CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods</title> <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)client-nojs(\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Use-the-Internet-Archive's-Wayback-Machine","wgTitle":"Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine","wgCurRevisionId":32803779,"wgRevisionId":32803779,"wgArticleId":356597,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Featured Articles","Honors","WikiHow","Internet","Computers and Electronics"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Use-the-Internet-Archive's-Wayback-Machine","wgRelevantArticleId":356597,"wgRequestId":"a9ad05d2f836f4d6559a9830","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgUserType":"anon","wgLoginType":"","wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFLazyLoadImages":false,"wgMFLazyLoadReferences":false,"wgMFIsPageContentModelEditable":true,"wgMFEnableFontChanger":true,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":false,"nearby":false,"watchlist":false,"tagline":false},"wgWikihowSiteRev":"1q6qv","wgFBAppId":"157545333433","wgGoogleAppId":"475770217963-cj49phca8tqki2ggs0ttcaerhs8339eh.apps.googleusercontent.com","wgCDNbase":"https://www.wikihow.com","wgNlpCategory":"","wgProMembership":0,"wgHasEmail":0,"wgIsUserReviewEligible":"ineligible","wgNumReviews":"0","wgMinervaFeatures":{"amc":false,"beta":false,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"backToTop":false,"shareButton":false,"toggling":true,"pageIssues":false,"talkAtTop":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0],"wgMinervaMenuData":[]});mw.loader.state({"user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"ready","user.tokens":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.base.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.ui.icon":"ready","mediawiki.ui.button":"ready","skins.minerva.icons.images":"ready","ext.wikihow.slider_styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.submit_a_tip.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.reader_tips.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.trusted_sources.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.expertadvicesection.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.expertinterviewsection.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.green_box":"ready","ext.wikihow.social_footer_styles":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@0tffind",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.startup","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.wikihow.common_top","ext.wikihow.common_bottom","zzz.mobile.wikihow.styles_late_load","zzz.mobile.wikihow.scripts_late_load","mobile.wikihow.tabsonmobile","mobile.wikihow","mobile.wikihow.mobileslideshowinit","mobile.wikihow.stable.styles","mobile.wikihow.socialproof","ext.wikihow.slider","ext.wikihow.loginreminder","ext.wikihow.article_courses_banner","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikihow.submit_a_tip","ext.wikihow.reader_tips.scripts","mobile.wikihow.mmf","ext.wikihow.membershipmanager","ext.wikihow.trusted_sources.scripts","ext.wikihow.lightbox","mobile.site","mobile.init","mobile.wikihow.qa_widget","mobile.wikihow.userreview","ext.wikihow.green_box.scripts","ext.wikihow.social_footer"];mw.loader.load(RLPAGEMODULES);});</script> <link rel="preload" href="/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.wikihow.expertadvicesection.styles%7Cext.wikihow.expertinterviewsection.styles%7Cext.wikihow.green_box%2Cslider_styles%2Csocial_footer_styles%7Cext.wikihow.reader_tips.styles%7Cext.wikihow.submit_a_tip.styles%7Cext.wikihow.trusted_sources.styles%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%2Cicon%7Cskins.minerva.base.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons.images&only=styles&siterev=1q6qv&skin=wh&anon_mode=1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.33.0-alpha"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/> <meta name="description" content="The ultimate guide to viewing old versions of websitesHave you wondered what a website looked like in the past? Well, you can know! The Wayback Machine is an archival tool that contains a large collection of archived sites from the past...."/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0, width=device-width"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/index.php?title=Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit" href="/index.php?title=Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine&action=edit"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.wikihow.com/skins/WikiHow/wH-initials_152x152.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon_round.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch_desc.php" title="wikiHow (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://www.wikihow.com/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine"/> <script>window.WH=window.WH||{timeStart:+(new Date()),lang:{}}; if(/.+@.+/.test(window.location.hash)){window.location.hash='';}</script> <script>retinaAvailable = false;</script> <style>html,body,div,span,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,del,ins,em,img,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,input,textarea,button,select,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td{margin:0;padding:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}button{border:none;background-color:transparent}body{line-height:1;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}input{line-height:normal}ol,ul{list-style:none}table{border-collapse:collapse}strong,b{font-weight:bold}i,em{font-style:italic}html{height:100%}body{min-height:100%;background-color:#f3f3f3;color:#545454;font-family:"Helvetica","Nimbus Sans L","Arial","Liberation Sans",sans-serif;line-height:1.4;font-size:16px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}code{font-family:monospace}h1,h2,h3,h4{color:#222}.hidden,a.hide,img[src=""],.stable #ca-talk,.client-nojs #ca-watch.cta,.client-nojs #ca-edit,.client-nojs #ca-upload,#ca-talk.selected,.template_top,.section>.section_text>h3 .edit-page,#tips h3,h4.steps_text .edit-page,h5.steps_text .edit-page,h6.steps_text .edit-page,#uci_section,.trvote_box,.section.video,#hp_navigation,#mcta_root,#method_toc,.amazon_info,#servedtime,.tabbed_content,#sp_h2.tabbed_content,#social_proof_mobile.tabbed_content,#uci_section.tabbed_content,.tabbed_content .edit-page,.m-video-helpful-wrap,.m-video-wm,#gdpr_dismiss,#gdpr_close,#intro .green_box,.header #actions,#actionbar,.pswp,#mw-mf-last-modified,.page_stats,#end_options,#footer_newsletter{display:none}a,a:active,a:visited,a.new{color:#307530;text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word}a:active,a:hover{color:#439B05;text-decoration:underline}a.new{color:#B30000}a[title^='User']{color:#307530}a.external{background-image:none}.clearall{clear:both;height:0}#section_0.title_sm{font-size:1.3em}#section_0.title_md{font-size:1.5em}#section_0.title_lg{font-size:1.6em}#section_0 span.ja_how_to{color:#7b9965}#mw-mf-viewport{position:relative;height:100%}#mw-mf-page-center{padding:0;min-height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:3;background-color:#FFF;transition:all 0.5s ease 0s}#mw-mf-page-center.footerad{padding:0 0 180px}.footerad #footer{bottom:110px}.header_container{background-color:#93B874;position:fixed;border:0;z-index:10;top:0;width:100%}#header_container_small{display:none}#wh-progress-bar{position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:0;height:2px;background-color:#475347;transition:width 1s linear;-webkit-transition:width 1s linear;-moz-transition:width 1s linear;-o-transition:width 1s linear}.header{height:40px;display:table;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 auto;width:100%;border-top:none}#mw-mf-main-menu-button,#wikilove_header,#header_logo,#hs,#actions,#random-button,#secondary-button{width:3em;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}#actions{width:auto}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #secondary-button{text-indent:-9999px;background-repeat:no-repeat}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button{background-position:40% 40%}.header #secondary-button{background-position:60% 40%}.header #secondary-button.user-button{text-indent:0;text-align:center}.header #secondary-button.user-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.header #secondary-button.user-button span{display:inline-block;width:24px;height:24px;font-weight:bold;color:#fff;line-height:24px;background:#c91f2c;border-radius:2px}.header .search{border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent}#hs,#hs_query{width:72px;position:static}.hs_active .search{padding-right:50px}#hs_query,#hs_close,#hs_submit{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:39px;margin:1px 0 0;padding:0;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;border:none}#hs_query{border:solid 5px #93B874;border-radius:10px;padding:0 5px;-webkit-appearance:none;background:#FFF url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/search_gray.svg) right 4px center / 20px no-repeat;box-sizing:border-box;color:transparent;font-size:16px;transition:width 100ms ease-in-out;outline:none;z-index:1}.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:40px}.hs_active.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:0}.hs_active #hs_query:valid{background-image:none}#hs_close{width:0;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/close.svg) center / 15px no-repeat;z-index:2}#hs_submit{display:none;position:absolute;background-size:20px;background-position:right 9px center;width:40px;z-index:2}.dynamic_poll_link{text-decoration:underline;font-size:14px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#hs_query,#hs_submit{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/search_gray.svg)}.hs_active #hs_query{color:#545454;width:100%;padding-left:34px;padding-right:34px;background-position:left 6px bottom 50%}.hs_active #hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:block;right:auto;left:0}.hs_active #hs_close{width:40px}#hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0}.hs_active #hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:1}}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){#hs_query{background-color:#B3CE9C;color:#fff;width:30%;padding-left:10px;padding-right:34px}#hs_query,#hs_submit{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/mag_white.png)}#hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:block}#hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#E3F8D1}}.content{margin:0;word-wrap:break-word}.content img{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.content video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.content h1,.content h2,.content h3,.content h4,.content h5,.content h6{line-height:1.3;padding:0.5em 0}.content p{margin-bottom:.7em}.content .thumb{margin:15px 0;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:5px;background:#f9f9f9;text-align:center}.content ol ol,.content ul ol,.content ol ul,.content ul ul,dl{margin-left:1em}.pre-content h1,.content h1{font-size:1.8em}h2{font-size:1.5em}h3{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold}h4,dl dt{font-weight:bold}sup{vertical-align:super;line-height:normal}sub{vertical-align:sub}sub,sup{font-size:0.83em}pre{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:break-word}#content_wrapper{padding-top:40px;background-color:#FFF}.pre-content{background-color:#FFF;border-bottom:none;margin:0}.section-heading .indicator{display:none}#section_0{border-bottom:none;color:#222;font-size:26px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;padding:12px 15px 0}#section_0.special_title{font-size:18px;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:15px 20px}#section_0 a{color:#222;text-decoration:none}.ns-0.action-view #section_0{padding:0 15px}#intro{background-color:#FFF;margin:0;padding:7px 15px 3px}body.action-view #content>#intro{padding-top:7px}#intro p{line-height:20px}#intro .mwimg{margin:-7px -15px 5px -15px}#intro .mwimg img{border-radius:0}.section{margin-top:1em;position:relative}.section .headline_container:not(.subheadline),.steps .headline_container{background-color:#F0F4EB;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:table}.headline_container h3,.headline_container h2{font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em;padding:0}.section h2,.sample h3{display:inline-block;padding:.8em;color:#222}#intro .subtitle{color:#777;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;font-size:1em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em 0;border-bottom:none;background:none}h4.steps_text{position:relative;padding-left:1em;background:#FFF4C4;color:#333}.section>.section_text>h3{background-position:3px center}.step_num{font-size:30px;color:#545454;padding:0 15px 0 0;float:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:39px}.stepanchor{display:block;position:relative;top:-110px;visibility:hidden}.steps_list_2 li{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:16px;line-height:normal;list-style:none;background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px;padding:20px;clear:both}#content_wrapper{margin:0}.steps_list_2 li li{border:none;margin:0;list-style:disc;padding:0 }.steps_list_2 .mwimg.largeimage{margin:-20px -20px 10px}.mwimg{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);line-height:0;margin-bottom:1em;position:relative;text-align:center}#quick_summary_section .mwimg{margin-bottom:0}.steps_list_2 .mwimg.underwidth{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mwimg.techicon{display:inline;border:none}.mwimg.techicon img{width:auto;height:30px !important;position:relative;min-height:0;min-width:0}.mwimg.techicon .content-spacer{width:auto;height:30px !important;padding-top:0 !important;display:inline}.content img.whvgif{width:100%;max-width:760px !important}.caption{position:absolute;width:96%;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#444;opacity:0.7;text-align:left;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;padding:5px 2%;color:#fff}.mwimg.tright{float:right}.steps_list_2 li li .mwimg.largeimage{margin:5px 0}.section_text,.steps_text{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-size:16px}.steps.sample .section_text{background-color:#FFF}.sample p{padding:.9em;margin:0}#quicksummary{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:-15px}#video.section_text{padding:0}#quick_summary_section.section_text{padding-bottom:0}#video .embedvideocontainer{width:100%}.content .steps_list_2 ul,.content .steps_list_2 ol{margin:8px 0 0 30px}.steps .section_text{background-color:inherit;padding:0;border:none}.altblock{background:#93b874;color:#FFF;text-align:center;padding:0;border-radius:7px;font-size:0;width:3rem;height:3rem;display:table;position:absolute;margin:.625rem;top:0}.altblock > div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.altblock > div > span{font-size:21px;font-weight:bold}.headline_info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding:.6rem .35rem .6rem 4.5rem;height:3rem}.headline_container:not(.block_header) .headline_info{padding:0}.method_label{font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;color:#707070}#thingsyoullneed{overflow:hidden}#ingredients li,#thingsyoullneed li{clear:both;list-style:none;margin-bottom:1.1em;line-height:20px}#thingsyoullneed li > ul{margin-top:10px;margin-left:27px}.checkmark{border:1px solid #a3a3a3;width:.9em;height:.9em;border-radius:4px;float:left;margin-right:.5em} .section:not(.steps) h3{font-weight:normal;font-size:1rem}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline{position:relative}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline .altblock{margin:.15rem 0 0;height:1rem;width:1rem;border-radius:0}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline .headline_info{display:inline-block;padding:0 0 .5em 1.5em;height:auto}.section:not(.steps) .block_header h2{padding:0;height:3rem;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.section.tips .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/skins/owl/images/tips_icon.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}.section.warnings .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/skins/owl/images/warnings_icon.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}.tysk .headline_container{background:#F0F4EB 0 0 / 42px repeat-y;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 1 1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2393b874' d='M0 0h.5v1H0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.section.tysk h2{padding-left:2.25rem}.content ul{list-style:disc inside}.section h2.android,.section h3.android,.tool div.android{top:0}.content .edit-page{display:none}.stable .content p,.stable .content li,.stable .content dl{line-height:25px}#header_logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;background:center / 115px no-repeat url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/wikihow_logo_230.png);width:auto;height:38px;padding:0 14px}#skip-main{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:6px;top:6px}#skip-main:focus,#skip-main:active{width:fit-content;height:fit-content;overflow:visible;color:white;padding:2px;font-weight:bold;z-index:999;background-color:#92B874 }.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button{width:72px;border-right:none;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/main_menu_button.svg) left 15px bottom 50% / 18px no-repeat}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #secondary-button{height:auto}.header #secondary-button.user-button{padding-top:.35em}#random-button{background:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_random.svg) center no-repeat}.wh_search .cse_q{border:none}.breadcrumbs li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.3em}.breadcrumbs li:after{content:' \20\00BB'}.breadcrumbs li:last-child:after{content:''}#breadcrumb{font-size:.7em;padding:1em 0 .7em 15px;text-transform:uppercase}#breadcrumb li{display:none;line-height:1em;padding-right:.5em}#breadcrumb li:after{color:#307530;font-size:1.25em;white-space:pre}#breadcrumb li:nth-last-child(2),#breadcrumb li:last-child{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold} .button,button,.panel .button,.panel button,.buttonBar .button,.buttonBar button,.buttonBar input[type="submit"],.mw-ui-button,input[type="submit"]{border-radius:4px;text-align:center;color:#FFF;padding:8px 11px;font-size:1.1em;margin-right:10px;cursor:pointer;background-image:none;background-color:#97ba78;border:1px solid #97ba78;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none}.button.secondary{color:#686868;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:1px solid #e5e5e5} #wh_ad_middle_related{float:left}#wh_ad_tips,#pagebottom{margin-top:12px}.al_method{text-align:center;font-size:12px;color:#999}#references_first ins{margin-top:10px}.method_ad{margin:17px 0 0 -16px;display:block}.wh_ad1_full{margin-left:-16px}.embedvideocontainer{position:relative;width:99%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.25%}.section.video.youtube_short_articles{display:block}.section.video.youtube_short_articles .headline_info{display:none}.embedvideocontainer.ytshort{position:relative;width:auto;height:0;padding-bottom:177.78%}.embedvideo{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}body.action-view #fa_container p{width:100%;font-size:16px !important;line-height:16px !important}.content #intro ul,.content .section_text ul{list-style:disc outside;padding-left:24px}.content .section_text .steps_list_2 ul,.content .ingredients ul,.content .thingsyoullneed ul{padding-left:0}.content #intro li,.content .section_text ul li{margin-bottom:5px}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul li{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;list-style:none}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul{padding-left:16px}.content .expert_advice_section p{margin-bottom:10px;color:#5f5f5f;font-size:14px;line-height:23px}.content .section_text .steps_list_2 ul li,.content .ingredients ul li,.content .thingsyoullneed ul li{margin-bottom:0}.content .ingredients ul ul{margin:20px 0 0 26px}#social_proof_anchor{margin-top:-115px;display:block;position:absolute}.related-article{float:left;position:relative;width:100%;margin-bottom:2%}#relatedwikihows{padding:2%}.content-spacer{position:relative}.content-fill{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;width:1px;min-width:100%;height:1px;min-height:100%;color:#fff }#mobile_tab_container{position:relative;border:1px solid #E6EEE0;border-width:1px 0;clear:both;background:#f7faf6;margin:5px -15px 15px;box-shadow:0 6px 6px -6px rgba(84,84,84,.3)}#mobile_tab_container a,#mobile_tab_container a:visited{color:#707070}.mobile_tab{position:relative;margin:0 1em 0 1.3em;padding:.7em 0 .8em;font-weight:bold;font-size:.8em;display:inline-block}.mobile_tab.video{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab a{padding:.2em 0}.mobile_tab.video a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' stroke='%23a3a3a3' d='M14.13 3a2.66 2.66 0 00-1.06-1.1 3.84 3.84 0 00-2.16-.4H4.1a3.88 3.88 0 00-2.17.4A2.69 2.69 0 00.88 3 4.47 4.47 0 00.5 5.34v4.32A4.5 4.5 0 00.88 12a2.69 2.69 0 001 1.14 3.88 3.88 0 002.17.4h6.81a3.84 3.84 0 002.16-.4A2.66 2.66 0 0014.13 12a4.53 4.53 0 00.37-2.3V5.34A4.51 4.51 0 0014.13 3z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23a3a3a3' d='M10.76 7.84a.78.78 0 01-.31.34l-4.74 2.53a.68.68 0 01-.93-.34.76.76 0 01-.08-.37V5a.73.73 0 01.7-.75.65.65 0 01.31.08l4.74 2.53a.78.78 0 01.31.98z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#mobile_tab_line{position:absolute;bottom:0;background-color:#6d9d6c;height:4px;width:90%;margin-left:5%;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.summarysection.mwimg,.summarysection .mwimg{margin:-16px -15px 0}.content .m-video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.summary-video{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.video-poster-image{position:absolute;z-index:1}.video-poster-image img{object-fit:cover}.green_tips_box_inline{background-color:#fff5d9;color:#000;margin:0;width:75%;display:inline}.img-loading-hide{visibility:hidden}.img-loading-alt{color:#000}#gdpr{width:100%;margin:0 auto;position:fixed;bottom:0;max-height:70px;z-index:10000;text-align:center;background-color:#475347;color:#FFF;padding:9px 5px;display:none}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{background-color:#b6e684;border:1px solid #b6e684;color:#000;display:inline-block;font-size:0.8em;font-weight:bold;padding:5px 10px 6px 10px;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;margin-left:5px;margin-right:0}#gdpr_text{font-size:0.9em;display:inline-block;max-width:73%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}#gdpr_text a{color:#EEE;text-decoration:underline}#gdpr_text_inner{padding-right:3px}#gdpr_accept_wrap{display:inline-block}#gdpr_cp_link{font-size:13px;color:#FFF;text-decoration:underline;display:inline-block}.mw-mf-display-toggle > a{color:#AFAFAF;font-size:1em}.mw-mf-display-toggle{bottom:0;margin:3em 0 10px 13px;color:#AFAFAF;font-size:.75em}.geo-group-eu .mw-mf-display-toggle{padding-left:0;background:none}.gdpr_only{visibility:hidden}.no_gdpr{visibility:visible}.geo-group-eu .gdpr_only{visibility:visible}.geo-group-eu .no_gdpr{visibility:hidden}#mw-mf-page-left{position:fixed !important;overflow-y:scroll;height:100%}body.navigation-enabled #mw-mf-page-left{display:block}.noarticletext div{border:none !important;padding:0;margin-bottom:0.75em}ol.references{padding-left:.5em}.references li{position:relative;list-style-position:outside}.references li span{margin-left:3px;word-break:break-word}.references li > a{float:left;margin-top:-2px}.sourcesandcitations{word-break:break-all}.sourcesandcitations .section_text{padding-left:30px} #aiinfo:target ~ .aidata,#social_proof_mobile:target ~ .aidata{display:block}.aidata,#aiinfo:target,#social_proof_mobile:target ~ #aiinfo{display:none}.section.articleinfo{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.articleinfo #articleinfo{margin-top:-5px;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;border-top:none;position:relative}#articleinfo #info_link{width:100%;display:block}#articleinfo #info_link,.collapse_link{ background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/show_sources.svg) right .5em center / 20px no-repeat} #social_proof_mobile + .articleinfo #articleinfo,#summary_wrapper + .articleinfo #articleinfo{ padding:15px;border-top:1px solid #f3f3f3;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;margin-top:-5px;position:relative;z-index:1}#summary_close{display:none}#references_second{padding-top:0;border-top:0;margin-top:-10px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0} .article_byline{color:#222;font-size:12px;overflow:auto}#intro .article_byline p{line-height:1rem;margin:0}#recipe_byline{line-height:24px; }#coauthor_byline{margin-bottom:.75rem}#byline_info{line-height:1rem}.newline{display:block}#coauthor_byline_p{color:#595959}.last_updated_highlighted{font-weight:bold}#coauthor_byline_p{padding-top:.1em}.coauthor_link{font-weight:bold}.coauthor_pipe{padding:0 .15em}.coauthor_checkstar{padding-right:1.2em;background:right center / .9em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='14' height='14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M13.499 7.249c.031-.506-.475-.98-1.234-1.265.633-.538.917-1.17.728-1.645-.19-.443-.823-.664-1.582-.6.285-.728.285-1.36-.063-1.708-.38-.348-1.043-.253-1.707.126C9.609 1.367 9.324.766 8.85.64c-.506-.158-1.075.253-1.55.949C6.92.86 6.383.418 5.877.513c-.506.095-.853.664-.948 1.454-.633-.474-1.297-.6-1.708-.316-.443.285-.506.917-.285 1.645-.759-.127-1.391 0-1.644.442-.253.443 0 1.076.538 1.676C1.039 5.636.5 6.047.5 6.553c-.031.506.475 1.012 1.234 1.265-.601.569-.917 1.201-.696 1.676.19.474.822.664 1.581.6-.284.728-.284 1.36.063 1.708.38.316 1.044.253 1.708-.126.032.79.316 1.36.79 1.518.507.158 1.076-.253 1.55-.949.38.727.917 1.17 1.423 1.075.506-.095.854-.664.949-1.454.632.474 1.296.6 1.708.316.41-.285.474-.949.253-1.676.759.126 1.391 0 1.644-.443.253-.443 0-1.075-.538-1.676.791-.221 1.329-.633 1.329-1.138Z' fill='%2355AAE4'/%3E%3Cpath d='m10.052 5.699-3.51 3.51a.2.2 0 0 1-.285 0L3.948 7.343c-.19-.19-.19-.284 0-.474l.633-.632c.253-.253.316-.19.506 0l1.138.885c.063.063.19.063.253-.032L8.976 4.53c.19-.19.285-.221.475 0l.632.632c.19.253.222.285-.031.538Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.coauthor_avatar_badge.staff_badge{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%0A%3Csvg width='12' height='12' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='6' cy='6' r='6' fill='%239CB77C'/%3E%3Cpath d='M.555 4.589h1.808v.66h-.075c-.087 0-.143.009-.168.027a.108.108 0 0 0-.048.092c0 .034.01.083.031.147l.479 1.477.413-1.152-.11-.325a.43.43 0 0 0-.119-.202.337.337 0 0 0-.205-.064v-.66h1.72v.66h-.14c-.078 0-.132.01-.162.034a.117.117 0 0 0-.044.099c0 .04.014.1.041.178l.414 1.227.417-1.227a.619.619 0 0 0 .04-.182.104.104 0 0 0-.05-.095c-.033-.023-.1-.034-.206-.034h-.078v-.66h1.534v.66a.708.708 0 0 0-.215.02.225.225 0 0 0-.089.065.96.96 0 0 0-.106.226L4.717 8h-.905l-.51-1.377L2.784 8h-.912l-.9-2.44a.767.767 0 0 0-.116-.216.193.193 0 0 0-.088-.075.822.822 0 0 0-.212-.02v-.66Z' fill='%231D221D'/%3E%3Cpath d='M5.75 3.232h2.327v.66h-.215c-.119 0-.2.012-.243.037a.194.194 0 0 0-.092.103.923.923 0 0 0-.027.287v.83h1.736v-.892a.785.785 0 0 0-.02-.222.18.18 0 0 0-.093-.113c-.043-.02-.139-.03-.287-.03h-.181v-.66h2.334v.66h-.195c-.132 0-.22.011-.263.034a.18.18 0 0 0-.092.095c-.016.042-.024.14-.024.298v2.584c0 .16.01.263.03.31a.21.21 0 0 0 .1.1c.046.018.148.027.307.027h.137V8H8.655v-.66h.154c.143 0 .24-.011.29-.034a.19.19 0 0 0 .106-.099c.02-.043.03-.145.03-.304V5.895H7.5v1.008c0 .16.006.258.02.297a.186.186 0 0 0 .106.113.981.981 0 0 0 .29.027h.161V8H5.75v-.66h.157a.774.774 0 0 0 .277-.034.192.192 0 0 0 .106-.096c.02-.04.03-.13.03-.27V4.35c0-.162-.01-.267-.03-.315a.196.196 0 0 0-.09-.11.558.558 0 0 0-.239-.033H5.75v-.66Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:19px}.coauthor_avatar_badge.no_badge{background-image:none}.coauthor_avatar_badge{height:19px;width:19px;position:absolute;margin:37px 0 0 37px;z-index:1; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='14' height='14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M13.499 7.249c.031-.506-.475-.98-1.234-1.265.633-.538.917-1.17.728-1.645-.19-.443-.823-.664-1.582-.6.285-.728.285-1.36-.063-1.708-.38-.348-1.043-.253-1.707.126C9.609 1.367 9.324.766 8.85.64c-.506-.158-1.075.253-1.55.949C6.92.86 6.383.418 5.877.513c-.506.095-.853.664-.948 1.454-.633-.474-1.297-.6-1.708-.316-.443.285-.506.917-.285 1.645-.759-.127-1.391 0-1.644.442-.253.443 0 1.076.538 1.676C1.039 5.636.5 6.047.5 6.553c-.031.506.475 1.012 1.234 1.265-.601.569-.917 1.201-.696 1.676.19.474.822.664 1.581.6-.284.728-.284 1.36.063 1.708.38.316 1.044.253 1.708-.126.032.79.316 1.36.79 1.518.507.158 1.076-.253 1.55-.949.38.727.917 1.17 1.423 1.075.506-.095.854-.664.949-1.454.632.474 1.296.6 1.708.316.41-.285.474-.949.253-1.676.759.126 1.391 0 1.644-.443.253-.443 0-1.075-.538-1.676.791-.221 1.329-.633 1.329-1.138Z' fill='%2355AAE4'/%3E%3Cpath d='m10.052 5.699-3.51 3.51a.2.2 0 0 1-.285 0L3.948 7.343c-.19-.19-.19-.284 0-.474l.633-.632c.253-.253.316-.19.506 0l1.138.885c.063.063.19.063.253-.032L8.976 4.53c.19-.19.285-.221.475 0l.632.632c.19.253.222.285-.031.538Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}.coauthor_circle_i{padding-left:1.2em;background:left 1px / .9em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23307530' cx='50' cy='50' r='50'/%3E%3Crect fill='%23FFF' x='42' y='39' width='16' height='42' rx='4'/%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23FFF' cx='50' cy='26' r='9'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#coauthor_image{float:left;margin:3px 10px 0 0;border-radius:16%;width:50px;height:50px;max-width:50px;overflow:hidden}.article_byline .sp_star_section_upper{margin-bottom:-4px;min-width:115px}.byline_extra{white-space:nowrap}.byline_references{background:left center no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 9.12 11.86'%3E%3Cg opacity='.8'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23595959' d='M8.66,2.74H1.82a.92.92,0,0,1,0-1.83H8.66A.46.46,0,0,0,9.12.46.46.46,0,0,0,8.66,0H1.82A1.83,1.83,0,0,0,0,1.82V10a1.84,1.84,0,0,0,1.82,1.83H8.66a.47.47,0,0,0,.46-.46h0V3.19a.46.46,0,0,0-.46-.45Zm-6.84,8.2A.91.91,0,0,1,.91,10V3.39a1.74,1.74,0,0,0,.91.26H8.21V11Zm7.3-9.12a.45.45,0,0,1-.45.46H1.82a.46.46,0,0,1,0-.91H8.66a.46.46,0,0,1,.46.45Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");padding-left:1.2em}#coauthor_byline .byline_info_link{margin-right:.5em;color:#595959}#coauthor_byline .eat_tag{margin-right:.5em;color:#595959}.success_stories{padding-right:.3em}.ss_pipe{color:#e9e7e3}.byline_success{white-space:nowrap;background:left center / 1em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16.276 15.081'%3E%3Cg transform='translate(-44.1 -201.134)'%3E%3Cpath d='M57.213 209.537v6.107a.572.572 0 01-.571.571h-8.858a.572.572 0 01-.571-.571v-6.107a.572.572 0 01.571-.571.585.585 0 01.14.023.508.508 0 01.315.2.6.6 0 01.117.35v3.508h6.119a.571.571 0 110 1.142h-6.12v.886h7.716v-5.536a.571.571 0 011.142 0z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M52.213 201.134l-.606 1.224a2.5 2.5 0 00-1.876 2.471.541.541 0 01-.07.268.563.563 0 01-.769.233 2.322 2.322 0 00-1.177-.291H47.7a2.5 2.5 0 00-2.459 2.552 2.538 2.538 0 001.97 2.517l.711-1.119a.508.508 0 01.315.2l-1.026 2.075a3.708 3.708 0 01.5-7.366 4.032 4.032 0 01.979.128 3.617 3.617 0 013.523-2.892z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M52.259 201.134l.606 1.224a2.5 2.5 0 011.876 2.471.541.541 0 00.07.268.563.563 0 00.769.233 2.322 2.322 0 011.177-.291h.012a2.5 2.5 0 012.459 2.552 2.538 2.538 0 01-1.97 2.517l-.711-1.119a.509.509 0 00-.315.2l1.026 2.075a3.708 3.708 0 00-.5-7.366 4.032 4.032 0 00-.979.128 3.617 3.617 0 00-3.52-2.892z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M48.146 205.709a2.253 2.253 0 00-2.209 2.274.564.564 0 001.126 0 1.091 1.091 0 011.069-1.113h.014a.581.581 0 000-1.161z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M51.064 202.568a2.763 2.763 0 012.347 0l-1.042-1.434H52.1z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");padding-left:1.2em}#coauthor_byline .eat_tag{font-weight:600;padding-left:1.3em;background:left center / 1em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 7.154 7.154'%3E%3Cg transform='translate(-58.981 -26.634)' opacity='.8'%3E%3Cpath d='M64.456 29.509l-2.2 2.2a.125.125 0 01-.177 0l-1.446-1.169c-.119-.119-.119-.179 0-.3l.4-.4c.158-.159.2-.119.317 0l.713.554a.105.105 0 00.148-.006l.01-.013 1.565-1.6c.119-.119.178-.137.3 0l.4.4c.108.156.128.175-.03.334z' fill='%23595959'/%3E%3Crect width='6.554' height='6.554' rx='1.689' transform='translate(59.281 26.934)' fill='none' stroke='%23595959' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='.6'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.eat_tag:hover{text-decoration:none}.sp_expert_text{line-height:52px;text-align:left;margin-left:65px}.sp_expert_text > div{line-height:normal;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 auto;color:#222}.sp_expert_name,.sp_expert_team{font-size:16px;font-weight:bold}.sp_expert_blurb{font-weight:normal}.sp_coauthor_label{font-size:.85em;font-weight:bold;color:#545454}.ar_avatar{width:50px;height:50px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;border-radius:16%;margin-top:2px;box-sizing:border-box}.expert_initials{background:#97ba78;color:#475346;text-align:center;font-size:22px;font-weight:bold;line-height:50px}.sp_top_icon_bg{margin:0;position:absolute;width:50px;height:50px;background-color:#ADC996;border-radius:16%}.sp_top_icon_bg_div{background-repeat:no-repeat}#trust_banner{width:100%;position:relative;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#e4ecdc;padding:.5em 15px;font-size:12px;line-height:1em;top:40px}#trust_banner > div{max-width:728px;margin:0 auto}#trust_banner a{color:#417505;padding-left:1.5em;font-weight:normal; background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_expert_icon_white.svg) left center / 1.1em no-repeat}#trust_banner span{display:none}.sp_star_section_upper{display:inline-block}.sp_star_container{position:relative;width:21px;height:20px;float:left;border-right:2px solid transparent;background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star_empty.optimized.svg) 0 0 / cover no-repeat}.sp_helpful_icon_star{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star.optimized.svg) 0 0 / cover no-repeat}.pretty_star,.sp_helpful_box .recipe_star{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 26.028 24.652'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2393B874' d='M13.014 0l4.022 8.115 8.992 1.301-6.507 6.316 1.536 8.919-8.043-4.211-8.043 4.211 1.536-8.919L0 9.416l8.992-1.301L13.014 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.recipe_star{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 26.028 24.652'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fecf4f' d='M13.014 0l4.022 8.115 8.992 1.301-6.507 6.316 1.536 8.919-8.043-4.211-8.043 4.211 1.536-8.919L0 9.416l8.992-1.301L13.014 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")} @media only screen and (min-width:500px) and (min-aspect-ratio:13/9){.content .sticking .edit-page{margin-right:50px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.mwimg{border-bottom:none}.related-article{width:48%;margin-right:2%}}.skin-minervawh .content .section-heading{margin-bottom:0;border:none}.content ol{list-style:decimal inside}.content .in-block.steps_text{display:block}.mw-mf-cleanup{display:block;padding:10px 15px 10px 44px;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/MobileFrontendWikihow/images/wikihow/icon-notification.svg) 10px center / 24px no-repeat;margin-bottom:4px}.overlay-issues .cleanup > li .issue-notice{padding-top:50px} #sidebar #jpt_sidebox{padding:0;background-color:#f6f5f4}#footer_ccpa,#footer_ccpa_optout{display:none}.reference.trusted{background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_expert_icon_white.svg) no-repeat right 2px/12px;padding-right:14px;display:inline-block}.reference{position:relative} .bolded{font-weight:bold;font-size:14px}.steps_text.healthintro{margin-bottom:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.healtharticle{margin-bottom:25px}.healtharticle .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowhealth/icon_wikihow_health.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}a.pdf_link,a.offline_link{color:#545454;border-radius:4px}a.offline_link{color:white}.small_pdf_link,.small_offline_link{display:inline-flex;font-size:12px;margin:-5px 0 10px;padding:.35em;border:1px solid #e7e7e7;background-color:#f6f6f6}.small_offline_link{border:none;background-color:#93b874;padding:5px 7px}.hide_pdf_button{display:none}.pdf_link > img,.offline_link > img{width:15px;margin-right:5px}.large_pdf_link,.large_offline_link{display:none}.pdf_link.pdf_link_hidden,.offline_link.pdf_link_hidden{display:none !important}a.pdf_link.disabled,a.offline_link.disabled{pointer-events:none;opacity:.2}a.pdf_link:hover,a.pdf_link:active,a.offline_link:hover,a.offline_link:active{text-decoration:none}.pdf_pro_div{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;color:#FFF;background:#FFCF5A;border-radius:2px;margin-left:.75em;padding:0 .5em;height:16px;line-height:17px}.pdf_pro_div{background:#93b874}.offline_link{display:none}.list_method .method_label,.list_method .step_num{display:none}.list_method .step,.list_method li,.list_method .section_text{font-size:18px;line-height:26px}.list_method #mf-section-0 p{font-size:18px;line-height:26px} #sd_container{border:none}#sd_container{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}.sd_content{width:125px;margin:auto}.sd_thumb{position:relative;text-align:center;width:100%;max-width:200px;margin:6px}.sd_thumb img{border:1px solid #BBB;width:100%;height:auto} .qa_user_hover{display:none} .qa_answers{position:relative}.qa_obscured_prompt{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:3.75em;right:0;bottom:0;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);z-index:2}.qa_unlocked .qa_obscured_prompt{display:none}.sd_obscured_link{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;cursor:pointer}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{position:absolute;background-color:#F7FAF5;box-shadow:1px 1px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.41);border-radius:5px;padding:10px 15px;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;display:table}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay{left:1em;top:0.5em;text-shadow:none;color:initial;min-height:72px;max-width:85%}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{font-size:smaller}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay:hover,.sd_obscured_link:hover .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{background-color:#F2F6EB}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay a,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay a{font-weight:bold}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay a:hover,.sd_obscured_link:hover .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay a{text-decoration:none}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay_img{position:absolute;border:none !important}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img{width:37px !important}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay_img{width:24px !important}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay p,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0 0 52px;margin:0}#sd_container .sd_thumb .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{line-height:18px}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{padding:0 0 0 32px}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay p strong,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p strong{color:#307530}.qa_answer.qa_obscured_answer{margin:1em 0 0 0;color:transparent;text-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.sd_obscured_prompt{padding-top:25%}.qa_obscured_cta{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal;text-align:right;background-color:#FDF5D1;padding:13px;border-top-right-radius:4px;max-width:62%}.qa_obscured_cta_pitch{display:block;font-weight:bold}.qa_obscured_cta_link{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold}@media only screen and (max-width:727px){.qa_obscured_cta{display:none}}#eu_cp_save{display:none}.menuitem.top_cat{padding-left:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}#promopair_container{display:none}#housebottom_ad{display:none}.house-promo{display:none}#left_sidebox{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:727px){.sample_initial_location{display:none}}#footer_links li{word-break:break-word}.cat_grid_filter{display:none}.ccpa_footer_extra{display:none}.maticons_for_googlefc{font-family:"Material Icons";font-size:0}.opensans_for_googlefc{font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:0}#debug_hover{height:280px;width:100%;position:fixed;left:0;bottom:0}#debug_hover ul{display:inline-block;background:white}#summary_text{display:none}.s-help-wrap{display:none}.section_text .collapse_link{width:100%;display:block;color:#545454}.section.aidata{margin-top:0px}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.aidata{margin-top:-12px}}.collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:5px;background-image:none}.image_details{display:none}.related-wh{position:relative;margin-bottom:0}.related-wh-title{bottom:6px}.m-video-intro-over{position:absolute;top:0;z-index:3;width:100%;visibility:hidden;background:rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%}.section.summary_with_video h2{background-color:#F0F4EB;color:#fff;border-bottom:0}.summary_with_video h2 span.mw-headline{color:#222}.m-video-play-count-triangle{width:0;height:0;border-top:11px solid rgba(145,182,115,1);border-bottom:11px solid rgba(145,182,115,1);border-left:20px solid #fff;display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:19px;left:20px;background-image:none}.m-video-intro-over .m-video-play{border:none;width:74px;height:60px;padding-left:47px;line-height:60px;color:#fff;font-size:18px;top:0;bottom:0;font-weight:bold;margin:auto;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;text-align:left;cursor:default;user-select:none}.m-video-intro-over .m-video-play-text{background-color:#91b673;border-radius:10px;padding-right:21px;padding-left:47px;margin-left:-47px;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap}.m-video::-webkit-media-controls-overlay-play-button{display:none}.m-video-controls{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.summary_with_video h2{background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}}.content .portrait .m-video{aspect-ratio:9/16;max-width:430px}.content .portrait .m-video-controls{margin:0 auto;max-width:430px}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.quicksummary.vertical_video{margin-top:0}}.m-video-intro-text:nth-child(1){font-size:2em}.m-video-intro-text.m-video-intro-text-long{font-size:1.5em}.m-video-intro-text.m-video-intro-text-very-long{font-size:1em}#m-video-intro-time-v2{bottom:-11px;font-size:1.2em;height:48px;width:43px;line-height:2.65em}.video .mw-headline{display:inline}.header .search{display:table-cell}.header .search .cse_q{width:25px;height:25px;padding-right:25px}.header .search .cse_q:focus{position:absolute;left:5px;top:5px;right:5px;width:auto}.header .search .cse_sa{background-color:transparent;background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/gray_mag.png); background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/gray_mag.svg);background-size:25px 25px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center center;width:25px;height:25px;border:none;margin:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;right:10px}#mw-mf-viewport{background-color:#E9E7E3}#mw-mf-viewport.menuopen{overflow:auto}#sidebar{display:none}.section.bss_share_container{margin-top:0;text-align:center}.bss_share_container > div{background:#F6F6F6;width:100%;max-width:300px;margin:auto}.bss_share_title.section-heading{border:0;background:none}.bss_share_container .section_text{padding-top:0px;background:none}.bss_share_button.button.secondary{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;color:#97ba78;border:1px #97ba78 solid;background-color:#fff;margin-right:0}#mw-mf-page-left{position:fixed;height:auto;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;min-width:275px;visibility:hidden;z-index:4;overflow-y:auto;-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,0);transform:translate(-100%,0);-webkit-transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out,visibility 250ms ease-in-out,transform 250ms ease-in-out;transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out,visibility 250ms ease-in-out,transform 250ms ease-in-out}#mw-mf-page-left ul li a{font-size:0.9em}#mw-mf-page-left.menu_opened{visibility:visible;box-shadow:1px 0 8px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 35%);-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}#mw-mf-page-left .icon-user{position:relative;font-weight:bold}#mw-mf-page-left .icon-user .icon-secondary{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1}.header.love_button #mw-mf-main-menu-button{width:50px}.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs_query{width:60px}.love_button #hs.hs_active,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:100%}#wikilove_button.button{display:block;background:#FABC3B;color:#FFF;font-size:.8em;font-weight:bold;padding:.25em .5em;margin:0;border-radius:7px;border:none}.mobile_tab.compquiz{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab.compquiz a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xml:space='preserve' width='747' height='770' overflow='hidden'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath id='a'%3E%3Cpath d='M3272 64h747v770h-747z'/%3E%3C/clipPath%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cg clip-path='url(%23a)' transform='translate(-3272 -64)'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3283.5 119.487c0-22.637 18.35-40.987 40.99-40.987h641.02c22.64 0 40.99 18.35 40.99 40.987v660.026c0 22.637-18.35 40.987-40.99 40.987h-641.02c-22.64 0-40.99-18.35-40.99-40.987Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3522.5 254.5c0-67.379 54.62-122 122-122s122 54.621 122 122c0 67.379-54.62 122-122 122s-122-54.621-122-122Zm-171 203.5c0-22.92 18.58-41.5 41.5-41.5s41.5 18.58 41.5 41.5-18.58 41.5-41.5 41.5-41.5-18.58-41.5-41.5Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23A3A3A3' fill-rule='evenodd' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3351.5 594c0-22.92 18.58-41.5 41.5-41.5s41.5 18.58 41.5 41.5-18.58 41.5-41.5 41.5-41.5-18.58-41.5-41.5Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3351.5 730.5c0-23.196 18.58-42 41.5-42s41.5 18.804 41.5 42-18.58 42-41.5 42-41.5-18.804-41.5-42Z'/%3E%3Ctext fill='%23A3A3A3' font-family='Arial,Arial_MSFontService,sans-serif' font-size='183' font-weight='700' transform='translate(3587.37 318)'%3E%3F%3C/text%3E%3Cpath fill='%23A3A3A3' fill-rule='evenodd' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='4.583' d='M3473.5 440.334a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h243.34c4.87 0 8.83 3.955 8.83 8.834v35.332c0 4.879-3.96 8.834-8.83 8.834h-243.