{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99667" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annealing">Annealing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99667" type="text/json">{"id":99667,"name":"Annealing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annealing?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immiscibility">Immiscibility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="209966" type="text/json">{"id":209966,"name":"Immiscibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immiscibility?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38919478]'), work: {"id":38919478,"title":"ANNEALING EFFECTS ON THERMAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PMMA/PET IMMISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND","created_at":"2019-04-24T12:33:32.177-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38919478/ANNEALING_EFFECTS_ON_THERMAL_MECHANICAL_PROPERTIES_OF_PMMA_PET_IMMISCIBLE_POLYMER_BLEND?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_38919478","summary":"The annealing effect was studied on PMMA/PET immiscible polymer blends. Composite ratios of 0/100,25/75, 50/50, 70/30, 80/20 and 100/0 wt % of PMMA/PET were prepared by novel injection molding methods. Morphological interactions of these blends were investigated through thermal analysis using DMA and DSC. The samples were subject to testing in their as molded form and after annealing. Thermal analysis revealed crystallite growth effect on the storage modulus and increased Tg for annealed samples. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59020609,"asset_id":38919478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36705573,"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Hendrix, PhD","domain_name":"navy-research","page_name":"JustinHendrixPhD","display_name":"Justin W Hendrix, PhD","profile_url":"https://navy-research.academia.edu/JustinHendrixPhD?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36705573/14411946/15323424/s65_justin.hendrix.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":99667,"name":"Annealing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annealing?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":209966,"name":"Immiscibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immiscibility?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":888111,"name":"Polyethylene terephthalate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene_terephthalate?f_ri=2720"},{"id":1391697,"name":"Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymethyl_Methacrylate_PMMA_?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55589606" data-work_id="55589606" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55589606/Design_and_Development_of_False_Ceiling_Board_Using_Polyvinyl_Acetate_PVAc_Composite_Reinforced_with_False_Banana_Fibres_and_Filled_with_Sawdust">Design and Development of False Ceiling Board Using Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) Composite Reinforced with False Banana Fibres and Filled with Sawdust</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work deals with design and development of false ceiling board from polyvinyl-acetate (PVAc) composite reinforced with false banana fibres and filled with sawdust. The aim was to develop a light weight and good strength performance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55589606" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work deals with design and development of false ceiling board from polyvinyl-acetate (PVAc) composite reinforced with false banana fibres and filled with sawdust. The aim was to develop a light weight and good strength performance false ceiling board using raw materials that are fully biodegradable including sawdust, thus solving the problem of its disposal. The false banana fibres were characterized for its tensile strength, elongation, and moisture content since these parameters affect the composite properties. Hand lay-up method combined with compression molding followed by curing was utilised in the manufacture of the false ceiling composites. The optimum proportions of the raw materials were identified using central composite design software, and the results were 40% sawdust, 40% binder (PVAc), and 20% fibres. The mechanical properties of the developed composite board were evaluated in terms of its tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength. In addition,...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55589606" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d24c52ff29c4d41c0cc04fe51333bf65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71391344,"asset_id":55589606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71391344/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60698242" href="https://seuco.academia.edu/RotichGideon">Rotich Gideon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60698242" type="text/json">{"id":60698242,"first_name":"Rotich","last_name":"Gideon","domain_name":"seuco","page_name":"RotichGideon","display_name":"Rotich Gideon","profile_url":"https://seuco.academia.edu/RotichGideon?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60698242/18458291/18414583/s65_rotich.gideon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55589606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55589606"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55589606, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55589606", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55589606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55589606; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55589606"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55589606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55589606"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55589606; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55589606]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55589606").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55589606").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55589606"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55589606]'), work: {"id":55589606,"title":"Design and Development of False Ceiling Board Using Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) Composite Reinforced with False Banana Fibres and Filled with Sawdust","created_at":"2021-10-05T04:41:30.393-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55589606/Design_and_Development_of_False_Ceiling_Board_Using_Polyvinyl_Acetate_PVAc_Composite_Reinforced_with_False_Banana_Fibres_and_Filled_with_Sawdust?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_55589606","summary":"This work deals with design and development of false ceiling board from polyvinyl-acetate (PVAc) composite reinforced with false banana fibres and filled with sawdust. The aim was to develop a light weight and good strength performance false ceiling board using raw materials that are fully biodegradable including sawdust, thus solving the problem of its disposal. The false banana fibres were characterized for its tensile strength, elongation, and moisture content since these parameters affect the composite properties. Hand lay-up method combined with compression molding followed by curing was utilised in the manufacture of the false ceiling composites. The optimum proportions of the raw materials were identified using central composite design software, and the results were 40% sawdust, 40% binder (PVAc), and 20% fibres. The mechanical properties of the developed composite board were evaluated in terms of its tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength. In addition,...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71391344,"asset_id":55589606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60698242,"first_name":"Rotich","last_name":"Gideon","domain_name":"seuco","page_name":"RotichGideon","display_name":"Rotich Gideon","profile_url":"https://seuco.academia.edu/RotichGideon?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60698242/18458291/18414583/s65_rotich.gideon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30713521" data-work_id="30713521" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30713521/Viscosity_and_Scaling_of_Semiflexible_Polyelectrolyte_NaCMC_in_Aqueous_Salt_Solutions">Viscosity and Scaling of Semiflexible Polyelectrolyte NaCMC in Aqueous Salt Solutions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We investigate the viscosity dependence on concentration and molecular weight of semiflexible polyelectrolyte sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) in aqueous salt-free and NaCl solutions. Combining new measurements and extensive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30713521" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We investigate the viscosity dependence on<br />concentration and molecular weight of semiflexible polyelectrolyte<br />sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) in aqueous salt-free and<br />NaCl solutions. Combining new measurements and extensive<br />literature data, we establish relevant power laws and crossovers<br />over a wide range of degree of polymerization (N) as well as<br />polymer (c) and salt (cs) concentrations. In salt-free solution, the<br />overlap concentration shows the expected c* ∝ N−2 dependence,<br />and the entanglement crossover scales as ce ∝ N−0.6±0.3, in strong<br />disagreement with scaling theory for which ce ∝ c* is expected, but<br />matching the behavior found for flexible polyelectrolytes. A second crossover, to a steep concentration dependence for specific viscosity (ηsp ∝ c3.5±0.2), commonly assigned to the concentrated regime, is shown to follow c** ∝ N−0.6±0.2 (with c**/ce ≃ 6) which thus suggests instead a dynamic crossover, possibly related to entanglement. The scaling of c* and ce in 0.01 and 0.1 M NaCl shows neutral polymer in good solvent behavior, characteristic of highly screened polyelectrolyte solutions. This unified scaling picture enables the estimation of viscosity of ubiquitous NaCMC solutions as a function of N, c, and cs and establishes the behavior expected for a range of semiflexible polyelectrolyte solutions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30713521" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8616e55c1f8fc51dc85ff674d870d85a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51161388,"asset_id":30713521,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51161388/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32526400" href="https://rwth-aachen.academia.edu/CarlosLopez">Carlos G Lopez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32526400" type="text/json">{"id":32526400,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Lopez","domain_name":"rwth-aachen","page_name":"CarlosLopez","display_name":"Carlos G Lopez","profile_url":"https://rwth-aachen.academia.edu/CarlosLopez?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30713521 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30713521"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30713521, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30713521", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30713521 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30713521; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30713521"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30713521 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30713521"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30713521; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30713521]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30713521").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30713521").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30713521"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyelectrolytes">Polyelectrolytes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4319" type="text/json">{"id":4319,"name":"Polyelectrolytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyelectrolytes?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7598" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheology">Rheology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7598" type="text/json">{"id":7598,"name":"Rheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheology?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21472" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Physics">Polymer Physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21472" type="text/json">{"id":21472,"name":"Polymer Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30713521]'), work: {"id":30713521,"title":"Viscosity and Scaling of Semiflexible Polyelectrolyte NaCMC in Aqueous Salt Solutions","created_at":"2017-01-03T02:20:18.530-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30713521/Viscosity_and_Scaling_of_Semiflexible_Polyelectrolyte_NaCMC_in_Aqueous_Salt_Solutions?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_30713521","summary":"We investigate the viscosity dependence on\nconcentration and molecular weight of semiflexible polyelectrolyte\nsodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) in aqueous salt-free and\nNaCl solutions. Combining new measurements and extensive\nliterature data, we establish relevant power laws and crossovers\nover a wide range of degree of polymerization (N) as well as\npolymer (c) and salt (cs) concentrations. In salt-free solution, the\noverlap concentration shows the expected c* ∝ N−2 dependence,\nand the entanglement crossover scales as ce ∝ N−0.6±0.3, in strong\ndisagreement with scaling theory for which ce ∝ c* is expected, but\nmatching the behavior found for flexible polyelectrolytes. A second crossover, to a steep concentration dependence for specific viscosity (ηsp ∝ c3.5±0.2), commonly assigned to the concentrated regime, is shown to follow c** ∝ N−0.6±0.2 (with c**/ce ≃ 6) which thus suggests instead a dynamic crossover, possibly related to entanglement. The scaling of c* and ce in 0.01 and 0.1 M NaCl shows neutral polymer in good solvent behavior, characteristic of highly screened polyelectrolyte solutions. This unified scaling picture enables the estimation of viscosity of ubiquitous NaCMC solutions as a function of N, c, and cs and establishes the behavior expected for a range of semiflexible polyelectrolyte solutions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51161388,"asset_id":30713521,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32526400,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Lopez","domain_name":"rwth-aachen","page_name":"CarlosLopez","display_name":"Carlos G Lopez","profile_url":"https://rwth-aachen.academia.edu/CarlosLopez?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":4319,"name":"Polyelectrolytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyelectrolytes?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":7598,"name":"Rheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheology?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":21472,"name":"Polymer Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":23173,"name":"Food Rheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Rheology?f_ri=2720"},{"id":37959,"name":"Cellulose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellulose?f_ri=2720"},{"id":92325,"name":"Biopolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":109384,"name":"Viscosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viscosity?f_ri=2720"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13018500" data-work_id="13018500" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13018500/Soft_matter_in_hard_confinement_phase_transition_thermodynamics_structure_texture_diffusion_and_flow_in_nanoporous_media">Soft matter in hard confinement: phase transition thermodynamics, structure, texture, diffusion and flow in nanoporous media</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spatial confinement in nanoporous media affects the structure, thermodynamics and mobility of molecular soft matter often markedly. This article reviews thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena, such as physisorption, capillary condensation,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13018500" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spatial confinement in nanoporous media affects the structure, thermodynamics and mobility of molecular soft matter often markedly. This article reviews thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena, such as physisorption, capillary condensation, crystallisation, self-diffusion, and structural phase transitions as well as selected aspects of the emerging field of spatially confined, non-equilibrium physics, i.e. the rheology of liquids, capillarity-driven flow phenomena, and imbibition front broadening in nanoporous materials. The observations in the nanoscale systems are related to the corresponding bulk phenomenologies. The complexity of the confined molecular species is varied from simple building blocks, like noble gas atoms, normal alkanes and alcohols to liquid crystals, polymers, ionic liquids, proteins and water. Mostly, experiments with mesoporous solids of alumina, gold, carbon, silica, and silicon with pore diameters ranging from a few up to 50 nm are presented. The observed peculiarities of nanopore-confined condensed matter are also discussed with regard to applications. <br />A particular emphasis is put on texture formation upon crystallisation in nanoporous media, a topic both of high fundamental interest and of increasing nanotechnological importance, e.g. for the synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid materials by melt infiltration, the usage of nanoporous solids in crystal nucleation or in template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nano structures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13018500" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="318dc99a03abbb1089af9aaafc27c899" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37919484,"asset_id":13018500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37919484/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31803000" href="https://tu-harburg.academia.edu/PatrickHuber">Patrick Huber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31803000" type="text/json">{"id":31803000,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Huber","domain_name":"tu-harburg","page_name":"PatrickHuber","display_name":"Patrick Huber","profile_url":"https://tu-harburg.academia.edu/PatrickHuber?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31803000/10986106/12260485/s65_patrick.huber.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13018500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13018500"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13018500, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13018500", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13018500]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13018500").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13018500").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13018500"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="522" type="text/json">{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2157" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_Transformations">Phase Transformations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2157" type="text/json">{"id":2157,"name":"Phase Transformations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_Transformations?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2328" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Condensed_Matter_Physics">Soft Condensed Matter Physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2328" type="text/json">{"id":2328,"name":"Soft Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13018500]'), work: {"id":13018500,"title":"Soft matter in hard confinement: phase transition thermodynamics, structure, texture, diffusion and flow in nanoporous media","created_at":"2015-06-16T04:54:03.535-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13018500/Soft_matter_in_hard_confinement_phase_transition_thermodynamics_structure_texture_diffusion_and_flow_in_nanoporous_media?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_13018500","summary":"Spatial confinement in nanoporous media affects the structure, thermodynamics and mobility of molecular soft matter often markedly. This article reviews thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena, such as physisorption, capillary condensation, crystallisation, self-diffusion, and structural phase transitions as well as selected aspects of the emerging field of spatially confined, non-equilibrium physics, i.e. the rheology of liquids, capillarity-driven flow phenomena, and imbibition front broadening in nanoporous materials. The observations in the nanoscale systems are related to the corresponding bulk phenomenologies. The complexity of the confined molecular species is varied from simple building blocks, like noble gas atoms, normal alkanes and alcohols to liquid crystals, polymers, ionic liquids, proteins and water. Mostly, experiments with mesoporous solids of alumina, gold, carbon, silica, and silicon with pore diameters ranging from a few up to 50 nm are presented. The observed peculiarities of nanopore-confined condensed matter are also discussed with regard to applications.\r\nA particular emphasis is put on texture formation upon crystallisation in nanoporous media, a topic both of high fundamental interest and of increasing nanotechnological importance, e.g. for the synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid materials by melt infiltration, the usage of nanoporous solids in crystal nucleation or in template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nano structures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37919484,"asset_id":13018500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31803000,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Huber","domain_name":"tu-harburg","page_name":"PatrickHuber","display_name":"Patrick Huber","profile_url":"https://tu-harburg.academia.edu/PatrickHuber?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31803000/10986106/12260485/s65_patrick.huber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2157,"name":"Phase Transformations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_Transformations?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2328,"name":"Soft Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720"},{"id":2721,"name":"Microfluidics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfluidics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":4929,"name":"Wetting and Spreading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetting_and_Spreading?f_ri=2720"},{"id":10456,"name":"Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein?f_ri=2720"},{"id":11670,"name":"Nanofluidics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanofluidics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":11997,"name":"Fluid flow in porous media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_flow_in_porous_media?f_ri=2720"},{"id":33003,"name":"Ionic Liquids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids?f_ri=2720"},{"id":34550,"name":"Polymer Nanocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Nanocomposites?f_ri=2720"},{"id":39752,"name":"Adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption?f_ri=2720"},{"id":54391,"name":"Nanofluids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanofluids?f_ri=2720"},{"id":57085,"name":"Transport Phenomena in Porous Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Phenomena_in_Porous_Media?f_ri=2720"},{"id":84036,"name":"Porous Silicon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Porous_Silicon?f_ri=2720"},{"id":173897,"name":"Mesoporous Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoporous_Materials?f_ri=2720"},{"id":422015,"name":"Nanoporous Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoporous_Materials?f_ri=2720"},{"id":1941164,"name":"Nanoporous Gold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoporous_Gold?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14956522" data-work_id="14956522" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14956522/FDA_Approved_Additives_Boost_Inline_Plastics_Laser_Marking">FDA-Approved Additives Boost Inline Plastics Laser Marking</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14956522" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b88161523a20ce35b29c9c99574a8177" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38488062,"asset_id":14956522,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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Sabreen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottSabreen?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33951982/9980282/11130299/s65_scott.sabreen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14956522 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14956522"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14956522, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14956522", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14956522 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14956522; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14956522"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14956522 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14956522"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14956522; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14956522]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14956522").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14956522").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14956522"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="517" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasma_Physics">Plasma Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="517" type="text/json">{"id":517,"name":"Plasma Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasma_Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry">Polymer Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2526" type="text/json">{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14956522]'), work: {"id":14956522,"title":"FDA-Approved Additives Boost Inline Plastics Laser Marking","created_at":"2015-08-16T08:07:30.332-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14956522/FDA_Approved_Additives_Boost_Inline_Plastics_Laser_Marking?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_14956522","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38488062,"asset_id":14956522,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33951982,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Sabreen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ScottSabreen","display_name":"Scott Sabreen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottSabreen?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33951982/9980282/11130299/s65_scott.sabreen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":517,"name":"Plasma Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasma_Physics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":4135,"name":"Laser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser?f_ri=2720"},{"id":4764,"name":"Inkjet printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inkjet_printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":7855,"name":"Plasma Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasma_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":8901,"name":"Plastic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Technology?f_ri=2720"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":23091,"name":"3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":28505,"name":"Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesion?f_ri=2720"},{"id":73556,"name":"Digital Inkjet Printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Inkjet_Printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":73558,"name":"Sublimation Printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sublimation_Printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":104708,"name":"Plastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics?f_ri=2720"},{"id":124024,"name":"Laser Marking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Marking?f_ri=2720"},{"id":151246,"name":"Corona Discharge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corona_Discharge?f_ri=2720"},{"id":159114,"name":"Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_Printing_Dyeing_and_Finishing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":207384,"name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additive_Manufacturing_and_3D_printing?f_ri=2720"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":685982,"name":"Wetting and Wettability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetting_and_Wettability?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42134025" data-work_id="42134025" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42134025/Extraction_and_Characterization_of_Lipid_from_Pangus_Fish_P_Pangasius_Available_in_Bangladesh_by_Solvent_Extraction_Method">Extraction and Characterization of Lipid from Pangus Fish (P. Pangasius) Available in Bangladesh by Solvent Extraction Method</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this work was to characterize the lipids extracted from pangus fish (P. pangasius) available in the local market in Bangladesh. The pangus fish (P. pangasius) was collected from the local market of Dhaka. Lipids were isolated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42134025" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this work was to characterize the lipids extracted from pangus fish (P. pangasius) available in the local market in Bangladesh. The pangus fish (P. pangasius) was collected from the local market of Dhaka. Lipids were isolated from both the fresh as well as cooked fish by solvent extraction method. The physical characteristics of lipid of (P. pangasius) were analyzed and also found that the percent of lipid content of fresh pangus fish (pangasius pangasius) was 9.126% and lipid content of cooked panagus fish (pangasius pangasius) was 6.334% and specific gravity of the lipid was 0.87 at 25°C. Furthermore, the chemical characteristics of lipid of (pangasius pangasius) were analyzed and also found that the saponification value, the saponification equivalent, the ester value, the iodine value, the peroxide value and the acid value of pangus fish were 179.88, 311.87, 177.95, 53.93, 43.63 and 1.93 respectively. Besides this, the percent of free fatty acid was 0.97%. However, The Pangus fishes are also played an important role in our daily dietary routine. The lipids from pangus contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which play important roles in cardiovascular system or reduce the risk of heart attract. The daily consumption of fish oils (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) can significantly lower blood pressure in people suffering from hypertension. The benefit of the fish oils is comparable to that obtainable by sodium reduction and weight loss. Fish consumption also helps to prevent prostate cancer. So, its very important to isolate and characterize the lipid of pangus fish (P. pangasius).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42134025" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfd02a6ae5b8813e04681fecee578534" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62270132,"asset_id":42134025,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62270132/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="93883506" href="https://foodsciencebangladeshcouncilscientificindustrialresearch.academia.edu/MdMahmudurRahman">Md.Mahmudur Rahman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="93883506" type="text/json">{"id":93883506,"first_name":"Md.Mahmudur","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"foodsciencebangladeshcouncilscientificindustrialresearch","page_name":"MdMahmudurRahman","display_name":"Md.Mahmudur Rahman","profile_url":"https://foodsciencebangladeshcouncilscientificindustrialresearch.academia.edu/MdMahmudurRahman?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/93883506/28367350/33299248/s65_md.mahmudur.rahman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42134025 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42134025"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42134025, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42134025", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42134025]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42134025").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42134025").