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.834Zm0 136a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h441.34c4.87 0 8.83 3.955 8.83 8.834v35.332c0 4.879-3.96 8.834-8.83 8.834h-441.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.834Zm0 136a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h325.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83 8.834v35.333a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83 8.833h-325.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.833Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mobile_tab.readervoices{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab.readervoices a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='307' height='307' fill='none'%3E%3Cmask id='a' width='257' height='257' x='25' y='25' maskUnits='userSpaceOnUse' style='mask-type:alpha'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' d='M89.542 230.25c-3.625 0-6.665-1.228-9.12-3.684-2.457-2.456-3.68-5.492-3.672-9.108v-25.583h166.292V76.75h25.583c3.624 0 6.664 1.228 9.12 3.684 2.456 2.456 3.68 5.492 3.672 9.108v191.875L230.25 230.25H89.542Zm-63.959-12.792V38.375c0-3.624 1.228-6.665 3.684-9.12 2.456-2.456 5.492-3.68 9.108-3.672h166.292c3.624 0 6.664 1.228 9.12 3.684 2.456 2.456 3.68 5.492 3.671 9.108V153.5c0 3.624-1.228 6.664-3.684 9.12-2.456 2.456-5.492 3.68-9.107 3.672H76.75l-51.167 51.166Z'/%3E%3C/mask%3E%3Cg fill='%23F4B642' mask='url(%23a)'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h228.745v182.093H0z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M0 153.5h75.245v81.265H0zM224.23 72.235H307v209.181h-82.77z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M66.216 185.103H307v60.196H66.216z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:72px}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:180px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.sp_num_votes{margin-top:2px}.section .bss_share_button.button.secondary{width:75%}.bss_share_container > div{background:none;max-width:none}.bss_share_title.section-heading,.bss_share_container .section_text{background-color:#FFF}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){#gdpr_text{max-width:72%}#gdpr{padding:5px 0 6px;max-height:70px}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{font-size:0.7em;max-width:45px}}@media only screen and (max-width:300px){#gdpr_text{font-size:0.8em;max-width:78%}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{margin-left:3px;padding:4px 8px 5px}}@media only screen and (min-width:450px){#gdpr_text{max-width:80%}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{margin-left:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){#gdpr{padding:13px 5px 14px}#gdpr_text{max-width:88%}.gdpr_button{margin-left:10px;padding:1px 6px}}@media only screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3){#gdpr{padding-bottom:15px}}.loader{position:absolute;display:block;height:10px;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform-origin:50% 50%;white-space:nowrap}.loader-dot{animation:loader-dots 1s infinite}.loader-dot{position:relative;display:inline-block;height:10px;width:10px;margin:2px;border-radius:100%;background-color:rgba(137,172,108,1);will-change:transform}.loader-dot:nth-child(1){animation-delay:0s}.loader-dot:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.3s}.loader-dot:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.5s}@keyframes loader-dots{0%,100%{transform:scale(1);background-color:rgba(137,172,108,1)}50%{transform:scale(.7);background-color:rgba(137,172,108,0.9)}}.related-filter{background-color:#FFF;color:#668051;border:1px solid #668051;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:20px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:5px}.related-filter:first-of-type{margin-left:0}.related-filter:hover{text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer}.related-filter.active{background-color:#E6EEE0}@media print{#wikilove_button,#wikilove_button *{display:none !important}}</style> <script>window.activeAdTests = {"apsSignals":0,"userWithAdsTargeting":1,"quizGAM":2,"aditudeQuizEn":3,"prebidVideoAds":4,"quizRefreshTimeLimit":5,"aditudeOtherPageTypes":6,"rightrailRemoveAFS":7,"tipsSubmitterName":8,"googlefcCCPA":9,"rightrailDoubleAds":10,"aditude":11,"iab3":12,"amazonSignalsSiteKeywords":13};window.allAdTests = {"apsSignals":0,"userWithAdsTargeting":1,"introAffiliate":2,"quizAffiliate":3,"quizGAM":4,"webvitalsINP":5,"webvitalsINPControl":6,"webvitalsINPWithMW":7,"aditudeQuizEn":8,"quizAditudeINTL":9,"prebidVideoAds":10,"aditudeNoAdsense":11,"quizRefreshTimeLimit":12,"aditudeOtherPageTypes":13,"smallAdSizeRequest":14,"rightrailRemoveAFS":15,"scrolltoPreSteps":16,"rightrailAdContainer":17,"tipsSubmitterName":18,"googlefcCCPA":19,"prebid8":20,"rightrailMoreINTL":21,"rightrailDoubleAds":22,"freestar":23,"aditude":24,"iab3":25,"amazonSignalsSiteKeywords":26};window.GAConfig = 'INP'</script> <script>WH.isINPTest = false;var $jscomp=$jscomp||{};$jscomp.scope={};$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_MAP=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_SET=!1;$jscomp.defineProperty=$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5||"function"==typeof Object.defineProperties?Object.defineProperty:function(a,b,c){a!=Array.prototype&&a!=Object.prototype&&(a[b]=c.value)};$jscomp.getGlobal=function(a){return"undefined"!=typeof window&&window===a?a:"undefined"!=typeof global&&null!=global?global:a};$jscomp.global=$jscomp.getGlobal(this);$jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX="jscomp_symbol_";$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){};$jscomp.global.Symbol||($jscomp.global.Symbol=$jscomp.Symbol)};$jscomp.Symbol=function(){var a=0;return function(b){return $jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX+(b||"")+a++}}();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator;a||(a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("iterator"));"function"!=typeof Array.prototype[a]&&$jscomp.defineProperty(Array.prototype,a,{configurable:! 0,writable:!0,value:function(){return $jscomp.arrayIterator(this)}});$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator;a||(a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("asyncIterator"));$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.arrayIterator=function(a){var b=0;return $jscomp.iteratorPrototype(function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}})};$jscomp.iteratorPrototype=function(a){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();a={next:a};a[$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this};return a};$jscomp.makeIterator=function(a){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();var b=a[Symbol.iterator];return b?b.call(a):$jscomp.arrayIterator(a)};$jscomp.polyfill=function(a,b,c,g){if(b){c=$jscomp.global;a=a.split(".");for(g=0;g<a.length-1;g++){var d=a[g];d in c||(c[d]={});c=c[d]}a=a[a.length-1];g=c[a];b=b(g);b!=g&&null!=b&&$jscomp. defineProperty(c,a,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:b})}};$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE=!1;$jscomp.polyfill("Promise",function(a){function b(){this.batch_=null}function c(a){return a instanceof d?a:new d(function(b,h){b(a)})}if(a&&!$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE)return a;b.prototype.asyncExecute=function(a){null==this.batch_&&(this.batch_=[],this.asyncExecuteBatch_());this.batch_.push(a);return this};b.prototype.asyncExecuteBatch_=function(){var a=this;this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){a.executeBatch_()})};var g=$jscomp.global.setTimeout;b.prototype.asyncExecuteFunction=function(a){g(a,0)};b.prototype.executeBatch_=function(){for(;this.batch_&&this.batch_.length;){var a=this.batch_;this.batch_=[];for(var b=0;b<a.length;++b){var d=a[b];a[b]=null;try{d()}catch(m){this.asyncThrow_(m)}}}this.batch_=null};b.prototype.asyncThrow_=function(a){this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){throw a;})};var d=function(a){this.state_=0;this.result_=void 0;this.onSettledCallbacks_=[];var b=this. createResolveAndReject_();try{a(b.resolve,b.reject)}catch(x){b.reject(x)}};d.prototype.createResolveAndReject_=function(){function a(a){return function(h){d||(d=!0,a.call(b,h))}}var b=this,d=!1;return{resolve:a(this.resolveTo_),reject:a(this.reject_)}};d.prototype.resolveTo_=function(a){if(a===this)this.reject_(new TypeError("A Promise cannot resolve to itself"));else if(a instanceof d)this.settleSameAsPromise_(a);else{a:switch(typeof a){case"object":var b=null!=a;break a;case"function":b=!0;break a;default:b=!1}b?this.resolveToNonPromiseObj_(a):this.fulfill_(a)}};d.prototype.resolveToNonPromiseObj_=function(a){var b=void 0;try{b=a.then}catch(x){this.reject_(x);return}"function"==typeof b?this.settleSameAsThenable_(b,a):this.fulfill_(a)};d.prototype.reject_=function(a){this.settle_(2,a)};d.prototype.fulfill_=function(a){this.settle_(1,a)};d.prototype.settle_=function(a,b){if(0!=this.state_)throw Error("Cannot settle("+a+", "+b+"): Promise already settled in state"+this.state_);this. state_=a;this.result_=b;this.executeOnSettledCallbacks_()};d.prototype.executeOnSettledCallbacks_=function(){if(null!=this.onSettledCallbacks_){for(var a=0;a<this.onSettledCallbacks_.length;++a)l.asyncExecute(this.onSettledCallbacks_[a]);this.onSettledCallbacks_=null}};var l=new b;d.prototype.settleSameAsPromise_=function(a){var b=this.createResolveAndReject_();a.callWhenSettled_(b.resolve,b.reject)};d.prototype.settleSameAsThenable_=function(a,b){var d=this.createResolveAndReject_();try{a.call(b,d.resolve,d.reject)}catch(m){d.reject(m)}};d.prototype.then=function(a,b){function c(a,b){return"function"==typeof a?function(b){try{g(a(b))}catch(D){h(D)}}:b}var g,h,w=new d(function(a,b){g=a;h=b});this.callWhenSettled_(c(a,g),c(b,h));return w};d.prototype.catch=function(a){return this.then(void 0,a)};d.prototype.callWhenSettled_=function(a,b){function d(){switch(c.state_){case 1:a(c.result_);break;case 2:b(c.result_);break;default:throw Error("Unexpected state: "+c.state_);}}var c=this;null ==this.onSettledCallbacks_?l.asyncExecute(d):this.onSettledCallbacks_.push(d)};d.resolve=c;d.reject=function(a){return new d(function(b,d){d(a)})};d.race=function(a){return new d(function(b,d){for(var g=$jscomp.makeIterator(a),h=g.next();!h.done;h=g.next())c(h.value).callWhenSettled_(b,d)})};d.all=function(a){var b=$jscomp.makeIterator(a),g=b.next();return g.done?c([]):new d(function(a,d){function h(b){return function(d){l[b]=d;m--;0==m&&a(l)}}var l=[],m=0;do l.push(void 0),m++,c(g.value).callWhenSettled_(h(l.length-1),d),g=b.next();while(!g.done)})};return d},"es6","es3");$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet=function(){var a={a:!0},b={};try{return b.__proto__=a,b.a}catch(c){}return!1};$jscomp.setPrototypeOf="function"==typeof Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf:$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet()?function(a,b){a.__proto__=b;if(a.__proto__!==b)throw new TypeError(a+" is not extensible");return a}:null;$jscomp.generator={};$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_=function(a){if( !(a instanceof Object))throw new TypeError("Iterator result "+a+" is not an object");};$jscomp.generator.Context=function(){this.isRunning_=!1;this.yieldAllIterator_=null;this.yieldResult=void 0;this.nextAddress=1;this.finallyAddress_=this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyContexts_=this.abruptCompletion_=null};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.start_=function(){if(this.isRunning_)throw new TypeError("Generator is already running");this.isRunning_=!0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.stop_=function(){this.isRunning_=!1};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToErrorHandler_=function(){this.nextAddress=this.catchAddress_||this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.next_=function(a){this.yieldResult=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.throw_=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={exception:a,isException:!0};this.jumpToErrorHandler_()};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.return=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={return:a};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp. generator.Context.prototype.jumpThroughFinallyBlocks=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={jumpTo:a};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yield=function(a,b){this.nextAddress=b;return{value:a}};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yieldAll=function(a,b){a=$jscomp.makeIterator(a);var c=a.next();$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(c);if(c.done)this.yieldResult=c.value,this.nextAddress=b;else return this.yieldAllIterator_=a,this.yield(c.value,b)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpTo=function(a){this.nextAddress=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToEnd=function(){this.nextAddress=0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setCatchFinallyBlocks=function(a,b){this.catchAddress_=a;void 0!=b&&(this.finallyAddress_=b)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setFinallyBlock=function(a){this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyAddress_=a||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveTryBlock=function(a,b){this.nextAddress=a;this.catchAddress_=b||0}; $jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterCatchBlock=function(a){this.catchAddress_=a||0;a=this.abruptCompletion_.exception;this.abruptCompletion_=null;return a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterFinallyBlock=function(a,b,c){c?this.finallyContexts_[c]=this.abruptCompletion_:this.finallyContexts_=[this.abruptCompletion_];this.catchAddress_=a||0;this.finallyAddress_=b||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveFinallyBlock=function(a,b){b=this.finallyContexts_.splice(b||0)[0];if(b=this.abruptCompletion_=this.abruptCompletion_||b){if(b.isException)return this.jumpToErrorHandler_();void 0!=b.jumpTo&&this.finallyAddress_<b.jumpTo?(this.nextAddress=b.jumpTo,this.abruptCompletion_=null):this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_}else this.nextAddress=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.forIn=function(a){return new $jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator(a)};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator=function(a){this.object_=a;this.properties_=[];for(var b in a)this.properties_.push(b );this.properties_.reverse()};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator.prototype.getNext=function(){for(;0<this.properties_.length;){var a=this.properties_.pop();if(a in this.object_)return a}return null};$jscomp.generator.Engine_=function(a){this.context_=new $jscomp.generator.Context;this.program_=a};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.next_=function(a){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_.next,a,this.context_.next_);this.context_.next_(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.return_=function(a){this.context_.start_();var b=this.context_.yieldAllIterator_;if(b)return this.yieldAllStep_("return"in b?b["return"]:function(a){return{value:a,done:!0}},a,this.context_.return);this.context_.return(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.throw_=function(a){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_. yieldAllIterator_["throw"],a,this.context_.next_);this.context_.throw_(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.yieldAllStep_=function(a,b,c){try{var g=a.call(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_,b);$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(g);if(!g.done)return this.context_.stop_(),g;var d=g.value}catch(l){return this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null,this.context_.throw_(l),this.nextStep_()}this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null;c.call(this.context_,d);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.nextStep_=function(){for(;this.context_.nextAddress;)try{var a=this.program_(this.context_);if(a)return this.context_.stop_(),{value:a.value,done:!1}}catch(b){this.context_.yieldResult=void 0,this.context_.throw_(b)}this.context_.stop_();if(this.context_.abruptCompletion_){a=this.context_.abruptCompletion_;this.context_.abruptCompletion_=null;if(a.isException)throw a.exception;return{value:a.return,done:!0}}return{value:void 0,done:!0}};$jscomp.generator. Generator_=function(a){this.next=function(b){return a.next_(b)};this.throw=function(b){return a.throw_(b)};this.return=function(b){return a.return_(b)};$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();this[Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this}};$jscomp.generator.createGenerator=function(a,b){b=new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(b));$jscomp.setPrototypeOf&&$jscomp.setPrototypeOf(b,a.prototype);return b};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator=function(a){function b(b){return a.next(b)}function c(b){return a.throw(b)}return new Promise(function(g,d){function l(a){a.done?g(a.value):Promise.resolve(a.value).then(b,c).then(l,d)}l(a.next())})};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorFunction=function(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(a())};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram=function(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(a)))};$jscomp.polyfill( "Number.isFinite",function(a){return a?a:function(a){return"number"!==typeof a?!1:!isNaN(a)&&Infinity!==a&&-Infinity!==a}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.polyfill("Number.isInteger",function(a){return a?a:function(a){return Number.isFinite(a)?a===Math.floor(a):!1}},"es6","es3");WH.mediumScreenMinWidth=728;WH.largeScreenMinWidth=975;addEventListener("pointerdown",function(a){console.debug("pointer down target",a.target)});addEventListener("pointerup",function(a){console.debug("pointer up target",a.target)});WH.shared=function(){function a(a){null==E&&(E=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,e){a.forEach(function(a){a.isIntersecting&&(n[a.target.id].load(),E.unobserve(a.target))})},{rootMargin:L}));E.observe(a)}function b(a){null==F&&(F=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,e){a.forEach(function(a){if(a.isIntersecting){var e=a.target;if(1!=e.complete){var b=document.createElement("div");b.className="loader";for(var k=0;3>k;k++){var f=document.createElement("div");f.className="loader-dot";b.appendChild (f)}k=document.createElement("div");k.className="loading-container";k.appendChild(b);e.parentElement.insertAdjacentElement("afterbegin",k)}F.unobserve(a.target)}})},{rootMargin:"0px 0px 0px 0px"}));F.observe(a)}function c(a){H.push(a)}function g(a,b){var e=null,k=0,d=function(){k=0;e=null;a.apply()};return function(){var f=X(),p=b-(f-k);0>=p||p>b?(e&&(clearTimeout(e),e=null),k=f,a.apply()):e||(e=setTimeout(d,p))}}function d(){var a=!1,b=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,p;for(p in n){var f=n[p];if(!f.isLoaded){a=f;console.log("deprecated: getBoundingRect should be moved to its own js file");var d=a.element.getBoundingClientRect(),c={top:d.top,bottom:d.bottom};0==a.lastTop-d.top&&window.scrollY!=a.lastY&&(c.top-=window.scrollY,c.bottom-=window.scrollY);a.lastTop=d.top;a.lastY=window.scrollY;a=c;d=b;c=52;var g=2*d;c-=g;d+=g;(0==a.top&&0==a.bottom?0:a.top>=c&&a.top<=d||a.bottom>=c&&a.bottom<=d||a.top<=c&&a.bottom>=d)&&f.load();a=!0}}!a&&n.length&&(window. removeEventListener("scroll",A),A=null)}function l(a){if(a&&a.element){var e=!0;a.element.className||(e=!1);-1==a.element.className.indexOf("content-fill")&&(e=!1);q("webvitalsINP")&&(e=!1);e&&document.addEventListener&&a.finishedLoadingEvent?(a.loaderRemoved=!1,a.element.addEventListener(a.finishedLoadingEvent,function(){a.loadedCallback&&a.loadedCallback();if(0==a.loaderRemoved){a.loaderRemoved=!0;"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide");var e=this.parentElement;if(e){e=e.getElementsByClassName("loading-container");for(var b=0;b<e.length;b++)e[b].remove()}}a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-alt"))}),a.errorEvent&&a.element.addEventListener(a.errorEvent,function(){a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt)})):(a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt),"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide"))}}function h(a){if(a&&a.element){var b=!0;a.element. className||(b=!1);-1==a.element.className.indexOf("content-fill")&&(b=!1);if(b&&document.addEventListener&&a.finishedLoadingEvent){a.loaderRemoved=!1;b=document.createElement("div");b.className="loader";for(var e=0;3>e;e++){var d=document.createElement("div");d.className="loader-dot";b.appendChild(d)}var c=document.createElement("div");c.className="loading-container";c.appendChild(b);a.element.parentElement.insertAdjacentElement("afterbegin",c);a.element.addEventListener(a.finishedLoadingEvent,function(){a.loadedCallback&&a.loadedCallback();0==a.loaderRemoved&&(this.parentElement.removeChild(c),a.loaderRemoved=!0,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide"));a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-alt"))});a.errorEvent&&a.element.addEventListener(a.errorEvent,function(){a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt)})}else a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt),"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList &&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide")}}function w(a){if(!a)return"";if(!r)return a;var b=a.split(".").pop();"jpg"!==b&&"png"!==b||!a.match(/images(_[a-z]{2})?\/thumb\//)||a.match(/(\.[a-zA-Z]+){2}$/)||(a+=".webp");return a}function x(a){this.isLoaded=!1;B=this.element=a;window.addEventListener("pageshow",function(a){a.persisted&&(a=document.getElementById("replacement"))&&B&&a.replaceWith(B)});window.addEventListener("pagehide",function(a){a.persisted&&B&&(B.outerHTML='<div id="replacement"></div>')});u||(this.lastY=window.scrollY,this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top);this.src=a.getAttribute("data-src");this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src);this.isLoaded=!0;this.finishedLoadingEvent="loadeddata";h(this)}}function m(a){this.isLoaded=!1;this.element=a;u||v||(this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top,this.lastY=window.scrollY);this.alt=a.alt;a.alt="";this.finishedLoadingEvent="load";this.errorEvent="error";if(t){var e=a.getAttribute( "data-srclarge");null!=e&&(this.src=e)}this.src||(this.src=a.getAttribute("data-src"));1!=a.getAttribute("data-nowebp")&&(this.src=w(this.src));a&&void 0!==a.classList&&a.classList.add("img-loading-hide");this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src);this.isLoaded=!0;"IMG"==this.element.tagName&&this.element.classList.contains("content-fill")?(l(this),b(this.element)):h(this)}}function U(a){this.isLoaded=!1;this.element=a;u||(this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top,this.lastY=window.scrollY);this.finishedLoadingEvent="loadeddata";this.isPlaying=!1;this.src="https://www.wikihow.com/video"+this.element.getAttribute("data-src");this.poster=this.element.getAttribute("data-poster");(this.poster=w(this.poster))&&"jpg"==this.poster.split(".").pop()&&r&&(this.poster+=".webp");this.noAutoplay=this.element.getAttribute("data-noautoplay");this.play=function(){this.element.play();this.isPlaying=!0};this.pause=function(){this.element.pause();this.isPlaying=!1};this.load=function (){this.element.setAttribute("poster",this.poster);!M||this.noAutoplay||!t&&!0!==window.wgIsMainPage?this.finishedLoadingEvent=null:(this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src),this.play());this.isLoaded=!0;this.noAutoplay||h(this)}}function G(){return"scheduler"in window&&"yield"in scheduler?scheduler.yield():new Promise(function(a){setTimeout(a,0)})}function V(a){var b,e,d,c;return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(k){if(1==k.nextAddress)return k.yield(G(),2);b=document.getElementById(a);if(!b)return console.log("no element with id",a),k.return();e=1==b.getAttribute("data-desktopok");d=1==b.getAttribute("data-nowebp");if(!e&&t||!r||!v||d)return c=b.getAttribute("data-src-nowebp"),c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"),5<c.length&&".webp"==c.substr(c.length-5)&&(c=c.substr(0,c.length-5))),b.setAttribute("data-src",c),b.setAttribute("class","content-fill"),y(a),k.return();c=b.getAttribute("data-srclarge");t&&c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"));b.setAttribute("src",c);k. jumpToEnd()})}function W(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(b){if(1==b.nextAddress)return b.yield(G(),2);D(a);b.jumpToEnd()})}function y(a){q("webvitalsINP")?W(a):D(a)}function D(b){var e=document.getElementById(b);if(e)if(r||N){b=!1;var c=null,f=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();if("img"===f)c=new m(e),v?(f=c,f.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide"),f.element.classList.add("img-loading-alt"),q("webvitalsINP")&&f.element.dataset.firstimage||f.element.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),f.load()):u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("video"===f)c=new U(e),u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("iframe"===f)c=new x(e),u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("picture"===f)if(f=e.getElementsByTagName("img")[0],v){C?(f.width=f.dataset.width,f.height=f.dataset.height):(f.width=f.dataset.widthlarge,f.height=f.dataset.heightlarge);f.src=f.dataset.src;f=e.getElementsByTagName("source");for(var z=0;z<f.length;z++){var h=f[z];h.srcset=h.dataset.srcset}}else c=document.createElement("div"),c.className= "content-spacer",e.appendChild(c),f.id="picture_"+Y++,f.classList.add("content-fill"),c.appendChild(f),c=new m(f),useObserver?a(c.element):b=!0,e=f;else return;c&&(n[c.element.id]=c);f=e.getAttribute("data-width")||e.getAttribute("width");z=e.getAttribute("data-height")||e.getAttribute("height");0<f&&!e.parentElement.classList.contains("sd_link")&&(e.parentElement.style.paddingTop=z/f*100+"%");O?c.load():b&&(d(),A=g(d,500),window.addEventListener("scroll",A))}else P.push(b)}function Q(){R=!0;window.removeEventListener("scroll",Q)}function q(a){return window.allAdTests?window.activeAdTests?a in window.allAdTests?a in window.activeAdTests?!0:!1:(console.log("all",window.allAdTests),console.error("WH.shared trying to check for a test that does not exist:",a),!1):(console.warn("activeAdTests not defined"),!1):(console.warn("allAdTests not defined"),!1)}function Z(){var a=("; "+document.cookie).split("; vr="),b=null;2==a.length&&(b=a.pop().split(";").shift());return"US-CA"==b?!0:!1}function S(){var a=("; "+document.cookie).split("; vr="),b=null;2==a.length&&(b=a.pop().split(";").shift());return 5===b.length&&"US-"==b.substring(0,3)?b.slice(-2):""}function aa(){var a=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=");console.log("ccpa_out cookie",a);window.googlefc=window.googlefc||{};window.googlefc.ccpa=window.googlefc.ccpa||{};window.googlefc.callbackQueue=window.googlefc.callbackQueue||[];var b=function(a){console.log("googlefc ccpaCompletionCallback");a&&(c=!0,console.log("user opted out"),a=new Date,a.setTime(a.getTime()+31536E6),a="; expires="+a.toGMTString(),document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+a+"; path=/",(a=document.getElementById("footer_ccpa"))&&a.classList.add("hidden"),window.afterOptOutTarget&&window.afterOptOutTarget.scrollIntoView())},c=!1;console.log("googlefc queue __uspapi call");window.googlefc.callbackQueue.push({INITIAL_CCPA_DATA_READY:function(){console.log("googlefc INITIAL_CCPA_DATA_READY");var a=!1;switch(googlefc.ccpa.getInitialCcpaStatus()){case googlefc.ccpa. InitialCcpaStatusEnum.CCPA_DOES_NOT_APPLY:a=!0;console.log("googlefc ccpa does not apply");for(var e=document.getElementsByClassName("fc-dns-dialog"),d=0;d<e.length;d++)e[d].remove();break;case googlefc.ccpa.InitialCcpaStatusEnum.NOT_OPTED_OUT:console.log("googlefc ccpa not opted out.. removing cookie");document.cookie="ccpa_out=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/;";document.getElementById("footer").classList.add("ccpa");e=document.getElementById("footer_ccpa");Z()?(e.style.display="block",e.addEventListener("click",function(a){googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b);a=S();console.log("footer ccpa link clicked with state",a);WH.event("ccpa_opt_out_footer_link_click",{type:"fc",state:a});event.preventDefault()})):console.log("googlefc user not opted out but not in loaction to add footer link");window.openOptOutOnLoad&&(console.log("openOptOutOnLoad will open dialogue"),setTimeout(function(){window.googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b)},300));break;case googlefc.ccpa. InitialCcpaStatusEnum.OPTED_OUT:c=!0,e=new Date,e.setTime(e.getTime()+31536E6),e="; expires="+e.toGMTString(),document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+e+"; path=/",console.log("googlefc user is ccpa opted out")}(e=document.querySelectorAll(".body_ccpa_link"))&&e.forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(e){e.preventDefault();var d=S();console.log("body_ccpa_link clicked with state",d);WH.event("ccpa_opt_out_body_link_click",{state:d});1==c?alert("You have already opted out."):a?(console.log("notApplicable typeof mw",typeof mw),"undefined"!=typeof mw?(console.log("mw loader using"),mw.loader.using(["ext.wikihow.ccpa_modal"],function(){WH.CCPA.popNotApplicableModal()})):alert("You are not in a location to which this applies.")):(window.afterOptOutTarget=e.target,window.googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b))})})}})}var H=[],n={},P=[],A,O=!1,R=!1,X=Date.now||function(){return(new Date).getTime()},r=!1,N=!1,I=document.documentElement.clientWidth||window.innerWidth,C=I<WH. mediumScreenMinWidth,J=!C&&I<WH.largeScreenMinWidth,T=!C&&!J,t=T,L="0px 0px 100% 0px",Y=1,v="loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype,u="IntersectionObserver"in window,E=null,F=null,K="";(function(a){var b=new Image;b.onload=function(){a(0<b.width&&0<b.height)};b.onerror=function(){a(!1)};b.src="data:image/webp;base64,UklGRiIAAABXRUJQVlA4IBYAAAAwAQCdASoBAAEADsD+JaQAA3AAAAAA"})(function(a){r=a;N=!0;P.forEach(function(a){y(a)})});1==WH.jsFastRender&&(v=!1,L="0px 0px 0px 0px");window.onresize=function(){H.forEach&&H.forEach(function(a){a()})};c(d);var B=null;var M=function(){var a=window.document.createElement("video");a.setAttribute("muted","");a.setAttribute("playsinline","");a.setAttribute("webkit-playsinline","");a.muted=!0;a.playsinline=!0;a.webkitPlaysinline=!0;a.setAttribute("height","0");a.setAttribute("width","0");a.style.position="fixed";a.style.top=0;a.style.width=0;a.style.height=0;a.style.opacity=0;try{var b=a.play();b&&b.catch&&b.then(function(){}).catch(function(){})}catch(p){ }return!a.paused}();window.addEventListener?(window.addEventListener("scroll",A),window.addEventListener("scroll",Q)):O=!0;window.googlefc=window.googlefc||{};window.googlefc.ccpa=window.googlefc.ccpa||{};window.googlefc.ccpa.overrideDnsLink=!0;q("googlefcCCPA")&&aa();return{isDesktopSize:t,isSmallSize:C,isMedSize:J,isLargeSize:T,viewportWidth:I,getScreenSize:function(){if(q("webvitalsINP"))return C?"small":J?"medium":"large";var a=document;var b=a.documentElement,c=a.body,d=c&&c.clientWidth,g=0;!b||!b.clientWidth||"CSS1Compat"!==a.compatMode&&d?d&&(g=c.clientWidth):g=b.clientWidth;a=g;return 0==a||a>=WH.largeScreenMinWidth?"large":a>=WH.mediumScreenMinWidth?"medium":"small"},throttle:g,TOP_MENU_HEIGHT:52,autoPlayVideo:M,webpSupport:r,addScrollLoadItem:y,addLazyImage:function(a){if(q("webvitalsINP"))V(a);else{var b=document.getElementById(a),c=1==b.getAttribute("data-desktopok"),e=1==b.getAttribute("data-nowebp");!c&&t||!r||!v||e?(c=b.getAttribute("data-src-nowebp"),c||(c=b. getAttribute("data-src"),5<c.length&&".webp"==c.substr(c.length-5)&&(c=c.substr(0,c.length-5))),b.setAttribute("data-src",c),b.setAttribute("class","content-fill"),y(a)):(c=b.getAttribute("data-srclarge"),t&&c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src")),b.setAttribute("src",c))}},addScrollLoadItemByElement:function(a){var b=a.id;b||(b="id-"+Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,16));a.id=b;y(b)},videoRoot:"https://www.wikihow.com/video",setupLoader:h,addResizeFunction:c,loadAllImages:function(){for(var a in n){var b=n[a];b.isLoaded||b.load()}},loadAllEmbed:function(){for(var a in n){var b=n[a];b.isLoaded||"iframe"==b.element.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&b.load()}},addLoadedCallback:function(a,b){n[a].loadedCallback=b},showVideoPlay:function(a){a=a.element.parentElement.getElementsByClassName("m-video-intro-over");"undefined"!==typeof a&&(a=a[0]);a&&(a.style.visibility="visible")},getCompressedImageSrc:w,isBucket:function(a){if(!a)return!1;var b=a;if(!(a instanceof Array))if(Number.isInteger(a))b=[a];else return!1;return 0<=b.indexOf(parseInt(WH.bucket))?!0:!1},isTest:q,yieldToMain:G,getHasScrolled:function(){return R},getBrowser:function(){""==K&&(K=navigator.userAgent.match(/Edg/i)?"edge":navigator.userAgent.match(/Chrome/i)?"chrome":navigator.userAgent.match(/Safari/i)?"safari":"unknown");return K}}}();</script> <script>WH.gdpr=(function(){var acceptCookieName='gdpr_accept';function hasAcceptCookie(){var hasCookie=document.cookie.indexOf('gdpr_accept=');if(hasCookie>=0){return true;}return false;}function hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut(){var hasCookie=document.cookie.indexOf('gdpr_cpp_opt_out=1');if(hasCookie>=0){return true;}return false;}function hasEUQueryParam(){var url=window.location.href;if(url.indexOf('?EUtest=1')!=-1){return true;}else if(url.indexOf('&EUtest=1')!=-1){return true;}return false;}function hasEUQueryParamOff(){var url=window.location.href;if(url.indexOf('?EUtest=0')!=-1){return true;}else if(url.indexOf('&EUtest=0')!=-1){return true;}return false;}function isEULocation(){var value="; "+document.cookie;var parts=value.split("; vi=");var res=null;if(parts.length==2){res=parts.pop().split(";").shift();}if(hasEUQueryParam()){res="EU";}if(hasEUQueryParamOff()){res=null;}if(res=="EU"){return true;}return false;}function popupClosed(){createCookie("gdpr_accept",1,365);createCookie( "gdpr_decline","",-1);gdpr.style.display="none";}function createCookie(name,value,days){var expires="; expires="+new Date(2147483647*1000).toUTCString();if(days){var date=new Date();date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000));expires="; expires="+date.toGMTString();}document.cookie=name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/";}function declinePage(){var decline=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline');if(decline){decline.style.display="block";decline.addEventListener("click",function(){var cookies=document.cookie.split(";");for(var i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){createCookie(cookies[i].split("=")[0],"",-1);}createCookie("gdpr_decline",1,1);var declineConfirm=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm');if(declineConfirm){declineConfirm.style.display='block';}});}var declineOk=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm_dismiss');if(declineOk){declineOk.addEventListener("click",function(){var declineConfirm=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm');if(declineConfirm){declineConfirm. style.display='none';}});}}function cookiePage(){var cookie_policy=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_policy');if(!cookie_policy){return;}var eu_cp_save=document.getElementById('eu_cp_save');var checkbox=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_message_check');checkbox.addEventListener("click",function(){if(hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut()){if(this.checked==true){eu_cp_save.className='';}else{eu_cp_save.className='active';}}else{if(this.checked==true){eu_cp_save.className='active';}else{eu_cp_save.className='';}}});if(hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut()){checkbox.checked=!0;}else{checkbox.checked=!1;}cookie_policy.style.display="block";eu_cp_save.addEventListener("click",function(){var checkbox=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_message_check');if(checkbox.checked==true){createCookie('gdpr_cpp_opt_out',1,1);WH.event('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_out',{});}else{createCookie('gdpr_cpp_opt_out',0,1);WH.event('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_in',{});}eu_cp_save.className='';});WH.eventView('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_out');WH. eventView('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_in');}function pageLoaded(){if(!isEULocation()){return;}if(hasEUQueryParam()){var viValue='EU';createCookie('vi',viValue,1);}declinePage();document.body.className+=' '+'geo-group-eu';var sidebarShare=document.getElementById('sidebar_share');if(sidebarShare){sidebarShare.remove();}cookiePage();}function initialize(){if(WH.isINPTest){return;}var isEU=isEULocation();var gdpr=document.getElementById('gdpr');if(gdpr&&isEU&&!hasAcceptCookie()){gdpr.style.display="block";}else if(gdpr){gdpr.parentNode.removeChild(gdpr);}var accept=document.getElementById('gdpr_accept');if(accept){WH.largeEventView('gdpr_banner_ok_click',{},'#gdpr_accept','click');WH.eventView('gdpr_banner_policy_click',{},'#gdpr_cp_link','click');WH.eventView('gdpr_banner_settings_click',{},'#gdpr_text_inner a','click');accept.addEventListener("click",function(){popupClosed()},true);}var close=document.getElementById('gdpr_close');if(close){close.addEventListener("click",function(){popupClosed( )},true);}return;}return{'initialize':initialize,'pageLoaded':pageLoaded,'hasAcceptCookie':hasAcceptCookie,'hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut':hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut,'isEULocation':isEULocation};})();if(!WH.isINPTest){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){WH.gdpr.pageLoaded();},false);}</script> <style>#title_subtitle{padding:0 15px;color:#777777;font-style:italic}#comscore_px{display:block}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay{width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;top:0;left:0;z-index:100;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link{display:block;top:10%;position:relative;width:80%;background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link:after{border:none}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text{position:relative;width:80%;top:10%;border:1px solid #93b874;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px 15px 15px;line-height:22px;display:block}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text h2{background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;margin:-15px -20px 10px -15px;padding:15px}#aboutthisarticle .text_summary_wrapper{overflow-y:auto}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_close{position:absolute;top:11px;right:10px;width:30px;height:30px;color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:15px;text-align:center;line-height:30px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;display:block;background:#93b874}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link{background:none}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link::after{content:':'}#aboutthisarticle #language_links{display:block;margin-top:.5em;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2}#icon-coupons{position:relative}.icon-coupons-extra{display:none}.show_coupons .icon-coupons-extra{display:list-item}.show_coupons #icon-coupons:after{right:16px;top:19px;transform:rotate(45deg)}#icon-coupons:after{right:16px;top:19px;border-top:2px solid #FFF;border-left:2px solid #FFF;content:" ";height:8px;width:8px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-135deg)}.button.video_transcript_button{float:right;margin-top:10px;color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:15px;display:inline-block;padding:7px 14px;margin-right:10px;border:0px;height:35px;box-sizing:border-box}.button.video_transcript_button:hover{border:0}.button.transcript_button{display:block;padding:12px 5px;border:1px solid #93b874;border-radius:7px;color:#93b874;text-align:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;margin:10px 0 0 0;cursor:pointer;background-color:#FFF;width:128px;line-height:6px}.button.transcript_button:hover{background-color:#FFF}.button.tech_newsletter_button{width:150px;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:bold;padding:.3em 1.5em;border-radius:20px;color:#222222;background:#F7AE38;border:none;margin-left:270px;margin-top:20px;height:fit-content}.button.tech_newsletter_button:hover,.button.tech_newsletter_button:active{background:#E89D22;border:none}#meme_game_article_banner_large{display:none;cursor:pointer}#meme_game_article_banner_small{display:block;padding-top:15px;cursor:pointer}.switch.large{display:none} .switch{position:relative;width:40px;height:20px;top:-5px;float:right;margin-right:0px}.switch .toggle_text{margin-left:-60px;font-size:12.4px;font-weight:bold} .switch input{opacity:0;width:0;height:0} .toggle_slider{position:absolute;cursor:pointer;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background-color:#ccc;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}.toggle_slider::before{position:absolute;content:"";height:20px;width:20px;left:1px;bottom:4px;background-color:white;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s;top:0px}input:checked + .toggle_slider{background-color:#93B874}input:focus + .toggle_slider{box-shadow:0 0 1px #93B874}input:checked + .toggle_slider::before{-webkit-transform:translateX(18px);-ms-transform:translateX(18px);transform:translateX(18px)} .toggle_slider.round{border-radius:34px}.toggle_slider.round::before{border-radius:50%}div.articleShareIcons{display:none}div.articleShareIcons a{padding:2px}#pinterestShareRound{text-decoration:none}#pinterestShareRound > img{cursor:pointer}#rewardedweb{display:none}.w_label:before{display:none}#outstreamVid{padding-top:5px}#intro .wh_ad_intl.gam{height:calc(33.33333333vw);max-height:140px;width:calc(100vw - 32px);max-width:728px}#intro .wh_ad_inner{line-height:0}#gamOutstreamVid_ad_1{text-align:center}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;margin-top:20px;width:300px;height:250px;overflow:hidden}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.fluid{width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;padding-bottom:5px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.gam_osv{width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;padding-bottom:5px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.as-small{overflow:hidden;margin-left:-15px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.as-small-s5{margin-left:-10px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.fwas{margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.fwas .al_method{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px}.fwas-wrap{width:100vw;max-height:85vw;margin-left:-5px}#pagebottom .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden}.section:not(#intro) #relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-5px}.section:not(#intro) #tips .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-10px}.section:not(#intro) #qa .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin-left:-15px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod.containerless_ad{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin-left:-10px;margin-bottom:10px}.dfpsmall.dfpsmallbottom{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:12px;width:300px;height:250px;overflow:hidden}.dfpsmall.dfpsmallbottom.fluid{width:auto;height:auto}.dfpsmall .al_method{padding-top:5px}@media only screen and (min-width:321px){.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin-left:-5px;margin-bottom:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:331px){.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod.containerless_ad{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}}.hide_step_numbers .step_num{display:none}.steps .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:20px}#intro_ad_1.full-width{margin-left:-15px}#intro_ad_1.all_gam_affiliate{text-align:center}#middlerelated_ad_1.all_gam_affiliate{text-align:center;padding-bottom:5px}#tips > .wh_ad_inner > div > ins{margin-top:22px}.oo-ui-buttonElement-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.ur_author{margin-top:5px;color:#c3c3c3;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;display:inline-block;height:36px;vertical-align:bottom}.ur_rating{margin-top:5px}#sample_loading{display:none}.sd_thumb{text-align:center;width:200px;margin:6px}.sd_content .sd_thumb img{border:1px solid #BBB;width:100%;height:auto}#sd_container{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}#sd_container.sd_polish{justify-content:space-between}#sd_container.sd_polish,#sd_container.sd_single{padding:15px 30px}#sd_container.sd_polish .sd_thumb,#sd_container.sd_single .sd_thumb{width:130px}#sd_container.sd_polish .whcdn,#sd_container.sd_single .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #d9ead3;margin-bottom:10px}#sd_container.sd_relationship .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #e9d2de}#sd_container.sd_tech .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #d3dee9}.noscroll{overflow:hidden}.oo-ui-processDialog-content .oo-ui-window-head{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MobileFrontendWikihow/images/dialog-header.svg);background-size:cover}#footer_newsletter{display:block;grid-column:3 / 3;grid-row:2 / span 4;min-height:166px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_icon{display:inline-block;width:25px;height:25px; background:url(/skins/owl/images/newsletter_footer.svg) no-repeat;position:relative;top:2px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;font-size:18px;color:#444f45}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_confirm_text{display:none;margin:5px 0 10px 0;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_text{margin:5px 0 10px 0;font-weight:bold;font-size:12px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{box-sizing:border-box;background:white;margin-bottom:10px;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:5px;border:1px solid #ffffff;font-size:16px;width:180px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email.error{border:1px red solid}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{margin:4px auto;font-size:12px;width:180px;line-height:13px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{display:block;background:#FABC3B;font-weight:bold;color:#000;margin:0 auto;padding:2px .7em;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:5px;width:182px;border:none}.related-wh{display:block;margin-bottom:2%;overflow:hidden}#relatedwikihows .quiz_button{font-weight:bold;font-size:.9em;padding:.25em .5em;background:#FABC3B;border:none;color:#343434;border-radius:3px;float:right}#side_related_articles .quiz_button{display:none}.related-wh-title{background-color:rgba(50,50,50,0.5);padding:2% 4%;width:92%;min-height:32px;position:absolute;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;color:#fff;font-weight:bold}.related-wh-howto{font-size:12px}.medium_a{display:none} #watchtheserelatedvideos{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-gap:10px}#watchtheserelatedvideos a{display:block;position:relative;color:#444f45;border:1px solid #dfdfdf;border-radius:7px;text-decoration:none}#watchtheserelatedvideos .play_button{position:absolute;width:64px;left:50%;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:1}#watchtheserelatedvideos img{display:block}#watchtheserelatedvideos img:not(.play_button){border-top-left-radius:7px;border-top-right-radius:7px}#watchtheserelatedvideos .related-expert-title{left:0;z-index:2;padding:5px;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold}#watchtheserelatedvideos .related-expert-title .related-wh-howto{font-weight:normal}#jpt_header{padding:16px;font-weight:bold}.jpt_container{border-bottom:1px solid #ecebe8;padding:5px 16px;background-color:#fff;display:block;width:268px;height:61px}.jpt_container:last-child{border-bottom:none}.jpt_container:hover{text-decoration:none}.jpt_container img{vertical-align:middle;margin:5px 10px 5px 13px;width:50px;height:50px}.jpt_count{font-size:22px;color:#ecebe8;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:middle}.jpt_container:hover .jpt_count{color:#93b874}.jpt_title{font-size:14px;display:inline-block;width:182px;color:#686868;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){#title_subtitle{padding:0 26px}.section.morequizzes .wh_ad_inner{min-height:90px;padding-top:15px}.quizpage-after-content-ad{min-height:90px;padding-top:15px}#amazonshopping_ad_1{max-height:120px}.quiz-page-top-ad{min-height:90px}.during .quiz-page-top-ad{padding-bottom:5px}.ccpa_footer_extra{display:inline}.embedvideocontainer.ytshort{max-width:405px !important;padding-bottom:100%}.section.video.youtube_short_articles{margin-top:0}#meme_game_article_banner_large{display:block;padding-top:25px}#meme_game_article_banner_small{display:none}.switch.small{display:none}.switch.large{display:block}.switch{top:0px;margin-right:-295px}.medium_a{display:block}.related-wh{float:left;width:48%;margin-right:2%}.sd_thumb{width:200px}#sd_container.sd_polish{justify-content:flex-start}#sd_container.sd_polish .sd_thumb{min-width:130px;width:100%;max-width:155px}#sd_container.sd_polish.first_row{justify-content:space-evenly}#sd_container.sd_single{justify-content:space-around}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_thumb{left:-50px}#sd_container.sd_single .whcdn{box-shadow:none;margin-bottom:0px;z-index:1}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_link{display:flex;align-items:center}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_link span{z-index:0;background:#d9ead3ff;position:absolute;left:-40px;padding:5px 20px 5px 180px;text-align:left;width:100px;min-height:60px;display:flex;align-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}#sd_container.sd_single.sd_relationship .sd_link span{background:#E9D2DE}#sd_container.sd_single.sd_tech .sd_link span{background:#D3DEE9}div.articleShareIcons{display:block;position:relative;float:right;top:0px}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{vertical-align:baseline;margin-bottom:0;margin:0 auto}#gdpr_text{position:relative}#gdpr_cp_link{position:absolute;width:155px;right:-230px;top:2px}#gdpr_text_inner{padding-right:0}#gdpr_accept_wrap{width:70px}#housebottom_ad_1{display:block;padding-top:25px}.house-promo{display:block}#hausead-img-wrap{display:block;position:relative}#intro_ad_1.full-width{margin-left:0}.list_method .steps .altblock{height:60px;font-size:0;width:3.5rem}.list_method .steps .headline_container .headline_info{height:58px}.list_method .steps .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{display:block}.menu{font-size:1rem;position:absolute;border:1px solid #91af79;margin:0;padding:10px 0;top:71px;z-index:1000;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none;right:0}.menu.explore_menu{right:-149px;padding:15px 0 27px 0;max-width:1055px;overflow:hidden;max-height:calc(100vh - 150px);overflow-y:scroll}.menu a{display:block;padding:0 20px 0 15px;line-height:26px;color:#669933}.explore_menu .menuitem,.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{display:inline-block;width:211px;padding:0 20px 0 15px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{font-size:16px;line-height:23px}.explore_menu .menu_item_sub{font-size:14px;line-height:23px}.explore_menu .menu_item_sub:first-child{font-size:16px;padding:0}.explore_menu_line.top_menu_section{font-weight:bold;margin-top:0px}.explore_menu_line.subcat_menu_section{margin-top:10px}.explore_menu_line.top_menu_section:nth-child(2){margin-top:10px;padding-bottom:7px}.explore_menu_line.section_name_line{font-weight:bold;position:relative;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:5px;padding-top:10px}.explore_menu_line.section_name_line:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:-10px;left:16px;width:97%;height:1px;background-color:#D9D9D9}.explore_menu_line{margin-top:5px}#AdminOptions.menu a{color:#363}.menu a:hover{color:white;background-color:#91af79;text-decoration:none}#AdminOptions.menu a:hover{color:white}.admin_arrow{width:0;height:0;border-left:3px solid transparent;border-right:3px solid transparent;border-top:5px solid #AAAAAA;display:inline-block;margin-left:3px;margin-bottom:1px}.menu a.admin_tab_hide{display:none} #actionbar{position:relative;height:35px;margin-top:-10px;z-index:2} .is-authenticated #actionbar{display:block}ul#tabs{position:absolute;top:0px;left:2px;margin:0px;padding:0px}ul#tabs li{float:left;list-style:none;padding:0px;margin:0px;padding-right:15px;line-height:2em}ul#tabs li a{font-size:13px;font-weight:500}ul#tabs li a.on{color:#454545;font-weight:bold}#wikilove_header{display:none}.hs_active.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:40px}#hs_submit{margin-right:40px}.header.love_button #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:72px}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:auto}.mobile_tab:first-child{margin-left:2.3em}#AdminOptions{position:absolute;top:30px;font-size:1em;border:1px solid #91af79;color:#363;margin:0;background-color:#f9f9f9;width:100%;width:-moz-max-content;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-o-max-content}ul#AdminOptions li{padding-left:0px}#content_wrapper{margin:1em auto;max-width:1050px;padding:40px 1em 1em;background:#f3f3f3}#content_inner{width:100%;max-width:728px;margin:0 auto;position:relative}.full_width #content_wrapper,.full_width #content_inner{max-width:initial;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.full_width .content{margin:0}.stable .content p,.stable .content li,.stable .content dl{line-height:25px}.stable .content .steps_list_2 ul,.stable .content .steps_list_2 ol{margin-left:55px;margin-top:5px;padding:0}#trust_banner{border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;font-size:14px}#trust_banner span{display:inline}#breadcrumb{padding:1.1em 0 0.8em 26px;color:#307530}div.articleShareIcons{margin-right:10px;margin-top:-25px}.article_byline{color:#545454;font-size:.85em}.article_byline#recipe_byline{padding-top:0}.article_byline p{font-size:.9em;line-height:1.2rem}.coauthor_checkstar{background-position:right 1px}#byline_info{line-height:1.2rem}.byline_success{background-position:left 40%}#mobile_tab_container{display:none}#section_0{padding:26px 26px 0;line-height:normal}#section_0.special_title{font-size:35px}.ns-0.action-view #section_0{padding:0 26px}#intro{font-size:1em;margin:0;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;padding:7px 26px}#intro p{line-height:25px}#intro .mwimg{margin:10px 0px}#intro .mwimg img{border-radius:3px}.mwimg a img{border-top-left-radius:3px;border-top-right-radius:3px}.steps_list_2 li:first-child .mwimg a img{border-radius:0}.mw-mf-cleanup{display:none}#method_toc{display:block;position:static;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.65em;color:#222222;float:right;background-color:#f6f8f7;border-radius:6px;width:259px;padding:8px 15px 15px 15px;margin:2px 0 10px 10px;clear:right}#method_toc .hidden,#method_toc a.hidden,#method_toc #toc_showless{display:none}#method_toc span{margin-right:.75em}#method_toc .sp_method_toc{margin:3px -26px;border:0 26px;padding:10px 26px;border:0;color:#222222;background-color:#f6f8f7;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.65em}#method_toc .header_toc{width:100%;padding-bottom:5px;color:#444;line-height:normal}#method_toc.en_toc .method_toc_item a{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:17px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_method a > span{background-color:#94b778;width:15px;height:15px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:15px;border-radius:5px;color:#fff;margin-right:5px;font-size:11px;position:absolute;left:0;top:1px}#method_toc.en_toc a{display:block;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.4px;color:#307530;line-height:18px;margin:3px 0;background-image:none;padding-left:20px;position:relative}#method_toc.en_toc .header_toc{font-size:14px;display:none}#method_toc.en_toc #qa_toc{background-image:none}#method_toc.en_toc #qa_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-3,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-4%7Bfill:%23a3a3a3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:.25px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-2' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='7'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-3' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='6.56'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M5.66 3.42A3.16 3.16 0 0 1 7.39 3a3.76 3.76 0 0 1 2.25.64 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 .89 1.92 2.16 2.16 0 0 1-.39 1.31 4.42 4.42 0 0 1-.87.82L8.85 8a1.32 1.32 0 0 0-.46.63 2.82 2.82 0 0 0-.08.71H6.69a5.07 5.07 0 0 1 .19-1.4 2.55 2.55 0 0 1 .8-.94l.44-.34a1.4 1.4 0 0 0 .34-.35 1.21 1.21 0 0 0 .24-.73 1.43 1.43 0 0 0-.26-.82 1.12 1.12 0 0 0-1-.38 1.11 1.11 0 0 0-1 .46 1.81 1.81 0 0 0-.28 1H4.47a2.79 2.79 0 0 1 1.19-2.42z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-4' x='6.65' y='10.15' width='1.79' height='1.73' rx='.44'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #common_questions_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-3,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-4%7Bfill:%23a3a3a3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:.25px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-2' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='7'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-3' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='6.56'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M5.66 3.42A3.16 3.16 0 0 1 7.39 3a3.76 3.76 0 0 1 2.25.64 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 .89 1.92 2.16 2.16 0 0 1-.39 1.31 4.42 4.42 0 0 1-.87.82L8.85 8a1.32 1.32 0 0 0-.46.63 2.82 2.82 0 0 0-.08.71H6.69a5.07 5.07 0 0 1 .19-1.4 2.55 2.55 0 0 1 .8-.94l.44-.34a1.4 1.4 0 0 0 .34-.35 1.21 1.21 0 0 0 .24-.73 1.43 1.43 0 0 0-.26-.82 1.12 1.12 0 0 0-1-.38 1.11 1.11 0 0 0-1 .46 1.81 1.81 0 0 0-.28 1H4.47a2.79 2.79 0 0 1 1.19-2.42z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-4' x='6.65' y='10.15' width='1.79' height='1.73' rx='.44'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #rwh_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2,.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4,.cls-5%7Bstroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-2,.cls-5%7Bstroke-width:.75px%7D.cls-4,.cls-5%7Bfill:none%7D.cls-5%7Bstroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M13.49 3.66v9.1a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2 1.74H5.38a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2-1.74V2.44a1.87 1.87 0 0 1 2-1.74H10z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M11.59 3.45v8.11a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2 1.74H3.48a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2-1.74V2.24a1.87 1.87 0 0 1 2-1.74H8z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M11.59 3.45H8.66A.58.58 0 0 1 8 2.91V.5'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-5' d='M3.41 3.45h2.91M3.41 5.43h6.28M3.41 7.42h6.28M3.41 9.4h6.28M3.41 11.38h6.28'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #comments_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/userreview/assets/comments_toc.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #toc_ref a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M4.19 2.82h8.15'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M12.34 4.23V14H4.46a1.8 1.8 0 0 1-1.8-1.8V2.61a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 1.49 1.62z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M12.34 4.23V14H4.46a1.8 1.8 0 0 1-1.8-1.8V2.61a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 1.49 1.62zM2.66 2.61A1.55 1.55 0 0 1 4.15 1h8.19'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #summary_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;stroke:%2393b874;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-4%7Bstroke-width:.75px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M3.06 2.82H14'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14 4.23V14H3.42C2.09 14 1 13.2 1 12.2V2.61a1.84 1.84 0 0 0 2 1.62z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M14 4.23V14H3.42C2.09 14 1 13.2 1 12.2V2.61a1.84 1.84 0 0 0 2 1.62zM1 2.61A1.84 1.84 0 0 1 3 1h11'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M3.06 7.03h7.48M3.06 9.03h7.48M3.06 11.03h7.48'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #tips_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-4%7Bfill:%23a3a3a3%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cg id='Ellipse_443-3' data-name='Ellipse 443-3'%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-2' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='7'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-3' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='6.56'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M7.56 2.63a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1.53l-.5 4.48h-1l-.53-4.48V3.67a1 1 0 0 1 1.03-1.04z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-4' x='6.57' y='10.13' width='1.97' height='1.91' rx='.95'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #summaryvideo_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15.5 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%23fff;%7D.cls-1,.cls-4%7Bstroke:%2393b875;%7D.cls-2,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;%7D.cls-2%7Bopacity:0.61;%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%2393b874;%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cg id='Layer_2' data-name='Layer 2'%3E%3Cg id='TOC'%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M.54,5.25H13.89A1.11,1.11,0,0,1,15,6.36v7a1.11,1.11,0,0,1-1.11,1.11H1.65A1.11,1.11,0,0,1,.54,13.39V5.25A0,0,0,0,1,.54,5.25Z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-2' width='15' height='15'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M2.13,7.44H.75c-.29,0-.53-.17-.53-.37V5.2h3Z'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='5.82 5.2 4.77 7.44 3.25 7.44 4.3 5.2 5.82 5.2'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='8.99 5.2 7.93 7.44 5.88 7.44 6.94 5.2 8.99 5.2'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='11.63 5.2 10.57 7.44 9.05 7.44 10.1 5.2 11.63 5.2'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14.47,7.44H11.69L12.75,5.2H15V7.07C15,7.27,14.76,7.44,14.47,7.44Z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M3.16,4.69.05,5,0,3.36c0-.2.19-.41.48-.46l1.37-.24Z'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='4.26 4.5 2.96 2.47 4.46 2.21 5.78 4.23 4.26 4.5'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='6.88 4.04 5.57 2.01 7.6 1.65 8.92 3.68 6.88 4.04'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='10.02 3.49 8.71 1.46 10.22 1.2 11.53 3.22 10.02 3.49'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14.65.79l.23,1.84L12.64,3,11.33,1,14.09.52C14.38.47,14.63.59,14.65.79Z'/%3E%3Cline class='cls-4' x1='0.66' y1='7.74' x2='14.63' y2='7.74'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");color:#307431}#method_toc.en_toc #summaryvideo_toc a span{font-size:7px;color:#307431;background-color:#bbd1ab;padding:1px 4px 0 4px;border-radius:6px;display:inline-block;margin-top:1px;vertical-align:text-top;line-height:14px;margin-left:4px}#method_toc.en_toc #othervideo_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_video.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #need_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_need.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #ea_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_expert.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #ingredients_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_ingredients.svg);background-position:0px 4px;background-size:15px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_sample a,#method_toc.en_toc #ei_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_sample_new.svg);padding-left:21px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_questionmethod a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_video.svg);padding-left:21px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_method.toc_tech a span{display:none}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_android a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_android.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_desktop a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_desktop.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_iphone a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_iphone.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_mac a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_mac.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_mobile a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_mobile.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_windows a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_windows.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #final_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_final.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #steps_toc a{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 17 17'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%2394b778%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-1' width='17' height='17' rx='5'/%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284-2' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-2' x='3.2' y='9.99' width='3.5' height='3.5' rx='1.03'/%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284-3' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-2' x='3.2' y='3.51' width='3.5' height='3.5' rx='1.03'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M7.95 4.71h5.85v1.75H7.95zM7.95 11.19h5.85v1.75H7.95z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:14px}#method_toc .toc_hidden,#method_toc .toc_ignore{display:none}#method_toc.intl_toc{margin:3px -26px 12px;padding:10px 26px;border-radius:0;width:100%;float:none}#method_toc.intl_toc a,#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_method,#method_toc.intl_toc #toc_showless,#method_toc.intl_toc #toc_showmore,#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_pre{ background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position-x:left}#method_toc.intl_toc a{ background-position:0 3px;padding-left:15px;display:inline-block;font-size:12px;margin:0 5px 0 0}#method_toc.intl_toc .method_toc_item{display:inline;background:none;padding-left:0}#method_toc.intl_toc .method_toc_item a{line-height:17px}#method_toc.intl_toc .header_toc{margin-right:.75em;border-bottom:none;display:inline;font-size:12px}#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_nav{display:none}#method_toc.intl_toc span.summaryvideo_icon{background:url(/skins/owl/images/video_play_icon.png) 0 0 contain no-repeat; background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/video_play_icon.svg);width:14px;height:12px;margin:0 0 -1px 2px;display:inline-block}.toc_header{color:#444;border-bottom:1px solid #d8d8d4;font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase}#section_0.title_lg,#section_0.title_md,#section_0.title_sm{font-size:35px}.section > .headline_container:not(.subheadline),.steps .headline_container{background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;border-bottom:1px solid #f3f3f3}.section > .headline_container:not(.subheadline) h2,.steps .headline_container h2{padding:0}.method_label{color:#222}.headline_container .altblock{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:60px;width:60px;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#fff;border-radius:4px 0 0 0;box-sizing:border-box;display:table;margin:0}.headline_container .altblock > div{width:100%;height:auto;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding-top:.2em}.headline_container .method_label{display:none}.headline_info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:59.5px;line-height:1.125em;padding:0 1em}.headline_container:not(.block_header) .headline_info{padding:0 1em}div.section.steps .headline_container .altblock span{font-size:21px;padding-top:2.5px;display:block;line-height:20px}.section{margin-top:2.2em; }.section.stuck{padding-top:58px}.section .headline_container.block_header .headline_info{padding:0 0 0 75px}.section #ingredients .checkmark,.section #thingsyoullneed .checkmark{width:1em;height:1em}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline{padding:0.5em 0}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline .headline_info{padding-left:1.4em}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline h3{font-size:1.25em;font-weight:bold;color:#222222}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline .altblock{margin-top:.35em;top:auto;height:1.5em;width:1.5em}.section .tool div,.section .headline_container{position:relative}.section .tool div.sticking,.section .headline_container.sticking{position:fixed;top:39px;width:728px;z-index:5;border-radius:0}.section .tool div.sticking .altblock,.section .headline_container.sticking .altblock{border-radius:4px;margin:7px 16px 7px 7px;width:52px;height:44px}@supports (position:sticky){.section.sticky > .headline_container.sticking{top:37px;z-index:5;position:sticky}.sticky-sentinel{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;visibility:hidden}.sticky-sentinel-top{height:20px;top:-59px}.sticky-sentinel-introa{height:20px;top:-59px;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;visibility:hidden}.section .tool div.sticking{position:sticky}}.section.tysk .headline_container{background-size:8.5%}.section.tysk .headline_container .headline_info{padding-left:0}.section.tysk .headline_container h2{padding-left:3rem}h4.steps_text{font-size:1.1em;background:#DCE8CC;color:#222}.section_text,.steps_text{border:none}.steps_list_2 > li{border:none;margin-bottom:1.5em;position:relative}.content{margin:0 0 1.5em}.content .edit-page{display:block;position:absolute;top:1.7em;right:1.7em;background:none;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:normal;color:#307530}.content .sticking .edit-page{margin-right:10px}.pre-content{border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.method_ad{margin-left:-19px}#intro.hasad{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}#intro_ad_1{height:120px}#intro_ad_1 > ins{background-color:#F3F3F3}.steps .section_text .steps_list_2 .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:25px;margin-left:-20px;margin-bottom:-21px;line-height:0}.steps .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:35px}.steps .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px;width:728px;min-height:0 !important}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-15px;margin-bottom:-15px;line-height:0}#qa .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px}#ingredients .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px;line-height:0}#thingsyoushouldknow .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#quick_summary_section .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px}.thingsyoushouldknow h2.tysk_head{background-color:#FFF;background-size:8.5%;border-radius:7px 7px 0 0;border-image:linear-gradient(to right,#93b874,#93b874 4.4%,#f3f3f3 4.4%,#f3f3f3) 1}.thingsyoushouldknow h2.tysk_head span.mw-headline{padding-left:3rem}#relatedwikihows{padding-left:15px}#relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-15px;margin-bottom:-16px;line-height:0}#expertinterview .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-16px;margin-bottom:-16px;line-height:0}#relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px}#intro .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:24px;margin-left:-26px}#intro .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:40px}.qz_container .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:5px}#warnings .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-bottom:-26px;margin-top:25px}#userreviews_mobile .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-bottom:-26px}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:-26px}.section .section_text .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-16px;margin-bottom:-16px}#video .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:25px}#promopair_container{display:block;position:relative;height:224px;margin-top:18px}#promopair_container.wh_ad_spacing{height:250px;background-color:#FFF;margin-top:0px;padding-top:10px}#promopair_container.tip_submit{padding-top:15px}#tips #promopair_container .wh_ad_inner{position:absolute;left:0;width:300px;height:250px}#promopair-img-wrap{position:absolute;right:-26px;width:420px}.wh_ad_spacing #promopair-img-wrap{right:0}#promopair_container img{min-width:auto;min-height:auto}ol.references{padding-left:0}#mw-mf-page-center{background:#F3F3F3}#mw-mf-page-center .qz_container{margin:26px auto}.w_label{margin-top:13px;background:#fff}.promopair.w_label{margin-top:0}#rightrail1_ad_1.blockthrough.w_label:before{display:none}.rr_container .w_label{background-color:#f3f3f3}#intro .w_label{display:block}.al_dollar{position:relative}.al_dollar:after{content:'$';font-size:9px;font-weight:bold;position:absolute;left:5px;top:-10px;color:#ecebe8}.al_dollar.w_label:before{margin-top:-18px;left:0px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:4px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;-webkit-border-radius:2px;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-moz-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-o-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);border:1px solid #444;font-weight:normal}#intro .al_dollar.w_label:before{background:-webkit-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-moz-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-o-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%)}.w_label:before{font-size:9px;line-height:normal;color:#444;position:absolute;left:6px;margin-top:-13px;display:block}.al_grey.w_label:before{color:#bababa}.m-video-wm{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;background-color:#93b874;color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:13.5px;line-height:13px;opacity:0.6 !important;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-right:5px;padding-left:0px;text-decoration:none;pointer-events:none}.m-video-wm canvas{height:13px;vertical-align:bottom}.m-video-wm:before{right:100%;bottom:0;content:" ";height:100%;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none;border-bottom:22px solid #93b874;border-left:18px solid transparent}#preload-wm-img{background:url(/skins/WikiHow/images/WH_logo.svg) no-repeat -9999px -9999px}.content .m-video-wm-img{width:auto !important;height:11px !important;padding-right:5px;display:block;float:left}.sourcesandcitations .section_text{padding-left:42px}.content .tips .section_text ul li,.content .warnings .section_text ul li{margin-bottom:0.8em}.content .tips .section_text ul li div.wh_vote_container,.content .warnings .section_text ul li div.wh_vote_container{display:none}#end_options{display:block}#end_options li{display:inline-block}#end_options li:before{content:'|';color:#e7e7e7;margin:0 1em}#end_options li:first-child:before{display:none}#article_rating_mobile{margin:1.5rem 0 0;background:#FFF}#article_rating_mobile .mw-headline{font-weight:bold}#footer{text-align:left}#footer_inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1px 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto auto 30px auto auto auto;align-items:initial}.footer_divider,#footer_logo,#footer_crumbs{grid-column:1 / span 3}#footer_logo{grid-row:1}#footer_crumbs{grid-row:2}#footer_top_divider{display:none}#search_footer{grid-column:1;grid-row:4;width:85%}#footer_links{grid-column:1;grid-row:5;text-align:initial;padding-left:initial;margin-top:10px}#footer_links ul{column-gap:7.5em;margin-right:10px}#footer_vertical_divider{grid-column:2;grid-row:4 / span 3;border-left:1px solid #77a555}#byline_hover{z-index:6;position:absolute;top:28px;width:375px;max-width:375px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5em;border:4px solid #7fa065;border-radius:6px;background-color:#FFF}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper{display:none}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay{width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;top:0;left:0;z-index:100;display:none;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link{display:block;top:25%;position:relative;left:25%;width:50%;background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link:after{border:none}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text{position:relative;width:50%;top:25%;border:1px solid #93b874;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px 15px 15px;line-height:25px;left:25%;right:25%;display:block}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text h2{background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;margin:-15px -20px 10px -15px;padding:15px}#aboutthisarticle .text_summary_wrapper{overflow-y:auto}#aboutthisarticle #summary_last_sentence{display:inline}#aboutthisarticle #summary_close{position:absolute;top:11px;right:10px;width:30px;height:30px;color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:15px;text-align:center;line-height:30px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;display:block;background:#93b874}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link{background:none}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link::after{content:':'}#aboutthisarticle #language_links{display:block;margin-top:.5em;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2}.al_method{display:none}#expertadvice > ul{padding-top:10px}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section p{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:0}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul li{font-size:16px}.healtharticle{margin-bottom:45px}.small_pdf_link,.small_offline_link{display:none}a.large_pdf_link,a.large_offline_link{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;float:right;font-weight:bold;margin:-5px 127px 5px 5px;font-size:12px;color:#333333;background-color:#F6F8F7;padding:.45em 1.1rem;border-radius:8px;position:relative;z-index:6}a.large_pdf_link:hover,a.large_offline_link:hover{text-decoration:none}a.large_pdf_link.pdf_link_steps,a.large_offline_link.pdf_link_steps{margin:10px 10px 0 0;min-width:135px;white-space:nowrap}a.large_pdf_link.intl,a.large_offline_link.intl{margin-right:0}a.large_pdf_link.pdf_link_steps.intl,a.large_offline_link.pdf_link_steps.intl{margin-right:10px}a.large_pdf_link img,a.large_offline_link img{width:23px;margin-right:.3rem}a.large_pdf_link > div,a.large_offline_link > div{margin-left:.4rem}a.large_pdf_link.no_align,a.large_offline_link.no_align{margin-right:.5em}a.large_offline_link{background:#93b874;color:white}#footer_newsletter{display:block;grid-column:3;grid-row:4 / span 2;width:210px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{font-size:19px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{font-size:12px;width:100%;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:10px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{font-size:14px;width:initial;border-radius:8px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{font-size:11px}#footer_newsletter_divider{display:none}#intro .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:40px}#watchtheserelatedvideos{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.al_grey{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px}.table_of_contents_list_qam_test #method_toc{display:none}.list_method #method_toc{display:none}#fa_edge_intro img{max-width:calc(100% + 26px)}.wh_ad_intl.gam #intro_ad_1{height:120px;max-width:728px;background-color:#F3F3F3}#intro .wh_ad_intl.gam{max-height:120px;background-color:#F3F3F3}#prestep_ad_1{height:90px;margin-top:10px}#ingredients .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:975px){#ingredients .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px}.wh_vote_container.qa_vote_buttons .qa_widget_vote_links,.wh_vote_container.qa_vote_buttons .wh_thumb_default{display:none}.wh_thumb_response{display:none}.qa_person_circle,.qa_person_circle-img{max-height:60px;max-width:60px}.qa_expert_area,.qa_user_area{max-height:60px}#intro_ad_1.gam{height:90px}.section .section_text .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}.related-wh-quiz{border:1px solid #dfdfdf;border-radius:5px;position:relative;padding-bottom:31px;width:47%}.related-wh-quiz-button{font-weight:bold;font-size:.9em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background:#FABC3B;border:none;color:#343434;position:absolute;left:5px;bottom:4px;border-radius:3px}#fa_edge_intro img{max-width:none}.scrolltomarker{height:1px}.w_label{display:inline-block}.wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:25px;display:block}.promopair.wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:0px}#rightrail0_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}.rrdoublewrap{height:2000px}.rrdoubleinner{position:sticky;top:65px}.rightrail_ad{position:sticky;top:65px}.rightrail_ad.rightraildouble_ad{position:relative;top:0}#rightrail1_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail2_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail3_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail4_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail5_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail6_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail7_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail8_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail9_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}.article-promo{display:block;position:relative}.menu_login,.menu_messages{position:absolute;border:1px solid #91af79;margin:0;padding:10px 0;top:71px;z-index:1000;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none;right:0}.menu_login{padding:15px 25px} #actionbar{display:block}#mw-mf-viewport{min-width:1070px}.header{height:72px;position:relative;border-top:none;max-width:1050px; }.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #hamburger_dot{display:none}.header .search{display:block;height:39px}#header_logo{background-position:left 20px;background-size:162px;width:158px;padding-left:0}#hs,#hs_query{width:auto}#hs_query{position:relative;display:block;float:left;border:solid #FFF;border-width:0 0 2px;border-radius:0;font-size:1.25em;background:none;height:auto;width:75%;min-width:200px;padding:9px 7px 4px}#hs_query::placeholder{color:#FFF;opacity:1}#hs_query.reels_search{width:258px}.hs_notif #hs_query,.hs_notif.hs_active #hs_query{margin-right:0}.hs_active .search{padding-right:0}#hs_submit{position:relative;display:inline-block;background-color:#ADC996;border-radius:4px;width:80px;background-position:center;background-size:25px;margin-left:10px}.hs_active #hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:inline-block}.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:auto}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:75%}#content_wrapper{padding:71px 1em 1em}.header #actions{display:table-cell;padding:0px;margin:0px;border-right:1px solid #89ac6c;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}.header #actions li{border-left:1px solid #89ac6c;padding:0px;height:72px;list-style:none !important;margin:0px;cursor:pointer;width:72.93px;position:relative;display:table}.header #actions li .nav{font-size:calc(8px + (10 - 8) * ((100vw - 975px) / (1020 - 975)));font-weight:bold;color:#475347;display:block;padding-top:40px;position:relative;text-align:center;z-index:1;line-height:normal;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:auto;width:100%}.header #actions li:hover .nav{color:#2C3C2C;text-decoration:none}.header #actions li .new_bubble{font-size:.7em;padding:0 .5em;margin-left:0}.nav_icon{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:46px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;-webkit-transition:all 0.1s ease-out;transition:all 0.1s ease-out}.nav_item:hover,.nav_item_selected{background-color:#85A669}#nav_explore_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_explore.optimized.svg);background-size:28%}#nav_explore_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_explore_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_messages_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_messages.optimized.svg);background-size:33%}#nav_messages_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_messages_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:37%}#nav_random_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' height='24' width='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0zm21.02 19c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-14c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v14z' fill='none'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23475347' d='M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM7.5 18c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S6.67 15 7.5 15s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S8.33 18 7.5 18zm0-9C6.67 9 6 8.33 6 7.5S6.67 6 7.5 6 9 6.67 9 7.5 8.33 9 7.5 9zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm0-9c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S15.67 6 16.5 6s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S17.33 9 16.5 9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:33%}#nav_random_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' height='24' width='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0zm21.02 19c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-14c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v14z' fill='none'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%232C3C2C' d='M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM7.5 18c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S6.67 15 7.5 15s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S8.33 18 7.5 18zm0-9C6.67 9 6 8.33 6 7.5S6.67 6 7.5 6 9 6.67 9 7.5 8.33 9 7.5 9zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm0-9c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S15.67 6 16.5 6s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S17.33 9 16.5 9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:37%}#nav_quizzes_li .nav_icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' id='Layer_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' x='0' y='0' viewBox='0 0 48 48' style='enable-background:new 0 0 48 48' xml:space='preserve'%3E%3Cstyle%3E.st1%7Bfill:%23465347%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cg id='art'%3E%3Cpath style='fill:none' d='M0 0h48v48H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='m40.6 7.8-14.7-3c-1.6-.3-3.2.7-3.5 2.3l-.7 2.9h2.8l.2-.9 15.2 3.1-.4 1.8-7.2-1.5c.4.7.6 1.5.6 2.4v2.4l5.6 1.2-.4 1.8-5.1-1.1v4.7l4.3.9-.3 1.8-4-.8v4.7l3 .6-.4 1.8-2.6-.6V36l1.7.3c1.6.3 3.2-.7 3.5-2.3l4.7-22.7c.3-1.6-.7-3.2-2.3-3.5zM8 15v26c0 1.7 1.3 3 3 3V12c-1.7 0-3 1.3-3 3z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='M28 12H13v32h15c1.7 0 3-1.3 3-3V15c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3zm0 5v3.1c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-8c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V17c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8c.9 0 1.6.5 1.9 1.3.1.2.1.5.1.7z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:36%}#nav_quizzes_li:hover .nav_icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' id='Layer_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' x='0' y='0' viewBox='0 0 48 48' style='enable-background:new 0 0 48 48' xml:space='preserve'%3E%3Cstyle%3E.st1%7Bfill:%23465347%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cg id='art'%3E%3Cpath style='fill:none' d='M0 0h48v48H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='m40.6 7.8-14.7-3c-1.6-.3-3.2.7-3.5 2.3l-.7 2.9h2.8l.2-.9 15.2 3.1-.4 1.8-7.2-1.5c.4.7.6 1.5.6 2.4v2.4l5.6 1.2-.4 1.8-5.1-1.1v4.7l4.3.9-.3 1.8-4-.8v4.7l3 .6-.4 1.8-2.6-.6V36l1.7.3c1.6.3 3.2-.7 3.5-2.3l4.7-22.7c.3-1.6-.7-3.2-2.3-3.5zM8 15v26c0 1.7 1.3 3 3 3V12c-1.7 0-3 1.3-3 3z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='M28 12H13v32h15c1.7 0 3-1.3 3-3V15c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3zm0 5v3.1c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-8c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V17c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8c.9 0 1.6.5 1.9 1.3.1.2.1.5.1.7z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:40%}#random-button{display:none}#nav_profile_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_profile.optimized.svg);background-size:29%}#nav_profile_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_profile_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:32%}#nav_profile_li.nav_member .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MembershipManager/images/nav_proprofile.svg);background-size:40%;background-position:center 11px}#nav_profile_li.nav_member:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MembershipManager/images/nav_proprofile_hover.svg);background-size:43%}.menuitem.menu_separator:hover{background-color:#fff}#nav_help_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_help.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_help_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_help_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:34%}#nav_edit_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_edit.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_edit_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_edit_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:34%}.menuitem.top_cat{padding-left:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.menuitem.top_cat_new{position:relative}.menuitem.top_cat_new:after{content:'New';position:absolute;right:40px;background:#FF3333;color:#FFF;border-radius:10px;line-height:15px;margin:0;font-size:10px;top:5px;padding:0 6px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat_new:after{top:6px;right:20px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat_new_short:after{right:55px}#actions #nav_pro_li{border:none;background:#FFF;border-radius:35px;margin:13px 10px 0 0;box-sizing:border-box;height:45px;width:100px}#actions #nav_pro_li.courses{width:90px}#actions #nav_pro_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_pro.svg);background-size:100%;right:16px;width:22px;height:45px}#actions #nav_pro_li.courses .nav_icon{display:none}#actions #nav_pro_li .red_dot{display:none;position:absolute;background:#FF3333;height:10px;width:10px;right:13px;bottom:10px;border-radius:50%}#actions #nav_pro_li .menu{top:50px;border:none;border-radius:15px;padding:12px 0;box-shadow:-2px 4px 4px rgba(122,122,122,0.25)}#actions #nav_pro_li .menu hr{color:#D9D9D9;margin:12px 0}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade .nav_icon{display:none}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade a{padding:0}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade .label{position:static}#actions #nav_pro .label{display:inline-block;background:#FFCF5A;color:#FFF;font-size:1.2em;padding:.25em .6em;position:absolute;left:16px;top:28%;border-radius:5px} .header #secondary-button.user-button,.header #wikipoints_bubble{position:absolute;padding:0;top:-2px;right:-4px;z-index:1}.header #secondary-button.user-button:hover,.header #wikipoints_bubble:hover{text-decoration:none}.header #secondary-button.user-button span,.header #wikipoints_bubble span{font-size:.6em;width:2.2em;height:1.5em;line-height:1.5em;border-radius:1.5em;position:relative}#header_container{height:72px;transform:scaleY(1);transform-origin:top;transition-duration:120ms}#header_top_watch{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;top:3px;left:0}#header_container.shrunken{transform:scaleY(0.5);transform-origin:top;transition-duration:210ms} .header_container.shrunk{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk .header{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk .header #actions .button.tech_newsletter_button{margin-top:5px}.header_container.shrunk .header #secondary-button.user-button,.header_container.shrunk .header #wikipoints_bubble{top:-10px}.header_container.shrunk #header_logo{background-position:left 5px}.header_container.shrunk #hs_query{height:32px}.header_container.shrunk #hs_submit{height:32px;background-size:21px;margin-top:3px}.header_container.shrunk .nav_icon{display:none}.header_container.shrunk .menu,.header_container.shrunk .menu_login,.header_container.shrunk .menu_messages{top:38px}.header_container.shrunk #actions li{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk #actions li .nav{padding:0}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li{height:30px;width:77px;margin-top:4px}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li .red_dot{display:none !important}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li .menu{top:33px}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro .label{position:relative;left:auto;top:auto}.scrollto_wrap{height:90px}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:-47px}#warnings .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px}#thingsyoullneed .