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42134025"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Chemistry">Environmental Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15836" type="text/json">{"id":15836,"name":"Environmental Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25035" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Science">Material Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25035" type="text/json">{"id":25035,"name":"Material Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42134025]'), work: {"id":42134025,"title":"Extraction and Characterization of Lipid from Pangus Fish (P. Pangasius) Available in Bangladesh by Solvent Extraction Method","created_at":"2020-03-04T01:41:40.435-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42134025/Extraction_and_Characterization_of_Lipid_from_Pangus_Fish_P_Pangasius_Available_in_Bangladesh_by_Solvent_Extraction_Method?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_42134025","summary":"The aim of this work was to characterize the lipids extracted from pangus fish (P. pangasius) available in the local market in Bangladesh. The pangus fish (P. pangasius) was collected from the local market of Dhaka. Lipids were isolated from both the fresh as well as cooked fish by solvent extraction method. The physical characteristics of lipid of (P. pangasius) were analyzed and also found that the percent of lipid content of fresh pangus fish (pangasius pangasius) was 9.126% and lipid content of cooked panagus fish (pangasius pangasius) was 6.334% and specific gravity of the lipid was 0.87 at 25°C. Furthermore, the chemical characteristics of lipid of (pangasius pangasius) were analyzed and also found that the saponification value, the saponification equivalent, the ester value, the iodine value, the peroxide value and the acid value of pangus fish were 179.88, 311.87, 177.95, 53.93, 43.63 and 1.93 respectively. Besides this, the percent of free fatty acid was 0.97%. However, The Pangus fishes are also played an important role in our daily dietary routine. The lipids from pangus contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which play important roles in cardiovascular system or reduce the risk of heart attract. The daily consumption of fish oils (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) can significantly lower blood pressure in people suffering from hypertension. The benefit of the fish oils is comparable to that obtainable by sodium reduction and weight loss. Fish consumption also helps to prevent prostate cancer. So, its very important to isolate and characterize the lipid of pangus fish (P. pangasius).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62270132,"asset_id":42134025,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":93883506,"first_name":"Md.Mahmudur","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"foodsciencebangladeshcouncilscientificindustrialresearch","page_name":"MdMahmudurRahman","display_name":"Md.Mahmudur Rahman","profile_url":"https://foodsciencebangladeshcouncilscientificindustrialresearch.academia.edu/MdMahmudurRahman?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/93883506/28367350/33299248/s65_md.mahmudur.rahman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":15836,"name":"Environmental Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":25035,"name":"Material Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":72341,"name":"Applied Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Chemistry?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51281403" data-work_id="51281403" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51281403/Removal_of_Cadmium_II_Chromium_III_and_Lead_II_Heavy_Metal_Ions_from_Water_by_Graft_Copolymerization_of_Acrylonitrile_onto_Date_Palm_Fiber_Using_H2O2_Fe_as_an_Initiator">Removal of Cadmium (II), Chromium (III), and Lead (II) Heavy Metal Ions from Water by Graft Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Date Palm Fiber Using H2O2/Fe++ as an Initiator</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study is aimed at assessing how the date palm wood fibers (DPWF) can be used for the removal of heavy metals from water. The study involved examination of the radical polymerization and graft polymerization parameters such as reaction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51281403" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study is aimed at assessing how the date palm wood fibers (DPWF) can be used for the removal of heavy metals from water. The study involved examination of the radical polymerization and graft polymerization parameters such as reaction period, reaction time, monomer volume, amount of the catalyst, and concentration of initiator to obtain the maximum yield of graft polymerization. Fiber and copolymer were characterized using SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy to ensure the completion of polymerization. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used for treating the grafted copolymers for the preparation of polyamidoxime chelating resin, which was then examined for removing the heavy metal ions. Different resin dosages, contact time, and initial concentrations were used, and the batch technique experiment was utilized. The study also applied the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, and Langmuir was found to be better. The absorption ability was found to be better for polyamidoxime resin for metal...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51281403" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3299081cf82d10bdbf2542038a5fac9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69069246,"asset_id":51281403,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69069246/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34860126" href="https://uohb.academia.edu/FarajAbuilaiwi">Faraj Abuilaiwi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34860126" type="text/json">{"id":34860126,"first_name":"Faraj","last_name":"Abuilaiwi","domain_name":"uohb","page_name":"FarajAbuilaiwi","display_name":"Faraj Abuilaiwi","profile_url":"https://uohb.academia.edu/FarajAbuilaiwi?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51281403 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51281403"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51281403, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51281403", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51281403 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51281403; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51281403"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51281403 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51281403"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51281403; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51281403]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51281403").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51281403").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51281403"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51281403]'), work: {"id":51281403,"title":"Removal of Cadmium (II), Chromium (III), and Lead (II) Heavy Metal Ions from Water by Graft Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Date Palm Fiber Using H2O2/Fe++ as an Initiator","created_at":"2021-09-05T01:18:50.554-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51281403/Removal_of_Cadmium_II_Chromium_III_and_Lead_II_Heavy_Metal_Ions_from_Water_by_Graft_Copolymerization_of_Acrylonitrile_onto_Date_Palm_Fiber_Using_H2O2_Fe_as_an_Initiator?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_51281403","summary":"The study is aimed at assessing how the date palm wood fibers (DPWF) can be used for the removal of heavy metals from water. The study involved examination of the radical polymerization and graft polymerization parameters such as reaction period, reaction time, monomer volume, amount of the catalyst, and concentration of initiator to obtain the maximum yield of graft polymerization. Fiber and copolymer were characterized using SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy to ensure the completion of polymerization. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used for treating the grafted copolymers for the preparation of polyamidoxime chelating resin, which was then examined for removing the heavy metal ions. Different resin dosages, contact time, and initial concentrations were used, and the batch technique experiment was utilized. The study also applied the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, and Langmuir was found to be better. The absorption ability was found to be better for polyamidoxime resin for metal...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69069246,"asset_id":51281403,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34860126,"first_name":"Faraj","last_name":"Abuilaiwi","domain_name":"uohb","page_name":"FarajAbuilaiwi","display_name":"Faraj Abuilaiwi","profile_url":"https://uohb.academia.edu/FarajAbuilaiwi?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14364043" data-work_id="14364043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14364043/Theoretical_Approaches_to_Neutral_and_Charged_Polymer_Brushes">Theoretical Approaches to Neutral and Charged Polymer Brushes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14364043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f5e5682ba09e5025b62ae1e25e49c47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44281147,"asset_id":14364043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44281147/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33308446" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/AliNaji">Ali Naji</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33308446" type="text/json">{"id":33308446,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Naji","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"AliNaji","display_name":"Ali Naji","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/AliNaji?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14364043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14364043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14364043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14364043", }); 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in fact the thermomechanical history subjected by the polymer affects directly the crystalline microstructure and the crystallinity. In this work we aim to draw a global... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35931274" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Processing conditions of polymers governs the final part properties; in fact the thermomechanical history subjected by the polymer affects directly the crystalline microstructure and the crystallinity. In this work we aim to draw a global view about the crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of Polylactide (PLA). Unfortunately, the crystallization kinetics of PLA is very slow and limits the possibility to extend its application in several industrials domains. The enhancement of the PLA crystallization kinetic can be obtained by addition of nucleating agents of by ordering the molecular chains during flow, as in processing conditions. In this paper, we propose to highlight the competition between several parameters, as the shear rate, the temperature kinetics and the shearing time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35931274" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f5dcf91a3899a142e27afd9cedd2b23" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55813028,"asset_id":35931274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55813028/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33969261" href="https://usach.academia.edu/DennisSiginer">Dennis A . Siginer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33969261" type="text/json">{"id":33969261,"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Siginer","domain_name":"usach","page_name":"DennisSiginer","display_name":"Dennis A . Siginer","profile_url":"https://usach.academia.edu/DennisSiginer?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33969261/11229757/12529882/s65_dennis.siginer.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35931274">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35931274"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MBoutaous">M. 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In this work we aim to draw a global view about the crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of Polylactide (PLA). Unfortunately, the crystallization kinetics of PLA is very slow and limits the possibility to extend its application in several industrials domains. The enhancement of the PLA crystallization kinetic can be obtained by addition of nucleating agents of by ordering the molecular chains during flow, as in processing conditions. In this paper, we propose to highlight the competition between several parameters, as the shear rate, the temperature kinetics and the shearing time.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55813028,"asset_id":35931274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33969261,"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Siginer","domain_name":"usach","page_name":"DennisSiginer","display_name":"Dennis A . Siginer","profile_url":"https://usach.academia.edu/DennisSiginer?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33969261/11229757/12529882/s65_dennis.siginer.jpg"},{"id":38889239,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Boutaous","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBoutaous","display_name":"M. Boutaous","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBoutaous?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":12597,"name":"Crystallization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystallization?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":33661,"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_and_Mass_Transfer?f_ri=2720"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10848081" data-work_id="10848081" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10848081/Wear_of_Polymers_and_Composites">Wear of Polymers and Composites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">“Wear of Polymers and Composites” is basically prepared to be used by senior and graduate students of tribology; yet, the author hops the current work be of interest to a larger pool of readership. The book, therefore, introduces... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10848081" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“Wear of Polymers and Composites” is basically prepared to be used by senior and graduate students of tribology; yet, the author hops the current work be of interest to a larger pool of readership. The book, therefore, introduces fundamentals of polymer tribology and sliding mechanics. It establishes a link between the load parameters and wear response, and shows how they are important in determining the mechanism of fatigue wear. Furthermore, a new approach to explore the effect of surface defects on the wear behaviour of polymers is introduced. On the other hand, it discusses the tribological characteristics of externally and internally lubricated polymers. Wear of composite materials is also carefully discussed in the light of many publications. Different methods for polymer wear evaluation are described in terms of tribometers configurations, controlled and measured parameters including procedures recommended in testing wear of polymeric materials. Fundamentals and capabilities of different well-known methods used in predicting wear of polymers are presented. In particular, an intelligent algorithm, in the form of Artificial Neural Network has been introduced to map the relationship between wear rate, applied loads, sliding conditions, and number of surface cracks. <br />Overall, the book extends a summary of valuable pioneer and up-to-date publications established by a number of research workers in the field of polymer tribology. At the end of each chapter, relevant important references are presented in order to build a useful index for future needs.  Hopefully, this book provides a comprehensive discussion and fair knowledge of the present understanding of wear of polymers and their composites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10848081" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9679b38993e0ed2b60b690f12d9da1c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36721410,"asset_id":10848081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36721410/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15712536" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdelbaryAhmed">Abdelbary Ahmed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15712536" type="text/json">{"id":15712536,"first_name":"Abdelbary","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdelbaryAhmed","display_name":"Abdelbary Ahmed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdelbaryAhmed?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15712536/4247654/4941844/s65_abdelbary.ahmed.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10848081 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10848081"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10848081, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10848081", }); 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yet, the author hops the current work be of interest to a larger pool of readership. The book, therefore, introduces fundamentals of polymer tribology and sliding mechanics. It establishes a link between the load parameters and wear response, and shows how they are important in determining the mechanism of fatigue wear. Furthermore, a new approach to explore the effect of surface defects on the wear behaviour of polymers is introduced. On the other hand, it discusses the tribological characteristics of externally and internally lubricated polymers. Wear of composite materials is also carefully discussed in the light of many publications. Different methods for polymer wear evaluation are described in terms of tribometers configurations, controlled and measured parameters including procedures recommended in testing wear of polymeric materials. Fundamentals and capabilities of different well-known methods used in predicting wear of polymers are presented. In particular, an intelligent algorithm, in the form of Artificial Neural Network has been introduced to map the relationship between wear rate, applied loads, sliding conditions, and number of surface cracks. \r\nOverall, the book extends a summary of valuable pioneer and up-to-date publications established by a number of research workers in the field of polymer tribology. At the end of each chapter, relevant important references are presented in order to build a useful index for future needs. Hopefully, this book provides a comprehensive discussion and fair knowledge of the present understanding of wear of polymers and their composites. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36721410,"asset_id":10848081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":36660146,"asset_id":10848081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15712536,"first_name":"Abdelbary","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdelbaryAhmed","display_name":"Abdelbary Ahmed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdelbaryAhmed?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15712536/4247654/4941844/s65_abdelbary.ahmed.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":23032,"name":"Tribology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribology?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1573609" data-work_id="1573609" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1573609/A_unified_model_for_stiffness_modulus_of_amorphous_polymers_across_transition_temperatures_and_strain_rates">A unified model for stiffness modulus of amorphous polymers across transition temperatures and strain rates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In many applications, polymer materials undergo a large variety of mechanical loading conditions, wherein the influences of temperature and strain rate are of prime importance. Mahieux and Reifsnider [Mahieux CA, Reifsnider KL. Polymer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1573609" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In many applications, polymer materials undergo a large variety of mechanical loading conditions, wherein the influences of temperature and strain rate are of prime importance. Mahieux and Reifsnider [Mahieux CA, Reifsnider KL. Polymer 2001;42:3281. [19]] have proposed a statistical model to describe the stiffness variation of polymers over a wide range of temperatures. However, this model does not consider any frequency/strain rate dependence of the stiffness modulus. Starting from this consideration, we propose here to transform this latter model into a robust physically based model for the prediction of the stiffness modulus for a wide range of temperatures and frequencies/strain rates. This new formulation has been successfully validated for two amorphous polymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC), using dynamic mechanical analysis and uniaxial compression testing. Good agreement has been found between theory and experiment for the non-linear behavior of the initial Young's modulus, at the very high strain rates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1573609" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e5d76fb3cabd9d06ab9eb98ae9e279a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30256817,"asset_id":1573609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30256817/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1765613" href="https://unistra.academia.edu/YvesR%C3%A9mond">Yves Rémond</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1765613" type="text/json">{"id":1765613,"first_name":"Yves","last_name":"Rémond","domain_name":"unistra","page_name":"YvesRémond","display_name":"Yves Rémond","profile_url":"https://unistra.academia.edu/YvesR%C3%A9mond?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1765613/752963/14435986/s65_yves.r_mond.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1573609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1573609"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1573609, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1573609", }); 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Mahieux and Reifsnider [Mahieux CA, Reifsnider KL. Polymer 2001;42:3281. [19]] have proposed a statistical model to describe the stiffness variation of polymers over a wide range of temperatures. However, this model does not consider any frequency/strain rate dependence of the stiffness modulus. Starting from this consideration, we propose here to transform this latter model into a robust physically based model for the prediction of the stiffness modulus for a wide range of temperatures and frequencies/strain rates. This new formulation has been successfully validated for two amorphous polymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC), using dynamic mechanical analysis and uniaxial compression testing. Good agreement has been found between theory and experiment for the non-linear behavior of the initial Young's modulus, at the very high strain rates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30256817,"asset_id":1573609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1765613,"first_name":"Yves","last_name":"Rémond","domain_name":"unistra","page_name":"YvesRémond","display_name":"Yves Rémond","profile_url":"https://unistra.academia.edu/YvesR%C3%A9mond?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1765613/752963/14435986/s65_yves.r_mond.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14754553" data-work_id="14754553" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14754553/Gelling_Time_and_Casting_Technique_of_Thermoset_Sample">Gelling Time and Casting Technique of Thermoset Sample</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14754553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16644d8e27fb113d18457675411aa5e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38416825,"asset_id":14754553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38416825/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24109149" href="https://unimap.academia.edu/widiperdanaian">Ian Widi Perdana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24109149" type="text/json">{"id":24109149,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Widi Perdana","domain_name":"unimap","page_name":"widiperdanaian","display_name":"Ian Widi Perdana","profile_url":"https://unimap.academia.edu/widiperdanaian?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24109149/6808232/13063239/s65_ian.widi_perdana.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14754553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14754553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14754553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14754553", }); 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Fire behaviors of non-charring and charring polymers were then investigated in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5761347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Besides piloted ignition, autoignition is also an important aspect to real fire development as combustible materials may be ignited without independent flame. Fire behaviors of non-charring and charring polymers were then investigated in a cone calorimeter under autoignition conditions. Fire risk of non-charring polymers are higher than those of charring polymers because of high heat release, and the increase of heat release rate is much obvious with a higher heat flux or thickness. Charring polymers seem to have a higher CO yield, while non-charring polymers have a higher CO2 yield. Ignition methods have influences to combustion efficiency of non-charring polymers as effective heat of combustion under autoignition are observed lower than those reference data under piloted ignition conditions. Its influences to charring polymers are not obvious. Both CO and CO2 yields under flaming combustion are higher than those under non-flaming combustion, but mass percent of carbon seem to has limited effect. Experimental data in this study can provide a guidance to fire risk evaluation of non-charring and charring polymers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5761347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6812a5a426449eaf5568442fa07b52d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32788030,"asset_id":5761347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32788030/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2302976" href="https://nus.academia.edu/LongSHI">Long SHI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2302976" type="text/json">{"id":2302976,"first_name":"Long","last_name":"SHI","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"LongSHI","display_name":"Long SHI","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/LongSHI?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2302976/731440/8785813/s65_long.shi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5761347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5761347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5761347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5761347", }); 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Fire behaviors of non-charring and charring polymers were then investigated in a cone calorimeter under autoignition conditions. Fire risk of non-charring polymers are higher than those of charring polymers because of high heat release, and the increase of heat release rate is much obvious with a higher heat flux or thickness. Charring polymers seem to have a higher CO yield, while non-charring polymers have a higher CO2 yield. Ignition methods have influences to combustion efficiency of non-charring polymers as effective heat of combustion under autoignition are observed lower than those reference data under piloted ignition conditions. Its influences to charring polymers are not obvious. Both CO and CO2 yields under flaming combustion are higher than those under non-flaming combustion, but mass percent of carbon seem to has limited effect. Experimental data in this study can provide a guidance to fire risk evaluation of non-charring and charring polymers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32788030,"asset_id":5761347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2302976,"first_name":"Long","last_name":"SHI","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"LongSHI","display_name":"Long SHI","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/LongSHI?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2302976/731440/8785813/s65_long.shi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2298,"name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":6263,"name":"Combustion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combustion?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":11820,"name":"Modeling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":18634,"name":"Internal Combustion Engines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Combustion_Engines?f_ri=2720"},{"id":68257,"name":"Fire Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire_Science?f_ri=2720"},{"id":71905,"name":"Carbon Monoxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Monoxide?f_ri=2720"},{"id":97096,"name":"Fire Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire_Engineering?f_ri=2720"},{"id":186787,"name":"Fire Safety Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire_Safety_Modeling?f_ri=2720"},{"id":614383,"name":"Fire Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire_Behavior?f_ri=2720"},{"id":1231267,"name":"One-dimensional Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/One-dimensional_Modeling?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4801204" data-work_id="4801204" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4801204/Synthesis_and_Properties_of_Anion_Exchangers_Derived_from_Chloromethyl_Styrene_Codivinylbenzene_and_Their_Use_in_Water_Treatment">Synthesis and Properties of Anion Exchangers Derived from Chloromethyl Styrene Codivinylbenzene and Their Use in Water Treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4801204" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6201247" href="https://drc-egypt.academia.edu/heshamezzeldin">hesham ezzeldin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6201247" type="text/json">{"id":6201247,"first_name":"hesham","last_name":"ezzeldin","domain_name":"drc-egypt","page_name":"heshamezzeldin","display_name":"hesham ezzeldin","profile_url":"https://drc-egypt.academia.edu/heshamezzeldin?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4801204 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4801204"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4801204, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4801204", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4801204 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26088870/SYNTHESIS_OF_NANO_POLYIMIDE_FOR_MICROELECTRONIC_APPLICATIONS">SYNTHESIS OF NANO-POLYIMIDE FOR MICROELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nanocrystalline aromatic polyimide films were prepared by imidization processes from Poly (amic acid) (PAA) of poly (pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxydianiline) (PM). The crystal structure, particle size, chemical structure,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26088870" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nanocrystalline aromatic polyimide films were prepared by imidization processes from Poly (amic acid) (PAA) of poly (pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxydianiline) (PM). The crystal structure, particle size, chemical structure, morphology, thermal stability, weight loss and optical properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetry / differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and UV-2300 spectrophotometer respectively. The results revealed the preparation of fully crystalline polyimide with new values of high thermal stability, high energy band gap, high optical and electrical conductivity and low dielectric value. The obtained results suggested the suitability of the prepared polyimide for microelectronic applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26088870" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a3aafaa12256ac470d0fb81dc50da11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46441834,"asset_id":26088870,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46441834/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24308591" href="https://wwwsvu.academia.edu/EbnalwaledHufny">Ebnalwaled Hufny</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24308591" type="text/json">{"id":24308591,"first_name":"Ebnalwaled","last_name":"Hufny","domain_name":"wwwsvu","page_name":"EbnalwaledHufny","display_name":"Ebnalwaled Hufny","profile_url":"https://wwwsvu.academia.edu/EbnalwaledHufny?