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#expertinterview .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#references .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-42px}#promopair_container.wh_ad_spacing{padding-top:0px}.rtl .method_ad{margin-right:-19px}.rtl #qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-16px}.rtl #intro .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-26px}.rtl .steps .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-21px}.rtl #relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-16px}.qz_container .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:5px}.menu_messages{right:0;font-size:.8em;width:300px;padding:0 0 3px 0}.menu_messages .mw-echo-state{background-color:#EEE}.menu_messages .mw-echo-state:hover{background-color:#F9F9F9}.menu_messages .mw-echo-unread{background-color:#F9F9F9}.menu_messages .mw-echo-content{padding-right:.5em}.menu_message_morelink{text-align:center;padding:5px} .oo-ui-windowManager-modal > .oo-ui-window.oo-ui-dialog{z-index:11}#ca-edit{display:none}.section.aidata{margin-top:-1.5em}.section_text{padding:26px}.step_num{font-size:2.8em;line-height:1em;margin-left:10px}.step{margin:0 30px 0 10px}.summarysection.mwimg,.summarysection .mwimg{margin:-26px -26px 0}#qa{padding:26px}.qa_divider{margin:0 -26px 15px}.qa_sq.qa_editing_aq{margin:0 -26px}#qa_ask_heading{margin-top:0}.references a.external,#site_notice a.external{background:none}#site_notice_x{float:right;display:block;width:14px;height:14px;background:url(/skins/owl/images/article_sprite.png) no-repeat -114px 0;margin:0 0px 10px 10px}#trust_banner{top:72px}#trust_banner > div{max-width:1050px}.shrunk_header #trust_banner{visibility:hidden}.coauthor_link:hover,.eat_tag:hover,.recipe_byline_stars:hover{text-decoration:none}#byline_hover_close{display:none}#coauthor_image:not(.always_show){display:none}#sidebar{display:block;width:300px;min-height:500px;float:right;position:relative}#sidebar .al_dollar:after{top:-16px}#sidebar #cookie_notice{display:none}#sidebar #top_links{padding:30px 15px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;font-size:.65em;font-weight:bold}#sidebar #top_links #gatWriteAnArticle{margin-right:0}#sidebar .sidebox{background-color:#FFF;padding:16px;margin:0 0 15px 0;position:relative;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;color:#686868;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3em}#sidebar .sidebox p{font-size:14px;line-height:17px;margin:12px 0 0}#sidebar .sidebox h3{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold;color:#686868;margin-bottom:11px;padding:0px;background:none}#sidebar .sidebox.short_sidebox{padding-top:10px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container{background-color:#e8efe1;line-height:25px;text-align:center;border-radius:7px;padding:15px 0 20px 0}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container img{width:64px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container h4{font-size:20px;color:#444F45;margin:0 25px;padding:0}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container p{font-size:16px;margin:10px 35px;line-height:25px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container a{background-color:#fff;font-size:16px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox{line-height:normal;padding:0;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .difficult_icon{display:block;margin:.5em auto}#sidebar .arrow_box{position:relative}#sidebar .arrow_box:after,#sidebar .arrow_box:before{right:100%;top:50%;border:solid transparent;content:" ";height:0;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none}#sidebar .arrow_box:before{border:none}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:after,#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:before{top:38px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:after{margin-top:0}#sidebar #aag_sidebox{display:none}#sidebar .arrow_box:after{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-right-color:#FFF;border-width:11px;margin-top:-80px}#sidebar .arrow_box:before{border-color:rgba(229,229,229,0);border-right-color:#e5e5e5;border-width:12px;margin-top:-81px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox h3{margin:0;text-align:left;font-size:11px;background-color:#f6f5f4;padding:4px 1em;width:inherit;-moz-border-radius-topright:4px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:4px;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:4px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius:4px;top-left-border-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box h3{font-size:15px;padding:10px 0 10px 10px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox h4{margin:10px 5px -5px 5px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;background-color:inherit}#sidebar .sp_box{float:left;width:130px;height:75px;position:relative;padding:10px 0 10px 15px}#sidebar .sp_thin_box{width:100%;height:auto;padding:0;display:table}#sidebar .sp_star_section_upper{margin-top:4px;display:inline-block}#sidebar #sp_star_rating_lower{font-size:11px}#sidebar .sp_star_rating_text{font-weight:normal}#sidebar .sp_helpful_box,#sidebar #sp_helpful_new,#sidebar .sp_difficult_box{border-right:1px solid #f3f3f3}#sidebar .sp_difficult_box{padding:10px;text-align:center}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_star_section_upper,#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_helpful_lower{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_helpful_lower{padding-left:10px}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_star_container{height:26px;width:26px}#sidebar .sp_top_box{padding:10px;position:relative;background-color:#f0f5ec;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;border:1px solid #ECEBE8}#sidebar .ar_avatar.generic{border:2px solid #708461}#sidebar .sp_expert_name a{color:#545454}#sidebar .sp_expert_blurb{font-size:12px}#sidebar #social_proof{font-size:11px;line-height:normal;color:#212121;margin:3px 0 30px 0;padding:0 0 5px 0;list-style:none}#sidebar #social_proof li{margin:0 10px 0 0;float:left;line-height:15px;color:#767676}#sidebar #sp_modified{display:inline-block;min-width:70px}#sidebar .sp_circle{border-radius:50%;width:15px;height:15px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:3px;float:left}#sidebar .sp_updated_icon{ background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAAPCAQAAACR313BAAABFElEQVQY00WQwS5DURRFLzGX+ARhLjEUHyG+QvyAmHUmxv6BmJhI/ILeu55HGkUrDSJiQrVoFK/L4LaRMznZ62SffU4gjGuBXdpU9DlhnZmsZjTNBg+IySQy5IiFf7yHGMXCYtzxyHLGmxm27fvtj+/eGk3SYC6wSAejT2rlwIGV+pQdtgM7GG2pQ5smk02/1JZRCLSx7qt65amIp16rXaN0Q6pKr/2ysmVpTl/666dJRiH1Cl9U7VmaxOiFIz9MMgwcJ/HVnmcmsW70eRKuE1jjM1lYmMTSjl11kJ32A4GDvBGjTUdq34ZRflgNBOa5Zxzq3DtvTPnq2uSpS1xOBuoZVdSYmuDALFuc8caIIQ8cspL1P0dFas6MaYbtAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)}#sidebar .sp_updated_icon_sidebar{margin:14px auto 5px auto;position:absolute;left:-2px;right:0;width:22px;height:20px;background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_icon_sidebar.png);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='37.593' height='33.009' viewBox='0 0 37.593 33.009'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M21.089 33.009v-5c6.344 0 11.504-5.161 11.504-11.504S27.433 5 21.089 5 9.584 10.161 9.584 16.504c0 .541.038 1.084.112 1.614l-4.951.694a16.776 16.776 0 0 1-.161-2.309C4.584 7.404 11.988 0 21.089 0s16.504 7.404 16.504 16.504-7.404 16.505-16.504 16.505z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M14.169 17.468l-7.085 7%0A.084L0 17.468z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}#sidebar .sp_text{line-height:17px;font-weight:normal;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;font-size:11px}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text{display:table-cell;padding:8px 3.5%;vertical-align:top}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:first-child{width:26%;padding-left:6.5%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:nth-child(2){width:28%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:last-child{width:22%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text,#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text a{color:#595959}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text_data{display:block;color:#545454}#sidebar .sp_text_data{font-size:12px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .sp_stats_box.sp_thin_box{width:100%;float:none}#sidebar #sp_stats_sidebox{padding:5px 0}#sidebar #sp_stats_sidebox .sp_text_data{font-size:13px}#sidebar .sp_edit_icon{ background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAAPCAQAAACR313BAAAA6ElEQVQY01XQMUoDYRCG4VHsBY8gsRcsxUOIpxAvIHbpxNo7KDY2gmcw+yaKIijB1YQEG9EkKhgk+1r8WbOZr5uHGYYJYpoaR7SZMOKSHZZSN9Eiu3TxP2POqc34uEI2bIj02Ei8V8Ur2z6ZidyxEqyRVzG3UHtpw0FwWMVnC1WHaZ6gPcMXU317m/gjmJQHdab45U1aLUUwRMzsT/HT6xJlHFxgwwf7/qgjWzOUPNjmO/PVR3MH8ygnQXCa+e6bbZvpoDK/bAXBKp2mmM2j1MunrnPPPE2os1BysMw+LQYUjOlyxmbq/wEA8mibiYqo7QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)}#sidebar .sp_edit_icon_sidebar{margin:15px auto 5px auto;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;width:18px;height:18px;background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_edit_icon_sidebar.png); background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='19.813' height='19.82' viewBox='0 0 19.813 19.82'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M19.801 4.792l-6.398 6.397L6.042 18.5 0 19.82l1.269-6.092 7.362-7.311L15.028.02s1.371-.305 3.199 1.523c1.828 1.877 1.574 3.249 1.574 3.249zM6.296 17.18s-.051-1.117-1.32-2.386c-1.219-1.269-2.387-1.269-2.387-1.269l-.558.609-.457 2.031c.355.203.761.457 1.167.863.457.457.711.812.914 1.219l2.031-.457.61-.61z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}#sidebar #sp_section_name{color:#545454;font-size:11px;padding-bottom:6px}#sidebar .sp_nonverifier_text > div{font-size:13px}#sidebar .sp_popup_container{top:110px;left:-20px;position:absolute;z-index:100000007;display:none}#sidebar .hint_box{min-width:150px;max-width:180px;position:relative;background:#FFF;border:3px solid;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.13);border-radius:4px;font-weight:normal;padding:9px;-moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding; background-clip:padding-box}#sidebar .hint_box p{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;margin:0;text-align:left}#sidebar .hint_box:after,#sidebar .hint_box:before{left:50%;border:solid transparent;content:" ";height:0;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none}#sidebar .hint_box:after{top:-19px;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-bottom-color:#FFF;border-width:10px;margin-left:-10px}#sidebar .hint_box:before{top:-24px;border-bottom-color:#d5d5d5;border-width:12px;margin-left:-12px;-moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding; background-clip:padding-box}#sidebar .noarrow:after,#sidebar .noarrow:before{display:none}#sidebar .sp_helpful_rating_count,#sidebar #sp_helpful_text_sidebox{font-size:11px;font-weight:normal;color:#595959}#sidebar #sp_helpful_text_sidebox{margin-top:5px}#sidebar .helpfulness_text{font-size:12px;color:#545454;padding:4px 0 8px}#sidebar .sp_star_container{position:relative;width:21px;height:21px;float:left;border-right:2px solid transparent; background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star_empty.optimized.svg) 0 0 cover no-repeat}#sidebar .social_sidebox{background-color:#FFF;padding:0}#sidebar .social_sidebox h3{margin:0;text-align:left;font-size:11px;background-color:#f6f5f4;padding:4px 1em;width:inherit;-moz-border-radius-topright:4px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:4px;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:4px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius:4px;top-left-border-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}#sidebar .sp_helpful_box.helpful_sidebox{float:none;border-right:none;width:auto;height:auto;padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e7}#sidebar .sp_helpful_statement{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:5px}#sidebar .sp_helpful_statement span{font-size:18px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar #sp_icon_header{background-color:#7fa065;color:#FFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding:8px 25px}#sidebar #byline_hover_body{padding:10px 25px}#sidebar #byline_hover_body a{font-weight:bold}#sidebar #byline_hover_body .sp_expert_icon{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-4px}#sidebar #side_related_articles{padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:8px}#sidebar #side_related_articles_larger .related-article{width:100%;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:4%}#sidebar #side_related_articles .related-article{margin-right:4%;margin-bottom:10px;width:45%}#sidebar #side_related_articles .related-title{bottom:4px}#sidebar .rr_container #side_related_articles{margin-top:10px;width:300px;box-sizing:border-box}#sidebar .rr_container{padding-bottom:15px;position:relative}#sidebar .rr_container.nofixed .w_label{background-color:#ecebe8}#sidebar #userreviews{line-height:normal;margin:3px 0 15px 0;padding:0;color:#686868;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;position:relative;background-color:white;max-width:300px}#sidebar .ur_review{margin-bottom:1px;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;border-radius:4px}#sidebar .ur_review_text{position:relative;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#545454;margin-top:7px}#sidebar .ur_nav_container{background-color:#FFF;margin-top:-6px;padding:0px 20px 15px;min-height:1em;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px}#sidebar .ur_share{float:right;font-weight:normal}#sidebar .ur_share_recipes{display:block;font-size:15px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .ur_nav{display:block}#sidebar .ur_nav_staff{display:block;background:#f3f3f3;padding:5px}#sidebar .ur_even_more{display:none}#sidebar .ur_hide{display:none}#sidebar .ur_author .ur_name{font-size:13px;color:#545454;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .ur_review .ur_date{font-size:11px;color:#9c9c9c}#sidebar .ur_review p{margin-top:0px}#sidebar .ur_avatar{width:36px;height:36px;display:inline-block;border-radius:16%;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:bottom;overflow:hidden}#sidebar #sidebar_share{text-align:center}#sidebar #sidebar_share h3{text-align:left;padding-bottom:5px}#sidebar #sidebar_share > div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;margin-right:10px}#sidebar #sidebar_share > div.admin_state{margin:0px 3px -4px -1px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.like_button{margin-bottom:-8px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.like_button_es{margin-right:0px}#sidebar #sidebar_share #pinterest{margin-right:3px}#sidebar #sidebar_share #pinterest a{ direction:ltr}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share{margin-left:4px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:-6px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share a{display:inline-block;position:relative;z-index:10}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share img{cursor:pointer}#sidebar .fb_iframe_widget iframe{width:auto;position:absolute}#userreviews_mobile{display:none}#aboutthisarticle > .section_text,#aboutthisarticle .sp_top_box,#aboutthisarticle #sp_expert_desc,#aboutthisarticle .sp_box{padding:15px 26px}#aboutthisarticle .sp_difficult_box{padding:15px 0 0}#aboutthisarticle .sp_top_icon_bg{left:26px}#aboutthisarticle #endoptions{border-radius:0}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{font-size:1.1em;padding:1.6em 26px}#aboutthisarticle #summary_text{border-bottom:none;margin-bottom:0}.no_sidebar #content_inner{float:none;max-width:1050px}#content_inner{float:left}.full_width #content_wrapper,.full_width #content_inner{max-width:initial}#footer_inner{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;max-width:1070px;align-items:start;margin-top:10px;column-gap:2%}.footer_divider,#footer_logo,#footer_crumbs{grid-column:span 2}#footer_top_divider{display:initial}#footer_bottom_divider{display:none}#footer_vertical_divider{display:none}a.rr_newsletter_button{display:block;text-align:center;padding:4px;border-radius:7px;border:1px solid #94B778;color:#94B778;font-weight:bold}#rr_newsletter{padding:0px !important;line-height:25px;margin-bottom:20px}#rr_newsletter #rr_newsletter_signup{margin:auto;width:80%}#search_footer{grid-column:1 / 1;grid-row:span 1;min-width:265px;width:100%}#footer_links{grid-column:2 / span 1;grid-row:span 2;margin:0 0 0 50px;padding-left:1em;text-align:center}#footer_links ul{margin-top:-5px;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2;-webkit-column-gap:.5em;-moz-column-gap:.5em;column-gap:.5em;margin-right:0}#footer_links li{margin-right:25px}.steps_list_2 .mwimg.largeimage{margin-bottom:20px}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;width:728px}#side_featured_articles .text{background-color:rgba(50,50,50,0.5);padding:2% 4%;width:92.75%;min-height:32px;position:absolute;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;color:#fff;font-weight:bold}#side_featured_articles .text:hover{background:white}#side_featured_contributor .bottom_button{text-align:center}#side_featured_contributor .bottom_button .button{margin:.1em 0;display:inline-block}#fc_id_img{float:left;margin-right:.8em}.thumbnail a:hover p{color:#2483ef}.sidebox .thumbnail p{font-size:12px !important}.sidebox .thumbnail p span{font-size:13px !important}#gdpr{padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px}#gdpr_text{font-size:13px;margin-left:-85px}#gdpr_cp_link{top:0px}.s-help-response{padding-left:10px;cursor:pointer;border:none;font-size:16px;font-family:Helvetica,arial,sans-serif;color:#363;background:none}.s-help-wrap{position:relative;width:50%;top:25%;left:25%;right:25%;display:block;background-color:#fff;padding:0 20px 15px 15px;border:1px solid #93b874;border-top:none}.s-help-response:hover{text-decoration:underline;background-color:inherit;border:none}#introad-outer > .gptlight{width:728px;height:90px}.s-help-wrap > .s-help-feedback-wrap{padding-bottom:30px}.s-help-feedback-wrap{display:none}#sample_loading{display:initial}#footer_newsletter{display:initial;margin:-25px 0 0 40px;min-width:200px;grid-row:2 / span 4;text-align:left}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{font-size:18px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{box-sizing:initial;padding:5px 10px;font-size:14px;width:170px;border-radius:5px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{box-sizing:initial;margin:initial;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-size:initial;width:182px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{width:180px;margin:5px 0;font-size:12px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1020px){.header #actions li .nav{font-size:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1020px){.menu.explore_menu{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.explore_menu .menuitem,.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{width:218px}}.commonquestions.section .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/extensions/wikihow/qa/widget/assets/qa_question_circle.png?504dc) center / 32px no-repeat;background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox=%220 0 32 32%22 xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%3Cg fill=%22none%22 fill-rule=%22evenodd%22%3E%3Ccircle stroke=%22%23FFFFFF%22 stroke-width=%222%22 cx=%2216%22 cy=%2216%22 r=%2215%22/%3E%3Cpath d=%22M15.408 22.75h1.484a1 1 0 0 1 1 1V25a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-1.484a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-1.25a1 1 0 0 1 1-1zm-5.134-9.412c0-.953.143-1.82.429-2.6a5.521 5.521 0 0 1 1.248-2.002 5.618 5.618 0 0 1 1.976-1.287c.771-.303 1.634-.455 2.587-.455a6.83 6.83 0 0 1 2.223.351 5.363 5.363 0 0 1 1.794 1.014c.511.442.914.992 1.209 1.651.295.659.442 1.404.442 2.236 0 .607-.065 1.131-.195 1.573-.13.442-.303.823-.52 1.144-.217.32-.464.607-.741.858-.277.251-.555.498-.832.741-.33.277-.633.546-.91.806s-.52.55-.728.871c-.208.32-.368.698-.481 1.131-.113.433-.169.962-.169 1.586h-2.808c0-.763.039-1.408.117-1.937.078-.529.204-.992.377-1.391.173-.399.386-.75.637-1.053.251-.303.55-.602.897-.897.277-.243.542-.468.793-.676.251-.208.477-.438.676-.689.2-.251.355-.533.468-.845.113-.312.169-.685.169-1.118 0-.52-.091-.966-.273-1.339a2.781 2.781 0 0 0-.663-.897 2.579 2.579 0 0 0-.832-.494 2.387 2.387 0 0 0-.78-.156c-1.075 0-1.868.351-2.379 1.053-.511.702-.767 1.642-.767 2.821h-2.964z%22 fill=%22%23FFFFFF%22 fill-rule=%22nonzero%22/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E)}</style> <script>window.WH.proMembership=0;</script> <script>window.WH.jsFastRender=0;</script> <style>.ntoc_anchor{position:relative;top:-59px;visibility:hidden}#intro #inline_toc .toc_ul{display:inline;list-style:none;padding:0}#intro #inline_toc{font-size:14px;line-height:24px;padding-bottom:10px}#intro #inline_toc a{font-weight:bold}#intro #inline_toc .toc_li{font-size:14px;display:inline;margin-bottom:0}#intro #inline_toc .separator{color:#999;padding-left:2px;padding-right:5px}#intro #inline_toc button{border:0;border-radius:0;color:#307530;background-color:transparent;font-size:inherit;font-weight:bold;padding:0;text-align:left;position:relative;padding-left:5px;margin-right:0}#intro #inline_toc button.initial{display:none}#intro #inline_toc button span{font-weight:normal;color:#999;padding-right:6px}#intro #inline_toc .toc_toggle_text{color:#307530;font-weight:bold}#intro #inline_toc .toc_toggle_text:hover{text-decoration:underline}#intro #inline_toc .overflow_item{display:none}#intro #inline_toc.showall .overflow_item{display:inline}#intro #inline_toc #summaryvideo_toc a span{display:none}</style> <script>window.WH.pageName='Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine'; window.WH.pageID=356597; window.WH.pageNamespace=0; window.WH.pageLang='en'; window.WH.isMobile=1; window.WH.stuCount=1; window.WH.isAltDomain=0; window.WH.topCat1='Computers and Electronics'; window.WH.topCat2=''; window.WH.bucket=5; window.WH.isDev=0; window.WH.isAnon=1 == 1; window.WH.userType='anon'; window.WH.isUserWithAds=0 == 1; window.WH.wgCategories=["Featured Articles","Internet"];</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/> <meta property="og:title" content="How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="wikiHow"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The ultimate guide to viewing old versions of websitesHave you wondered what a website looked like in the past? Well, you can know! The Wayback Machine is an archival tool that contains a large collection of archived sites from the past...."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.wikihow.com/images/5/57/Use-the-Internet-Archive's-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="3249"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2434"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://www.wikihow.com/images/5/57/Use-the-Internet-Archive's-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@wikihow"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The ultimate guide to viewing old versions of websitesHave you wondered what a website looked like in the past? Well, you can know! The Wayback Machine is an archival tool that contains a large collection of archived sites from the past...."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine"/> <meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="wikiHow"/> <meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="309209200"/> <meta name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="wikihow://article?id=356597"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://es.wikihow.com/usar-la-p%C3%A1gina-de-Internet-Archive"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://ru.wikihow.com/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-Internet-Wayback-Machine"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://pt.wikihow.com/Usar-a-P%C3%A1gina-de-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://fr.wikihow.com/utiliser-la-Wayback-Machine-sur-le-site-Internet-Archive"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://id.wikihow.com/Menggunakan-Internet-Archive-Wayback-Machine"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://www.wikihow.it/Usare-la-Wayback-Machine-di-Internet-Archive"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="th" href="https://th.wikihow.com/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2-Wayback-Machine"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://nl.wikihow.com/Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-gebruiken"/> <script>window.whadconfig = {"gamconfig":{"pagetype":"methods"},"prebidCPM":{"triplelift":0.97,"pubmatic":0.96,"ix":0.96,"amx":0.95,"yahooAds":0.98,"appnexus":0.95,"sharethrough":0.97,"openx":0.95,"verizonmedia":0.92,"rubicon":0.97,"shemedia":0.48,"rise":0.98,"grid":0.98,"medianet":0.9,"yieldmo":0.94},"answerbox":true};</script><style>@media only screen and (max-width:728px){.wh_ad_inner{text-align:center}#intro .wh_ad_intl.wh_ad_inner{min-height:100px}#intro .wh_ad_tude_no_adsense.wh_ad_inner{min-height:100px}}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.wh_ad_intl #intro_ad_1{height:90px}.wh_ad_tude_no_adsense #intro_ad_1{height:90px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall{width:inherit;height:inherit}#intro .wh_ad_intl.wh_ad_inner{min-height:unset}.wh_ad_inner .medium_a{text-align:center}#promopair_ad_1.medium_a{text-align:start}.wh_ad_inner #tips_ad_1.medium_a{text-align:start}}</style><script type="text/javascript">window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };</script><script async src="https://dn0qt3r0xannq.cloudfront.net/wikihow-U9vUCixaae/wikihow-longform/prebid-load.js"></script><script>window.abgSmall = true;window.abgLarge = true;window.fcdomain = true;window.gamintro = false;window.dfpOnLoad = false;window.affpage = false;window.dfpSmall = true;window.dfpMedium = true;window.dfpLarge = true;window.apsVideo = false;window.dfpPageType = 'article';window.dfpCategory = "computers_and_electronics";window.iabCat = ["5S2VRK","1017","1216","1022"];window.iabCatTax = 7;window.iabUserId = 'tbOPdsxYj3mYEWdQeBDQ';window.iabUserKeywords = 'computers_and_electronics';window.sendAffiliateTargeting = true;window.nlpCategory = null;window.isCoppa = 'false'; </script><script>!WH.shared.isTest("aditudeNoAdsense")&&(WH.shared.isLargeSize&&window.abgLarge||WH.shared.isSmallSize&&window.abgSmall||WH.shared.isMedSize)&&function(){var a=document.createElement("script");a.async=!0;a.type="text/javascript";a.src=("https:"==document.location.protocol?"https:":"http:")+"//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js";var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)}();if(WH.shared.isLargeSize){(function(){var abgs=document.createElement('script');abgs.async=!0;abgs.type='text/javascript';var useSSL='https:'==document.location.protocol;abgs.src=(useSSL?'https:':'http:')+'//www.google.com/adsense/search/ads.js';var node=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];node.parentNode.insertBefore(abgs,node);})();(function(g,o){g[o]=g[o]||function(){(g[o]['q']=g[o]['q']||[]).push(arguments)},g[o]['t']=1*new Date})(window,'_googCsa');}window.ccpaOut=0<=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=");function setDFPTargeting(a,b){b=b[a. getAdUnitPath()];for(var c in b)a.setTargeting(c,b[c]);c=WH.bucket;10>c&&(c="0"+c);a.setTargeting("bucket",c);window.sendAffiliateTargeting&&(c="false","undefined"!=typeof window.WH&&1==window.WH.isaffiliatelocation&&(c="true"),a.setTargeting("affiliate",c));a.setTargeting("language",WH.pageLang);a.setTargeting("site",window.location.hostname);a.setTargeting("coppa",window.isCoppa);window.nlpCategory&&a.setTargeting("nlp_category",window.nlpCategory);dfpCategory&&""!=dfpCategory&&a.setTargeting("category",window.dfpCategory)}var gptAddedToPage=!1;function loadGPT(){if(!WH.shared.isTest("aditude")&&!WH.shared.isTest("freestar")&&1!=gptAddedToPage){if(!WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")){var a=document.createElement("script");a.async=!0;a.type="text/javascript";a.src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js";var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)}gptAddedToPage=window.dfprequested=!0}}if(WH.shared.isLargeSize&&window.dfpLarge||WH.shared .isMedSize&&window.dfpMedium||WH.shared.isSmallSize&&window.dfpSmall)loadGPT(),window.googletag=window.googletag||{},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[],window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){"true"==window.isCoppa&&window.googletag.pubads().setTagForChildDirectedTreatment(1);window.googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();window.googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad();var a=window.location.href;"quiz"!=window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype&&!WH.isINPTest&&!WH.shared.isTest("freestar")&&a&&0>a.indexOf("showemptyads=1")&&window.googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();window.googletag.enableServices();if(WH.shared.isLargeSize||!WH.isINPTest)window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",function(a){WH.ads&&WH.ads.slotRendered(a.slot,a.size,a)}),window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("impressionViewable",function(a){WH.ads&&WH.ads.impressionViewable(a.slot)});window.ccpaOut&&window.googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({restrictDataProcessing:!0})});function tryLoadingGAM(){if(1!=window.dfprequested){var a=!1;"undefined"!==typeof WH.gdpr&&WH.gdpr.isEULocation()&&(a=!0);var b=!1;window.fcdomain&&a&&(b=!0);1==b&&loadGPT()}}tryLoadingGAM();function isCCPALocation(){var b=("; "+document.cookie).split("; vr="),a=null;2==b.length&&(a=b.pop().split(";").shift());return"US-CA"==a||WH.shared.isTest("googlefcCCPA")&&("US-CO"==a||"US-CT"==a||"US-DE"==a||"US-IA"==a||"US-MT"==a||"US-NE"==a||"US-NH"==a||"US-NJ"==a||"US-OR"==a||"US-TX"==a||"US-UT"==a||"US-VA"==a)?!0:!1}function loadAps(){!function(a,b,c,f,g,d,e){b[a]||(b[a]={init:function(){b[a]._Q.push(["i",arguments])},fetchBids:function(){b[a]._Q.push(["f",arguments])},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]},d=c.createElement(f),d.async=!0,d.src=g,e=c.getElementsByTagName(f)[0],e.parentNode.insertBefore(d,e))}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js");var b=null;isCCPALocation()&&(b="1YN");var a=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=");0<=a&& (b="1YYN");var c={ortb2:{site:{name:"wikiHow",cat:window.iabCat,cattax:window.iabCatTax,domain:"www.wikihow.com",content:{},ext:{data:{page:"article"}}},user:{id:window.iabUserId,keywords:window.iabUserKeywords}}};WH.shared.isTest("amazonSignalsSiteKeywords")?c.ortb2.site.keywords=window.iabUserKeywords:c.ortb2.user.keywords=window.iabUserKeywords;b&&0<=a?window.apsVideo?apstag.init({pubID:"3271",adServer:"googletag",videoAdServer:"DFP",us_privacy:b}):WH.shared.isTest("apsSignals")?(console.log("aps using signals data and privacyValue",c),apstag.init({pubID:"3271",signals:c,adServer:"googletag",us_privacy:b})):apstag.init({pubID:"3271",adServer:"googletag",us_privacy:b}):b?window.apsVideo?apstag.init({pubID:"3271",adServer:"googletag",videoAdServer:"DFP",aps_privacy:b}):WH.shared.isTest("apsSignals")?(console.log("aps using signals data and privacyValue",c),apstag.init({pubID:"3271",signals:c,adServer:"googletag",aps_privacy:b})):apstag.init({pubID:"3271",adServer:"googletag", aps_privacy:b}):window.apsVideo?apstag.init({pubID:"3271",adServer:"googletag",videoAdServer:"DFP"}):WH.shared.isTest("apsSignals")?(console.log("aps using signals data",c),apstag.init({pubID:"3271",signals:c,adServer:"googletag"})):apstag.init({pubID:"3271",adServer:"googletag"})}function tryLoadingTAM(){var b=!1;"undefined"!==typeof WH.gdpr&&WH.gdpr.isEULocation()&&(b=!0);var a=!1;window.fcdomain&&b&&(a=!0);var c=!1;b||(c=!0);a&&(c=!0);WH.shared.isTest("aditude")&&(c=!1);WH.shared.isTest("freestar")&&(c=!1);"true"==window.isCoppa&&(c=!1);0!=c&&(!WH.isINPTest&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&"IntersectionObserver"in window?(window.googletag=window.googletag||{},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[],window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){loadAps()})):loadAps())}tryLoadingTAM();</script><style>.w_label:before{content:'Advertisement';}</style> <script>(function(){var wh=window.WH=(window.WH||{}),ok=typeof window.addEventListener=='function',d=document,e='event_tracker_ready';wh.largeEvent=function(z,y){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.largeEvent(z,y)})};wh.event=function(z,y){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.event(z,y)})} wh.largeEventView=function(z,y,x,w,v,u){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.largeEventView(z,y,x,w,v,u)})};wh.eventView=function(z,y,x,w,v,u){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.eventView(z,y,x,w,v,u)})}})();</script>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Use_the_Internet_Archive_s_Wayback_Machine rootpage-Use_the_Internet_Archive_s_Wayback_Machine stable skin-minervawh action-view contribute_test0"><script>var dfpKeyVals = []; </script><script>WH.gaType = "mobile"; WH.gaID = "UA-2375655-1"; WH.gaConfig = {"extraPropertyIds":[],"v4PropertyId":null,"mainv4PropertyId":"G-YQL08635YN"}; </script><div id="header_container" class="header_container" data-responsive="1"><a id="skip-main" tabindex="1">Skip to Content</a><div id="header" class="header love_button" role="navigation"><a href="#" title="Open main menu" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" class="mainmenu element main-menu-button"></a><div id="hamburger_dot"></div><div id="wikilove_header"><a id="wikilove_button" class="button" href="/Quizzes">Quizzes</a></div><a id="header_logo" href="/Main-Page"></a><div id="hs" class="hs_notif"><form action="/wikiHowTo" class="search" target="_top" id="search_form_top"><input id="hs_query" role="textbox" tabindex="0" name="search" aria-label="Search here" required="" placeholder="" x-webkit-speech=""><button type="submit" id="hs_submit" name="Search"></button><div id="hs_close" role="button" tabindex="-1"></div></form></div><ul id="actions" role="menubar" aria-label="Header navigation"><li id="nav_pro_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_pro"><div class="nav_icon"></div><div class="red_dot"></div><a id="nav_pro" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#"><div class="label">PRO</div></a><div class="menu" role="menu"> <a href="/Course/Explore" data-type="Courses" class="menuitem " > Courses </a> <a href="/Guides" data-type="Guides" class="menuitem " > Guides <span class="new_bubble">New</span> </a> <a href="/Tech-Help-Pro" data-type="Tech Help Pro" class="menuitem " > Tech Help Pro </a> <a href="/wikiHow:Videos-wikiHowPro" data-type="Expert Videos" class="menuitem " > Expert Videos </a> <a href="/Pro" data-type="About wikiHow Pro" class="menuitem " > About wikiHow Pro </a> <a href="#wh-dialog-pro" data-type="Upgrade" class="menuitem upgrade" rel=nofollow> Upgrade </a> <a href="#wh-dialog-login" data-type="Sign In" class="menuitem sign_in" rel=nofollow> Sign In </a> </div> </li><li id="nav_quizzes_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_quizzes"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_quizzes" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="/Quizzes" data-link="/Quizzes">QUIZZES</a></li><li id="nav_edit_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_edit"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_edit" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#wh-dialog-edit" rel="nofollow">EDIT</a><div class="menu" role="menu"> <a href="#wh-dialog-edit" data-type="Edit this Article" class="menuitem " rel=nofollow> Edit this Article </a> </div> </li><li id="nav_explore_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_explore"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_explore" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#">EXPLORE</a><div class="menu explore_menu" role="menu"> <div class="explore_menu_line top_menu_section"> <a href="/Tech-Help-Pro" class="menuitem" data-type="Tech Help Pro">Tech Help Pro</a><a href="/wikiHow:About-wikiHow" class="menuitem" data-type="About Us">About Us</a><a href="/Special:Randomizer" class="menuitem" data-type="Random Article">Random Article</a><a href="/Quizzes" class="menuitem" data-type="Quizzes">Quizzes</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line top_menu_section"> <a href="/Special:RequestTopic" class="menuitem" data-type="Request a New Article">Request a New Article</a><a href="/Special:CommunityDashboard" class="menuitem" data-type="Community Dashboard">Community Dashboard</a><a href="/Games/This-Or-That" class="menuitem top_cat_new top_cat_new_short" data-type="This Or That Game">This Or That Game</a><a href="/Forums" class="menuitem" data-type="Forums">Forums</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line section_name_line"> <a data-type="Popular Categories" href="/Special:CategoryListing" class="menuitem">Popular Categories</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line subcat_menu_section"> <div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Arts-and-Entertainment" data-type="Arts and Entertainment" class="menu_item_sub">Arts and Entertainment</a><a href="/Category:Artwork" data-type="Artwork" class="menu_item_sub">Artwork</a><a href="/Category:Books" data-type="Books" class="menu_item_sub">Books</a><a href="/Category:Movies" data-type="Movies" class="menu_item_sub">Movies</a></div><div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Computers-and-Electronics" data-type="Computers and Electronics" class="menu_item_sub">Computers and Electronics</a><a href="/Category:Computers" data-type="Computers" class="menu_item_sub">Computers</a><a href="/Category:Phone-Skills" data-type="Phone Skills" class="menu_item_sub">Phone Skills</a><a href="/Category:Technology-Hacks" data-type="Technology Hacks" class="menu_item_sub">Technology Hacks</a></div><div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Health" data-type="Health" class="menu_item_sub">Health</a><a href="/Category:Men%27s-Health" data-type="Men's Health" class="menu_item_sub">Men's Health</a><a href="/Category:Psychological-Health" data-type="Mental Health" class="menu_item_sub">Mental Health</a><a href="/Category:Women%E2%80%99s-Health" data-type="Women's Health" class="menu_item_sub">Women's Health</a></div><div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Relationships" data-type="Relationships" class="menu_item_sub">Relationships</a><a href="/Category:Dating" data-type="Dating" class="menu_item_sub">Dating</a><a href="/Category:Love" data-type="Love" class="menu_item_sub">Love</a><a href="/Category:Relationship-Issues" data-type="Relationship Issues" class="menu_item_sub">Relationship Issues</a></div> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line subcat_menu_section"> <div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Hobbies-and-Crafts" data-type="Hobbies and Crafts" class="menu_item_sub">Hobbies and Crafts</a><a href="/Category:Crafts" data-type="Crafts" class="menu_item_sub">Crafts</a><a href="/Category:Drawing" data-type="Drawing" class="menu_item_sub">Drawing</a><a href="/Category:Games" data-type="Games" class="menu_item_sub">Games</a></div><div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Education-and-Communications" data-type="Education & Communication" class="menu_item_sub">Education & Communication</a><a href="/Category:Communication-Skills" data-type="Communication Skills" class="menu_item_sub">Communication Skills</a><a href="/Category:Personal-Development" data-type="Personal Development" class="menu_item_sub">Personal Development</a><a href="/Category:Studying" data-type="Studying" class="menu_item_sub">Studying</a></div><div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Personal-Care-and-Style" data-type="Personal Care and Style" class="menu_item_sub">Personal Care and Style</a><a href="/Category:Fashion" data-type="Fashion" class="menu_item_sub">Fashion</a><a href="/Category:Hair-Care" data-type="Hair Care" class="menu_item_sub">Hair Care</a><a href="/Category:Personal-Hygiene" data-type="Personal Hygiene" class="menu_item_sub">Personal Hygiene</a></div><div class="menuitem"><a href="/Category:Youth" data-type="Youth" class="menu_item_sub">Youth</a><a href="/Category:Personal-Care-for-Youth" data-type="Personal Care" class="menu_item_sub">Personal Care</a><a href="/Category:School-Stuff" data-type="School Stuff" class="menu_item_sub">School Stuff</a><a href="/Category:Dating" data-type="Dating" class="menu_item_sub">Dating</a></div> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line section_name_line"> <a data-type="All Categories" href="/Special:CategoryListing#AllCategories" class="menuitem">All Categories</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line cat_menu_section"> <a data-type="Arts and Entertainment" href="/Category:Arts-and-Entertainment" class="menuitem top_cat">Arts and Entertainment</a><a data-type="Finance and Business" href="/Category:Finance-and-Business" class="menuitem top_cat">Finance and Business</a><a data-type="Home and Garden" href="/Category:Home-and-Garden" class="menuitem top_cat">Home and Garden</a><a data-type="Relationship Quizzes" href="/Relationships#Quizzes" class="menuitem top_cat">Relationship Quizzes</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line cat_menu_section"> <a data-type="Cars & Other Vehicles" href="/Category:Cars-%26-Other-Vehicles" class="menuitem top_cat">Cars & Other Vehicles</a><a data-type="Food and Entertaining" href="/Category:Food-and-Entertaining" class="menuitem top_cat">Food and Entertaining</a><a data-type="Personal Care and Style" href="/Category:Personal-Care-and-Style" class="menuitem top_cat">Personal Care and Style</a><a data-type="Sports and Fitness" href="/Category:Sports-and-Fitness" class="menuitem top_cat">Sports and Fitness</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line cat_menu_section"> <a data-type="Computers and Electronics" href="/Category:Computers-and-Electronics" class="menuitem top_cat">Computers and Electronics</a><a data-type="Health" href="/Category:Health" class="menuitem top_cat">Health</a><a data-type="Pets and Animals" href="/Category:Pets-and-Animals" class="menuitem top_cat">Pets and Animals</a><a data-type="Travel" href="/Category:Travel" class="menuitem top_cat">Travel</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line cat_menu_section"> <a data-type="Education & Communication" href="/Category:Education-and-Communications" class="menuitem top_cat">Education & Communication</a><a data-type="Hobbies and Crafts" href="/Category:Hobbies-and-Crafts" class="menuitem top_cat">Hobbies and Crafts</a><a data-type="Philosophy and Religion" href="/Category:Philosophy-and-Religion" class="menuitem top_cat">Philosophy and Religion</a><a data-type="Work World" href="/Category:Work-World" class="menuitem top_cat">Work World</a> </div> <div class="explore_menu_line cat_menu_section"> <a data-type="Family Life" href="/Category:Family-Life" class="menuitem top_cat">Family Life</a><a data-type="Holidays and Traditions" href="/Category:Holidays-and-Traditions" class="menuitem top_cat">Holidays and Traditions</a><a data-type="Relationships" href="/Category:Relationships" class="menuitem top_cat">Relationships</a><a data-type="Youth" href="/Category:Youth" class="menuitem top_cat">Youth</a> </div> </div> </li><li id="nav_profile_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_profile"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_profile" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#wh-dialog-login" rel="nofollow" data-link="#wh-dialog-login">LOG IN</a><div class="menu_login" role="menu"> <div name="userlogin" class="userlogin"> <h3>Log in</h3> <div id='social-login-navbar' data-return-to=''> <label class='social-disabled'>Social login does not work in incognito and private browsers. Please log in with your username or email to continue.</label> <div id="fb_connect_head"> <a id="fb_login_head" href="#" role="button" class="ulb_button ulb_social_button loading" aria-label="Log in with Facebook" data-type="Facebook"> <span class="ulb_icon"></span> <span class="ulb_label">Facebook</span> </a> </div> <div id="gplus_connect_head"> <a id="gplus_login_head" href="#" role="button" class="ulb_button ulb_social_button loading" aria-label="Log in with Google" data-type="Google"> <span class="ulb_icon"></span> <span class="ulb_label">Google</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <a href="#wh-dialog-login" role="button" id="wh_login_head" class="ulb_button ulb_login" aria-label="Log in" data-type="wikiHow Account"><span class="ulb_icon"></span><span class="ulb_label">wikiHow Account</span></a> </div> <div class="userlogin_links"> No account yet? <a href="/Special:UserLogin?type=signup">Create an account</a> </div> </div> </div> </li><li id="nav_random_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_random"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_random" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#" data-link="/Special:Randomizer">RANDOM</a></li></ul><a id="random-button" href="/Special:Randomizer"></a></div></div><div id="header_container_small" class="header_container shrunk"></div><div id="header_top_watch"></div><div id="mw-mf-viewport"><div id="mw-mf-page-left"><ul id="mobile_menu"><li class="icon-home"><a href="/Main-Page">Home</a></li><li id="randomButton" class="icon-random"><a href="/Special:Randomizer">Random</a></li><li id="icon-categories" class="icon-categories"><a href="/Special:CategoryListing">Browse Articles</a></li><li id="header3" class="side_header">Learn Something New</li><li id="icon-quizzes" class="icon-quizzes"><a href="/Quizzes">Quizzes<span class="hot_bubble">Hot</span></a></li><li id="icon-forums" class="icon-forums"><a href="/Forum">Forums</a></li><li id="icon-courses" class="icon-courses"><a href="/Course/Explore">Courses</a></li><li id="icon-happiness" class="icon-happiness"><a href="/Academy/Shawn-Achor">Happiness Hub</a></li><li id="header4" class="side_header">Play Games</li><li id="icon-thisorthat" class="icon-thisorthat"><a href="/Games/This-Or-That">This Or That Game</a></li><li id="icon-trainyourbrain" class="icon-trainyourbrain"><a href="/Games/Train-Your-Brain">Train Your Brain</a></li><li id="header5" class="side_header">Explore More</li><li id="icon-contribute" class="icon-contribute"><a href="/Special:Contribute">Support wikiHow</a></li><li id="icon-aboutwikihow" class="icon-aboutwikihow"><a href="/wikiHow:About-wikiHow">About wikiHow</a></li></ul><ul><li class="icon-anon"><a href="#wh-dialog-login">Log in / Sign up</a></li></ul><div class="mw-mf-display-toggle"><a href="/wikiHow:Terms-of-Use" class="gdpr-menu">Terms of Use</a></div></div><div id="mw-mf-page-center"><div id="trust_banner"> <div> <a href="/wikiHow:Delivering-a-Trustworthy-Experience" target="_blank"> <span>wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. </span>Learn why people <b>trust wikiHow</b> </a> </div> </div><div id="siteNotice"></div><div id="content_wrapper" role="main"><script type="application/json" id="adDataConfig">{"scrolltoRootLoadingMargin":"0px 0px 1500px 0px","scrolltoLoadingCheck":800}</script><script>var $jscomp=$jscomp||{};$jscomp.scope={};$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_MAP=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_SET=!1;$jscomp.defineProperty=$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5||"function"==typeof Object.defineProperties?Object.defineProperty:function(b,d,g){b!=Array.prototype&&b!=Object.prototype&&(b[d]=g.value)};$jscomp.getGlobal=function(b){return"undefined"!=typeof window&&window===b?b:"undefined"!=typeof global&&null!=global?global:b};$jscomp.global=$jscomp.getGlobal(this);$jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX="jscomp_symbol_";$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){};$jscomp.global.Symbol||($jscomp.global.Symbol=$jscomp.Symbol)};$jscomp.Symbol=function(){var b=0;return function(d){return $jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX+(d||"")+b++}}();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var b=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator;b||(b=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("iterator"));"function"!=typeof Array.prototype[b]&&$jscomp.defineProperty(Array.prototype,b,{configurable:! 0,writable:!0,value:function(){return $jscomp.arrayIterator(this)}});$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var b=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator;b||(b=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("asyncIterator"));$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.arrayIterator=function(b){var d=0;return $jscomp.iteratorPrototype(function(){return d<b.length?{done:!1,value:b[d++]}:{done:!0}})};$jscomp.iteratorPrototype=function(b){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();b={next:b};b[$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this};return b};$jscomp.makeIterator=function(b){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();var d=b[Symbol.iterator];return d?d.call(b):$jscomp.arrayIterator(b)};$jscomp.polyfill=function(b,d,g,l){if(d){g=$jscomp.global;b=b.split(".");for(l=0;l<b.length-1;l++){var k=b[l];k in g||(g[k]={});g=g[k]}b=b[b.length-1];l=g[b];d=d(l);d!=l&&null!=d&&$jscomp. defineProperty(g,b,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:d})}};$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE=!1;$jscomp.polyfill("Promise",function(b){function d(){this.batch_=null}function g(b){return b instanceof k?b:new k(function(d,t){d(b)})}if(b&&!$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE)return b;d.prototype.asyncExecute=function(b){null==this.batch_&&(this.batch_=[],this.asyncExecuteBatch_());this.batch_.push(b);return this};d.prototype.asyncExecuteBatch_=function(){var b=this;this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){b.executeBatch_()})};var l=$jscomp.global.setTimeout;d.prototype.asyncExecuteFunction=function(b){l(b,0)};d.prototype.executeBatch_=function(){for(;this.batch_&&this.batch_.length;){var b=this.batch_;this.batch_=[];for(var d=0;d<b.length;++d){var g=b[d];b[d]=null;try{g()}catch(I){this.asyncThrow_(I)}}}this.batch_=null};d.prototype.asyncThrow_=function(b){this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){throw b;})};var k=function(b){this.state_=0;this.result_=void 0;this.onSettledCallbacks_=[];var d=this. createResolveAndReject_();try{b(d.resolve,d.reject)}catch(A){d.reject(A)}};k.prototype.createResolveAndReject_=function(){function b(b){return function(k){g||(g=!0,b.call(d,k))}}var d=this,g=!1;return{resolve:b(this.resolveTo_),reject:b(this.reject_)}};k.prototype.resolveTo_=function(b){if(b===this)this.reject_(new TypeError("A Promise cannot resolve to itself"));else if(b instanceof k)this.settleSameAsPromise_(b);else{a:switch(typeof b){case"object":var d=null!=b;break a;case"function":d=!0;break a;default:d=!1}d?this.resolveToNonPromiseObj_(b):this.fulfill_(b)}};k.prototype.resolveToNonPromiseObj_=function(b){var d=void 0;try{d=b.then}catch(A){this.reject_(A);return}"function"==typeof d?this.settleSameAsThenable_(d,b):this.fulfill_(b)};k.prototype.reject_=function(b){this.settle_(2,b)};k.prototype.fulfill_=function(b){this.settle_(1,b)};k.prototype.settle_=function(b,d){if(0!=this.state_)throw Error("Cannot settle("+b+", "+d+"): Promise already settled in state"+this.state_);this. state_=b;this.result_=d;this.executeOnSettledCallbacks_()};k.prototype.executeOnSettledCallbacks_=function(){if(null!=this.onSettledCallbacks_){for(var b=0;b<this.onSettledCallbacks_.length;++b)p.asyncExecute(this.onSettledCallbacks_[b]);this.onSettledCallbacks_=null}};var p=new d;k.prototype.settleSameAsPromise_=function(b){var d=this.createResolveAndReject_();b.callWhenSettled_(d.resolve,d.reject)};k.prototype.settleSameAsThenable_=function(b,d){var g=this.createResolveAndReject_();try{b.call(d,g.resolve,g.reject)}catch(I){g.reject(I)}};k.prototype.then=function(b,d){function g(b,d){return"function"==typeof b?function(d){try{l(b(d))}catch(K){t(K)}}:d}var l,t,p=new k(function(b,d){l=b;t=d});this.callWhenSettled_(g(b,l),g(d,t));return p};k.prototype.catch=function(b){return this.then(void 0,b)};k.prototype.callWhenSettled_=function(b,d){function g(){switch(k.state_){case 1:b(k.result_);break;case 2:d(k.result_);break;default:throw Error("Unexpected state: "+k.state_);}}var k=this;null ==this.onSettledCallbacks_?p.asyncExecute(g):this.onSettledCallbacks_.push(g)};k.resolve=g;k.reject=function(b){return new k(function(d,g){g(b)})};k.race=function(b){return new k(function(d,k){for(var l=$jscomp.makeIterator(b),p=l.next();!p.done;p=l.next())g(p.value).callWhenSettled_(d,k)})};k.all=function(b){var d=$jscomp.makeIterator(b),l=d.next();return l.done?g([]):new k(function(b,k){function p(d){return function(h){t[d]=h;A--;0==A&&b(t)}}var t=[],A=0;do t.push(void 0),A++,g(l.value).callWhenSettled_(p(t.length-1),k),l=d.next();while(!l.done)})};return k},"es6","es3");$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet=function(){var b={a:!0},d={};try{return d.__proto__=b,d.a}catch(g){}return!1};$jscomp.setPrototypeOf="function"==typeof Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf:$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet()?function(b,d){b.__proto__=d;if(b.__proto__!==d)throw new TypeError(b+" is not extensible");return b}:null;$jscomp.generator={};$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_=function(b){if( !(b instanceof Object))throw new TypeError("Iterator result "+b+" is not an object");};$jscomp.generator.Context=function(){this.isRunning_=!1;this.yieldAllIterator_=null;this.yieldResult=void 0;this.nextAddress=1;this.finallyAddress_=this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyContexts_=this.abruptCompletion_=null};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.start_=function(){if(this.isRunning_)throw new TypeError("Generator is already running");this.isRunning_=!0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.stop_=function(){this.isRunning_=!1};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToErrorHandler_=function(){this.nextAddress=this.catchAddress_||this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.next_=function(b){this.yieldResult=b};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.throw_=function(b){this.abruptCompletion_={exception:b,isException:!0};this.jumpToErrorHandler_()};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.return=function(b){this.abruptCompletion_={return:b};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp. generator.Context.prototype.jumpThroughFinallyBlocks=function(b){this.abruptCompletion_={jumpTo:b};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yield=function(b,d){this.nextAddress=d;return{value:b}};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yieldAll=function(b,d){b=$jscomp.makeIterator(b);var g=b.next();$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(g);if(g.done)this.yieldResult=g.value,this.nextAddress=d;else return this.yieldAllIterator_=b,this.yield(g.value,d)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpTo=function(b){this.nextAddress=b};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToEnd=function(){this.nextAddress=0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setCatchFinallyBlocks=function(b,d){this.catchAddress_=b;void 0!=d&&(this.finallyAddress_=d)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setFinallyBlock=function(b){this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyAddress_=b||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveTryBlock=function(b,d){this.nextAddress=b;this.catchAddress_=d||0}; $jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterCatchBlock=function(b){this.catchAddress_=b||0;b=this.abruptCompletion_.exception;this.abruptCompletion_=null;return b};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterFinallyBlock=function(b,d,g){g?this.finallyContexts_[g]=this.abruptCompletion_:this.finallyContexts_=[this.abruptCompletion_];this.catchAddress_=b||0;this.finallyAddress_=d||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveFinallyBlock=function(b,d){d=this.finallyContexts_.splice(d||0)[0];if(d=this.abruptCompletion_=this.abruptCompletion_||d){if(d.isException)return this.jumpToErrorHandler_();void 0!=d.jumpTo&&this.finallyAddress_<d.jumpTo?(this.nextAddress=d.jumpTo,this.abruptCompletion_=null):this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_}else this.nextAddress=b};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.forIn=function(b){return new $jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator(b)};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator=function(b){this.object_=b;this.properties_=[];for(var d in b)this.properties_.push(d );this.properties_.reverse()};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator.prototype.getNext=function(){for(;0<this.properties_.length;){var b=this.properties_.pop();if(b in this.object_)return b}return null};$jscomp.generator.Engine_=function(b){this.context_=new $jscomp.generator.Context;this.program_=b};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.next_=function(b){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_.next,b,this.context_.next_);this.context_.next_(b);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.return_=function(b){this.context_.start_();var d=this.context_.yieldAllIterator_;if(d)return this.yieldAllStep_("return"in d?d["return"]:function(b){return{value:b,done:!0}},b,this.context_.return);this.context_.return(b);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.throw_=function(b){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_. yieldAllIterator_["throw"],b,this.context_.next_);this.context_.throw_(b);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.yieldAllStep_=function(b,d,g){try{var l=b.call(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_,d);$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(l);if(!l.done)return this.context_.stop_(),l;var k=l.value}catch(p){return this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null,this.context_.throw_(p),this.nextStep_()}this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null;g.call(this.context_,k);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.nextStep_=function(){for(;this.context_.nextAddress;)try{var b=this.program_(this.context_);if(b)return this.context_.stop_(),{value:b.value,done:!1}}catch(d){this.context_.yieldResult=void 0,this.context_.throw_(d)}this.context_.stop_();if(this.context_.abruptCompletion_){b=this.context_.abruptCompletion_;this.context_.abruptCompletion_=null;if(b.isException)throw b.exception;return{value:b.return,done:!0}}return{value:void 0,done:!0}};$jscomp.generator. Generator_=function(b){this.next=function(d){return b.next_(d)};this.throw=function(d){return b.throw_(d)};this.return=function(d){return b.return_(d)};$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();this[Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this}};$jscomp.generator.createGenerator=function(b,d){d=new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(d));$jscomp.setPrototypeOf&&$jscomp.setPrototypeOf(d,b.prototype);return d};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator=function(b){function d(d){return b.next(d)}function g(d){return b.throw(d)}return new Promise(function(l,k){function p(b){b.done?l(b.value):Promise.resolve(b.value).then(d,g).then(p,k)}p(b.next())})};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorFunction=function(b){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(b())};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram=function(b){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(b)))};$jscomp. iteratorFromArray=function(b,d){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();b instanceof String&&(b+="");var g=0,l={next:function(){if(g<b.length){var k=g++;return{value:d(k,b[k]),done:!1}}l.next=function(){return{done:!0,value:void 0}};return l.next()}};l[Symbol.iterator]=function(){return l};return l};$jscomp.polyfill("Array.prototype.keys",function(b){return b?b:function(){return $jscomp.iteratorFromArray(this,function(b){return b})}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.polyfill("Object.is",function(b){return b?b:function(b,g){return b===g?0!==b||1/b===1/g:b!==b&&g!==g}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.polyfill("Array.prototype.includes",function(b){return b?b:function(b,g){var d=this;d instanceof String&&(d=String(d));var k=d.length;g=g||0;for(0>g&&(g=Math.max(g+k,0));g<k;g++){var p=d[g];if(p===b||Object.is(p,b))return!0}return!1}},"es7","es3");$jscomp.checkStringArgs=function(b,d,g){if(null==b)throw new TypeError("The 'this' value for String.prototype."+g+" must not be null or undefined");if(d instanceof RegExp)throw new TypeError ("First argument to String.prototype."+g+" must not be a regular expression");return b+""};$jscomp.polyfill("String.prototype.includes",function(b){return b?b:function(b,g){return-1!==$jscomp.checkStringArgs(this,b,"includes").indexOf(b,g||0)}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.polyfill("Number.isFinite",function(b){return b?b:function(b){return"number"!==typeof b?!1:!isNaN(b)&&Infinity!==b&&-Infinity!==b}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.polyfill("Number.isInteger",function(b){return b?b:function(b){return Number.isFinite(b)?b===Math.floor(b):!1}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.findInternal=function(b,d,g){b instanceof String&&(b=String(b));for(var l=b.length,k=0;k<l;k++){var p=b[k];if(d.call(g,p,k,b))return{i:k,v:p}}return{i:-1,v:void 0}};$jscomp.polyfill("Array.prototype.find",function(b){return b?b:function(b,g){return $jscomp.findInternal(this,b,g).v}},"es6","es3");WH.ads=function(){function b(){return"scheduler"in window&&"yield"in scheduler?scheduler.yield():new Promise(function(a){setTimeout(a,0)})}function d() {var a={userIds:[{name:"identityLink",params:{pid:"13360"},storage:{type:"html5",name:"idl_env",expires:15,refreshInSeconds:1800}}],syncDelay:3E3,filterSettings:{iframe:{bidders:"ix appnexus rubicon shemedia yieldmo sharethrough yahooAds medianet rise pubmatic amx openx grid triplelift".split(" "),filter:"include"}}};a.userIds.push({name:"amxId",storage:{type:"html5",name:"amxId",expires:1}});WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&(a.syncsPerBidder=3);return a}function g(){return{triplelift:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.triplelift},sendStandardTargeting:!0,adserverTargeting:[{key:"tl_source",val:function(a){return a.tl_source}}]},pubmatic:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.pubmatic}},ix:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.ix}},amx:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.amx}},yahooAds:{ storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.yahooAds}},appnexus:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.appnexus}},sharethrough:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.sharethrough}},openx:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.openx}},verizonmedia:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.verizonmedia}},rubicon:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.rubicon}},shemedia:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.shemedia}},rise:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.rise}},grid:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.grid}},medianet:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a ,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.medianet}},yieldmo:{storageAllowed:!0,bidCpmAdjustment:function(a,c){return a*window.whadconfig.prebidCPM.yieldmo}}}}function l(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(c){h("attempt onBeforeRequestBidsInner",a);c.jumpToEnd()})}function k(a){l(a)}function p(a){WH.shared.isTest("aditude")||WH.shared.isTest("freestar")||window.pbjs.que.push(function(){window.pbjs.addAdUnits(a)})}function t(){var a=(new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)).get("forcebidder");if(a){h("prebid force bidder:",a);var c=[],f;for(f in T){var b=T[f],e=[],d;for(d in b.bids){var g=b.bids[d];g.bidder==a&&e.push(g)}0<e.length&&(b.bids=e,c.push(b))}h("prebid filtered adUnits",c);T=c}}function cb(){var a,c;return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(f){if(1==f.nextAddress)return h("afterPrebidInitLoad"),window.pbjsloaded=!0,window.pbjs.bidderSettings=g(),a={enableSendAllBids:!1,priceGranularity:wa,useBidCache:!0,gptPreAuction:{enabled:!0 ,useDefaultPreAuction:!1,customPreAuction:function(a,c){c=a.code;"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_all_scrol"==a.code&&(c=a.code+"/"+(u-1));h("customPreAuction result is",c,"adUnitCode",a.code);return a.code}}},t(),a.userSync=d(),c="1---",L()&&(c="1YYN"),a.consentManagement={usp:{cmpApi:"static",timeout:0,consentData:{getUSPData:{uspString:c}}}},B&&(h("configuring consentManagement"),a.consentManagement.gdpr={cmpApi:"iab",timeout:100,actionTimeout:100,defaultGdprScope:!0}),f.yield(WH.shared.yieldToMain(),2);pbjs.setConfig(a);pbjs.enableAnalytics([{provider:"atsAnalytics",options:{pid:"13360"}}]);pbjs.aliasBidder("rubicon","shemedia");pbjs.aliasBidder("yahoossp","yahooAds");f.jumpToEnd()})}function A(){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(a){if(1==window.pbjsrequested)return a.return();window.pbjsrequested=!0;if(WH.shared.isTest("aditude")||WH.shared.isTest("freestar"))return a.return();window.pbjs.que.push(cb);a.jumpToEnd()})}function I(){if(1!=window.pbjsrequested&&!WH. shared.isTest("aditude")&&!WH.shared.isTest("freestar")){var a=document.createElement("script");a.async=!0;a.type="text/javascript";a.src="/load.php?modules=ext.wikihow.prebid735-8&only=scripts&v=1";WH.shared.isTest("prebid8")&&(a.src="/load.php?modules=ext.wikihow.prebid.8.46.0.2&only=scripts&v=1");WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&(a.src="/load.php?modules=ext.wikihow.prebid735-6&only=scripts&v=1");var c=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];c.parentNode.insertBefore(a,c);window.pbjsrequested=!0;h("prebid js requested");window.pbjs.que.push(function(){h("prebid initializing prebid configuration and adding ad units");window.pbjsloaded=!0;window.pbjs.bidderSettings=g();var a={enableSendAllBids:!1,priceGranularity:wa,useBidCache:!0,gptPreAuction:{enabled:!0,useDefaultPreAuction:!1,customPreAuction:function(a,c){c=a.code;"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_all_scrol"==a.code&&(c=a.code+"/"+(u-1));h("customPreAuction result is",c,"adUnitCode",a.code);return a.code}}};t();a.userSync=d();var c= "1---";L()&&(c="1YYN");a.consentManagement={usp:{cmpApi:"static",timeout:0,consentData:{getUSPData:{uspString:c}}}};B&&(h("configuring consentManagement"),a.consentManagement.gdpr={cmpApi:"iab",timeout:100,actionTimeout:100,defaultGdprScope:!0});pbjs.setConfig(a);WH.shared.isTest("prebid8")&&(h("prebid 8 config"),pbjs.setConfig({userSync:{topics:{maxTopicCaller:4,bidders:[{bidder:"openx",iframeURL:"https://pa.openx.net/topics_frame.html"},{bidder:"pubmatic",iframeURL:"https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/topics/topics_frame.html"},{bidder:"rtbhouse",iframeURL:"https://topics.authorizedvault.com/topicsapi.html"},{bidder:"improvedigital",iframeURL:"https://hb.360yield.com/privacy-sandbox/topics.html"}]}}}),pbjs.setConfig({paapi:{enabled:!0,defaultForSlots:1,gpt:{autoconfig:!1}}}));pbjs.enableAnalytics([{provider:"atsAnalytics",options:{pid:"13360"}}]);pbjs.aliasBidder("rubicon","shemedia");pbjs.aliasBidder("yahoossp","yahooAds")})}}function db(a){return function(c){return a. getSlotElementId()==m.adTargetId}}function fb(a){h("pbRequestBids",a.adTargetId,a.adunitpath);a.pbTimedOut=!1;a.last_pb_request_time=(new Date).getTime();var c=a.adunitpath;1==a.rightrailmore&&"rightrail"==a.type&&(c=a.adTargetId);WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0"==a.adunitpath&&(c=a.adTargetId);var f=1E3;U&&"rightrail"==a.type&&1==a.isRefreshLoad&&(h("using 2500 timeout for prebid"),f=2500);var b=!1;"scrollto"==a.type&&1==a.prebidAdUnitTest&&(h("using custom gpt targeting function"),b=!0);window.pbjs.requestBids({adUnitCodes:[c],timeout:f,bidsBackHandler:function(f,r){a.pbTimedOut=r;if(f){var e=Object.keys(f)[0];"undefined"!=typeof e&&(h("pbRequestBids result",a.adTargetId,f[e],", timedOut:",r),b?(h("using custom gpt targeting function"),window.pbjs.setTargetingForGPTAsync(c,db)):(h("using non custom gpt targeting function"),window.pbjs.setTargetingForGPTAsync([c])),WH.shared.isTest("prebid8")&&window.pbjs.setPAAPIConfigForGPT())}a.pbTargetingAdded= !0;1==a.apsDisplayBidsCalled||0==a.apsload?(h("pbRequestBids: done and aps targeting done (or inactive). will load ad",a.adTargetId),z(a)):h("pbRequestBids: done. waiting on aps bid",a.adTargetId)}})}function J(a){window.pbjs.que.push(function(){fb(a)})}function eb(a){a=a.slot;var c=a.getSlotId().getDomId();if(m&&c&&c.includes("scrollto"))return m;for(c=0;c<n.length;c++){var f=n[c];if(q[f.adTargetId]==a)return f}for(c in w)if(f=w[c],q[f.adTargetId]==a)return f;for(c in M)if(f=M[c],q[f.adTargetId]==a)return f;return null}function h(){-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("adslog=1")&&console.log.apply(console,arguments)}function K(){if(-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("adsraw=1"))return!0}function xa(){if(null!==N)return N;N=!1;var a=window.location.href;a&&-1!=a.indexOf("adslog=1")&&(N=!0);return N}function gb(){var a=!1;null!=document.hidden?a=document.hidden:null!=document.mozHidden?a=document.mozHidden:null!=document.webkitHidden?a=document.webkitHidden:null!=document.msHidden&&(a= document.msHidden);return a}function hb(a,c,f){h("apsFetchBids:",f.adTargetId);f.apsTimeout||console.warn("ad has no timeout value",f);for(var b=[],e=0;e<c.length;e++)b.push(q[c[e]]);c=f.apsTimeout;U&&"rightrail"==f.type&&1==f.isRefreshLoad&&(h("using 2500 timeout for aps"),c=2500);"undefined"==typeof apstag?f.pbload?1==f.pbTargetingAdded&&(h("apstag not defined:pb targeting done. will load ad",f.adTargetId),z(f)):(h("apstag not defined: will load ad",f.adTargetId),z(f)):(h("apstag fetchBids slots",a),apstag.fetchBids({slots:a,timeout:c},function(a){window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){h("calling apstag.setDisplayBids()");apstag.setDisplayBids();f.apsDisplayBidsCalled=!0;f.pbload?1==f.pbTargetingAdded?(h("apsFetchBids: done. pb targeting also done. will load ad",f.adTargetId),z(f)):h("apsFetchBids: done. waiting for prebid bids",f.adTargetId):(h("apsFetchBids: done will load ad",f.adTargetId),z(f))})}))}function da(a){return"prestep_ad_1"==a.element.id?!0:!1}function ea(a){if(0==window .whadconfig.answerbox||"scrollto"!==a.type)return!1;a=document.getElementById(a.adTargetId);if(!(a&&a.parentElement&&a.parentElement.parentElement&&a.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement))return!1;a=a.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement;for(var c=0;5>c;c++){a=a.nextSibling;if(!a)break;if("mf-section-1"==a.id)return!0}return!1}function z(a){h("setDFPTargetingAndRefresh",a.adTargetId);var c=q[a.adTargetId];setDFPTargeting(c,dfpKeyVals);c.setTargeting("pagetype",window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype);a.insertSlotValue&&c.setTargeting("slot",V(a.insertSlotValue));if(a.pbload){var f=c.getTargetingMap().hb_bidder;"undefined"!=typeof f&&"triplelift"!=f[0]&&(WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")?c.getTargeting("tl_source")&&0<c.getTargeting("tl_source").length&&c.clearTargeting("tl_source"):c.clearTargeting("tl_source"))}WH.isDev&&!K()&&c.setTargeting("dummyad",1);ea(a)&&c.setTargeting("answerbox",1);da(a)&&c.setTargeting("prestep",fa());window.WH.isUserWithAds&&c.setTargeting("uwa",1);if ("rightrail"==a.type||"main-rr"==a.type){f=a.refreshCount;10>f?f="0"+f:20<f&&(f="max");c.setTargeting("refreshing",f);var b="0"+a.adTargetId.substr(a.adTargetId.length-6,1);c.setTargeting("ad_position",b);c.setTargeting("rr"+b,f);a.refreshCount++;f=v;10>v?f="0"+f:20<v&&(f="max");c.setTargeting("totalcount",f);v++}(a=ha(a.adTargetId))&&c.setTargeting("quiz_pos",a);h("calling googletag.pubads().refresh on slot",[c]);-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("testad=")&&(a=(new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)).get("testad"),c.setTargeting("testad",a));"undefined"!=WH.pageID&&WH.pageID&&c.setTargeting("pageid",WH.pageID);window.googletag.pubads().refresh([c])}function O(a){var c=a.adTargetId;if("undefined"!=typeof q[c]){for(var f=q[c].getAdUnitPath(),b=q[c].getSizes(),e=[],d=0;d<b.length;d++){var h=[];"fluid"!=b[d]&&(h.push(b[d].getWidth()),h.push(b[d].getHeight()),e.push(h))}f=[{slotID:c,slotName:f,sizes:e}];a.apsVid&&(f=[{slotID:c,mediaType:"video"}]);hb(f,[c],a)}}function L(){if(-1!= window.location.href.indexOf("set_ccpa_out=1")){var a=new Date;a.setTime(a.getTime()+31536E6);a="; expires="+a.toGMTString();document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+a+"; path=/";return!0}return 0<=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=")?!0:!1}function ya(a){h("insertAmazonShopping");(window.apscustom=window.apscustom||[]).push({id:"93b7dd52-a8ce-11ed-afa1-0242ac120002:1"})}function ib(a){if("en"==window.WH.pageLang){var c=a.adElement.dataset.aditudetarget;WH.shared.isTest("rightrailDoubleAds")&&"rightrail"==a.type&&"pb-slot-engl-rght-2"==c&&(c="pb-slot-engl-rght-2-small");return c}c=null;"intro"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-intro");"rightrail"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-rght-2","quiz"==window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype&&(c="pb-slot-quiz-right"));"scrollto"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-scrol");"method"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-meth");"large_method"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-meth");"large_related"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-relat");"middlerelated"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-relat");"related"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-relat");"pagebottom"==a.type &&(c="pb-slot-bottm");"tips"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-tipps");"warnings"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-warns");"quizpage"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-quiz-2","quizpage_top_ad_1"==a.adTargetId&&(c="pb-slot-quiz-1"));"quizpage_1"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-engl-quiz-1");"quizpage_2"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-engl-quiz-2");h("aditude target",c,a.adTargetId);return c}function ia(a){if("undefined"!=typeof tude){var c=ib(a);if(null!=c){h("insertAditudeAd",c);var f=WH.bucket;10>f&&(f="0"+f);var b=!1;"scrollto"==a.type&&(h("insert aditude with force render"),b=!0);var e={pagetype:window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype,site:window.location.hostname,bucket:f};a.insertSlotValue&&(e.slot=V(a.insertSlotValue));window.nlpCategory&&(e.nlp_category=window.nlpCategory);window.WH.isUserWithAds&&(e.uwa=1);ea(a)&&(e.answerbox=1);da(a)&&(e.prestep=fa());WH.isDev&&!K()&&(e.dummyad=1);window.dfpCategory&&(e.category=window.dfpCategory);!a.adTargetId||"rightrail"!=a.type&&"main-rr"!=a.type||(f=a.adTargetId.substr(a.adTargetId.length-6,1),e. ad_position="0"+f,f=v,10>v?f="0"+f:20<v&&(f="max"),e.totalcount=f,v++);(f=ha(a.adTargetId))&&(e.quiz_pos=f);a.aditudeDivId=a.adTargetId;a.aditudeBaseDivId=c;a.aditudeTargeting=e;a.aditudeInsertNumber=0;h("inserting aditude ad with slot targeting",a.adTargetId,e);tude.cmd.push(function(){tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([{divId:a.adTargetId,baseDivId:c,targeting:e}],b)})}}}function ja(a){var c=a.adTargetId,f=a.adElement.dataset.freestarPlacement,b=a.adElement.dataset.freestarPlacementSmall;WH.shared.isSmallSize&&b&&(f=b);console.log("insertFreestarAd placementName",f,"slotId",c);a.element.dataset.freestarAd=a.adElement.dataset.freestarAd;a.element.align="center";b=WH.bucket;10>b&&(b="0"+b);b={pagetype:window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype,site:window.location.hostname,bucket:b};a.insertSlotValue&&(b.slot=V(a.insertSlotValue));window.nlpCategory&&(b.nlp_category=window.nlpCategory);ea(a)&&(b.answerbox=1);da(a)&&(b.prestep=fa());window.dfpCategory&&(b.category=window.dfpCategory);!a. adTargetId||"rightrail"!=a.type&&"main-rr"!=a.type||(a=a.adTargetId.substr(a.adTargetId.length-6,1),b.ad_position="0"+a,a=v,10>v?a="0"+a:20<v&&(a="max"),b.totalcount=a,v++);"undefined"==typeof freestar.config.targeting&&(freestar.config.targeting=[]);a={};freestar.config.targeting.push((a[c]=b,a));freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:f,slotId:c})}function za(a){var c=window.document.createElement("script");c.async=!0;c.type="text/javascript";c.src=a.adElement.getAttribute("data-scriptsrc");c.setAttribute("data-divid",a.adTargetId);c.setAttribute("data-adslot","demo_optout");c.setAttribute("data-adsizes","300x250");window.document.getElementById(a.adTargetId).appendChild(c)}function W(a){h("inserting adsense ad",a.type);var c="ca-pub-9543332082073187";ka&&(c="ca-pub-9543332082073187123");var f=window.document.createElement("ins");f.setAttribute("data-ad-client",c);a.adLabelClass?f.setAttribute("class","adsbygoogle "+a.adLabelClass):f.setAttribute("class","adsbygoogle");if(c =a.slot){f.setAttribute("data-ad-slot",c);c=null;if("en"!==window.WH.pageLang){if(c=1==window.affpage)a:{c=("; "+document.cookie).split("; vr=");if(2==c.length&&(c=c.pop().split(";").shift(),"US-"==c.substring(0,3))){c=!0;break a}c=!1}c?(c=3258435188,"intro"==a.type&&(c+=",9504036457",WH.eventView("article_feature_affiliate_page_load_go_vt"))):c=6518366808}L()?(f.setAttribute("data-restrict-data-processing",1),"intro"==a.type&&(c+=",2385774741")):"intro"==a.type&&(c+=",2001974826");jb&&(c=c?c+",2590374787":"2590374787");a.adElement.getAttribute("data-ad-format")&&f.setAttribute("data-ad-format",a.adElement.getAttribute("data-ad-format"));a.adElement.getAttribute("data-full-width-responsive")&&f.setAttribute("data-full-width-responsive",a.adElement.getAttribute("data-full-width-responsive"));WH.shared.isSmallSize&&"intro"!=a.type&&f.setAttribute("data-full-width-responsive","false");WH.shared.isSmallSize&&a.adElement.getAttribute("data-full-width-intro")&&(a.width=WH.shared. viewportWidth);"middlerelated"==a.type&&(f.setAttribute("data-ad-format","fluid"),f.setAttribute("data-ad-layout-key","-fb+5w+4e-db+86"));if("medium"==a.adSize){var b=0,e=document.getElementById("mw-content-text");e&&(b=e.offsetWidth);if("medium"==a.adSize&&700>b)return;"medium"==a.adSize&&728>b&&(a.width=b)}b="display:inline-block;width:"+a.width+"px;height:"+a.height+"px;";e="step2 method qa tips warnings quizpage".split(" ");"small"==a.adSize&&e.includes(a.type)&&(b="display:block;height:"+a.height+"px;");f.style.cssText=b;a.adTargetId&&(b=a.element,"scrollto"==a.type&&(b=window.document.getElementById(a.adTargetId)),"intro"==a.type||a.fullwidthadsense||(a.element.parentElement.style.width=a.width+"px"),b.appendChild(f),a.channels&&(c=c?a.channels+","+c:a.channels),c||(c=""),"undefined"===typeof adsbygoogle&&(window.adsbygoogle=[]),a.nonPersonalized&&((window.adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).requestNonPersonalizedAds=1),(window.adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({params:{ google_ad_channel:c}}))}}function kb(a){var c=document.documentElement.clientWidth;switch(a){case"intro":c-=30;break;case"method":c-=20;break;case"related":c-=14;break;default:c-=20}return c}function lb(){var a="en"!==window.WH.pageLang,c=4288474698;a&&(c=8493149871);var f=("; "+document.cookie).split("; vr="),b="";if(2==f.length&&(b=f.pop().split(";").shift(),1<b.length))switch(b=b.substring(0,2),b){case"AT":c=a?3749973557:1537414198;break;case"AU":c=a?1395272953:4766212761;break;case"CA":c=a?7417755827:8031165194;break;case"CH":c=a?5878864326:9052602829;break;case"DE":c=a?7371075248:7498233609;break;case"DK":c=a?4871483535:6618011172;break;case"ES":c=a?8412694172:8637669854;break;case"FI":c=a?7282024450:2970410202;break;case"FR":c=a?6439221239:2870337854;break;case"IT":c=a?4096623761:2112129267;break;case"NL":c=a?8622531446:2331621115;break;case"NO":c=a?5142946278:5819934820;break;case"SE":c=a?9932238527:4957784454;break;case"GB":c=a?7306075183:7224855145;break;case"US":c=a? 6856904076:1124396943}a||13!=window.WH.pageID%20||"US"!=b||-1==window.location.href.indexOf("firearc=1")&&(c=2785935110);return c}function mb(a,c){if(la&&("intro_ad_1"==a||"rightrail0_ad_1"==a||"step2_ad_1"==a))return a=null,c in la&&(a=la[c]),a}function Aa(a){var c=a.parentElement;this.lastRefreshTime=0;this.element=a;this.adElement=c;this.adTargetId=a.id;var f=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-small"),r=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-medium"),e=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-large");this.okForSize=!1;if(f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize||r&&WH.shared.isMedSize||e&&WH.shared.isLargeSize)this.okForSize=!0;/iphone|ipod|ipad/.test(x);var d=/edg/.test(x);/safari/.test(x);/chrome/.test(x);/crios/.test(x);-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("firearc=1")&&(d=!0);this.type=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-type");var g=mb(this.element.id,this.type);d&&"intro"==this.type&&(g=lb());this.width=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-width");this.service=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-service");d =this.adElement.getAttribute("data-service_eu");(C||E)&&d&&(this.service=d);this.apsload=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-apsload");this.pbload=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-prebidload");this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-size");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallsize")||this.sizesArray);r&&WH.shared.isMedSize&&(this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumsize")||this.sizesArray);'["fluid"]'==this.sizesArray&&(this.pbload=this.apsload=!1);this.sizesArray&&(this.sizesArray=JSON.parse(this.sizesArray));this.disabled=this.isRefreshLoad=!1;if(this.okForSize){this.adElement.classList.add("wh_ad_active");this.fullwidthadsense=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-fullwidthadsense");this.questionsPage=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-questionspage");this.listPage=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-listpage");this.gptLateLoad=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-lateload");this.apsDisplayBidsCalled=!1;var k=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-adunitpath");WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(k=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smalladunitpath")||k);WH.shared.isMedSize&&(k=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumadunitpath")||k);this.rightrailmore=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-rightrailmore");d=!1;this.pbload&&(this.pbAdUnitsData=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-pbadunits"),WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.pbAdUnitsData=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-pbadunitssmall")||this.pbAdUnitsData),this.pbAdUnitsData&&(d=k,"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2"==k&&(d=this.adTargetId),"/10095428/intl/intl_gam_lgm_rght2"==k&&(d=this.adTargetId),WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0"==k&&(d=this.adTargetId),nb(d,this.pbAdUnitsData,this.sizesArray,k),d=!0));if(this.pbload&&!d){var l=!1,n=this.type,m=[],t=this.rightrailmore;T.forEach(function(c){c.code==k&&(l=!0,1==t&&"rightrail"==n&&(c=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(c)),c.code=a.id,m.push(c)))});0<m.length&&(h( "adding rr ad units copied from main rr config"),p(m));0==l&&(this.pbload=!1,h("ad set up for prebid but not found in bids list. will set prebid to false for",k))}this.pbTargetingAdded=!1;this.insertSlotValue=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-insertslotvalue");this.pagetype=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-pagetype");"true"==window.isCoppa&&(this.pbload=!1);this.nonPersonalized=!1;C&&(this.pbload=!1,this.nonPersonalized=!0);1==(B?!0:!1)&&(this.pbload=!0,this.nonPersonalized=!1);1==window.fcdomain&&(this.nonPersonalized=!1);this.nonPersonalized&&ob();this.slot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-slot");this.adsenseBackfillSlot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-backfillslot");this.adunitpath=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-adunitpath");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.adunitpath=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smalladunitpath")||this.adunitpath);r&&WH.shared.isMedSize&&(this.adunitpath=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumadunitpath")||this.adunitpath);this.channels=this.adElement. getAttribute("data-channels");this.refreshable=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-refreshable");this.actionrefresh=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-actionrefresh");this.slotName=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-slot-name");this.refreshType=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-refresh-type");this.last_pb_request_time=0;this.dfpdisplaylate=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-gptdisplaylate");"rightrail"==this.type&&(this.position="initial",this.refreshCount=1);this.viewablerefresh=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-viewablerefresh");this.height=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-height");this.containerless=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-containerless");this.lastRRAd=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-lastrrad");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.adSize="small",this.smallchannels=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallchannels"),this.channels=this.channels?this.channels+","+this.smallchannels:this.smallchannels,this.slot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallslot")||this.slot, this.height=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallheight")||this.height,f=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallheight_eu"),(C||E)&&f&&(this.height=f),this.width=kb(this.type),this.service=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallservice")||this.service,f=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallservice_eu"),(C||E)&&f&&(this.service=f),this.path=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallslot")||this.slot,"adsense"!=this.service||this.fullwidthadsense||this.containerless||(this.adElement.className+=" as-small"));r&&WH.shared.isMedSize&&(this.element.className=this.element.className?this.element.className+" medium_a":"medium_a",this.adSize="medium",this.slot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumslot")||this.slot,this.height=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumheight")||this.height,this.width=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumwidth")||this.width,this.service=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumservice")||this.service,r=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumservice_eu"),(C||E )&&r&&(this.service=r),this.mediumChannels=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumchannels"),this.channels=this.channels?this.channels+","+this.mediumChannels:this.mediumChannels);this.aditudeOnAdsense=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-aditude_on_adsense");WH.shared.isTest("aditude")&&(WH.shared.isTest("aditudeNoAdsense")||"en"!=WH.pageLang||"dfp"==this.service||this.aditudeOnAdsense)&&(r=this.service,this.service="aditude","tips"!=this.type||WH.shared.isSmallSize||WH.shared.isTest("aditudeNoAdsense")||(this.service=r));this.freestarOnAdsense=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-freestar_on_adsense");WH.shared.isTest("freestar")&&this.freestarOnAdsense&&(r=this.service,this.service="freestar","tips"!=this.type||WH.shared.isSmallSize||(this.service=r));e&&WH.shared.isLargeSize&&(this.adSize="large",this.largeChannels=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-largechannels"),this.channels=this.channels?this.channels+","+this.largeChannels:this.largeChannels);this.channels&&g?this.channels= this.channels+","+g:g&&(this.channels=g);if("adsense"!=this.service||this.slot){this.instantLoad=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-instantload");WH.shared.isTest("aditude")&&"scrollto"!=this.type&&(this.instantLoad=!0);if("adsense"==this.service||WH.shared.isMedSize)this.adElement.classList.remove("dfpsmall"),this.adElement.classList.remove("dfpsmallmethod");this.adLabelClass=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-adlabelclass");this.apsTimeout=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-aps-timeout");this.apsVid=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-apsvid");this.refreshtimeout=!1;this.refreshNumber=1;this.maxRefresh=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-max-refresh");this.refreshTime=(this.refreshTime=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-refresh-time"))?parseInt(this.refreshTime):3E4;this.firstRefresh=!0;this.firstRefreshTime=(this.firstRefreshTime=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-first-refresh-time"))?parseInt(this.firstRefreshTime):this.refreshTime;this.useScrollLoader=!0;this.observerLoading=1==this .adElement.getAttribute("data-observerloading");this.logData=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-logdata");this.logUnfilled=!1;this.logData&&(c=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-logdatapercent"),Math.floor(100*Math.random())>c&&(this.logData=!1));this.getRefreshTime=function(){var a=this.refreshTime;1==this.firstRefresh&&(this.firstRefresh=!1,a=this.firstRefreshTime);U&&(a-=1500);return a};this.getRefreshValue=function(){if(0==this.refreshNumber&&!this.refreshable)return"not";this.refreshNumber++;return 20<this.refreshNumber?"max":this.refreshNumber.toString()};this.INPLoad=function(){var a=this,c,f,r,d,e;return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(g){switch(g.nextAddress){case 1:c=1==a.adElement.getAttribute("data-small");f=1==a.adElement.getAttribute("data-medium");r=1==a.adElement.getAttribute("data-large");d=!1;if(c&&WH.shared.isSmallSize||f&&WH.shared.isMedSize||r&&WH.shared.isLargeSize)d=!0;if(!d)return a.disabled=!0,g.return();if(1==a.isLoaded)return g.return(); if("dfp"!=a.service){"dfplight"==a.service?insertDFPLightAd(a):"optout"==a.service?za(a):"amazonshopping"==a.service?ya(a):"aditude"==a.service?ia(a):"freestar"==a.service?ja(a):W(a);g.jumpTo(2);break}e=a;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){!0!==e.slotDefined&&(h("defining new ad slot",e.adTargetId,e.sizesArray,e),h("defineSlot new ad slot",e.adunitpath,e.sizesArray,e.adTargetId),q[e.adTargetId]=window.googletag.defineSlot(e.adunitpath,e.sizesArray,e.adTargetId),q[e.adTargetId].addService(window.googletag.pubads()),q[e.adTargetId].setCollapseEmptyDiv(!1),window.googletag.display(e.adTargetId),e.slotDefined=!0);e.isDFPLoading=!0;"small"!=e.adSize&&0<e.height&&"lgm_outvd"!=e.type&&"lgm_gamoutvd"!=e.type&&"sma_gamoutvd"!=e.type&&(e.element.style.minHeight=e.height+"px");var a=q[e.adTargetId];a&&(h("clearing kvp for ad",e.adTargetId),a.clearTargeting())});return g.yield(b(),3);case 3:return window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){e.apsload&&(h("apsLoad called from load"),O(e))}),g.yield(b(), 4);case 4:window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){e.pbload&&J(e)}),window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){e.apsload||e.pbload||z(e)});case 2:a.isLoaded=!0,g.jumpToEnd()}})};this.load=function(){if(WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP"))this.INPLoad();else{var a=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-small"),c=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-medium"),f=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-large"),b=!1;if(a&&WH.shared.isSmallSize||c&&WH.shared.isMedSize||f&&WH.shared.isLargeSize)b=!0;if(!b)this.disabled=!0;else if(1!=this.isLoaded){if("dfp"==this.service){var e=this;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){0==e.slotDefined&&(h("defining new ad slot",e.adTargetId,e.sizesArray,e),h("defineSlot new ad slot",e.adunitpath,e.sizesArray,e.adTargetId),q[e.adTargetId]=window.googletag.defineSlot(e.adunitpath,e.sizesArray,e.adTargetId),q[e.adTargetId].addService(window.googletag.pubads()),q[e.adTargetId].setCollapseEmptyDiv(!1),window.googletag.display(e.adTargetId),e.slotDefined=!0);e.isDFPLoading=!0;"small" !=e.adSize&&0<e.height&&"lgm_outvd"!=e.type&&"lgm_gamoutvd"!=e.type&&"sma_gamoutvd"!=e.type&&(e.element.style.minHeight=e.height+"px");if(a=q[a])h("clearing kvp for ad",e.adTargetId),a.clearTargeting();if(e.apsload){var a=e.adTargetId;h("apsLoad called from load");O(e)}e.pbload&&J(e);e.apsload||e.pbload||z(e)})}else"dfplight"==this.service?insertDFPLightAd(this):"optout"==this.service?za(this):"amazonshopping"==this.service?ya(this):"aditude"==this.service?ia(this):"freestar"==this.service?ja(this):W(this);this.isLoaded=!0}}};this.refreshQuizAd=function(){if("adsense"==this.service)this.element.innerHTML="",W(this);else if("aditude"==this.service){var a=this;a.element.innerHTML="";var c=ha(a.adTargetId);c&&(a.aditudeTargeting.quiz_pos=c,h("refreshQuizAd aditude targeting",a.aditudeTargeting));tude.cmd.push(function(){tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([{divId:a.aditudeDivId,baseDivId:a.aditudeBaseDivId,targeting:a.aditudeTargeting}],!0)})}else this.apsload&&O(this),this.pbload&&J(this),this .apsload||this.pbload||"dfp"!