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24308591/7195822/14716664/s65_ebnalwaled.hufny.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26088870 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26088870"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26088870, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26088870", }); 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The crystal structure, particle size, chemical structure, morphology, thermal stability, weight loss and optical properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetry / differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and UV-2300 spectrophotometer respectively. The results revealed the preparation of fully crystalline polyimide with new values of high thermal stability, high energy band gap, high optical and electrical conductivity and low dielectric value. The obtained results suggested the suitability of the prepared polyimide for microelectronic applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46441834,"asset_id":26088870,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24308591,"first_name":"Ebnalwaled","last_name":"Hufny","domain_name":"wwwsvu","page_name":"EbnalwaledHufny","display_name":"Ebnalwaled Hufny","profile_url":"https://wwwsvu.academia.edu/EbnalwaledHufny?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24308591/7195822/14716664/s65_ebnalwaled.hufny.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":123470,"name":"Optoelectronics and Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optoelectronics_and_Photonics?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } 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data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colloids_and_Surfaces">Colloids and Surfaces</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3746" type="text/json">{"id":3746,"name":"Colloids and Surfaces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colloids_and_Surfaces?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21322" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocomposites">Biocomposites</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21322" type="text/json">{"id":21322,"name":"Biocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocomposites?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12096717]'), work: {"id":12096717,"title":"Characterisation of Esparto Grass Fibers Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites","created_at":"2015-04-24T14:25:28.906-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12096717/Characterisation_of_Esparto_Grass_Fibers_Reinforced_Biodegradable_Polymer_Composites?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_12096717","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37413913,"asset_id":12096717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4525707,"first_name":"Maghchiche","last_name":"Abdelhak","domain_name":"batna","page_name":"MaghchicheAbdelhak","display_name":"Maghchiche Abdelhak","profile_url":"https://batna.academia.edu/MaghchicheAbdelhak?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4525707/43588457/34590594/s65_maghchiche.abdelhak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":3746,"name":"Colloids and Surfaces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colloids_and_Surfaces?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":21322,"name":"Biocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocomposites?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":22441,"name":"Natural Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Polymers?f_ri=2720"},{"id":34550,"name":"Polymer Nanocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Nanocomposites?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19156028 coauthored" data-work_id="19156028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19156028/PERFORMANCE_OF_A_MODIFIED_EXTRUDER_FOR_POLYESTER_FIBER_PRODUCTION_USING_RECYCLED_PET_DESEMPE_NO_DE_UN_EXTRUSOR_MODIFICADO_PARA_LA_PRODUCCI_ON_DE_FIBRA_POLIESTER_HECHAS_DE_PET_RECICLADO">PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED EXTRUDER FOR POLYESTER FIBER PRODUCTION USING RECYCLED PET DESEMPE NO DE UN EXTRUSOR MODIFICADO PARA LA PRODUCCI ON DE FIBRA POLIESTER HECHAS DE PET RECICLADO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19156028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dbfc2fbfb12e567d551ac007a013a472" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40461761,"asset_id":19156028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40461761/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39353181" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuanTapia41">Juan Tapia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39353181" type="text/json">{"id":39353181,"first_name":"Juan","last_name":"Tapia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JuanTapia41","display_name":"Juan Tapia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JuanTapia41?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19156028">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19156028"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wwwcinvestav.academia.edu/GabrielLunabarcenas">Gabriel Luna-barcenas</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19156028'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19156028').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19156028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19156028"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19156028, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19156028", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19156028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19156028").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19156028"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering">Polymer Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59" type="text/json">{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19156028]'), work: {"id":19156028,"title":"PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED EXTRUDER FOR POLYESTER FIBER PRODUCTION USING RECYCLED PET DESEMPE NO DE UN EXTRUSOR MODIFICADO PARA LA PRODUCCI ON DE FIBRA POLIESTER HECHAS DE PET RECICLADO","created_at":"2015-11-28T15:26:57.477-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19156028/PERFORMANCE_OF_A_MODIFIED_EXTRUDER_FOR_POLYESTER_FIBER_PRODUCTION_USING_RECYCLED_PET_DESEMPE_NO_DE_UN_EXTRUSOR_MODIFICADO_PARA_LA_PRODUCCI_ON_DE_FIBRA_POLIESTER_HECHAS_DE_PET_RECICLADO?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_19156028","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40461761,"asset_id":19156028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39353181,"first_name":"Juan","last_name":"Tapia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JuanTapia41","display_name":"Juan Tapia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JuanTapia41?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39744753,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Luna-barcenas","domain_name":"wwwcinvestav","page_name":"GabrielLunabarcenas","display_name":"Gabriel Luna-barcenas","profile_url":"https://wwwcinvestav.academia.edu/GabrielLunabarcenas?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38609044 coauthored" data-work_id="38609044" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38609044/Properties_of_Edible_Films_Based_on_Oxidized_Starch_and_Zein">Properties of Edible Films Based on Oxidized Starch and Zein</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of zein and film formulation on mechanical and structural properties of native (FNS), and oxidized with 2.5% (FOSA) and 3.5% (FOSB) banana starch. The oxidized starch showed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38609044" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of zein and film formulation on mechanical and structural properties of native (FNS), and oxidized with 2.5% (FOSA) and 3.5% (FOSB) banana starch. The oxidized starch showed differences from native starch due to the oxidation process, showing a decrease in lipids, proteins, and amylose. The increase of the sodium hypochlorite increased the content of carbonyl and carboxyl groups in the ranges 0.015–0.028% and 0.022–0.031%, respectively. The film obtained from FOSB displayed the highest tensile strength (5.05 MPa) and satisfactory elongation value (27.1%). The zein addition caused a decrease in these mechanical properties, as well as a significant decrease in water vapour permeability (WVP). However, films from FOSA and FOSB showed higher permeability than that of the native starch. The addition of glycerol and the level of oxidation increased the films moisture. Micrographs showed that, during the oxidation process, impurities...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38609044" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32765ea963668a780e3a8e9d169e7a4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58685389,"asset_id":38609044,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58685389/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19121295" href="https://ipn.academia.edu/EmmanuelFloresHuicochea">Emmanuel Flores Huicochea</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19121295" type="text/json">{"id":19121295,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Flores Huicochea","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"EmmanuelFloresHuicochea","display_name":"Emmanuel Flores Huicochea","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/EmmanuelFloresHuicochea?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38609044">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38609044"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ipn.academia.edu/JSolorzaferia">J. Solorza-feria</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38609044'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38609044').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38609044 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38609044"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38609044, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38609044", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38609044 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38609044; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38609044"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38609044 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38609044"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38609044; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38609044]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38609044").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38609044").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38609044"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38609044]'), work: {"id":38609044,"title":"Properties of Edible Films Based on Oxidized Starch and Zein","created_at":"2019-03-22T14:01:29.558-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38609044/Properties_of_Edible_Films_Based_on_Oxidized_Starch_and_Zein?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_38609044","summary":"The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of zein and film formulation on mechanical and structural properties of native (FNS), and oxidized with 2.5% (FOSA) and 3.5% (FOSB) banana starch. The oxidized starch showed differences from native starch due to the oxidation process, showing a decrease in lipids, proteins, and amylose. The increase of the sodium hypochlorite increased the content of carbonyl and carboxyl groups in the ranges 0.015–0.028% and 0.022–0.031%, respectively. The film obtained from FOSB displayed the highest tensile strength (5.05 MPa) and satisfactory elongation value (27.1%). The zein addition caused a decrease in these mechanical properties, as well as a significant decrease in water vapour permeability (WVP). However, films from FOSA and FOSB showed higher permeability than that of the native starch. The addition of glycerol and the level of oxidation increased the films moisture. Micrographs showed that, during the oxidation process, impurities...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58685389,"asset_id":38609044,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19121295,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Flores Huicochea","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"EmmanuelFloresHuicochea","display_name":"Emmanuel Flores Huicochea","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/EmmanuelFloresHuicochea?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39302838,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Solorza-feria","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"JSolorzaferia","display_name":"J. Solorza-feria","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/JSolorzaferia?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44863442" data-work_id="44863442" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44863442/Finding_of_Relationships_between_Cohesive_Energy_Glass_Transition_Temperature_and_Melting_Point_for_Various_Polymers">Finding of Relationships between Cohesive Energy, Glass Transition Temperature and Melting Point for Various Polymers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this research, the dependence of glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) on the specific cohesive energy was studied for various non-& low polar and polar polymers. It was found that the studied thermo-physical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44863442" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this research, the dependence of glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) on the specific cohesive energy was studied for various non-& low polar and polar polymers. It was found that the studied thermo-physical features of polymers correlate much better with the volume cohesive energy (Ev) than with the molar cohesive energy (Em). When using polymers belonging to a certain group, only non-& low polar or only polar, a linear dependence Tg = f(Ev) was obtained with relative small deviation. However, when studying this dependence for all studied polymers of different groups, the linear correlation is highly disturbed. This disturbance can be explained by the fact that the concept of cohesive energy was developed only for non-& low polar polymers. In order to adapt this theory to polar polymers, it is necessary to introduce a special correction to eliminate the contribution associated with polar interactions and hydrogen bonds to the cohesive energy. After calculating the corrected volume cohesive energy (Ev,c) the linear regression equations, Tx = aEv,c + b, with high correlation coefficients were derived for all polymers of different classes,  where Tx is Tg or Tm; and a, b are coefficients.  The relationship between Tm and Tg was also obtained.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44863442" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d3afef19825431c022cbdcd6de0a341" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65374187,"asset_id":44863442,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65374187/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2788097" href="https://weizmann.academia.edu/MichaelIoelovich">Michael Ioelovich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2788097" type="text/json">{"id":2788097,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Ioelovich","domain_name":"weizmann","page_name":"MichaelIoelovich","display_name":"Michael Ioelovich","profile_url":"https://weizmann.academia.edu/MichaelIoelovich?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2788097/911838/1139589/s65_michael.ioelovich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44863442 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44863442"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44863442, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44863442", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44863442 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44863442; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44863442"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44863442 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44863442"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44863442; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44863442]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44863442").