=this.service||z(this)};this.refresh=function(){var a=this;a.timeoutId=null;if(gb())h("refresh: doc hidden"),setTimeout(function(){a.refresh()},5E3);else{this.lastRefreshScrollY=window.scrollY;var c=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,f=this.element.getBoundingClientRect();P(f,c,!1,a)?(c=this.getRefreshValue(),this.maxRefresh&&c>this.maxRefresh?(h("max refreshes reached returning"),this.refreshable=!1):(this.isRefreshLoad=!0,this.apsload&&(h("apsLoad called from refresh"),O(this)),this.pbload&&J(this),this.apsload||this.pbload||z(this))):setTimeout(function(){a.refresh()},5E3)}};this.show=function(){this.adElement.style.display="block"};this.instantLoad&&("adsense"==this.service&&this.load(),"aditude"==this.service&&this.load(),"freestar"==this.service&&this.load())}else this.disabled=!0,c.style.display="none"}else this.disabled=!0,c.parentElement.removeChild(c),c.style.display="none"}function Ba(a){Aa.call(this,a)}function pb(a){Aa. call(this,a);this.disabled||(a.parentElement.style.display="none",this.scrollToTimer=null,this.slotRendered=!0,this.lastScrollPositionY=0,this.scrolltoNewLoad=!0,"IntersectionObserver"in window||(this.scrolltoNewLoad=!1),this.prebidAdUnitTest=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-prebidadunittest"),this.maxNonSteps=parseInt(this.adElement.getAttribute("data-maxnonsteps")),this.maxSteps=parseInt(this.adElement.getAttribute("data-maxsteps")),this.noStepsAds=!1,0<document.getElementsByClassName("questions_as_methods_articles").length&&(this.noStepsAds=!0),this.loadedElements=[],this.updateVisibility=function(){if(0==this.slotRendered)h("updateVisibility: will not try to insert scrollto ad because prev render is not done");else if(1>this.maxNonSteps&&1>this.maxSteps)Q&&(window.removeEventListener("scroll",Q),Q=null);else if(this.lastScrollPositionY=window.scrollY,10<this.lastScrollPositionY){null!==this.scrollToTimer&&clearTimeout(this.scrollToTimer);var a=this;this.scrollToTimer=setTimeout (function(){a.load()},1E3)}},this.loadScrolltoNew=function(){F.unobserve(y);var a=1==y.getAttribute("data-isstep");if(!(a&&1>this.maxSteps||!a&&1>this.maxNonSteps)){var f=document.createElement("div"),b=document.createElement("div");this.height&&(f.style.minHeight=this.height+"px");b.id=this.adTargetId;f.className="wh_ad_inner wh_ad_active wh_ad_spacing";f.className+=" w_label al_grey";y.classList.contains("before")&&(f.className+=" before");y.classList.contains("during")&&(f.className+=" during");y.classList.contains("after")&&(f.className+=" after");f.appendChild(b);y.after(f);this.insertSlotValue=10<u?"0"+u:"00"+u;u++;this.element.id="scrollto_ad_"+u;a?this.maxSteps--:this.maxNonSteps--;Ca(this)}},this.load=function(){if(!this.scrolltoNewLoad)if((window.innerWidth||document.documentElement.clientWidth)<WH.mediumScreenMinWidth)this.maxSteps=this.maxNonSteps=0;else{a:{var a=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight;var f=document.getElementsByClassName("section"),b=!1; this.questionsPage&&(b=!0,f=document.getElementsByClassName("qa_aq"));this.listPage&&(b=!0);for(var e=null,d=!1,h=0;h<f.length;h++)if(!(b&&h%2)){var g=f[h];if("aiinfo"!=g.id&&!g.classList.contains("bss_share_container")&&!g.classList.contains("tips")&&!g.classList.contains("references")){if(1==d){var k=g.getElementsByClassName("section_text");if(!k.length&&!b){a=null;break a}b||(g=k[k.length-1]);if("references_second"==g.id)continue;k=g.getBoundingClientRect();if(k.bottom>=screenTop&&k.bottom<=a)continue;e=g;break}if("intro"!=g.id){if(g.classList.contains("steps")&&!this.noStepsAds){k=g.getElementsByClassName("steps_list_2");if(!k||!k[0])continue;g=a;k=k[0].childNodes;for(var l=null,m=0;m<k.length;m++){var p=k[m];if("LI"==p.nodeName){var n=p.getBoundingClientRect();if(P(n,g,!1,this)&&!(n.bottom>=screenTop&&n.bottom<=g)){l=p;break}}}g=l;if(!g)continue;e=g;break}if((k=g.getElementsByClassName("section_text"))&&k[0]||b)if(b||(g=k[0]),k=g.getBoundingClientRect(),P(k,a,!1,this))if(k.bottom >=screenTop&&k.bottom<=a)d=!0;else{e=g;break}}}}a=e}a&&(f="LI"==a.tagName,f&&1>this.maxSteps||!f&&1>this.maxNonSteps||(b=a.getElementsByTagName("INS"),0<b.length||(b=a.getElementsByClassName("wh_ad_active"),0<b.length||(0<a.getElementsByClassName("addTipElement").length&&a.classList.add("has_scrolltoad"),b=document.createElement("div"),e=document.createElement("div"),this.height&&(b.style.minHeight=this.height+"px"),e.id=this.adTargetId,b.className="wh_ad_inner wh_ad_active wh_ad_spacing",b.className+=" w_label al_grey scrollto_old",b.appendChild(e),a.appendChild(b),this.insertSlotValue=10<u?"0"+u:"00"+u,u++,this.element.id="scrollto_ad_"+u,f?this.maxSteps--:this.maxNonSteps--,Ca(this)))))}})}function qb(a){var c=document.getElementById("scrollto-promo"),b=c.getAttribute("data-promos"),d=JSON.parse(b);b=d.pop();c.setAttribute("data-promos",JSON.stringify(d));d=document.createElement("a");d.setAttribute("href",b.url);c=a.adTargetId+"_a";d.id=c;var e=document.createElement("img");e. setAttribute("loading","lazy");e.setAttribute("width",728);e.setAttribute("height",90);e.setAttribute("src",b.src);d.appendChild(e);e=document.getElementById(a.adTargetId);e.appendChild(d);e.style.width="728px";document.getElementById(a.adTargetId).appendChild(d);d=a.adElement.getAttribute("data-adexcludepage");WH.eventView("article_promo_house_scrollto_click_go_sc",{course_name:b.course_name,dest_url:b.url,ad_exclude:d},"#"+c,"click");a.adTargetId=a.element.id;a.slotRendered=!0}function V(a){a=parseInt(a);return 100<=a?a:10<=a?"0"+a:"00"+a}function Ca(a){"house"==a.service?qb(a):"dfp"==a.service?(a.slotRendered=!1,window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){a.adTargetId in q&&0==Da&&(WH.eventView("scrollto_target_already_defined"),console.log("scrollto_target_already_defined"),Da=!0);h("insertScrollToAd defineSlot new ad slot",a.adunitpath,a.sizesArray,a.adTargetId);q[a.adTargetId]=window.googletag.defineSlot(a.adunitpath,a.sizesArray,a.adTargetId);q[a.adTargetId].addService(window.googletag .pubads());q[a.adTargetId].clearTargeting();q[a.adTargetId].setTargeting("slot",V(a.insertSlotValue));window.googletag.display(a.adTargetId);a.apsload&&(h("apsLoad called from insertScrollToAd"),O(a));a.pbload&&J(a);a.pbload||a.apsload||z(a)})):("aditude"==a.service?ia(a):"freestar"==a.service?ja(a):W(a),a.adTargetId=a.element.id,a.slotRendered=!0)}function P(a,c,b,d){var f=R;b&&(b=c,d instanceof Ba&&(b=2*c),f=0-b,c+=b);return a.top>=f&&a.top<=c||a.bottom>=f&&a.bottom<=c||a.top<=f&&a.bottom>=c||d.last&&a.top<=f?!0:!1}function Ea(a,c){if(!a.isLoaded&&0!=a.useScrollLoader){var b=a.element.getBoundingClientRect();P(b,c,!0,a)&&a.load()}}function rb(){for(var a=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,c=[],b=0;b<n.length;b++){var d=b;var e=n[b];var g=a;if(X)e=void 0;else{var h=e.adElement.getBoundingClientRect();if(P(h,g,!1,e))if(g=R+parseInt(e.height),h.bottom<g&&!e.last)"bottom"!=e.position&&(e.element.style.position="absolute",e.element.style.top="auto",e.element.style. bottom="0",e.position="bottom");else if(h.top<=R){"fixed"!=e.position&&(e.element.style.position="fixed",e.isFixed=!0,e.position="fixed");g=R;if(e.last){var k=window.scrollY+R+parseInt(e.height),l=document.documentElement.scrollHeight-ma;k>l&&(g-=k-l)}e.element.style.top=g+"px"}else"top"!=e.position&&(e.element.style.position="absolute",e.element.style.top="0",e.element.style.bottom="auto",e.position="top");else"fixed"==e.position&&(e.element.style.position="absolute",e.element.style.top="0",e.element.style.bottom="auto",e.position="top");e=h.height}c[d]=e}a=n;if(WH.shared.isLargeSize&&!(Fa||40<=Ga||"complete"!=document.readyState)){Ga++;b=0;if(d=document.getElementById("sidebar"))b=d.offsetHeight;d=0;if(e=document.getElementById("article"))d=e.offsetHeight;if(0<d&&0<b&&b>d){d=parseInt((b-d+10)/3);e=!1;for(b=0;b<a.length;b++){h=c[b]-d;if(600>h){e=!0;break}a[b].element.style.height=h+"px"}if(1==e){for(b=1;b<a.length;b++)c=a[b].element,c.parentElement.removeChild(c);a.length=1}Fa=!0}}} function na(){for(var a=!0,c=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,b=0;b<n.length;b++){var d=n[b];d.isLoaded||(a=!1,Ea(d,c))}for(b in w)d=w[b],d.isLoaded||(a=!1,Ea(d,c));a&&(window.removeEventListener("scroll",Y),Y=null)}function sb(){m.updateVisibility()}function tb(a){(new IntersectionObserver(function(a,b){a.forEach(function(a){a.isIntersecting&&loadGPT()})},{rootMargin:"0px 0px "+(5*Z+40)+"px 0px"})).observe(a)}function Ha(a){(a||!WH.shared.isSmallSize)&&"IntersectionObserver"in window&&!F&&(h("setting up scrollto observer with root loading margin",oa),F=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,b){a.forEach(function(a){Ia(a.target,a.isIntersecting)})},{rootMargin:oa}),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){Ja()},!1))}function Ja(){if(1!=Ka&&m&&!m.disabled){for(var a=document.getElementsByClassName("scrolltomarker"),c=0;c<a.length;c++)F.observe(a[c]);Ka=!0}}function ub(a){var c=document.createElement("ul");c.id="debug_ul";for(var b=0;b<a.length;b++){ var d=document.createElement("li");d.appendChild(document.createTextNode(a[b]));c.appendChild(d)}return c}function vb(){xa()&&document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){var a=[],c="current bucket: "+window.WH.bucket;a.push(c);c="VI cookie found"+!E;a.push(c);c=("; "+document.cookie).split("; vr=");var b="";2==c.length&&(b=c.pop().split(";").shift());a.push("vr cookie val: "+b);c="google fc domain: "+window.fcdomain;a.push(c);c="googlefc active: "+B;a.push(c);"true"==window.isCoppa&&a.push("COPPA page with no prebid: true");L()&&a.push("has ccpa opt out cookie: true");window.activeAdTests&&0!=window.activeAdTests.length||a.push("no active ad test on page");for(var d in window.activeAdTests)"iab3"!=d&&"apsSignals"!=d&&"amazonSignalsSiteKeywords"!=d&&(c="active ad test: "+d,a.push(c));if(d=document.getElementById("article_courses_banner"))d.style.display="none";if(d=document.getElementById("footer"))c=document.createElement("div"),c.id="debug_hover",c.appendChild(ub(a)),d. parentNode.insertBefore(c,d)})}function wb(){if(B){var a=0<=document.cookie.indexOf("gfc_responded=1")?!0:!1;if(a)h("userHasRespondedGFC true will not load gfc font");else{h("inserting googlefc font");a=document.createElement("link");a.rel="preload";a.as="image";a.href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/0v0wDniiKjE2_FsBjp66cm35Ka6b4NAVEGnGwbB8rq3boU6ejHODVS9wMTK7CUf9F5hrvDXqnsY3IPOPPuLUC-Up8VIFZbk9p8qpI23w2TxVdPTKmqo=h60";var c=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];c.parentNode.insertBefore(a,c);var b=document.createElement("link");a.rel="stylesheet";b.href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Material+Icons|Open+Sans:400,600,700&display=swap";c.parentNode.insertBefore(b,c)}}}function xb(){document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){var a=document.getElementById("content_inner");if(a){var c=document.getElementById("sidebar");c&&(100<c.offsetHeight-a.offsetHeight?(La(c,a,100),aa(c,a),window.addEventListener("load",function(b){La(c,a,100);aa(c,a)})):window. addEventListener("load",function(b){aa(c,a)}),window.addEventListener("load",function(b){if(X&&"ResizeObserver"in window){b=new ResizeObserver(function(b){aa(c,a)});document.scrollingElement&&b.observe(document.scrollingElement);var f=document.getElementById("mw-mf-page-center");f&&b.observe(f)}}))}},!1)}function La(a,c,b){if(a&&c){var f=a.lastChild;f.classList.contains("wh_ad_inner")&&(f.style.height="600px");if(!f.classList.contains("sample_ads")){for(var e=0,d=c.offsetHeight,g=a.offsetHeight;g-d>b&&f;)d=f.previousSibling,0<f.offsetHeight&&(a.removeChild(f),e++),f=d,f.classList.contains("wh_ad_inner")&&(f.style.height="600px"),d=c.offsetHeight,g=a.offsetHeight;h("removed",e,"elements from sidebar")}}}function aa(a,c){for(var b=null,d=$jscomp.makeIterator(a.children),e=d.next();!e.done;e=d.next())e=e.value,"SCRIPT"!=e.tagName&&(b=e.classList.contains("wh_ad_inner")||e.classList.contains("wh_ad_inner")?e:null);b&&(d=b.offsetHeight,a=d+(c.offsetHeight-a.offsetHeight-10),0<a&&a!=d&&(h( "setting height of last RR ad from",d,"to",a),b.style.height=a+"px"))}function ob(){0==Ma&&(h("setting googletag npaEnabled"),window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[],googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({nonPersonalizedAds:!0})}),Ma=!0);0==Na&&(h("setting adsense requestNonPersonalizedAds"),(window.adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).requestNonPersonalizedAds=1,Na=!0)}function pa(a){if("intro_ad_1"==a&&B){var c=document.getElementById(a);WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(c.style.height="100px")}if(1==(Oa()?0==ba?!0:!1:!1))h("not refreshing ads due to waiting for consent ",a),S.push(a);else if(c=document.getElementById(a))if(1==c.parentElement.getAttribute("data-affiliatecheck"))c.parentElement.setAttribute("data-affiliatecheck",0),c.parentElement.classList.remove("w_label"),c.classList.remove("w_label"),qa.push(a);else{var b=null;b="scrollto"==c.parentElement.getAttribute("data-type")?new pb(c):new Ba(c);if( "quizpage_top_ad_1"==a){a=document.getElementById("quizpage_top_ad_1").parentNode;var d=document.getElementById("breadcrumb").parentNode;a&&d&&d.parentNode.insertBefore(a,d)}a=null==G?!1:!0;var e=!1;b.disabled||((U=1==b.adElement.getAttribute("data-prebidtimeouttest"))&&h("prebid timeout test active"),WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&b.pbload&&"dfp"==b.service&&A(),"rightrail"==b.type?(b.last=!0,0<n.length&&(n[n.length-1].last=!1),n.push(b),a&&b.observerLoading&&0==b.instantLoad&&(e=!0,b.useScrollLoader=!1)):"rightrail_second"==b.type?yb.push(b):"toc"==b.type?(H=b,b.adElement.style.display="none"):"scrollto"==b.type?(m=b,b.scrolltoNewLoad||(Q=WH.shared.throttle(sb,100),window.addEventListener("scroll",Q))):"quiz"==b.type?(M[b.adElement.parentElement.id]=b,b.adElement.parentElement.addEventListener("change",function(a){a=this.id;M[a]&&(b.adElement.classList.remove("hidden"),M[a].load())})):(w[b.element.id]=b,a&&b.observerLoading&&0==b.instantLoad&&(e=!0,b.useScrollLoader=!1)),"dfp"==b. service?(c.parentElement.classList.add("gam"),Pa&&(Pa=!1,tb(b.element)),"scrollto"!=b.type&&b.dfpdisplaylate?window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){b.slotDefined=!1;b.instantLoad&&(h("will do instant load"),b.load());1==e&&("lgm_outvd"==b.type||"sma_outvd"==b.type?ra.observe(b.element):G.observe(b.element))}):"scrollto"!=b.type&&window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.googletag.display(b.adTargetId)})):1==e&&G.observe(b.element),b.pbload&&"dfp"==b.service&&window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){I()}))}}function Qa(a){var b=w[a.id];if(b){if(WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&"scheduler"in window){a=b.load.bind(b);scheduler.postTask(a,{priority:"background"});return}b.load()}for(var f=!1,d=null,e=0;e<n.length;e+=1)b=n[e],b.element==a&&(d=b),1==b.isDFPLoading&&(f=!0);null!=d&&(0==f?d.load():Ra.push(d))}function Ia(a,b){b?y!=a&&1!=m.isLoadingAd&&(y=a,m.newScrollToTimer=setTimeout(function(){y!=a||m.loadedElements.includes(a)||(m.loadedElements.push(a),m.isLoadingAd=!0,m.loadScrolltoNew(),m. isLoadingAd=!1)},Sa)):y==a&&(y=null)}function Ta(a){a=performance.now();var b=a-sa;0==sa&&(h("first quiz refresh"),b=1E6);1E4>=b?h("last quiz refresh was",Math.floor(b/1E3),"seconds ago. will not refresh"):(1E6!=b&&h("last quiz refresh was",Math.floor(b/1E3),"seconds ago"),WH.shared.isTest("quizRefreshTimeLimit")&&(sa=a),setTimeout(function(){for(var a=["quizpage_top_ad_1","quizpage_after_intro_ad_1"],b=0;b<a.length;b++){var c=w[a[b]];c&&c.refreshQuizAd()}if(a=n[0])WH.shared.isTest("quizRefreshTimeLimit")?(b=performance.now()-a.lastRefreshTime,1E4<b&&2E4>b?(h("last RR refresh was",Math.floor(b/1E3),"seconds ago. will refresh"),a.refreshQuizAd()):h("last RR refresh was",Math.floor(b/1E3),"seconds ago. will not refresh")):a.refreshQuizAd();Ua=!1},100))}function Va(a,b,f){var c=[];Array.isArray(b)||(b=[b]);for(var d=0;d<=b.length-1;d++){var g=b[d];"fluid"!=g&&c.push(g)}return{code:a,mediaTypes:{banner:{sizes:c}},bids:f}}function ta(a,b){var c="";switch(a){case"ix":c={bidder:"ix",params:{ siteId:b}};break;case"appnexus":c={bidder:"appnexus",params:{placementId:b}};break;case"rubicon":c={bidder:"rubicon",params:{accountId:"15274",zoneId:b,siteId:"333816"}};break;case"shemedia":c={bidder:"shemedia",params:{accountId:"10278",zoneId:b,siteId:"210096"}};break;case"yieldmo":c={bidder:"yieldmo",params:{placementId:b}};break;case"sharethrough":c={bidder:"sharethrough",params:{pkey:b}};break;case"yahooAds":c={bidder:"yahooAds",params:{dcn:"8a96954f01747430358b3651f057032b",pos:b}};break;case"medianet":c={bidder:"medianet",params:{cid:"8CU991R7P",crid:b}};break;case"rise":c={bidder:"rise",params:{org:"63863e3bbedf0400012408e9",placementId:b}};break;case"pubmatic":c={bidder:"pubmatic",params:{publisherId:"159508",adSlot:b}};break;case"amx":c={bidder:"amx",params:{tagId:b}};break;case"openx":c={bidder:"openx",params:{delDomain:"wikihow-d.openx.net",unit:b}};break;case"grid":c={bidder:"grid",params:{uid:b}};break;case"triplelift":c={bidder:"triplelift",params:{inventoryCode:b}}} return c}function nb(a,b,d,g){var c=[];if(!Wa.includes(a)){Wa.push(a);if(ua[g]){c=JSON.parse(ua[g]);for(var f=0;f<c.length;f++)c[f].code=a}else{b=JSON.parse(b);if(!b)return[];for(var h in b){f=a;var k=h;var r=b[h],l=d,m=[],n=JSON.stringify(l);if(Array.isArray(r))for(l=0;l<r.length;l++){var q=r[l][1];if(!WH.shared.isTest("rightrailDoubleAds")||n.includes(JSON.stringify(q))){var t=ta(k,r[l][0]);t=Va(f,q,[t]);m.push(t)}}else t=ta(k,r,l),t=Va(f,l,[t]),m.push(t);if(k=m)for(f=0;f<k.length;f++)c.push(k[f])}!WH.shared.isTest("rightrailDoubleAds")||"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2"!=g&&"/10095428/intl/intl_gam_lgm_rght2"!=g||(ua[g]=JSON.stringify(c))}p(c)}}function Xa(){h("addPausedBodyAds",S);for(var a=0;a<S.length;a++)pa(S[a]);S=[];Ja()}function Oa(){if(B)return!0;ba=!0;return!1}function fa(){var a="other";null!==document.querySelector(".thingsyoushouldknow.before_steps_section")?a="tysk":1==window.whadconfig.answerbox&&(a="answerbox");return a}function ha(a){if("quiz"!=window.whadconfig. gamconfig.pagetype||!a)return null;var b=a.slice(9,-5);"rightrail0_ad_1"==a&&(b="rightrail");var d="";if("undefined"==typeof WH.QuizArticles||"start"==WH.QuizArticles.state)d="start";else if("results"==WH.QuizArticles.state)d="results";else{var g=document.getElementById("quiz_slide");g&&(d=parseInt(g.dataset.slide));0==Ua&&(d+=1)}b=b+"-"+d;h("getQuizPositionTargetingValue",a,b);return b}var n=[],yb=[],Ra=[],q=[],S=[],Ya=!1,ca=!1,ba=!1,qa=[],Pa=!0,N=null,Fa=!1,Ga=0,v=1,U=!1,M={},Ua=!0,m=null,y=null,u=1,Da=!1,H,w={},Y=null,Q=null,F=null,Za=null,R=WH.shared.TOP_MENU_HEIGHT,ma=114,Z=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,G=null,$a=2*Z,ra=null,zb=Z,Ma=!1,Na=!1,Wa=[],ua={},sa=0;"object"==typeof WH&&(WH.isTest=WH.shared.isTest);var x=window.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),jb=/(trill_|musical_ly_)[\d\.]+/.test(x);window.restrictDataProcessing=!1;L()&&(window.restrictDataProcessing=!0);var C=!1,E=!1;(function(){var a=("; "+document.cookie).split("; vi="),b=null;2==a.length &&(b=a.pop().split(";").shift());a=window.location.href;-1==a.indexOf("?EUtest=1")&&-1==a.indexOf("&EUtest=1")||(b="EU");if("EU"==b)return!0;null==b&&("function"==typeof WH.eventView&&WH.eventView("visitor_no_vi_cookie"),E=!0);return!1})()&&(C=!0);var B=!1;window.fcdomain&&C&&(B=!0);WH.shared.isSmallSize&&window.dfpSmall&&($a=5*Z);var Ab="0px 0px "+$a+"px 0px",Bb="0px 0px "+zb+"px 0px",oa="-104% 0px 950px 0px",Sa=1700,X=!1;window.CSS&&window.CSS.supports&&window.CSS.supports("position","sticky")&&(X=!0);var ka=!1;-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("empty=1")&&(ka=!0);window.googletag=window.googletag||{};window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[];var wa={buckets:[{precision:2,max:3,increment:.01},{precision:2,max:8,increment:.05},{precision:2,max:20,increment:.5},{precision:2,max:45,increment:1}]},T=[],ab=document.getElementById("adDataConfig"),D=null;null!=ab&&(D=JSON.parse(ab.innerHTML))&&(D.scrolltoRootLoadingMargin&&(h("configData.scrolltoRootLoadingMargin",D. scrolltoRootLoadingMargin),oa=D.scrolltoRootLoadingMargin),D.scrolltoLoadingCheck&&(h("configData.scrolltoLoadingCheck",D.scrolltoLoadingCheck),Sa=D.scrolltoLoadingCheck));window.pbjs=window.pbjs||{};window.pbjs.que=window.pbjs.que||[];window.pbjsrequested=!1;window.pbjsloaded=!1;WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&window.pbjs.que.push(function(){window.pbjs.onEvent("addAdUnits",function(){h("prebid ad units were added",pbjs.adUnits)});window.pbjs.onEvent("beforeRequestBids",k);window.pbjs.onEvent("bidWon",function(a){h(a.bidderCode+" attempt won the ad server auction for ad unit "+a.adUnitCode+" at "+a.cpm+" CPM")})});window.googletag&&(window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotOnload",function(a){a=a.slot.getSlotId().getAdUnitPath();h("GPT lazyload slotOnload:",a)});window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRequested",function(a){a=a.slot;var b=a.getSlotId().getDomId(),d=a.getSlotId().getAdUnitPath();h("GPT slotRequested:",b,d,a. getTargetingMap());h("GPT lazyload slotRequested:",d)})}),window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotResponseReceived",function(a){a=a.slot;var b=a.getSlotId().getDomId(),d=a.getSlotId().getAdUnitPath(),g=a.getResponseInformation(),e=null,k=null;g?(e=g.campaignId,k=g.lineItemId):h("GPT slotResponseReceived: no response information received for request",b);2622783038==e?h("GPT slotResponseReceived: aps won",b,d,"campaign:",e,"lineItem:",k,"queryId:",a.getEscapedQemQueryId()):2709340992==e?h("GPT slotResponseReceived: prebid won",b,d,"campaign:",e,"lineItem:",k,"queryId:",a.getEscapedQemQueryId()):h("GPT slotResponseReceived",b,d,"response info",g,"queryId:",a.getEscapedQemQueryId());K()&&m&&d==m.adunitpath&&(h("GPT slotResponseReceived done updating scrollto adTargetId from/to",m.adTargetId,m.element.id),m.adTargetId=m.element.id)})}));"IntersectionObserver"in window&&(G=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,b){a.forEach(function(a){a. isIntersecting&&(Qa(a.target),G.unobserve(a.target))})},{rootMargin:Ab}),ra=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,b){a.forEach(function(a){a.isIntersecting&&(Qa(a.target),ra.unobserve(a.target))})},{rootMargin:Bb}));WH.isMobile&&(ma=314);WH.shared.isLargeSize&&WH.shared.isTest("aditude")&&"quiz"==window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype&&window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",function(a){(a=a.slot)&&"rightrail0_ad_1"==a.getSlotId().getDomId()&&n&&(a=n[0],a.lastRefreshTime=performance.now(),h("setting last refresh time on rr ad to",Math.floor(a.lastRefreshTime/1E3),"seconds"))})});var Ka=!1,la=function(){var a="",b=/safari/.test(x);b&&(a="safari");var d=/chrome/.test(x);d&&b&&(a="chrome");(d=/crios/.test(x))&&b&&(a="chrome");(b=/firefox/.test(x))&&(a="firefox");(b=/fxios/.test(x))&&(a="firefox");if(a){b="intl";"en"==window.WH.pageLang&&(b="en");d="desktop";WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(d="mobile");var g="",e=("; "+document.cookie).split( "; vr=");2==e.length&&(e=e.pop().split(";").shift(),1<e.length&&(g=e.substring(0,2)));if("US"!=g)return{};g={chrome:{mobile:{en:{intro:3831013383,step2:2761689897},intl:{intro:4981525093,step2:2952142028}},desktop:{en:{intro:3427263678,rightrail:1512187404},intl:{intro:7301847935,rightrail:7547112715}}},firefox:{mobile:{en:{intro:6026147487,step2:2909029558},intl:{intro:4819757463,step2:8189238406}},desktop:{en:{intro:2422175900,rightrail:6764514081},intl:{intro:3707337418,rightrail:4628185779}}},safari:{mobile:{en:{intro:1042280081,step2:8891768372},intl:{intro:1453381617,step2:8537626724}},desktop:{en:{intro:7366508688,rightrail:2323572165},intl:{intro:9708519428,rightrail:6103035071}}}};e={};a in g&&d in g[a]&&b in g[a][d]&&(e=g[a][d][b]);return e}}();if(window.location.href&&window.location.href.indexOf(!0)){var bb=(new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)).get("setvr");if(bb){var va=new Date;va.setTime(va.getTime()+31536E6);var Cb="; expires="+va.toGMTString();document.cookie= "vr="+bb+Cb+"; path=/"}}Oa()?(Ya=!0,ca=!1,window.googlefc=window.googlefc||{},window.googlefc.callbackQueue=window.googlefc.callbackQueue||[],h("googlefc queue __tcfapi call"),window.googlefc.callbackQueue.push({CONSENT_API_READY:function(){return __tcfapi("addEventListener",2,function(a,b){h("tcData",a,"listenerSuccess",b);WH.ads.searchAdsOk=!0;"useractioncomplete"===a.eventStatus||"tcloaded"===a.eventStatus?(ca=ba=!0,h("setUserHasRespondedGFC"),b=new Date,b.setTime(b.getTime()+2592E3),b.toGMTString(),document.cookie="gfc_responded=1; path=/",Xa(),__tcfapi("removeEventListener",2,a.listenerId)):0==a.gdprApplies&&(ba=!0,Xa())})}})):ca=!0;return{init:function(){"undefined"!=typeof WH.eventView&&1>100*Math.random()&&WH.eventView("bucket_1k",{bucket:WH.bucket});var a=(window.innerWidth||document.documentElement.clientWidth)>=WH.largeScreenMinWidth;G||(Y=WH.shared.throttle(na,100),window.addEventListener("scroll",Y));1!=a||X||(Za=WH.shared.throttle(rb,10),window.addEventListener("scroll", Za));a&&xb();document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){na()},!1);WH.shared&&WH.shared.addResizeFunction(na);wb();Ha(!1);vb()},addBodyAd:pa,addExtraRRElemement:function(a,b){document.getElementById(a);WH.eventView("rightrail_extra_sections_click",{section:b},"#"+a+" a","click")},loadTOCAd:function(a){if("string"===typeof a&&(a=a.slice(1),a=document.getElementById(a),H)){var b=$(a).next(".section").find(".steps_list_2 > li:first");$(a).hasClass("mw-headline")&&(b=$(a).parents(".section:first").find(".steps_list_2 > li:first"));b.length&&(b.append($(H.adElement)),H.load(),H.adElement.style.display="block",H=null)}},slotRendered:function(a,b,d){a=d.slot;var c=a.getSlotId().getDomId(),e=a.getSlotId().getAdUnitPath(),f=d.isEmpty;ka&&(f=!0);a.getResponseInformation();xa()&&1==f&&(h("GPT slotRenderedEnded: ad is empty:",c,e,a.getTargetingMap()),a&&(e=a.getTargetingMap().hb_pb,"undefined"!=typeof e&&"undefined"!=typeof e[0]&&(e=e[0],a=a.getTargetingMap().hb_adid,a=a[0],h( "GPT slotRenderedEnded: ad is empty hb_pb:",e,"hb_adid",a))));1!=f||"mp_rr_ad"!=c&&"outstreamVid"!=c&&"outstreamVidSmall"!=c&&"gamOutstreamVidSmall_ad_1"!=c||(c=document.getElementById(c),a=window.location.href,c&&a&&0>a.indexOf("showemptyads=1")&&(WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(a=c.parentElement.nextSibling.nextSibling.nextSibling)&&"al_method"==a.className&&(a.parentElement.removeChild(a),h("removing ad label for empty video ad")),h("GPT slotRenderedEnded: removing empty video ad:",c),c.parentElement.parentElement.removeChild(c.parentElement)));if(d=eb(d)){if(d.logData)a:if(c=d.adunitpath){if(!Number.isInteger(c)){c=c.split("/");if(!c||0==c.length)break a;c=c[c.length-1]}a=new XMLHttpRequest;h("adData log",WH.bucket,c);a.open("GET","/Special:AdEventEndpoint?bucket="+WH.bucket+"&name="+c+"&empty="+f,!0);a.send(null)}d.pbTargetingAdded=!1;d.apsDisplayBidsCalled=!1;d.slotRendered=!0;d.isDFPLoading=!1;"scrollto"==d.type&&(d.adTargetId=d.element.id);"rightrail"==d.type&&(d.height=d.element. offsetHeight,d.element.classList.remove("blockthrough"),d.extraChild&&b&&300>parseInt(b[1])?d.extraChild.style.visibility="visible":d.extraChild&&(d.extraChild.style.visibility="hidden"),(b=Ra.shift())&&b.load())}},impressionViewable:function(a){h("impressionViewable:",a.getSlotId().getDomId(),a.getSlotId().getAdUnitPath());for(var b,d=0;d<n.length;d++){var g=n[d];q[g.adTargetId]==a&&(b=g)}b&&(b.height=b.element.offsetHeight,b.refreshable&&b.viewablerefresh&&!b.timeoutId&&(b.lastRefreshTime=performance.now(),b.timeoutId=setTimeout(function(){b.refresh()},b.getRefreshTime())))},loadAdSpacing:function(){for(var a in w){var b=w[a];b&&b.element&&b.height&&(b.element.style.height=b.height+"px")}},gdprAccepted:function(){for(var a=0;a<n.length;a++){var b=n[a];0==a&&b.load()}for(a in w)b=w[a],b.instantLoad&&b.load()},promoLoadEvent:function(a,b,d){},setCustomBottomMarginHeight:function(a){ma=parseInt(a)},addHPRR:function(a){},setSampleTitle:function(a){if(WH.shared.isSmallSize){a=document. getElementById("section_0");var b=document.getElementById("docviewer_sample_ad");a&&b&&a.before(b)}},noAffiliatePlacements:function(){for(var a in qa){var b=qa[a];pa(b);"rightrail0_ad_1"==b&&(b=document.getElementById(b))&&b.classList.add("w_label")}if(m)for(a='<div class="scrolltomarker before"></div>',$(a).appendTo("#quiz_small_affiliate_placeholder"),$(a).insertBefore(".youmightalsolike"),a='<div class="scrolltomarker during after"></div>',$("#quiz_top_wrap").append(a),$('<div class="scrolltomarker during after"></div>').insertBefore("#newsletter_block_main"),F=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,b){a.forEach(function(a){Ia(a.target,a.isIntersecting)})},{rootMargin:"0px 0px 0px 0px"}),Ha(!0),b=document.getElementsByClassName("scrolltomarker"),a=0;a<b.length;a++)F.observe(b[a])},refreshQuizAds:Ta,removeLRStorage:function(){document.cookie="_lr_sampling_rate=; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;";document.cookie="_lr_geo_location_state=; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;"; document.cookie="_lr_geo_location=; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;";document.cookie="_lr_env=; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;"},searchAdsOk:ca,tcConsent:Ya,getPrebidAdUnitBid:ta,startQuizClicked:function(){setTimeout(function(){var a=document.getElementById("quizpage_top_ad_1");if(a){a=a.parentElement;var b=document.getElementById("quiz_top_wrap");b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b);Ta()}else!WH.shared.isLargeSize||1>n.length||(a=n[0],a.actionrefresh&&(a.adElement.style.height="600px",a.refresh()))},100)}}}();WH.ads.init();</script><div id="content_inner"><script>if (typeof mw != 'undefined') { mw.mobileFrontend.emit( 'header-loaded' ); }</script><div class="pre-content"><ul id="breadcrumb" class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Category breadcrumbs"><li><a href="/Special:CategoryListing" title="Special:CategoryListing">Categories</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Computers-and-Electronics" title="Category:Computers and Electronics">Computers and Electronics</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Internet" title="Category:Internet">Internet</a></li></ul><h1 id="section_0" class="title_sm"><a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine">How to Browse and Archive Websites with the Wayback Machine</a></h1></div><div id="bodyContent" class="content"><script>window.WH=window.WH||{};window.WH.c=function(){function C(){var a=D().split("x")[0];return"undefined"!=typeof g.largeScreenMinWidth&&a&&parseInt(a,10)<g.largeScreenMinWidth?1:0}function p(){var a=E;if(h){var b=+new Date-h;0<b&&(a+=b)}return a}function F(a){if("undefined"!==typeof a&&"undefined"!==typeof a.target&&"undefined"!==typeof a.target.getAttribute&&(a=a.target.getAttribute("id"),"undefined"!==typeof a&&0!==a.indexOf("whvid-player")))return;G||(G=!0,k&&6>=k||(a=q({d:x?C()?"vm":"vw":"pv",m:g.pageName+" btraw "+p()/1E3,b:"6"}),delete a.dl,r("exit",a,!0)))}function H(){h&&(E+=+new Date-h,h=!1)}function I(){h||(h=+new Date)}function J(){var a=document.querySelectorAll("#intro, .section.steps, #quick_summary_section");if(a){var b=1E6,e=0;Array.prototype.forEach.call(a,function(a){var c=a;for(var d=0;c;)d+=c.offsetTop-c.clientTop,c=c.offsetParent;c=d;a=a.offsetHeight||a.clientHeight;b=Math.min(c,b);e=Math.max(c+a,e)});n=b;y=e}}function U(){var a=!1;try{var b=Object.defineProperty({}, "passive",{get:function(){a=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,b);window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,b)}catch(e){}window.addEventListener("scroll",function(){f++;if(-1!=t){var a=+new Date-u;a>=t+250&&(t=a,J())}var b=p();a=b-K;K=b;if(!(0>=a)){var c=window.scrollY||window.pageYOffset;b=c+(window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight);if(!(c>y||b<n)){var d=y-n;if(!(0>=d))for(c=Math.floor(128*(1*c-n)/d),0>c&&(c=0),b=Math.ceil(128*(1*b-n)/d),127<b&&(b=127),d=c;d<=b;)"undefined"===typeof v[d]&&(v[d]=0),v[d]+=a,d++}}});window.addEventListener("resize",function(){f++});window.addEventListener("click",function(){f++});b=a?{passive:!0}:!1;window.addEventListener("touchstart",function(){f++},b);window.addEventListener("touchend",function(){f++});window.addEventListener("touchcancel",function(){f++});window.addEventListener("touchmove",function(){f++},b);document.addEventListener("keydown",function(){f++});document.addEventListener("keyup",function(){f++}); document.addEventListener("keypress",function(){f++});setInterval(function(){t=-1;J();0<f&&(L++,f=0);var a=p();a>M&&(M=a,N<z&&N++)},3E3)}function r(a,b,e){var f="",c=!0,d;for(d in b)b.hasOwnProperty(d)&&(f+=(c?"":"&")+d+"="+encodeURIComponent(b[d]),c=!1);a=(O?"/x/collect.php":"/x/collect")+"?t="+a+"&"+f;e&&"function"===typeof navigator.sendBeacon?navigator.sendBeacon(a,""):(b=new XMLHttpRequest,b.open("GET",a,!e),b.send())}function P(){function a(){var a={ti:w[l].t};if(0===l){a:{try{var b=window.navigator,c=document,d=window.screen;a=Q(a,{de:c&&(c.characterSet||c.charset),ul:(b&&(b.language||b.browserLanguage)||"").toLowerCase(),sd:d&&d.colorDepth+"-bit",sr:d&&d.width+"x"+d.height,vp:D(),pr:"undefined"!=typeof window.devicePixelRatio?window.devicePixelRatio:0});var f=q(a);break a}catch(X){}f={}}r("first",f,!1)}else r("later",q(a),!1);l++;l<w.length&&P()}var b=+new Date;l<w.length&&(b=u+1E3*w[l].t-b,0>=b?a():setTimeout(a,b))}function Q(a,b){for(var e in b)b.hasOwnProperty(e)&& "undefined"==typeof a[e]&&(a[e]=b[e]);return a}function D(){var a=document,b=a.documentElement,e=a.body,f=e&&e.clientWidth&&e.clientHeight,c=[];b&&b.clientWidth&&b.clientHeight&&("CSS1Compat"===a.compatMode||!f)?c=[b.clientWidth,b.clientHeight]:f&&(c=[e.clientWidth,e.clientHeight]);return b=0>=c[0]||0>=c[1]?"":c.join("x")}function q(a){var b=V();250>b&&(b=1500);var e={gg:x,to:Math.round((+new Date-u)/1E3),ac:Math.round(p()/1E3),pg:g.pageID,ns:g.pageNamespace,ra:R,cv:W,cl:S,cm:C(),dl:location.href,b:"6"};e=Q(a,e);0===g.pageNamespace&&(A=b/1500*180,z=A/3,a=Math.round(100*L/z),0>a&&(a=0),100<a&&(a=100),e.a1=Math.round(a));return e}function V(){var a=document.querySelectorAll("#intro, .section.steps, #quick_summary_section");if(!a)return 0;var b=0;Array.prototype.forEach.call(a,function(a){a=a.textContent.split(/\s/).filter(function(a){return""!==a}).length;b+=a});return b}var g=window.WH,W=g.stuCount,S=g.pageLang,O=!!location.href.match(/\.wikidogs\.com/),m=location.href.match( /\.wikihow(-fun)?\.[a-z]+\//)&&"en"==S||O,u=!1,h=!1,E=0,x=0,G=!1,R,k=!1,l=0,A=180,z=A/3,N=0,L=0,f=0,M=0,v=[],t=0,n=0,y=0,K=0,T=null,B=[],w=[{t:1},{t:9},{t:10},{t:12},{t:175},{t:180},{t:185},{t:300},{t:600},{t:900},{t:1200},{t:1500},{t:1800},{t:2100},{t:2400}];return{start:function(){if("undefined"==typeof window.WH.a||!window.WH.a){window.WH.a=!0;var a=navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE (\d+)/);a&&(k=a[1]);a="";for(var b=0;12>b;b++)a+="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789".charAt(Math.floor(36*Math.random()));R=a;x=("string"===typeof document.referrer?document.referrer:"").match(/^[a-z]*:\/\/[^\/]*google/i)?1:0;h=u="number"==typeof g.timeStart&&0<g.timeStart?g.timeStart:+new Date;"visibilityState"in document&&"hidden"==document.visibilityState&&(h=!1);m&&P();k&&7<=k&&9>=k?(document.onfocusin=I,document.onfocusout=H):(window.onfocus=I,window.onblur=H);m&&(window.onunload=F,window.onbeforeunload=F);(m||m)&&U()}},ping:function(a){(m||m)&&r("event",q(a),!1)},registerDebug:function(a){if( "function"!=typeof a)console.log("registerDebug: must be a function");else{T=a;for(a=0;a<B.length;a++)T(B[a]);B=[]}}}}();window.WH.c.start();(function(){'use strict';window.WH=window.WH||{};window.WH.performance={};window.WH.performance.mark=function(name){if(typeof performance!=='undefined'&&typeof performance.mark==='function'){return performance.mark(name);}};window.WH.performance.clearMarks=function(name){if(typeof performance!=='undefined'&&typeof performance.clearMarks==='function'){return performance.clearMarks(name);}};}());</script> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-parser-output"> <div id="intro" class="section hasad"> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled no_align " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> <div class="subtitle">The ultimate guide to viewing old versions of websites</div> <div id="coauthor_byline" class="article_byline "> <div id="byline_info"> <span class=""> <b>Written by</b> <a href="/Author/Travis-Boylls" class="coauthor_link ">Travis Boylls</a> </span> <p id="coauthor_byline_p"> <a href="#" class="byline_info_link hover_pop"> <span class="last_updated_highlighted">Last Updated: September 24, 2024</span> </a> <a href="#" class="eat_tag">Fact Checked</a> </p> </div> </div> <a class="small_pdf_link pdf_link disabled " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a><div id="inline_toc"> <div class="truncate_toc"> <div class="truncate_toc_inner"> <ul class="toc_ul"> <li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#Viewing-Archived-Websites">Viewing Archived Websites</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#Archiving-a-Website">Archiving a Website</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#Video">Video</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#qa_headline">Q&A</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#tips">Tips</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#warnings">Warnings</a></li> </ul> <button id="inline_toc_showmore" class="inline_toc_button initial"><span class="inline_toc_button_span">|</span><span class="showmore toc_toggle_text">Show more</span></button> <button id="inline_toc_showless" class="inline_toc_button initial"><span class="inline_toc_button_span">|</span><span class="showless toc_toggle_text">Show less</span></button> </div> </div> </div> <script>function setupInlineToc(){WH.eventView('article_section_inline_horizontal_TOC_click_go_vt');var inline_toc=document.getElementById("inline_toc");var toc_ul_all=inline_toc.getElementsByClassName('toc_ul');var toc_ul=toc_ul_all[0];height=inline_toc.scrollHeight;if(height<=60){return;}var showMoreButton=document.getElementById("inline_toc_showmore");showMoreButton.classList.remove('initial');var items=toc_ul.children;var length=items.length;for(var i=0;i<items.length;++i){var item=items[length-i-1];var height=inline_toc.scrollHeight;if(height>60){item.classList.add('overflow_item');var newHeight=inline_toc.scrollHeight;if(newHeight<=60){if(item.classList.contains('toc_li')){var prevItem=items[length-i-2];prevItem.classList.add('overflow_item');}break;}}}}inline_toc.addEventListener('click',function(e){if(e.target.classList.contains('showmore')){e.target.parentElement.classList.add('initial');var inline_toc=document.getElementById("inline_toc");inline_toc.classList.add('showall');var showLess=document.getElementById("inline_toc_showless");showLess.classList.remove('initial');}else if(e.target.classList.contains('showless')){e.target.parentElement.classList.add('initial');var inline_toc=document.getElementById("inline_toc");inline_toc.classList.remove('showall');var showMore=document.getElementById("inline_toc_showmore");showMore.classList.remove('initial');}else{var linkTitle=e.target.text;WH.event('article_section_inline_horizontal_TOC_click_go_vt',{location:linkTitle});}});if(WH.shared.isLargeSize||!WH.isINPTest){setupInlineToc();}</script> <div id="byline_hover" hidden> <div id="byline_hover_close">X</div> <div id="byline_hover_body"> <p> This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, <a href="/Author/Travis-Boylls">Travis Boylls</a>. Travis Boylls is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. Travis has experience writing technology-related articles, providing software customer service, and in graphic design. He specializes in Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, and Linux platforms. He studied graphic design at Pikes Peak Community College. <br><br> This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. <br><br> This article has been viewed 497,070 times. <br><br> <a href="/wikiHow:Delivering-a-Trustworthy-Experience" class="sp_learn_more_link">Learn more...</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Have you wondered what a website looked like in the past? Well, you can know! The Wayback Machine is an archival tool that contains a large collection of <a href="/Browse-an-Old-Version-of-a-Website" title="Browse an Old Version of a Website">archived sites from the past</a>. This wikiHow teaches you how to find archived versions of websites with the Wayback Machine and add websites to the archive for future use. </p> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey" data-service="adsense" data-instantload="1" data-slot="7672188889" data-width="728" data-height="120" data-smallslot="8943394577" data-smallheight="120" data-innerclass="full-width" data-full-width-intro="true" data-type="intro" data-small="1" data-medium="1" data-large="1" data-channels="9848412230,3614436449" data-largechannels="7020581953,2060152247,5763098696" data-mediumchannels="8142447154,4066873649" data-smallchannels="1761065154,8156154280" data-smallservice_eu="dfp" data-smalladunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_intro" data-smallsize="[[300, 100],[320,100]]" data-smallheight_eu="100" data-mediumservice_eu="dfp" data-mediumadunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_intro" data-mediumsize="[[300, 100],[320,100]]" data-service_eu="dfp" data-size="[[728, 90],[728, 120]]" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_intro" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-intro" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[[728, 90],[728, 120]]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":20261433,"pubmatic":"3224244","ix":"579269","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1849302","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"542288967","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_intro_728x90_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a9694c7017474db0327dc33df760300","yieldmo":"2581129714336735279","grid":393573,"medianet":"207085545","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_intro","sharethrough":"QziDJYElLkw7LFscfNzZmTfF"}' data-pbadunitssmall='{"appnexus":"30608495","pubmatic":"5347070","ix":"1024075","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995658","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676946","triplelift":"WikiHow_en_gam_sma_intro","yieldmo":"3337803366053912987","grid":403845,"medianet":"586446450","rise":"engl_gam_sma_intro","sharethrough":"7dKaGJpJca7Pli6AwNqi6hnz"}' data-pbadunitsmedium='{"appnexus":"30608495","pubmatic":"5347070","ix":"1024075","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995658","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676946","triplelift":"WikiHow_en_gam_sma_intro","yieldmo":"3337803366053912987","grid":403845,"medianet":"586446450","rise":"engl_gam_sma_intro","sharethrough":"7dKaGJpJca7Pli6AwNqi6hnz"}'><div id="intro_ad_1" class="full-width"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('intro_ad_1')</script><script>WH.performance.mark('intro_rendered');</script> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner" data-service="dfp" data-type="scrollto" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_all_scrol" data-size="[728, 90]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-maxsteps="6" data-maxnonsteps="3" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-large="1" data-medium="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-scrol" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[728, 90]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":19512208,"pubmatic":"2946818","ix":"531046","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753134","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"541138162","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_all_728x90_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365459b80331","yieldmo":"2508866731741487190","grid":168908,"medianet":"464704332","rise":"engl_gam_all_scrol","sharethrough":"YRwAUQ4n3r0xdDMH0TOrPfnH"}'><div id="scrollto_ad_1"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('scrollto_ad_1')</script><div class="section howtousethewaybackmachine before_steps_section sticky"> <div class="headline_container "><div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="How-to-Use-the-Wayback-Machine">How to Use the Wayback Machine</span> </h2></div></div> <div id="howtousethewaybackmachine" class="section_text"> <p>Go to archive.org and enter a URL into the "Wayback Machine" search bar. Select a year from the timeline, then click a date on the calendar to view a snapshot of the website from that date. </p> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> </div> <h2 class="section-heading hidden" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Steps">Steps</span> </h2> <div class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="section steps steps_first sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"><div>Method <span>1</span> </div> </div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Method 1 of 2:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Viewing-Archived-Websites">Viewing Archived Websites</span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled pdf_link_steps " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> </div> <div id="steps_1" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-00"> <a name="step_1_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 1 Go to https://web.archive.org..." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/8/8c/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg" data-firstimage="1" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="85bf2aa172d87a082c781538140e3b1a" onload="WH.performance.clearMarks('image1_rendered'); WH.performance.mark('image1_rendered');" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8c/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('85bf2aa172d87a082c781538140e3b1a')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 1 Go to https://web.archive.org..." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8c/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/8/8c/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg" data-firstimage="1" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="85bf2aa172d87a082c781538140e3b1a" onload="WH.performance.clearMarks('image1_rendered'); WH.performance.mark('image1_rendered');"></noscript> <script>WH.performance.clearMarks('image1_rendered'); WH.performance.mark('image1_rendered');</script><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Go to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org"><b class="whb">https://web.archive.org</b></a> in your web browser.