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44863442").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44863442"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44863442]'), work: {"id":44863442,"title":"Finding of Relationships between Cohesive Energy, Glass Transition Temperature and Melting Point for Various Polymers","created_at":"2021-01-08T09:17:18.706-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44863442/Finding_of_Relationships_between_Cohesive_Energy_Glass_Transition_Temperature_and_Melting_Point_for_Various_Polymers?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_44863442","summary":"In this research, the dependence of glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) on the specific cohesive energy was studied for various non-\u0026 low polar and polar polymers. It was found that the studied thermo-physical features of polymers correlate much better with the volume cohesive energy (Ev) than with the molar cohesive energy (Em). When using polymers belonging to a certain group, only non-\u0026 low polar or only polar, a linear dependence Tg = f(Ev) was obtained with relative small deviation. However, when studying this dependence for all studied polymers of different groups, the linear correlation is highly disturbed. This disturbance can be explained by the fact that the concept of cohesive energy was developed only for non-\u0026 low polar polymers. In order to adapt this theory to polar polymers, it is necessary to introduce a special correction to eliminate the contribution associated with polar interactions and hydrogen bonds to the cohesive energy. After calculating the corrected volume cohesive energy (Ev,c) the linear regression equations, Tx = aEv,c + b, with high correlation coefficients were derived for all polymers of different classes, where Tx is Tg or Tm; and a, b are coefficients. The relationship between Tm and Tg was also obtained.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65374187,"asset_id":44863442,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2788097,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Ioelovich","domain_name":"weizmann","page_name":"MichaelIoelovich","display_name":"Michael Ioelovich","profile_url":"https://weizmann.academia.edu/MichaelIoelovich?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2788097/911838/1139589/s65_michael.ioelovich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21016898" data-work_id="21016898" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21016898/Bisphenol_A_polycarbonate_poly_butylene_terephthalate_transesterification_I_Theoretical_study_of_the_structure_and_of_the_degree_of_randomness_in_four_component_">Bisphenol‐A polycarbonatepoly (butylene terephthalate) transesterification. I. Theoretical study of the structure and of the degree of randomness in four‐component …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is the first of a series devoted to various aspects of exchange reactions in molten bis-phenol-A polycarbonate-poly(buty1ene terephthalate) mixtures. The statistical aspects of exchange reactions between two polycondensates... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21016898" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is the first of a series devoted to various aspects of exchange reactions in molten bis-phenol-A polycarbonate-poly(buty1ene terephthalate) mixtures. The statistical aspects of exchange reactions between two polycondensates of different chemical structure are ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21016898" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b34b02c3807c3951852300b4324f720" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41672909,"asset_id":21016898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41672909/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37537198" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/jeanmariedereppe">jean marie dereppe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37537198" type="text/json">{"id":37537198,"first_name":"jean marie","last_name":"dereppe","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"jeanmariedereppe","display_name":"jean marie dereppe","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/jeanmariedereppe?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21016898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21016898"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21016898, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21016898", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21016898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21016898; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21016898"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21016898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21016898"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21016898; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21016898]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21016898").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21016898").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21016898"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer">Polymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58527" type="text/json">{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/bisphenol_A">bisphenol A</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82446" type="text/json">{"id":82446,"name":"bisphenol A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/bisphenol_A?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21016898]'), work: {"id":21016898,"title":"Bisphenol‐A polycarbonatepoly (butylene terephthalate) transesterification. I. Theoretical study of the structure and of the degree of randomness in four‐component …","created_at":"2016-01-27T23:32:55.465-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21016898/Bisphenol_A_polycarbonate_poly_butylene_terephthalate_transesterification_I_Theoretical_study_of_the_structure_and_of_the_degree_of_randomness_in_four_component_?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_21016898","summary":"This article is the first of a series devoted to various aspects of exchange reactions in molten bis-phenol-A polycarbonate-poly(buty1ene terephthalate) mixtures. The statistical aspects of exchange reactions between two polycondensates of different chemical structure are ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41672909,"asset_id":21016898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37537198,"first_name":"jean marie","last_name":"dereppe","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"jeanmariedereppe","display_name":"jean marie dereppe","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/jeanmariedereppe?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":82446,"name":"bisphenol A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/bisphenol_A?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":184909,"name":"Structure Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_Analysis?f_ri=2720"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=2720"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4674069" data-work_id="4674069" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4674069/Chains_of_Opportunity_The_University_of_Akron_and_the_Emergence_of_the_Polymer_Age_1909_2007">Chains of Opportunity: The University of Akron and the Emergence of the Polymer Age, 1909-2007</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Archaeologists have defined past civilizations by the materials that predominated in their societies. The evolution of the use of these materials—stone, bronze, and iron—enabled significant and concurrent changes in the cultures that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4674069" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Archaeologists have defined past civilizations by the materials that predominated in their societies. The evolution of the use of these materials—stone, bronze, and iron—enabled significant and concurrent changes in the cultures that mastered them. The ability to develop, shape, and use these substances has been one of the measures of a civilization’s capabilities, so much so that we now identify them as the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. Historians have also associated the comings and goings of other, more recent, periods with the prevalence of particular types of materials. Brooke Hindle identified America’s pre-Civil War period as its “Wooden Age,” and he characterized the society as one that was “pervasively conditioned by wood.”  This dependence slowly subsided after 1850 and was replaced in part by metals and the corresponding products of industrialization.  <br /> <br />There was one common characteristic that defined these former ages. The materials in question all came from nature. However, at the dawning of the twentieth century, scientists and engineers began to master a new class of materials called polymers. Although some of these occurred in nature (like spider silk or natural rubber), other polymers were made in laboratories and factories and had properties superior to those existing in the natural world. Over the past century, the ability to create and manipulate natural and synthetic polymers has resulted in a revolutionary transformation of our own material culture. One hundred years ago, the artifacts of everyday life were made of wood, stone, textiles, glass, or metal. This is no longer the case, as polymers now often replace these substances and enhance the quality of the products made with them. The result is that the emergence of polymers has become one of the most significant scientific and engineering achievements in the past century. The father of polymer education, Herman Mark, suggested in 1982 that society was “coming to an age in polymer science.”  In 1976, an author in Chemical Week simply christened this the “polymer age.”  <br /> <br />Although it is often difficult and arbitrary to pinpoint dates of when “ages” like this begin or end, it might be argued that the Polymer Age had its beginnings in the late 1970s. While the earliest polymer discoveries took place in the 1920s, it was not until a half century later that the consumption of synthetic polymer materials overtook metals in the United States.  In 1973, the United States produced the same amount of synthetic polymers as it did steel—15.5 million cubic meters.  In 1976, the United States consumed more plastics than metal on a per volume basis for the first time, and plastics became the most consumed synthetic material in the country.  The rapidity with which polymers became so prevalent is an astonishing story.  In the 1930s, the United States produced virtually no polymers. Forty years later, it produced twenty-three million metric tons. In 1900, only a handful of chemists concerned themselves with materials that would later be known as “polymers,” and none knew what they truly were. Today, half of all chemists work with them in one form or another.  Statistics like these are strong indicators that a new material age has begun. <br /> <br />Cultural indicators also point to a sea change since the 1970s in how we value polymer or plastic products. Consider how the idea of plastics was interpreted by Hollywood and pop music stars in the 1960s. In the 1967 film The Graduate, Benjamin Braddock (played by Dustin Hoffman) was told by one of his father’s colleagues that the future lay in one word—“plastics.” To Braddock, this suggestion conveyed a sense of conformity, selling-out, boredom, and cheap imitation. The audience of the 1960s easily understood how the mere suggestion of “plastics” symbolized the dull life Braddock would eagerly try to escape. It reminded viewers of a similar song released that same year by pop duo Sonny and Cher, who sang about the “plastic man.” Their lyrics warned about a man not to be trusted, like someone selling cars on television. He was working day and night, not disclosing he was recruiting everyone for his commercial desires. They sang, “He’s doing everyone he can . . . Plastic Man.” The Beatles Rubber Soul album, released in the mid 1960s, further exemplified the negative connotation of another polymer term. <br /> <br />Significantly, an important cultural shift has occurred since then. By the 1970s, the image of plastics began to lose its substandard connotations and instead conveyed the belief that polymers represented a new and potentially better way of life.  Symbolizing this phenomenon was an unlikely musician who recognized the emergence of polymers as a new dominant material reality. From 1976 to 1979, legendary punk rock singer Marion Elliot adopted the pseudonym “Poly Styrene” to make a statement about the significance of the changes she saw happening around her.  She created a character who idealized the glamour of plastic and echoed a youth movement that would eventually come to embrace a new polymer world. She chose the name Poly Styrene for this persona as she herself became infatuated with “plastic” society. One of her songs, a top-thirty hit in London, was called “The Day the World Turned Day-Glo;” in its lyrics she observed that polymers were over taking society. <br /> <br />This song paralleled the dawn of a new material era—a Polymer Age. <br /> <br />While it is now nearly impossible to go about a normal day without interacting in significant ways with polymers, they have ironically become something of a unseen substance. As Steve Love, Akron journalist and coauthor of Wheels of Fortune, wrote, “Polymers have an identity problem. They are, comparatively speaking, invisible . . . .”  <br /> <br />This invisibility needs to change. <br /> <br /> After the process of vulcanization was established in 1839, natural rubber quickly became one of the vital material components of society. The dependence upon it grew so great that during World War II, when the United States realized that it could be easily cut off from the world’s sources of natural rubber, its entire military operation nearly ground to a halt. Without rubber, the greatest military nation in the world would be quickly rendered powerless. The quest to develop synthetic rubber during World War II led in part to the predominance of the synthetic polymer materials that surround us almost invisibly. We are living in the midst of a Polymer Age, and few of us realize it, or even know what this means. As Jeffrey L. Meikle argued in his book American Plastic, “most people ignored . . . that the United States entered the ‘Plastics Age’ in 1979 when the annual volume of plastic exceeded that of steel.”  We can no longer ignore its presence in our lives, and the history of its emergence requires telling. <br /> <br />With some notable exceptions, there is a disproportionate relationship between the significance of polymers and the number of historical, scientific, and popular discussions that analyze their development. <br /> <br />Compared to the number of scholarly studies on other scientific and technological developments like computers, automobiles, and electricity, historians have also been surprisingly quiet on the subject of polymers.  