</b> You can use the Wayback Machine to see older versions of websites on any computer, phone, or tablet. <script>WH.performance.mark('step1_rendered');</script> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-01"> <a name="step_1_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 2 Enter the website you want to view and press ↵ Enter." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/8/86/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="690f16b5daaf96715fd633f23775c512" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/86/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('690f16b5daaf96715fd633f23775c512')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 2 Enter the website you want to view and press ↵ Enter." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/86/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/8/86/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="690f16b5daaf96715fd633f23775c512"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Enter the website you want to view and press <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b class="whb"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 3px outset #F3F3F3; border-left-color: #DBDBDB; border-top-color: #DBDBDB; background-color: #F3F3F3; padding: 0px 2px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;"><span class="Unicode">↵</span> Enter</kbd></b></span>.</b> You can type the full URL into the field labeled "Enter a URL or words related to a site's homepage." <ul> <li>If you don't know the address of the website, type its name (or some keywords that describe it) into the field instead.</li> <li>Entering an address like <kbd style="background:#EEEEEE; letter-spacing:0.1em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.4em;">https://www.wikihow.com</kbd> will yield different results than entering <kbd style="background:#EEEEEE; letter-spacing:0.1em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.4em;">https://www.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine</kbd>.</li> <li>If you search for a name or keyword, you'll see a list of suggested sites to peruse. Click or tap the URL and then continue to the next step.</li> <li>Alternatively, you can click the <b>Web</b> tab at the top of the page and use the drop-down menu to search for archived websites or archive an existing website.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey" data-service="adsense" data-slot="4498472735" data-smallheight="250" data-small="1" data-type="step2" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-channels="3614436449" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="0" data-gptdisplaylate="1"><div id="step2_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('step2_ad_1')</script><div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-02"> <a name="step_1_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 3 Select a year on the bar graph." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/e/e6/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="fa8f06456cdaabce3b85533a4c38bff2" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e6/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('fa8f06456cdaabce3b85533a4c38bff2')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 3 Select a year on the bar graph." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e6/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/e/e6/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="fa8f06456cdaabce3b85533a4c38bff2"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e6\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/e\/e6\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Select a year on the bar graph.</b> By default, you'll be taken to the current year on the bar graph that runs along the top of the page. There are black bars that show how many times the Wayback Machine archived the page during that year. Click an area above a year to see a 12-month calendar showing each date in that year. </div> <div class="green_box mobile"><p><b>Note:</b> If there are no black bars on the year you want to view, no website snapshots were taken that year.</p></div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-03"> <a name="step_1_4" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 4 Click a date on the calendar." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/d/da/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="357a84bcf826747d1446ce415695e2cc" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/da/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('357a84bcf826747d1446ce415695e2cc')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 4 Click a date on the calendar." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/da/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/d/da/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="357a84bcf826747d1446ce415695e2cc"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">4</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Click a date on the calendar.</b> Depending on the site you search for, you'll usually see green and/or blue circles around some of the calendar dates. If a date is circled, a snapshot of the site is available from that date. Clicking the date displays the archived version of the website.<sup id="_ref-1" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 1"><a href="#_note-1">[1]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_1" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>If a website was archived multiple times on one day, the circle around the date will be a little larger. Hover your mouse cursor over the date to see the list of archive times, then select a time to view that version.</li> <li>If you see an error when you click a date or time, the site may be set up to ignore the Wayback Machine's web crawler. Errors can also mean that the website was unreachable at the time.</li> <li>Depending on how the site was archived, you may be able to click links on the page to see other archived content. Unfortunately, clicking links on an archived site will usually produce an error.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-04"> <a name="step_1_5" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 5 Browse other archived versions of the site." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/2/23/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="249a816815ed6aa967e375344e0109e6" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/23/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('249a816815ed6aa967e375344e0109e6')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 5 Browse other archived versions of the site." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/23/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/2/23/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="249a816815ed6aa967e375344e0109e6"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/23\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/23\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">5</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Browse other archived versions of the site.</b> The bar graph from the previous page runs along the top of the archived website. You can use it to check out the same site on other dates. Use the blue arrows to jump to the previous or next archived snapshot, or click a different date to view it. </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_early" data-size="[728, 90]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="2000" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-large="1" data-medium="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-type="method" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-early" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[728, 90]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":20261434,"pubmatic":"3224245","ix":"579271","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1849304","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"542288968","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_early_728x90_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a9690fd017474dafe8adc342f970052","yieldmo":"2581129714420621360","grid":168926,"medianet":"525411714","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_early","sharethrough":"gRRuNlH2aMjBmEgjkjw9vqwh"}'><div id="method_ad_1"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('method_ad_1')</script> </li> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod containerless_ad fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="7710650179" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-insertslotvalue="1" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111279,"pubmatic":"4926794","ix":"944751","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756126","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892622","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_meth0_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393567896410","grid":383057,"medianet":"521047606","rise":"engl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"xZq2HSiUJL1GRBHUi49ybeLd"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_1')</script> </ol> <p><br> </p> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"><div>Method <span>2</span> </div> </div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Method 2 of 2:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Archiving-a-Website">Archiving a Website</span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled pdf_link_steps " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> </div> <div id="steps_2" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-15"> <a name="step_2_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt="Step 1 Go to https://web.archive.org..." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/5/59/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="ef09258b69c08043212c1f1af20b9993" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/59/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('ef09258b69c08043212c1f1af20b9993')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 1 Go to https://web.archive.org..." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/59/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/5/59/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="ef09258b69c08043212c1f1af20b9993"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/59\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/5\/59\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Go to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org"><b class="whb">https://web.archive.org</b></a> in your web browser.</b> You can use a computer, phone, or tablet to tell the Wayback Machine to take a snapshot of a specific website. This feature is handy if you plan to use the site's current form as a citation in the future.<sup id="_ref-2" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 2"><a href="#_note-2">[2]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_2" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-16"> <a name="step_2_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:75%"> <img alt='Step 2 Type the URL of the site you want to save into the "Save Page Now" field.' decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/1/1e/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="04647f24b8df2a2cd50b693815c1bbb2" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1e/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('04647f24b8df2a2cd50b693815c1bbb2')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt='Step 2 Type the URL of the site you want to save into the "Save Page Now" field.' src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1e/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/1/1e/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="345" id="04647f24b8df2a2cd50b693815c1bbb2"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Type the URL of the site you want to save into the "Save Page Now" field.</b> It's in the bottom-right portion of the page. URL can be acquired by performing the following: <ul> <li>To get the full URL to the site you want to archive, visit that site in a web browser, and then <a href="/Copy-and-Paste" title="Copy and Paste">copy the address</a> from the address bar at the top of the screen.</li> <li>Alternatively, you can click the <b>Web</b> tab at the top of the page and use the drop-down menu to search for archived websites or archive an existing website.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="green_box mobile"><p><b>Tip:</b> Be specific when entering an address. The Wayback Machine only archives content on one page, not other linked pages. For example, to archive <i>this</i> page, you'd need to enter <kbd style="background:#EEEEEE; letter-spacing:0.1em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.4em;">https://www.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine</kbd>. If you were to use <kbd style="background:#EEEEEE; letter-spacing:0.1em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.4em;">https://www.wikihow.com</kbd>, you'd only be archiving wikiHow's front page.</p></div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li class="final_li" id="step-id-17"> <a name="step_2_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Image:Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:74.782608695652%"> <img alt="Step 3 Click the SAVE PAGE button." decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/5/57/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="344" id="ebd3290b76be3fc955b4b9869d0b2bc4" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/57/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('ebd3290b76be3fc955b4b9869d0b2bc4')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Step 3 Click the SAVE PAGE button." src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/57/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="/images/thumb/5/57/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="344" id="ebd3290b76be3fc955b4b9869d0b2bc4"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":344,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":545,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Click the <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b class="whb"><span class="nowrap" title="This is not a clickable button; it illustrates the button one should find." style="font-family: Segoe UI, Frutiger, Frutiger Linotype, Dejavu Sans, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;padding:0em .6em; border:1px solid; border-color:#AAA #555 #555 #AAA; -moz-border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; border-radius: 0px; background-color: #F2F2F2; background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #FCFCFC, #E0E0E0); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #FCFCFC, #E0E0E0); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #FCFCFC, #E0E0E0); background-image: linear-gradient(top, #FCFCFC, #E0E0E0);">SAVE PAGE</span></b></span> button.</b> It's the light gray button to the right of the text box. This displays the website and the text "Saving page now" at the top-left corner. That text will disappear once the site is saved.<sup id="_ref-3" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 3"><a href="#_note-3">[3]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_3" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul><li>The Wayback Machine cannot archive some websites due to their configuration. If you see an error, it's usually because the site's owner has chosen to ignore the Wayback Machine's web crawler.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod containerless_ad fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="7710650179" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-insertslotvalue="2" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111279,"pubmatic":"4926794","ix":"944751","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756126","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892622","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_meth0_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393567896410","grid":383057,"medianet":"521047606","rise":"engl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"xZq2HSiUJL1GRBHUi49ybeLd"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_2"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_2')</script> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <a name="Questions_and_Answers_sub" class="anchor" id="Questions_and_Answers_sub_anchor"></a> <div class="qa section sticky " data-few_contribs="1" data-search_enabled="0" data-aid="356597" data-answers-count="9" data-expert-answers-count="0" data-staff-answers-count="0" data-purchase-group="" data-purchase-type="" data-obscure-answers="0" data-obscure-answers-type="" data-purchase-obscured-cta-header="" data-purchase-obscured-cta-prompt="" data-obscured-answer-header="" data-obscured-answer-prompt="" data-obscured-answer-link="" data-purchase-obscured-answer-header="Support wikiHow by" data-purchase-obscured-answer-prompt="unlocking this expert answer." data-purchase-obscured-answer-link="#"> <div class="headline_container block_header"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"> <h2 class="qa_heading"> <span class="mw-headline" id="qa_headline"> Community Q&A </span> </h2> </div> </div> <div id="qa" class="section_text"> <div id="qa_answered_questions_container"> <div id="qa_aq_search_container"> <div id="qa_aq_search_heading" class="qa_section_heading">Search</div> <input class="qa_aq_search" placeholder="Type your query here"> </div> <a id="qa_add_curated_question">Add New Question</a> <ul id="qa_article_questions" class="qa_questions qa_aqs"> <li id="qa_question_0" class="qa_aq qa_block " data-aqid="146059" data-cqid="146076" data-caid="146932" data-sqid="343704" data-qa_inactive="0" data-votes_up="44" data-votes_down="12" data-verifier_id="0" data-submitter_id="0"> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="qa_li_container"> <div class="qa_question_tab">Question</div> <div class="qa_q_txt">I have tried logging into GoAnimate from November 2013, but it can't let me because it keeps saying "Unable to Sign in" because of robots text. What can I do?</div> <div class="qa_answers"> <div class="qa_user_area"> <div class="qa_user_hover hint_box"> </div> <div class="qa_person_circle"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar2.png.webp"></source> <img src="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar2.png" width="52" height="52" class="qa_person_circle-img" loading="lazy" alt="Community Answer"> </picture> </div> <div class="qa_answerer_info"> <div class="qa_user_name"></div> <div class="qa_user_label">Community Answer</div> </div> </div> <div class="qa_answer answer "> You can't sign in to websites on the Wayback Machine for the same reason you can't see behind a wall in a photograph by flipping the photograph over. What you are seeing is a reconstructed image of the front-facing architecture of the website, but the back-end containing user accounts cannot possibly be copied and archived. </div> <div class="qa_answer_footer"> <div class="wh_vote_container qa_vote_buttons"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg"> <span class="wh_thumb_helpful"><b>Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_unhelpful"><b>Thank you for your feedback.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_contribute"> If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Contribute" class="wh_thumbs_claim_gift wh_thumbs_contribute_button button"> Support wikiHow </a> </span> </span> <div class="qa_widget_vote_links"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box button secondary">Yes</a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box button secondary">No</a> </div> <div class="qa_widget_vote_buttons"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box">Not Helpful <span>12</span></a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box">Helpful <span>44</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="qa_question_1" class="qa_aq qa_block " data-aqid="527135" data-cqid="527152" data-caid="528008" data-sqid="1979963" data-qa_inactive="0" data-votes_up="12" data-votes_down="6" data-verifier_id="0" data-submitter_id="0"> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="qa_li_container"> <div class="qa_question_tab">Question</div> <div class="qa_q_txt">When I archive a YouTube link and try to view the capture, it says, "An error occurred. Please try again later." The video is still available on YouTube. Did I use the wrong link?</div> <div class="qa_answers"> <div class="qa_user_area"> <div class="qa_user_hover hint_box"> </div> <div class="qa_person_circle"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar2.png.webp"></source> <img src="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar2.png" width="52" height="52" class="qa_person_circle-img" loading="lazy" alt="Community Answer"> </picture> </div> <div class="qa_answerer_info"> <div class="qa_user_name"></div> <div class="qa_user_label">Community Answer</div> </div> </div> <div class="qa_answer answer "> When you save a page to the Wayback Machine, it saves the "face" of the web page, basically what you see when you visit a web page. It does not capture the internal workings of the site, so features like videos cannot be played. </div> <div class="qa_answer_footer"> <div class="wh_vote_container qa_vote_buttons"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg"> <span class="wh_thumb_helpful"><b>Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_unhelpful"><b>Thank you for your feedback.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_contribute"> If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Contribute" class="wh_thumbs_claim_gift wh_thumbs_contribute_button button"> Support wikiHow </a> </span> </span> <div class="qa_widget_vote_links"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box button secondary">Yes</a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box button secondary">No</a> </div> <div class="qa_widget_vote_buttons"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box">Not Helpful <span>6</span></a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box">Helpful <span>12</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="qa_question_2" class="qa_aq qa_block " data-aqid="460398" data-cqid="460415" data-caid="461271" data-sqid="2481475" data-qa_inactive="0" data-votes_up="12" data-votes_down="4" data-verifier_id="0" data-submitter_id="0"> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="qa_li_container"> <div class="qa_question_tab">Question</div> <div class="qa_q_txt">Sometimes I can't access some details on websites, what could be the problem?</div> <div class="qa_answers"> <div class="qa_user_area"> <div class="qa_user_hover hint_box"> </div> <div class="qa_person_circle"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/f/f2/CommunityAvatar3.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar3.png.webp"></source> <img src="/images/thumb/f/f2/CommunityAvatar3.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar3.png" width="52" height="52" class="qa_person_circle-img" loading="lazy" alt="Community Answer"> </picture> </div> <div class="qa_answerer_info"> <div class="qa_user_name"></div> <div class="qa_user_label">Community Answer</div> </div> </div> <div class="qa_answer answer "> Some things may not have been archived or cannot be archived, as such you cannot view certain parts of a website, (i.e. flash content, sign in screens, etc). </div> <div class="qa_answer_footer"> <div class="wh_vote_container qa_vote_buttons"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg"> <span class="wh_thumb_helpful"><b>Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_unhelpful"><b>Thank you for your feedback.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_contribute"> If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Contribute" class="wh_thumbs_claim_gift wh_thumbs_contribute_button button"> Support wikiHow </a> </span> </span> <div class="qa_widget_vote_links"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box button secondary">Yes</a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box button secondary">No</a> </div> <div class="qa_widget_vote_buttons"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box">Not Helpful <span>4</span></a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box">Helpful <span>12</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <a href="/Questions/Use-the-Internet-Archive's-Wayback-Machine#offset=3" id="qa_see_more_answered">See more answers</a> </div> <div class="qa_divider qa_no_unpatrolled_questions"></div> <div class="qa_divider "></div> <div class="qa_section_heading" id="qa_ask_heading">Ask a Question</div> <div id="qa_submitted_question_form"> <input id="qa_asked_question" type="text" maxlength="200" placeholder="What is your question?"> <div id="qa_asked_count">200 characters left</div> <input id="qa_email" type="text" placeholder="Email address (optional)"> <div id="qa_email_prompt">Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered.</div> <a id="qa_submit_button" class="button primary">Submit</a> </div> <div id="qa_flag_options" data-type=""> <div class="hint_box"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="qa_answer_flag_options" data-type=""> <div class="hint_box"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div>  <script id="qa_question_edit_form" type="text/x-handlebars-template"> <div class="qa_aq_edit_form"> <div class="qa_aq_edit_form_status"></div> <textarea class="qa_cq_text" spellcheck="true" placeholder="{{qa_edit_form_question_placeholder}}">{{qa_edit_form_question}}</textarea> <div class="qa_invalid_msg qa_cq_text_error qap_char_limit">{{qa_cq_text_error}}</div> <textarea class="qa_ca_text" spellcheck="true" placeholder="{{qa_edit_form_answer_placeholder}}">{{qa_edit_form_answer}}</textarea> <div class="qa_invalid_msg qa_ca_text_error qap_char_limit">{{qa_ca_text_error}}</div> <div class="qa_invalid_msg qa_ca_text_error2 qap_char_limit">{{qa_ca_text_min}}</div> <div class="qa_invalid_msg qa_ca_text_error3 qap_char_limit">{{qa_ca_error_url}}</div> <div class="qa_invalid_msg qa_ca_text_error_phone qap_char_limit">{{qa_ca_error_phone}}</div> <input class="qa_pa_email" placeholder="{{qa_pa_email_placeholder}}"/> {{#qa_admin}} <span class="qa_edit_form_verifier_container"> {{qa_edit_form_verifier_label}} <select class="qa_edit_form_verifier"> {{#qa_edit_form_verifiers}} <option value="{{id}}" {{selected}}>{{name}}</option> {{/qa_edit_form_verifiers}} </select> </span> {{#qa_edit_form_show_remove_submitter}} <span class="qa_edit_form_remove_submitter_container"> <label for="qa_aq_remove_submitter">{{qa_edit_form_remove_submitter}}</label> <input type="checkbox" id="qa_aq_remove_submitter" class="qa_checkbox" /> </span> {{/qa_edit_form_show_remove_submitter}} {{/qa_admin}} <span class="qa_edit_form_inactive_container"> <label for="qa_aq_inactive">{{qa_edit_form_inactive}}</label> <input type="checkbox" id="qa_aq_inactive" class="qa_checkbox" {{qa_edit_form_inactive_val}}> </span> <div class="clearall"></div> {{#qa_admin}}<a class="qa_aq_delete button primary">{{qa_edit_form_delete}}</a>{{/qa_admin}} <a class="qa_aq_submit button primary">{{qa_edit_form_submit}}</a> <span class="qa_spinner"></span> <a class="qa_aq_cancel button secondary">{{qa_edit_form_cancel}}</a> </div> </script>  <script id="qa_article_question_item" type="text/x-handlebars-template"> <li id="qa_question_{{rank}}" class="qa_aq qa_block {{#inactive}}qa_inactive{{/inactive}}" data-aqid="{{id}}" data-cqid="{{curatedQuestion.id}}" data-caid="{{curatedQuestion.curatedAnswer.id}}" data-sqid="{{curatedQuestion.submittedId}}" data-qa_inactive="{{inactive}}" data-votes_up="{{votesUp}}" data-votes_down="{{votesDown}}" data-verifier_id="{{verifierId}}" data-submitter_id="{{submitterUserId}}"> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="qa_li_container"> <div class="qa_question_tab">{{qa_question_label}}</div> <div class="qa_q_txt{{#qa_desktop}} question{{/qa_desktop}}">{{{curatedQuestion.text}}}</div> {{#qa_staff}}<div class="qa_staff_info">{{staffInfo}}</div>{{/qa_staff}} {{#show_editor_tools}} <div class="qa_editor_tools"> <a class="qa_edit_aq">{{qa_edit}}</a> </div> {{/show_editor_tools}} <div class="qa_answers"> <div class="{{qa_answerer_class}}"> {{#show_badge}}<div class="qa_badge"></div>{{/show_badge}} {{^qa_amp}} <div class="qa_user_hover hint_box"> {{#verifierId}}{{> qa_expert_hover.mustache}}{{/verifierId}} {{#staffAnswerer}}{{> qa_staff_hover.mustache}}{{/staffAnswerer}} </div> {{/qa_amp}} {{#verifierId}} {{#verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} <a href="{{verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}}" class="sp_namelink qa_person_circle" target="_blank">{{{verifierData.imageHtml}}}</a> {{/verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} {{^verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} <div class="sp_namelink qa_person_circle">{{{verifierData.imageHtml}}}</div> {{/verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} {{/verifierId}} {{^verifierId}} <div class="qa_person_circle"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="{{avatarUrl}}.webp" /> <img src="{{avatarUrl}}" width="{{avatarWidth}}" height="{{avatarHeight}}" class='qa_person_circle-img' loading="lazy" alt="{{submitterTextName}}" /> </picture> </div> {{/verifierId}} <div class="qa_answerer_info"> {{#verifierId}} <div class="qa_user_name"> {{#verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} <a href="{{verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}}" target="_blank">{{verifierData.name}}</a> {{/verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} {{^verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} {{verifierData.name}} {{/verifierData.articleReviewersUrl}} </div> <div class="qa_user_title">{{{verifierData.blurb}}}</div> {{/verifierId}} {{^verifierId}} <div class="qa_user_name">{{{submitterDisplayName}}}</div> {{/verifierId}} <div class="qa_user_label">{{qa_answerer_label}}</div> {{#isTopAnswerer}}{{^qa_desktop}}<div class="qa_ta_mobile_extra"></div>{{/qa_desktop}}{{/isTopAnswerer}} </div> </div> <div class="qa_answer answer {{#obscureAnswer}}{{#staffAnswerer}} qa_obscured_answer qa_obscured_answer_staff{{/staffAnswerer}}{{/obscureAnswer}}{{#obscureAnswers}}{{#verifierId}} qa_obscured_answer qa_obscured_answer_expert qa_obscured_answer_{{obscureAnswersType}}{{/verifierId}}{{/obscureAnswers}}{{#obscureAnswers}}{{#staffAnswerer}} qa_obscured_answer qa_obscured_answer_{{obscureAnswersType}}{{/staffAnswerer}}{{/obscureAnswers}}"> {{#obscureAnswers}} {{#staffAnswerer}} <a href="{{qa_purchase_obscured_answer_link}}" class="qa_obscured_prompt"> <div class="qa_obscured_answer_overlay"> {{#qa_amp}} <amp-img class="qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img" src="/extensions/wikihow/qa/widget/assets/icon-lock.svg" width="37" height="46" /> {{/qa_amp}} {{^qa_amp}} <img class="qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img" src="/extensions/wikihow/qa/widget/assets/icon-lock.svg" /> {{/qa_amp}} <p> {{qa_purchase_obscured_answer_staff_header}} <strong>{{qa_purchase_obscured_answer_staff_prompt}}</strong> </p> </div> </a> {{/staffAnswerer}} {{#verifierId}} <a href="{{qa_purchase_obscured_answer_link}}" class="qa_obscured_prompt"> <div class="qa_obscured_answer_overlay"> {{#qa_amp}} <amp-img class="qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img" src="/extensions/wikihow/qa/widget/assets/icon-lock.svg" width="37" height="46" /> {{/qa_amp}} {{^qa_amp}} <img class="qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img" src="/extensions/wikihow/qa/widget/assets/icon-lock.svg" /> {{/qa_amp}} <p> {{qa_purchase_obscured_answer_header}} <strong>{{qa_purchase_obscured_answer_prompt}}</strong> </p> </div> </a> {{/verifierId}} {{/obscureAnswers}} {{{curatedQuestion.curatedAnswer.text}}} </div> {{^qa_amp}} <div class="qa_answer_footer"> {{^qa_hide_ratings}}{{> thumbs_qa_widget}}{{/qa_hide_ratings}} {{^qa_anon}} <a class="qa_ignore_answered" href="#">{{qa_flag_duplicate}}</a> <p class="qa_ignore_answered_thanks">Thanks!</p> {{/qa_anon}} </div> {{/qa_amp}} </div> </div> </li> </script>   <script id="qa_thumbs_qa_widget" type="text/x-handlebars-template"> <div class="wh_vote_container qa_vote_buttons"> <span class='wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg'> <span class='wh_thumb_helpful'>{{{thumbs_helpful}}}</span> <span class='wh_thumb_unhelpful'>{{{thumbs_unhelpful}}}</span> <span class='wh_thumb_contribute'> {{thumbs_contribute_response}} <a target="_blank" href="{{thumbs_contribute_link}}" class="wh_thumbs_claim_gift wh_thumbs_contribute_button button"> {{thumbs_contribute_button}} </a> </span> </span> <div class="qa_widget_vote_links"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box button secondary">{{qa_thumbs_yes}}</a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box button secondary">{{qa_thumbs_no}}</a> </div> <div class="qa_widget_vote_buttons"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box">{{qa_thumbs_nohelp}} <span>{{votesDown}}</span></a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box">{{qa_thumbs_help}} <span>{{votesUp}}</span></a> </div> </div> </script>  <script id="top_answerers_qa_widget" type="text/x-handlebars-template"> <div class="qa_person_circle"> {{{ta_image}}} </div> <div class='qa_ta_name'> <span> {{userName}}, {{ta_label}} </span><br /> {{answersCount}} {{ta_answers_label}} </div> <div class="qa_ta_cats"> {{#topCats.0}} {{ta_subcats_intro}} {{#topCats}}<a href="{{cat_link}}" class="click_out">{{cat}}</a>, {{/topCats}} {{ta_subcats_outro}} {{/topCats.0}} </div> </script> <div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallextra fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="4167749029" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallslot="1240030252" data-smallheight="250" data-type="qa" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_qanda" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-prebidload="1" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-largechannels="9818776313,2060152247,5763098696" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-qanda" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111280,"pubmatic":"4926795","ix":"944752","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892623","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_qanda_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666394012492637","grid":383052,"medianet":"445774819","rise":"engl_gam_sma_qanda","sharethrough":"thCJKQsdDouXuN8G39B9IjtJ"}'><div id="mobileqa_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobileqa_ad_1')</script> </div> </div> <div class="section video sticky"> <div class="headline_container "><div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Video">Video</span> </h2></div></div> <div id="video" class="section_text"> <center> <div id="" class="embedvideocontainer" style="max-width: 100%; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/q47UQ2LR7nE/hqdefault.jpg); background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;"> <iframe class="embedvideo lazy content-fill" id="youtube_embed_iframe_q47UQ2LR7nE" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/q47UQ2LR7nE?enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem("youtube_embed_iframe_q47UQ2LR7nE")</script> </div> </center> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> </div> <div class="section tips sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Tips">Tips</span> </h2></div> </div> <div id="tips" class="section_text"> <ul class="tips_section_text_ul"><li class="tips_ul_li"> <div class="tips_li_div">Some of the older archives are missing content. In this case, try another date and see if all the content is present.<div class="clearall tips_li_div"></div> </div> <div class="wh_vote_container tips_li_div"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg">Thanks</span> <div class="tips_li_div"> <a href="#" data-hash="51e77041a2808009752a9b7747dccc39" data-vote="up" data-type="1" class="trvote_up_51e77041a2808009752a9b7747dccc39_1 vote_up wh_vote_box"> Helpful <span class="tr_vote">0</span> </a> <a href="#" data-hash="51e77041a2808009752a9b7747dccc39" data-vote="down" data-type="1" class="trvote_down_51e77041a2808009752a9b7747dccc39_1 vote_down wh_vote_box"> Not Helpful <span class="tr_vote">0</span> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="addTipElement"> <div class="addTipHeader"> Submit a Tip <div>All tip submissions are carefully reviewed before being published</div> </div> <div class="addSubmitterHeader"> Name <div class="addTipHeaderInner">Please provide your name and last initial</div> </div> <div class="addTipForm"> <input type="text" class="newtip" placeholder="Your tip here"> <input type="text" id="newtip_submitter_input" class="submittername hidden" placeholder="First name and last initial (optional)"> <a href="#" class="addtip op-action button primary" role="button" aria-label="Add a tip to this article">Submit</a> <div class="tip_waiting"></div> </div> <div class="addTipThanks"> Thanks for submitting a tip for review! </div> </div> </div> <div id="promopair_container" class="wh_ad_spacing"> <script>if (WH.shared.isLargeSize) {WH.eventView('article_promo_house_promopair_click_go_sc', {course_name:'autism_quiz', dest_url:'https://www.wikihow.com/Am-I-Autistic-Quiz?utm_source=wikihow&utm_medium=promopair&utm_campaign=autism_quiz'}, '#promopair-img-wrap', 'click');}</script><a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Am-I-Autistic-Quiz?utm_source=wikihow&utm_medium=promopair&utm_campaign=autism_quiz" id="promopair-img-wrap"><img width="420" height="250" data-width="420" data-height="250" id="67425d218a621" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="/images/1/14/Autism_promopair.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('67425d218a621')</script><noscript><img src="/images/1/14/Autism_promopair.jpg" width="420" height="250" data-width="420" data-height="250" id="67425d218a621" class="scrolldefer content-fill"></noscript></a><script>WH.ads.promoLoadEvent( '67425d218a621', 'promopair', 'autism_promopair.jpg');</script><div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey promopair" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_promo" data-size="[300, 250]" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-prebidload="1" data-large="1" data-medium="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-promo" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":21222616,"pubmatic":"3484049","ix":"632550","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1986294","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"543971537","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_promo_300x250_Prebid","yahooAds":"engl_gam_lgm_promo","yieldmo":"2687163485543932751","grid":168930,"medianet":"576257283","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_promo","sharethrough":"2dgIVEkekDipUsLpIoCw26EN"}'><div id="promopair_ad_1"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('promopair_ad_1')</script> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner dfpsmall dfpsmallextra fluid" data-service="adsense" data-smallslot="8787347780" data-smallheight="250" data-type="tips" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_tipps" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-prebidload="1" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engltipps" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111281,"pubmatic":"4926796","ix":"944753","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756134","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892624","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_tipps_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393861497692","grid":383056,"medianet":"237832304","rise":"engl_gam_sma_tipps","sharethrough":"7lGszgKi3Zvd8S1bEmlAt88m"}'><div id="tips_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('tips_ad_1')</script> </div> <div class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> </div> <div class="section warnings sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Warnings">Warnings</span> </h2></div> </div> <div id="warnings" class="section_text"> <ul><li class="warnings_ul_li"><div class="warnings_li_div">You cannot sign in to a website through the Wayback Machine. This is likely to prevent you from adding comments to an older version to protect the snapshots, as editing them would be equivalent to editing history.<div class="clearall warnings_li_div"></div> </div> <div class="wh_vote_container warnings_li_div"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg">Thanks</span> <div class="warnings_li_div"> <a href="#" data-hash="2c1427de74d6e3b073be6d22bf9c1f50" data-vote="up" data-type="2" class="trvote_up_2c1427de74d6e3b073be6d22bf9c1f50_2 vote_up wh_vote_box"> Helpful <span class="tr_vote">0</span> </a> <a href="#" data-hash="2c1427de74d6e3b073be6d22bf9c1f50" data-vote="down" data-type="2" class="trvote_down_2c1427de74d6e3b073be6d22bf9c1f50_2 vote_down wh_vote_box"> Not Helpful <span class="tr_vote">0</span> </a> </div> </div> </li></ul> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner dfpsmall dfpsmallextra fluid" data-service="adsense" data-smallslot="3674621907" data-smallheight="250" data-type="warnings" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_warns" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-prebidload="1" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-warns" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111282,"pubmatic":"4926797","ix":"944754","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756136","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892625","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_warns_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393408512857","grid":383053,"medianet":"582466148","rise":"engl_gam_sma_warns","sharethrough":"nEuHjb6fPzQdHPcUtlRg60h5"}'><div id="warnings_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('warnings_ad_1')</script> </div> <div class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> </div> <div class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> </div> <div class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="printfooter"> </div> <div id="rmb_container" class="section_text" style="display:none"><input type="button" class="button primary" id="rmbutton" value="Read More"></div> <div class="section relatedwikihows sticky"> <div class="headline_container"><div class="headline_info"><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_wikiHows">You Might Also Like</span></h2></div></div> <div id="relatedwikihows" class="section_text"> <a class="related-wh" href="/Access-the-Deep-Web"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="fbc7fc897f64f739eb6227366794e38e" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Access the Deep Web" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/70/Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">Deep Web Guide: Getting There & How It Differs from the Dark Web</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('fbc7fc897f64f739eb6227366794e38e')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/70/Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="7913c189204611ce1319f092c6595178" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Search and Find About Someone Using Image Easily" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/88/Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-246px-Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Search and Find About Someone Using Image Easily</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('7913c189204611ce1319f092c6595178')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/88/Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-246px-Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg"></noscript></a><div class="wh_ad_inner" data-service="adsense" data-smallslot="3859396687" data-smallheight="250" data-type="middlerelated" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="0" data-gptdisplaylate="1"><div id="middlerelated_ad_1"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('middlerelated_ad_1')</script><a class="related-wh" href="/Find-Your-Apple-ID"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="b47b21da64dcba44ac12ac00c1ba7042" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Find Your Apple ID" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/24/Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">Easy Ways to Find Your Apple ID</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('b47b21da64dcba44ac12ac00c1ba7042')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/24/Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="28bdd94f2f9ecac519a053fc882aa7a8" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Enable NSFW Content on Reddit" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2b/Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg/-crop-342-184-248px-Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">Turn Off Reddit's NSFW Filter to Unblur Adult Photos & Posts</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('28bdd94f2f9ecac519a053fc882aa7a8')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2b/Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg/-crop-342-184-248px-Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Invite-Collaborator-Instagram-Not-Showing"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="30ed6b6c338d78f172cb7bc5eca5d23f" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Invite Collaborator Instagram Not Showing" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/94/Invite-Collaborator-Instagram-Not-Showing-Step-8.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Invite-Collaborator-Instagram-Not-Showing-Step-8.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">8 Easy Ways to Fix Instagram Invite Collaborator Not Showing</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('30ed6b6c338d78f172cb7bc5eca5d23f')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/94/Invite-Collaborator-Instagram-Not-Showing-Step-8.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Invite-Collaborator-Instagram-Not-Showing-Step-8.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Find-Old-Websites-That-No-Longer-Exist"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="81cd98786364350c00d8d2ad73bc983d" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Find Old Websites That No Longer Exist" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4b/Find-Old-Websites-That-No-Longer-Exist-Step-19.