The retrospective studies that do exist were largely written by former polymer practitioners. These “insider” stories include memoirs, review articles, and autobiographies. Ffor the most part, biographical treatments have far superseded the institutional perspective of the history of polymers. <br /> <br />There is no question that institutions have been essential to the emergence of the Polymer Age, and their historical neglect is an oversight that requires attention. An institutional perspective can help us understand the intellectual and social foundations from which polymer science and engineering developed. Much as an individual’s biography yields important insights into a particular historical context, so, too, does an institutional focus reveal key perspectives. The Polymer Age arose through an international network of researchers working within large academic, industrial, and governmental organizations that over time developed the scientific and engineering skills to create and commercialize polymers. Among these institutions are academic programs (including the University of Akron, the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Case Western Reserve University, California Institute of Technology, the University of Southern Mississippi, and Brooklyn Polytechnic), industrial organizations (including IG Farben, DuPont, Dow Chemical, Goodyear, Bridgestone/Firestone, B. F. Goodrich, and General Tire), and various government agencies and scientific societies like the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society. <br /> <br />It is beyond the scope of this book to present a sweeping account of the entire network of institutions responsible for the emergence of the Polymer Age over the past century. Instead, this book examines the story within the framework of one academic institution that has played the longest, and arguably the most influential, role in creating and shaping the Polymer Age—the University of Akron. This university has played a signal role in the emergence of the Polymer Age starting in 1909 when Charles Knight offered the world’s first complete course in rubber chemistry, marking the birth of a new academic discipline. This course has now evolved into an entire college—the College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering—which has been ranked for the last ten years as one of the top two academic institutions in the United States in the field.  An examination of the near century in between the foundation of the course and the flourishing of the college, demonstrates how these long polymer chains became chains of opportunity for an academic discipline, an economic region, and a university.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4674069" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d46cb46ea15f864196964d156eef5c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32374350,"asset_id":4674069,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32374350/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5933447" href="https://apus.academia.edu/MDB">Mark Bowles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5933447" type="text/json">{"id":5933447,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Bowles","domain_name":"apus","page_name":"MDB","display_name":"Mark Bowles","profile_url":"https://apus.academia.edu/MDB?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5933447/2524444/15004354/s65_mark.bowles.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4674069 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4674069"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4674069, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4674069", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4674069 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4674069; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4674069"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4674069 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4674069"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4674069; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4674069]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4674069").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4674069").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4674069"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering">Polymer Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59" type="text/json">{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4674069]'), work: {"id":4674069,"title":"Chains of Opportunity: The University of Akron and the Emergence of the Polymer Age, 1909-2007","created_at":"2013-10-04T02:22:48.438-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4674069/Chains_of_Opportunity_The_University_of_Akron_and_the_Emergence_of_the_Polymer_Age_1909_2007?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_4674069","summary":"Archaeologists have defined past civilizations by the materials that predominated in their societies. The evolution of the use of these materials—stone, bronze, and iron—enabled significant and concurrent changes in the cultures that mastered them. The ability to develop, shape, and use these substances has been one of the measures of a civilization’s capabilities, so much so that we now identify them as the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. Historians have also associated the comings and goings of other, more recent, periods with the prevalence of particular types of materials. Brooke Hindle identified America’s pre-Civil War period as its “Wooden Age,” and he characterized the society as one that was “pervasively conditioned by wood.” This dependence slowly subsided after 1850 and was replaced in part by metals and the corresponding products of industrialization. \r\n\r\nThere was one common characteristic that defined these former ages. The materials in question all came from nature. However, at the dawning of the twentieth century, scientists and engineers began to master a new class of materials called polymers. Although some of these occurred in nature (like spider silk or natural rubber), other polymers were made in laboratories and factories and had properties superior to those existing in the natural world. Over the past century, the ability to create and manipulate natural and synthetic polymers has resulted in a revolutionary transformation of our own material culture. One hundred years ago, the artifacts of everyday life were made of wood, stone, textiles, glass, or metal. This is no longer the case, as polymers now often replace these substances and enhance the quality of the products made with them. The result is that the emergence of polymers has become one of the most significant scientific and engineering achievements in the past century. The father of polymer education, Herman Mark, suggested in 1982 that society was “coming to an age in polymer science.” In 1976, an author in Chemical Week simply christened this the “polymer age.” \r\n\r\nAlthough it is often difficult and arbitrary to pinpoint dates of when “ages” like this begin or end, it might be argued that the Polymer Age had its beginnings in the late 1970s. While the earliest polymer discoveries took place in the 1920s, it was not until a half century later that the consumption of synthetic polymer materials overtook metals in the United States. In 1973, the United States produced the same amount of synthetic polymers as it did steel—15.5 million cubic meters. In 1976, the United States consumed more plastics than metal on a per volume basis for the first time, and plastics became the most consumed synthetic material in the country. The rapidity with which polymers became so prevalent is an astonishing story. In the 1930s, the United States produced virtually no polymers. Forty years later, it produced twenty-three million metric tons. In 1900, only a handful of chemists concerned themselves with materials that would later be known as “polymers,” and none knew what they truly were. Today, half of all chemists work with them in one form or another. Statistics like these are strong indicators that a new material age has begun. \r\n\r\nCultural indicators also point to a sea change since the 1970s in how we value polymer or plastic products. Consider how the idea of plastics was interpreted by Hollywood and pop music stars in the 1960s. In the 1967 film The Graduate, Benjamin Braddock (played by Dustin Hoffman) was told by one of his father’s colleagues that the future lay in one word—“plastics.” To Braddock, this suggestion conveyed a sense of conformity, selling-out, boredom, and cheap imitation. The audience of the 1960s easily understood how the mere suggestion of “plastics” symbolized the dull life Braddock would eagerly try to escape. It reminded viewers of a similar song released that same year by pop duo Sonny and Cher, who sang about the “plastic man.” Their lyrics warned about a man not to be trusted, like someone selling cars on television. He was working day and night, not disclosing he was recruiting everyone for his commercial desires. They sang, “He’s doing everyone he can . . . Plastic Man.” The Beatles Rubber Soul album, released in the mid 1960s, further exemplified the negative connotation of another polymer term. \r\n\r\nSignificantly, an important cultural shift has occurred since then. By the 1970s, the image of plastics began to lose its substandard connotations and instead conveyed the belief that polymers represented a new and potentially better way of life. Symbolizing this phenomenon was an unlikely musician who recognized the emergence of polymers as a new dominant material reality. From 1976 to 1979, legendary punk rock singer Marion Elliot adopted the pseudonym “Poly Styrene” to make a statement about the significance of the changes she saw happening around her. She created a character who idealized the glamour of plastic and echoed a youth movement that would eventually come to embrace a new polymer world. She chose the name Poly Styrene for this persona as she herself became infatuated with “plastic” society. One of her songs, a top-thirty hit in London, was called “The Day the World Turned Day-Glo;” in its lyrics she observed that polymers were over taking society. \r\n\r\nThis song paralleled the dawn of a new material era—a Polymer Age.\r\n\r\nWhile it is now nearly impossible to go about a normal day without interacting in significant ways with polymers, they have ironically become something of a unseen substance. As Steve Love, Akron journalist and coauthor of Wheels of Fortune, wrote, “Polymers have an identity problem. They are, comparatively speaking, invisible . . . .” \r\n\r\nThis invisibility needs to change. \r\n\r\n After the process of vulcanization was established in 1839, natural rubber quickly became one of the vital material components of society. The dependence upon it grew so great that during World War II, when the United States realized that it could be easily cut off from the world’s sources of natural rubber, its entire military operation nearly ground to a halt. Without rubber, the greatest military nation in the world would be quickly rendered powerless. The quest to develop synthetic rubber during World War II led in part to the predominance of the synthetic polymer materials that surround us almost invisibly. We are living in the midst of a Polymer Age, and few of us realize it, or even know what this means. As Jeffrey L. Meikle argued in his book American Plastic, “most people ignored . . . that the United States entered the ‘Plastics Age’ in 1979 when the annual volume of plastic exceeded that of steel.” We can no longer ignore its presence in our lives, and the history of its emergence requires telling. \r\n\r\nWith some notable exceptions, there is a disproportionate relationship between the significance of polymers and the number of historical, scientific, and popular discussions that analyze their development. \r\n\r\nCompared to the number of scholarly studies on other scientific and technological developments like computers, automobiles, and electricity, historians have also been surprisingly quiet on the subject of polymers. The retrospective studies that do exist were largely written by former polymer practitioners. These “insider” stories include memoirs, review articles, and autobiographies. Ffor the most part, biographical treatments have far superseded the institutional perspective of the history of polymers. \r\n\r\nThere is no question that institutions have been essential to the emergence of the Polymer Age, and their historical neglect is an oversight that requires attention. An institutional perspective can help us understand the intellectual and social foundations from which polymer science and engineering developed. Much as an individual’s biography yields important insights into a particular historical context, so, too, does an institutional focus reveal key perspectives. The Polymer Age arose through an international network of researchers working within large academic, industrial, and governmental organizations that over time developed the scientific and engineering skills to create and commercialize polymers. Among these institutions are academic programs (including the University of Akron, the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Case Western Reserve University, California Institute of Technology, the University of Southern Mississippi, and Brooklyn Polytechnic), industrial organizations (including IG Farben, DuPont, Dow Chemical, Goodyear, Bridgestone/Firestone, B. F. Goodrich, and General Tire), and various government agencies and scientific societies like the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society. \r\n\r\nIt is beyond the scope of this book to present a sweeping account of the entire network of institutions responsible for the emergence of the Polymer Age over the past century. Instead, this book examines the story within the framework of one academic institution that has played the longest, and arguably the most influential, role in creating and shaping the Polymer Age—the University of Akron. This university has played a signal role in the emergence of the Polymer Age starting in 1909 when Charles Knight offered the world’s first complete course in rubber chemistry, marking the birth of a new academic discipline. This course has now evolved into an entire college—the College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering—which has been ranked for the last ten years as one of the top two academic institutions in the United States in the field. An examination of the near century in between the foundation of the course and the flourishing of the college, demonstrates how these long polymer chains became chains of opportunity for an academic discipline, an economic region, and a university.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32374350,"asset_id":4674069,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5933447,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Bowles","domain_name":"apus","page_name":"MDB","display_name":"Mark Bowles","profile_url":"https://apus.academia.edu/MDB?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5933447/2524444/15004354/s65_mark.bowles.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4331963" data-work_id="4331963" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4331963/J_integral_fracture_toughness_and_tearing_modulus_measurement_of_radiation_cross_linked_UHMWPE">J-integral fracture toughness and tearing modulus measurement of radiation cross-linked UHMWPE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4331963" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4331963]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4331963").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4331963").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4331963"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomaterials">Biomaterials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2698" type="text/json">{"id":2698,"name":"Biomaterials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomaterials?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4331963]'), work: {"id":4331963,"title":"J-integral fracture toughness and tearing modulus measurement of radiation cross-linked UHMWPE","created_at":"2013-08-26T08:04:11.549-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4331963/J_integral_fracture_toughness_and_tearing_modulus_measurement_of_radiation_cross_linked_UHMWPE?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_4331963","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31783817,"asset_id":4331963,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5281532,"first_name":"Anuj","last_name":"Bellare","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"AnujBellare","display_name":"Anuj Bellare","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/AnujBellare?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5281532/2322794/2709785/s65_anuj.bellare.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2698,"name":"Biomaterials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomaterials?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15362997" data-work_id="15362997" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15362997/Technical_textiles">Technical textiles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">High performance fibers, Conventional fibers, Organic and Inorganic fibers</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15362997" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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work_8932829" data-work_id="8932829" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8932829/Solvent_miscibility_table">Solvent miscibility table</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8932829" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="403d8db91fbabd3c83a5ab9516399029" rel="nofollow" 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fiber mats were prepared via electrospinning. Synthesized nanofibers were characterized by DSC, FT-IR and SEM. DSC results showed that the nanofibers were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20698666" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, PVA/PAA, PVA/PAA/PVP, PVA/PAA/PVP-I and PVA/PAA/PVP/Chitosan fiber mats were prepared via electrospinning.<br />Synthesized nanofibers were characterized by DSC, FT-IR and SEM. DSC results showed that the nanofibers were degraded at 400C and 450C. The addition of PVP-K30, PVP-I and chitosan to PVA/PAA structure increased the thermal stability<br />of the nanofibers. SEM micrographs showed that synthesized nanofibers are linear. Fiber diameter measurements showed that average diameters of the fibers are less than 0.5 micron. The average diameters of PVA/PAA, PVA/PAA/PVP, PVA/PAA/PVP-I and PVA/PAA/PVP/Chitosan fibers were calculated as 458 nm, 237 nm, 139 nm, and 270 nm, respectively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20698666" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a6ad59a3d15cc86fc34a2c772ef5931" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41512080,"asset_id":20698666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41512080/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="981233" href="https://bilecik.academia.edu/ArdaAytimur">Arda Aytimur</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="981233" type="text/json">{"id":981233,"first_name":"Arda","last_name":"Aytimur","domain_name":"bilecik","page_name":"ArdaAytimur","display_name":"Arda Aytimur","profile_url":"https://bilecik.academia.edu/ArdaAytimur?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/981233/377286/18283412/s65_arda.aytimur.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20698666">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20698666"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU">Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20698666'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20698666').html(); 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DSC results showed that the nanofibers were degraded at 400\u0001C and 450\u0001C. The addition of PVP-K30, PVP-I and chitosan to PVA/PAA structure increased the thermal stability\nof the nanofibers. SEM micrographs showed that synthesized nanofibers are linear. Fiber diameter measurements showed that average diameters of the fibers are less than 0.5 micron. The average diameters of PVA/PAA, PVA/PAA/PVP, PVA/PAA/PVP-I and PVA/PAA/PVP/Chitosan fibers were calculated as 458 nm, 237 nm, 139 nm, and 270 nm, respectively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41512080,"asset_id":20698666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":981233,"first_name":"Arda","last_name":"Aytimur","domain_name":"bilecik","page_name":"ArdaAytimur","display_name":"Arda Aytimur","profile_url":"https://bilecik.academia.edu/ArdaAytimur?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/981233/377286/18283412/s65_arda.aytimur.jpg"},{"id":820891,"first_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim","last_name":"USLU","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"ibrahimUSLU","display_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820891/285303/337453/s65__brahim.uslu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59,"name":"Polymer 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href="https://www.academia.edu/22864846/Utilization_of_corn_fibers_and_luffa_peels_for_extraction_of_pollutants_from_water">Utilization of corn fibers and luffa peels for extraction of pollutants from water</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Corn fibers and luffa peels were evaluated for removing toxic heavy metal ions and dissolved organic dyes from water. Fresh peels were pretreated to remove all soluble components before using them for extraction studies. Presence of eOH... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22864846" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Corn fibers and luffa peels were evaluated for removing toxic heavy metal ions and dissolved organic dyes from water. Fresh peels were pretreated to remove all soluble components before using them for extraction studies. Presence of eOH and eCO 2 H functional groups on the surface of the peels and rough morphologies were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigations, respectively. Corn fibers and luffa peels showed maximum extraction effi-ciencies within the pH range of 4e10 and adsorption reached a steady state within 2e3 h. Prewashed corn fibers and luffa peals extracted 159 mg g À1 and 90 mg g À1 of alcian blue, 70 mg g À1 and 124 mg g À1 of methylene blue, 50 mg g À1 and 108 mg g À1 of neutral red as well as 35 mg g À1 and 40 mg g À1 of coomassie brilliant blue from water, respectively. Both materials did not show significant extraction affinity towards heavy metal ions such as Pb 2þ (1 mg g À1), Ni 2þ (4 mg g À1 for corn fiber and 12 mg g À1 for luffa peels), and chromate (3 mg g À1 for corn fibers and 6 mg g À1 for luffa peels) ions from water. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to understand the adsorption process on the surface of the adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm model yielded the best fit for the data obtained in the study, indicating a monolayer adsorption of pollutants on the adsorbent surface. Both adsorbents can be regenerated at acidic pH and could be reused for up to five cycles without significant loss of efficiency. Our experimental results suggest that both natural materials are effective towards removing dissolved dyes from water.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22864846" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3a50ca53b0de9bdd6665177bad451c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43404787,"asset_id":22864846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43404787/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44522456" href="https://nus.academia.edu/SValiyaveettil">Suresh Valiyaveettil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44522456" type="text/json">{"id":44522456,"first_name":"Suresh","last_name":"Valiyaveettil","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"SValiyaveettil","display_name":"Suresh Valiyaveettil","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/SValiyaveettil?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44522456/12263394/13655286/s65_suresh.valiyaveettil.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22864846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22864846"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22864846, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22864846", }); 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Fresh peels were pretreated to remove all soluble components before using them for extraction studies. Presence of eOH and eCO 2 H functional groups on the surface of the peels and rough morphologies were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigations, respectively. Corn fibers and luffa peels showed maximum extraction effi-ciencies within the pH range of 4e10 and adsorption reached a steady state within 2e3 h. Prewashed corn fibers and luffa peals extracted 159 mg g À1 and 90 mg g À1 of alcian blue, 70 mg g À1 and 124 mg g À1 of methylene blue, 50 mg g À1 and 108 mg g À1 of neutral red as well as 35 mg g À1 and 40 mg g À1 of coomassie brilliant blue from water, respectively. Both materials did not show significant extraction affinity towards heavy metal ions such as Pb 2þ (1 mg g À1), Ni 2þ (4 mg g À1 for corn fiber and 12 mg g À1 for luffa peels), and chromate (3 mg g À1 for corn fibers and 6 mg g À1 for luffa peels) ions from water. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to understand the adsorption process on the surface of the adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm model yielded the best fit for the data obtained in the study, indicating a monolayer adsorption of pollutants on the adsorbent surface. Both adsorbents can be regenerated at acidic pH and could be reused for up to five cycles without significant loss of efficiency. Our experimental results suggest that both natural materials are effective towards removing dissolved dyes from water.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43404787,"asset_id":22864846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44522456,"first_name":"Suresh","last_name":"Valiyaveettil","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"SValiyaveettil","display_name":"Suresh Valiyaveettil","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/SValiyaveettil?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44522456/12263394/13655286/s65_suresh.valiyaveettil.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2306,"name":"Synthesis of nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_of_nanoparticles?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36251250" data-work_id="36251250" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36251250/%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A3%D0%9B%D0%AF%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%98%D0%97%D0%90%D0%99%D0%9D_%D0%AD%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92">МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЙ ДИЗАЙН ЭКОМОНОМЕРОВ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Замена синтетических мономеров при синтезе пластмасс на  производные аминокислот из возобновляемого сырья. Приводится пропись синтеза таких производных. Методическая статья.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36251250" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="282eeba56205cc460b040dfc7cb69a20" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56155899,"asset_id":36251250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56155899/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78774364" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NovikovOlegNikolaevich">Олег Новиков</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78774364" type="text/json">{"id":78774364,"first_name":"Олег","last_name":"Новиков","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NovikovOlegNikolaevich","display_name":"Олег Новиков","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NovikovOlegNikolaevich?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78774364/19307308/19233198/s65__._.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36251250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36251250"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36251250, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36251250", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36251250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36251250").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36251250").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36251250"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science">Polymer science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2720" type="text/json">{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36251250]'), work: {"id":36251250,"title":"МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЙ ДИЗАЙН ЭКОМОНОМЕРОВ","created_at":"2018-03-25T10:06:06.630-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36251250/%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A3%D0%9B%D0%AF%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%98%D0%97%D0%90%D0%99%D0%9D_%D0%AD%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92?f_ri=2720","dom_id":"work_36251250","summary":"Замена синтетических мономеров при синтезе пластмасс на производные аминокислот из возобновляемого сырья. Приводится пропись синтеза таких производных. Методическая статья.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56155899,"asset_id":36251250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78774364,"first_name":"Олег","last_name":"Новиков","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NovikovOlegNikolaevich","display_name":"Олег Новиков","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NovikovOlegNikolaevich?f_ri=2720","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78774364/19307308/19233198/s65__._.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=2720","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56899277" data-work_id="56899277" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56899277/Preparation_of_Chloro_Penta_Amine_Cobalt_III_Chloride_and_Study_of_Its_Influence_on_the_Structural_and_Some_Optical_Properties_of_Polyvinyl_Acetate">Preparation of Chloro Penta Amine Cobalt(III) Chloride and Study of Its Influence on the Structural and Some Optical Properties of Polyvinyl Acetate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chloro penta amine cobalt(III) cloride [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2was prepared and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The obtained results indicated the formation of orthorhombic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56899277" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chloro penta amine cobalt(III) cloride [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2was prepared and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The obtained results indicated the formation of orthorhombic [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2nanoparticles of ≈28.75 nm size. Polymeric films based on polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) doped with chloro penta amine cobalt(III) cloride [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2in different weight percent ratios were prepared using the solvent cast technique. The complexation of the additive with the polymer was confirmed by FTIR and SEM studies. The XRD pattern revealed that the amorphousicity of PVAc polymer matrix increased with raising the [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2content. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, and optical conductivity were studied by using the absorbance and measurements from computerized UV-visible spectrophotometer in the spectral range 190–800 nm. This study showed that the optical properties of PVAc were affected by the ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56899277" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dd4835dc33668264ee964393dcd906e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72058614,"asset_id":56899277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72058614/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NjgzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7440396" href="https://uobabylon.academia.edu/alaaalgidsawi">alaa algidsawi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7440396" type="text/json">{"id":7440396,"first_name":"alaa","last_name":"algidsawi","domain_name":"uobabylon","page_name":"alaaalgidsawi","display_name":"alaa algidsawi","profile_url":"https://uobabylon.academia.edu/alaaalgidsawi?f_ri=2720","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56899277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56899277"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56899277, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56899277", }); 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The obtained results indicated the formation of orthorhombic [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2nanoparticles of ≈28.75 nm size. Polymeric films based on polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) doped with chloro penta amine cobalt(III) cloride [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2in different weight percent ratios were prepared using the solvent cast technique. The complexation of the additive with the polymer was confirmed by FTIR and SEM studies. The XRD pattern revealed that the amorphousicity of PVAc polymer matrix increased with raising the [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2content. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, and optical conductivity were studied by using the absorbance and measurements from computerized UV-visible spectrophotometer in the spectral range 190–800 nm. 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