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Find-Old-Websites-That-No-Longer-Exist-Step-19.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">4 Ways to Find Old Websites Using Archive Tools</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('81cd98786364350c00d8d2ad73bc983d')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4b/Find-Old-Websites-That-No-Longer-Exist-Step-19.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Find-Old-Websites-That-No-Longer-Exist-Step-19.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Put-a-Shortcut-to-a-Website-on-Your-Desktop"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="7738e2da6e4fdbbb1b459de4ab50803f" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Put a Shortcut to a Website on Your Desktop" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/10/Put-a-Shortcut-to-a-Website-on-Your-Desktop-Draft-Step-19.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Put-a-Shortcut-to-a-Website-on-Your-Desktop-Draft-Step-19.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">Easy Ways to Make a Website Shortcut on Windows or macOS</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('7738e2da6e4fdbbb1b459de4ab50803f')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/10/Put-a-Shortcut-to-a-Website-on-Your-Desktop-Draft-Step-19.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Put-a-Shortcut-to-a-Website-on-Your-Desktop-Draft-Step-19.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Create-a-Link"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="1e704a59bb2e15d990778ce3cade783c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Create a Link" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/17/Create-a-Link-Step-38.jpg/-crop-342-184-246px-Create-a-Link-Step-38.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Create a Link: Easy, Step-by-Step Instructions</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('1e704a59bb2e15d990778ce3cade783c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/17/Create-a-Link-Step-38.jpg/-crop-342-184-246px-Create-a-Link-Step-38.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Increase-Internet-Speed"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="3f54a4febef633d07f7b4e791d6dec03" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Increase Internet Speed" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d0/Increase-Internet-Speed-Step-17-Version-6.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Increase-Internet-Speed-Step-17-Version-6.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">17 Easy Ways to Speed up Your WiFi or Internet Connection</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('3f54a4febef633d07f7b4e791d6dec03')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d0/Increase-Internet-Speed-Step-17-Version-6.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Increase-Internet-Speed-Step-17-Version-6.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Get-the-URL-for-Pictures"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="4af67756a901adf889305e5c0a23367e" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Get the URL for Pictures" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/22/Get-the-URL-for-Pictures-Step-30-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Get-the-URL-for-Pictures-Step-30-Version-2.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Get the URL for Any Image</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('4af67756a901adf889305e5c0a23367e')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/22/Get-the-URL-for-Pictures-Step-30-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Get-the-URL-for-Pictures-Step-30-Version-2.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Fix-DNS-Server-Not-Responding-Problem"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="133b733839d967f9a86ea9e21e823831" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Fix DNS Server Not Responding Problem" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/04/Fix-DNS-Server-Not-Responding-Problem-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Fix-DNS-Server-Not-Responding-Problem-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">DNS Server Isn't Responding? Easy Troubleshooting & Fixes</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('133b733839d967f9a86ea9e21e823831')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/04/Fix-DNS-Server-Not-Responding-Problem-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Fix-DNS-Server-Not-Responding-Problem-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Search-by-Image"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="58fa187aefb9c3c59eb628238112f0b4" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Search by Image" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/Search-by-Image-Step-17-Version-4.jpg/-crop-342-184-249px-Search-by-Image-Step-17-Version-4.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">The Ultimate Guide to Searching By Image</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('58fa187aefb9c3c59eb628238112f0b4')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/Search-by-Image-Step-17-Version-4.jpg/-crop-342-184-249px-Search-by-Image-Step-17-Version-4.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Hide-Toolbars"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="47e4246de204035eb79fe15232099c8c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Hide Toolbars" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/81/Hide-Toolbars-Step-18.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Hide-Toolbars-Step-18.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Hide the Search Toolbar in Google Chrome</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('47e4246de204035eb79fe15232099c8c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/81/Hide-Toolbars-Step-18.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-Hide-Toolbars-Step-18.jpg"></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/What-Does-Received-Mean-on-Snapchat"><div class="content-spacer"> <img id="9c5fcd13ffe008ca8eb0560378f733e3" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="What Does Received Mean on Snapchat" width="342" height="184" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/61/What-Does-Received-Mean-on-Snapchat-Step-6.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-What-Does-Received-Mean-on-Snapchat-Step-6.jpg"><span class="related-wh-title">What Do the Icons Mean on Snapchat: Received, Viewed, Sent, and More</span> </div> <script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('9c5fcd13ffe008ca8eb0560378f733e3')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/61/What-Does-Received-Mean-on-Snapchat-Step-6.jpg/-crop-342-184-245px-What-Does-Received-Mean-on-Snapchat-Step-6.jpg"></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="3648874275" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallslot="9047782573" data-smallheight="250" data-type="related" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_relat" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-prebidload="1" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-largechannels="9818776313,2060152247,5763098696" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-relat" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111283,"pubmatic":"4926798","ix":"944755","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756138","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892626","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lsma_relat_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393718891355","grid":383054,"medianet":"988583344","rise":"engl_gam_sma_relat","sharethrough":"NeeU3FmaxBP2UdyGlSXmIJhv"}'><div id="mobilerelated_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilerelated_ad_1')</script> </div> <div class="section references sourcesandcitations sticky"> <div class="headline_container"><div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator" id="references_first"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span> </h2></div></div> <div id="references" class="section_text"><ol class="firstref references"> <li id="_note-1"> <a href="#_ref-1" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://help.archive.org/help/search-a-basic-guide/">https://help.archive.org/help/search-a-basic-guide/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-2"> <a href="#_ref-2" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org">https://web.archive.org</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-3"> <a href="#_ref-3" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://help.archive.org/help/using-the-wayback-machine/">https://help.archive.org/help/using-the-wayback-machine/</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="section aboutthisarticle sticky" id="aboutthisarticle"> <div class="headline_container"> <div class="headline_info"> <h2 id="sp_h2"><span class="mw-headline">About This Article</span></h2> </div> </div> <div id="social_proof_mobile"> <a name="social_proof_anchor" id="social_proof_anchor"></a> <div class="sp_inner"> <div class="sp_top_box sp_person sp_staff"> <div class="coauthor_avatar_badge staff_badge"></div> <div class="ar_avatar" style="max-width: 50px"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/b/b5/Travis_Boylls.png/-crop-100-100-100px-Travis_Boylls.png.webp"></source><img src="/images/thumb/b/b5/Travis_Boylls.png/-crop-100-100-100px-Travis_Boylls.png" alt="Travis Boylls" loading="lazy" width="50" height="50" style="max-width: 50px"></picture></div> <div class="sp_expert_text "> <div> <div class="sp_coauthor_label"> Written by: </div> <div class="sp_expert_name"><a href="/Author/Travis-Boylls">Travis Boylls</a></div> <div class="sp_expert_blurb">wikiHow Technology Writer</div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sp_expert_desc"> This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, <a href="/Author/Travis-Boylls">Travis Boylls</a>. Travis Boylls is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. Travis has experience writing technology-related articles, providing software customer service, and in graphic design. He specializes in Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, and Linux platforms. He studied graphic design at Pikes Peak Community College. This article has been viewed 497,070 times. </div> <div class="sp_box sp_box_hoverable sp_helpful_hoverable sp_helpful_box " data-helpful=""> <div class="sp_star_section_upper"> <div class="sp_star_section_hoverable"> <div class="sp_star_container star1"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star2"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star3"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star4"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star5"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sp_helpful_lower"> <div class="sp_star_rating_text"></div> <div class="sp_helpful_rating_count"></div> <div class="helpfulness_text">How helpful is this?</div> </div> </div> <div class="sp_box sp_stats_box "> <div class="sp_text"> Co-authors: <span class="sp_text_data">22</span> </div> <div class="sp_text"> <span id="sp_modified">Updated: <span class="sp_text_data">September 24, 2024</span></span> </div> <div class="sp_text"> Views: <span class="sp_text_data">497,070</span> </div> </div> <div class="sp_box sp_fullbox"> Categories: <span dir="ltr"><a href="/Category:Featured-Articles" title="Category:Featured Articles">Featured Articles</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="/Category:Internet" title="Category:Internet">Internet</a></span> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div id="summary_wrapper" class="section_text"> <a href="#summary_wrapper" class="collapse_link"><span id="summary_toc_heading_text">Article Summary</span><span id="summary_close">X</span></a><p class="text_summary_wrapper" id="summary_text">1. Go to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org">https://web.archive.org</a>.<br> 2. Enter a URL.<br> 3. Press <b>Enter</b> or <b>Return</b>.<br> 4. Click a year.<br> 5. Click a date.<br> <span id="summary_last_sentence"></span><span id="summary_position" class="sumpos_bottom"></span><div class="s-help-wrap" data-type="summarytexthelp"> <span class="s-help-prompt">Did this summary help you?</span><button class="s-help-response" data-value="1" data-type="summarytexthelp" data-prompt-text="We are so glad to have helped!" data-finish-prompt="Thank you! <a href='#' class='firststeplink'>Return to the article to learn more...</a>" data-textarea-prompt="Please describe what was helpful in the video..." type="submit">Yes</button><button class="s-help-response" data-value="0" data-type="summarytexthelp" data-prompt-text="Sorry that the video wasn't helpful." data-finish-prompt="Sorry the summary wasn't helpful. <a href='#' class='firststeplink'>Return to the article to learn more...</a>" data-textarea-prompt="Please tell us what you would have liked to see in the video..." type="submit">No</button><div class="s-help-feedback-wrap"> <textarea class="s-help-textarea"></textarea><input type="button" class="s-help-submit button primary" value="Submit"> </div> </div></p> </div> <div id="other_languages" class="section_text"> <a href="#other_languages" class="collapse_link">In other languages</a><div id="language_links"> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://es.wikihow.com/usar-la-p%C3%A1gina-de-Internet-Archive">Spanish</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://ru.wikihow.com/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-Internet-Wayback-Machine">Russian</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://pt.wikihow.com/Usar-a-P%C3%A1gina-de-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine">Portuguese</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://fr.wikihow.com/utiliser-la-Wayback-Machine-sur-le-site-Internet-Archive">French</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://id.wikihow.com/Menggunakan-Internet-Archive-Wayback-Machine">Indonesian</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://www.wikihow.it/Usare-la-Wayback-Machine-di-Internet-Archive">Italian</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://th.wikihow.com/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2-Wayback-Machine">Thai</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://nl.wikihow.com/Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-gebruiken">Dutch</a></div> </div> </div> <ul id="end_options" class="section_text"> <li><a href="#" id="printLink">Print</a></li> <li><a href="#" id="gatThankAuthors">Send fan mail to authors</a></li> <div class="clearall"></div> </ul> <div class="page_stats section_text">Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 497,070 times.<div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> </div> <div id="article_rating_mobile" class="section_text"> <h2 id="article_rating_header"><span class="mw-headline">Is this article up to date?</span></h2> <div id="article_rating"> <button id="gatAccuracyYes" pageid="356597" role="button" class="button secondary vote_up aritem">Yes</button> <button id="gatAccuracyNo" pageid="356597" role="button" class="button secondary vote_down aritem">No</button> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner house-promo" data-service="house" data-type="housebottom" data-width="728" data-height="180" data-large="1" data-medium="1" data-buckets="1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10" data-channels="3614436449" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="0" data-gptdisplaylate="1"><div id="housebottom_ad_1"> <script>if (WH.shared.isLargeSize || WH.shared.isMedSize) {WH.eventView('article_promo_house_bottom_click_go_sc', {dest_url:'https://www.wikihow.com/Tech-Help-Pro?utm_source=wikihow&utm_medium=bottom&utm_campaign=tech_v12_prologo', ad_exclude:0}, '#hausead-img-wrap', 'click');}</script><a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Tech-Help-Pro?utm_source=wikihow&utm_medium=bottom&utm_campaign=tech_v12_prologo" id="hausead-img-wrap"><img width="728" height="180" data-width="728" data-height="180" id="67425d218b945" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="/images/d/d9/Tech_v12_prologo_728x180.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('67425d218b945')</script><noscript><img src="/images/d/d9/Tech_v12_prologo_728x180.jpg" width="728" height="180" data-width="728" data-height="180" id="67425d218b945" class="scrolldefer content-fill"></noscript></a><script>WH.ads.promoLoadEvent( '67425d218b945', 'bottom', 'tech_v12_prologo_728x180.jpg');</script> </div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('housebottom_ad_1')</script><div id="pagebottom"> <div class="wh_ad_inner dfpsmall dfpsmallbottom fluid" data-service="adsense" data-smallslot="3788982605" data-smallheight="250" data-type="pagebottom" data-small="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_bottm" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-prebidload="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-bottm" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111284,"pubmatic":"4926799","ix":"944756","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756140","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892627","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_bottm_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666394171876190","grid":383055,"medianet":"172923681","rise":"engl_gam_sma_bottm","sharethrough":"pjB7FOTJ0b7GuEgMzHXYLqaE"}'><div id="pagebottom_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('pagebottom_ad_1')</script> </div> </div></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="cookie_notice" class="sidebox notice_bgcolor"><a href="#" id="cookie_notice_x"></a>Cookies make wikiHow better. By continuing to use our site, you agree to our <a href="/wikiHow:Cookie-Policy" target="_blank">cookie policy</a>.</div><div id="social_proof_sidebox" class="sidebox "> <div class="sp_top_box sp_person sp_staff"> <div class="coauthor_avatar_badge staff_badge"></div> <div class="ar_avatar" style="max-width: 50px"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/b/b5/Travis_Boylls.png/-crop-100-100-100px-Travis_Boylls.png.webp"/><img src="/images/thumb/b/b5/Travis_Boylls.png/-crop-100-100-100px-Travis_Boylls.png" alt="Travis Boylls" loading="lazy" width="50" height="50" style="max-width: 50px"/></picture></div> <div class="sp_expert_text "> <div> <div class="sp_coauthor_label"> Written by: </div> <div class="sp_expert_name"><a href="/Author/Travis-Boylls">Travis Boylls</a></div> <div class="sp_expert_blurb">wikiHow Technology Writer</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sp_inner"> <div class="sp_box sp_box_hoverable sp_helpful_hoverable sp_helpful_box " data-helpful=""> <div class="sp_star_section_upper"> <div class="sp_star_section_hoverable"> <div class="sp_star_container star1"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star2"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star3"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star4"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star5"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star " style="width:0%"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sp_helpful_lower"> <div class="sp_star_rating_text"></div> <div class="sp_helpful_rating_count"></div> <div class="helpfulness_text">Click a star to vote</div> </div> <div class='sp_popup_container'> <div class='hint_box'>% of people told us that this article helped them.</div> </div> </div> <div class="sp_box sp_stats_box "> <div class="sp_text"> Co-authors: <span class="sp_text_data">22</span> </div> <div class="sp_text"> <span id="sp_modified">Updated: <span class="sp_text_data">September 24, 2024</span></span> </div> <div class="sp_text"> Views: <span class="sp_text_data">497,070</span> </div> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail0_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail0_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail0_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail1_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail1_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21a0160" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="quizzes"><h3>Quizzes</h3><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Dirty-Mind-Test"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="8f83f470bf239b405e1198f130453cb9" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Do I Have a Dirty Mind Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/72/Dirty_mind_test.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Dirty_mind_test.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Do I Have a Dirty Mind Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('8f83f470bf239b405e1198f130453cb9')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/72/Dirty_mind_test.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Dirty_mind_test.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Relationships/Am-I-a-Good-Kisser-Quiz"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="34eca334199404cf6bc4b65c7ed46fb7" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Am I a Good Kisser Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d1/Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Am I a Good Kisser Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('34eca334199404cf6bc4b65c7ed46fb7')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d1/Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Rizz-Game"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="ed7ffe873ccc1c167308036e57e66ad2" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Rizz Game: Test Your Rizz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/02/Rizz-Meaning-Step-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Rizz-Meaning-Step-3.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Rizz Game: Test Your Rizz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('ed7ffe873ccc1c167308036e57e66ad2')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/02/Rizz-Meaning-Step-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Rizz-Meaning-Step-3.jpg"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Relationships/What%27s-Your-Red-Flag-Quiz"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="2542beececcb6c088af31bfdf96944a9" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="What's Your Red Flag Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/be/Canva-bad-relationship-social-media.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Canva-bad-relationship-social-media.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>What's Your Red Flag Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('2542beececcb6c088af31bfdf96944a9')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/be/Canva-bad-relationship-social-media.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Canva-bad-relationship-social-media.jpg"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Am-I-Smart"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="9ea5a6f3799498bb22f762e29a8e2cca" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Am I Smart Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/Am_i_smart_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Am_i_smart_quiz.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Am I Smart Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('9ea5a6f3799498bb22f762e29a8e2cca')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/Am_i_smart_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Am_i_smart_quiz.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/How-Insecure-Are-You"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="451eb87726475fc9e36e18615e5fbc11" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="How Insecure Am I Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/56/How_insecure_are_you_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-How_insecure_are_you_quiz.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>How Insecure Am I Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('451eb87726475fc9e36e18615e5fbc11')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/56/How_insecure_are_you_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-How_insecure_are_you_quiz.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21a0160', 'quizzes');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail2_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail2_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail2_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail3_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail3_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="side_related_articles" class="sidebox related_articles"> <h3>You Might Also Like</h3><a class="related-wh" href="/Access-the-Deep-Web"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="cbced098c679f332db31e43bd21da993" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Access the Deep Web" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/70/Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title">Deep Web Guide: Getting There & How It Differs from the Dark Web</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('cbced098c679f332db31e43bd21da993')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/70/Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Access-the-Deep-Web-Step-14-Version-3.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="eb3ee77429e19328cc7990c0d02b6a9f" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Search and Find About Someone Using Image Easily" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/88/Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Search and Find About Someone Using Image Easily</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('eb3ee77429e19328cc7990c0d02b6a9f')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/88/Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Search-and-Find-About-Someone-Using-Image-Easily-Step-10-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Find-Your-Apple-ID"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="bf1b361580ce9d827e97fed4f3d3e165" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Find Your Apple ID" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/24/Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title">Easy Ways to Find Your Apple ID</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('bf1b361580ce9d827e97fed4f3d3e165')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/24/Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Find-Your-Apple-ID-Step-14-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh" href="/Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="d018b283638d936aa9341cc73e587896" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Enable NSFW Content on Reddit" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2b/Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title">Turn Off Reddit's NSFW Filter to Unblur Adult Photos & Posts</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('d018b283638d936aa9341cc73e587896')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2b/Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Enable-NSFW-Content-on-Reddit-Step-20-Version-3.jpg"/></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div> </div><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail4_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail4_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail4_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail5_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail5_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21a1d85" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="Featured"><h3>Featured Articles</h3><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Make-Your-Android-Screen-Black-and-White-(Grayscale)"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="562fc4fc93a8953bdcf6fd3dc2527e12" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Make Your Android Screen Black and White or Grayscale" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/35/Grayscale-Result-%28Modified%29.png/-crop-127-140-72px-Grayscale-Result-%28Modified%29.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Make Your Android Screen Black and White or Grayscale</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('562fc4fc93a8953bdcf6fd3dc2527e12')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/35/Grayscale-Result-%28Modified%29.png/-crop-127-140-72px-Grayscale-Result-%28Modified%29.png"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Avoid-Amazon"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="35776027c33c0b2a613af4a8495b6d2c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Stop Using Amazon & Make More Ethical Purchases" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/47/Avoid-Amazon-Step-1.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Avoid-Amazon-Step-1.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Stop Using Amazon & Make More Ethical Purchases</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('35776027c33c0b2a613af4a8495b6d2c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/47/Avoid-Amazon-Step-1.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Avoid-Amazon-Step-1.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Make-Your-Boyfriend-Go-Crazy-over-You"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="3b6f38919198be9681b689eb9d61b497" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Make Your Boyfriend Go Crazy over You" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a8/Approach-a-Girl-if-You%27re-Shy-and-Don%27t-Know-What-to-Say-Step-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Approach-a-Girl-if-You%27re-Shy-and-Don%27t-Know-What-to-Say-Step-5.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Make Your Boyfriend Go Crazy over You</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('3b6f38919198be9681b689eb9d61b497')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a8/Approach-a-Girl-if-You%27re-Shy-and-Don%27t-Know-What-to-Say-Step-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Approach-a-Girl-if-You%27re-Shy-and-Don%27t-Know-What-to-Say-Step-5.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Take-a-Screenshot-in-Microsoft-Windows"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="20ccf90f50b0347a95636c96311ae4fc" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Take a Screenshot on a Windows PC: 8 Simple Tricks" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/01/Take-a-Screenshot-in-Microsoft-Windows-Step-44-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Take-a-Screenshot-in-Microsoft-Windows-Step-44-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Take a Screenshot on a Windows PC: 8 Simple Tricks</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('20ccf90f50b0347a95636c96311ae4fc')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/01/Take-a-Screenshot-in-Microsoft-Windows-Step-44-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Take-a-Screenshot-in-Microsoft-Windows-Step-44-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Celebrity-Look-Alike-Quiz"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="36fe2d1dd50257a6eb22f514a5dbf304" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="What Celebrity Do I Look Like Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b0/Celebrity_lookalike_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Celebrity_lookalike_quiz.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>What Celebrity Do I Look Like Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('36fe2d1dd50257a6eb22f514a5dbf304')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b0/Celebrity_lookalike_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Celebrity_lookalike_quiz.png"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Host-a-Thanksgiving-Dinner"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="cf44c7ccba71105bdcad44affdc7bb73" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Host a Thanksgiving Dinner" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/14/Host-a-Thanksgiving-Dinner-Step-13-Version-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Host-a-Thanksgiving-Dinner-Step-13-Version-3.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Host a Thanksgiving Dinner</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('cf44c7ccba71105bdcad44affdc7bb73')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/14/Host-a-Thanksgiving-Dinner-Step-13-Version-3.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Host-a-Thanksgiving-Dinner-Step-13-Version-3.jpg"/></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21a1d85', 'Featured');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail6_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail6_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail6_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail7_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail7_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21a37d2" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="hp_popular"><h3>Trending Articles</h3><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Spot-Fake-Louis-Vuitton-Purses"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="e62e9ca2a8b0161a8e6b993a73a5e019" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Spot Fake Louis Vuitton Purses" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4a/Spot-Fake-Louis-Vuitton-Purses-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Spot-Fake-Louis-Vuitton-Purses-Step-11.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Spot Fake Louis Vuitton Purses</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('e62e9ca2a8b0161a8e6b993a73a5e019')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4a/Spot-Fake-Louis-Vuitton-Purses-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Spot-Fake-Louis-Vuitton-Purses-Step-11.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Cannot-Wait-to-See-You"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="b402ca6f1b957bf67fda7a665898a8dc" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="55+ Cute, Flirty, & Romantic “Can't Wait to See You” Messages " width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4c/Cannot-Wait-to-See-You-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Cannot-Wait-to-See-You-Step-11.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>55+ Cute, Flirty, & Romantic “Can't Wait to See You” Messages </span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('b402ca6f1b957bf67fda7a665898a8dc')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4c/Cannot-Wait-to-See-You-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Cannot-Wait-to-See-You-Step-11.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Cook-Food-on-Your-Car%27s-Engine"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="f23f5c7bf924b384e27af092f507a3cc" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Cook Food on Your Car's Engine" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/25/Cook-Food-on-Your-Car%27s-Engine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Cook-Food-on-Your-Car%27s-Engine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Cook Food on Your Car's Engine</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('f23f5c7bf924b384e27af092f507a3cc')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/25/Cook-Food-on-Your-Car%27s-Engine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Cook-Food-on-Your-Car%27s-Engine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Delete-a-Twitter-Account"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="34230a6455f31de1326d20f6e0342f08" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Permanently Delete an X (Formerly Twitter) Account" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/bd/Delete-a-Twitter-Account-Step-7-Version-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Delete-a-Twitter-Account-Step-7-Version-5.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Permanently Delete an X (Formerly Twitter) Account</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('34230a6455f31de1326d20f6e0342f08')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/bd/Delete-a-Twitter-Account-Step-7-Version-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Delete-a-Twitter-Account-Step-7-Version-5.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Write-a-Myth"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="e8cb3400eb0ec699dcc38414a1f1ae36" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="How Do You Write a Myth? Examples & Step-by-Step Instructions" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ad/Write-a-Myth-Step-18.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Write-a-Myth-Step-18.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>How Do You Write a Myth? Examples & Step-by-Step Instructions</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('e8cb3400eb0ec699dcc38414a1f1ae36')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ad/Write-a-Myth-Step-18.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Write-a-Myth-Step-18.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Replace-a-Fuse-on-Christmas-Tree-Lights"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="901905fdd3c4ffbe3561daf0d1ee8372" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Change a Fuse in Christmas Lights (And Keep It from Going Out)" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/64/Replace-a-Fuse-on-Christmas-Tree-Lights-Step-16-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Replace-a-Fuse-on-Christmas-Tree-Lights-Step-16-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Change a Fuse in Christmas Lights (And Keep It from Going Out)</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('901905fdd3c4ffbe3561daf0d1ee8372')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/64/Replace-a-Fuse-on-Christmas-Tree-Lights-Step-16-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Replace-a-Fuse-on-Christmas-Tree-Lights-Step-16-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21a37d2', 'hp_popular');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail8_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail8_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail8_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail9_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail9_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21a506d" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="Featured"><h3>Featured Articles</h3><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Remove-Scratches-from-a-Phone-Screen"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="6a033517a756f84815aa5713c8f4917f" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Remove Scratches from a Phone Screen" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/ee/Remove-Scratches-from-a-Phone-Screen-Step-16.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Remove-Scratches-from-a-Phone-Screen-Step-16.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Remove Scratches from a Phone Screen</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('6a033517a756f84815aa5713c8f4917f')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/ee/Remove-Scratches-from-a-Phone-Screen-Step-16.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Remove-Scratches-from-a-Phone-Screen-Step-16.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Orange-Cat-Personality"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="97896b8d4d7989911f64348b6bb5b982" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="The Truth about the Orange Cat Personality" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e9/Orange-Cat-Personality-Step-13.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Orange-Cat-Personality-Step-13.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>The Truth about the Orange Cat Personality</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('97896b8d4d7989911f64348b6bb5b982')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e9/Orange-Cat-Personality-Step-13.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Orange-Cat-Personality-Step-13.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Burnt-Toast-Theory"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="cae7e3f99518165e6745e8c38c40e5bd" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="What Is Burnt Toast Theory?" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c1/Burnt-Toast-Theory-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Burnt-Toast-Theory-Step-11.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>What Is Burnt Toast Theory?</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('cae7e3f99518165e6745e8c38c40e5bd')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c1/Burnt-Toast-Theory-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Burnt-Toast-Theory-Step-11.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Identify-AI-Art"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="eb3eb5d17235274979c3430fc2292bbd" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Identify AI Art" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d9/Identify-AI-Art-Step-9.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Identify-AI-Art-Step-9.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Identify AI Art</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('eb3eb5d17235274979c3430fc2292bbd')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d9/Identify-AI-Art-Step-9.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Identify-AI-Art-Step-9.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Be-Romantic-with-Your-Boyfriend"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="aa82d2adb2c672ef4fb25aa0c4a80221" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Romance Your Boyfriend" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/29/Be-Romantic-with-Your-Boyfriend-Step-23-Version-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Be-Romantic-with-Your-Boyfriend-Step-23-Version-5.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Romance Your Boyfriend</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('aa82d2adb2c672ef4fb25aa0c4a80221')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/29/Be-Romantic-with-Your-Boyfriend-Step-23-Version-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Be-Romantic-with-Your-Boyfriend-Step-23-Version-5.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Achieve-Your-Full-Potential"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="fb5762e7386071d8bd686fa70f035428" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Achieve Your Full Potential" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/14/Be-Self-Confident-Step-1.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Be-Self-Confident-Step-1.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Achieve Your Full Potential</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('fb5762e7386071d8bd686fa70f035428')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/14/Be-Self-Confident-Step-1.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Be-Self-Confident-Step-1.jpg"/></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21a506d', 'Featured');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail10_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail10_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail10_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail11_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail11_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21a6993" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="Featured"><h3>Featured Articles</h3><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Know-if-a-Hug-Is-Romantic"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="18aa70c2ad2c632e75e38420388466a7" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="12 Signs a Hug is *Definitely* Romantic, According to Experts" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/42/Know-if-a-Hug-Is-Romantic-Step-12.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Know-if-a-Hug-Is-Romantic-Step-12.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>12 Signs a Hug is *Definitely* Romantic, According to Experts</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('18aa70c2ad2c632e75e38420388466a7')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/42/Know-if-a-Hug-Is-Romantic-Step-12.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Know-if-a-Hug-Is-Romantic-Step-12.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Improve-Time-Management-Skills"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="4cbe66bd32dc555f804208593b5cfc70" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Improve Time Management Skills" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/6d/Improve-Time-Management-Skills-Step-13.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Improve-Time-Management-Skills-Step-13.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Improve Time Management Skills</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('4cbe66bd32dc555f804208593b5cfc70')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/6d/Improve-Time-Management-Skills-Step-13.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Improve-Time-Management-Skills-Step-13.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Develop-Productive-Habits"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="15c62183c57c2be3784986d8a110291c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Develop Productive Habits" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/5b/Develop-Productive-Habits-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Develop-Productive-Habits-Step-11.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Develop Productive Habits</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('15c62183c57c2be3784986d8a110291c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/5b/Develop-Productive-Habits-Step-11.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Develop-Productive-Habits-Step-11.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Become-Ambidextrous"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="1e6ca2c1be6e873cd7562175461569e8" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Train Yourself to Be Ambidextrous" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/9e/Become-Ambidextrous-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Become-Ambidextrous-Step-10-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Train Yourself to Be Ambidextrous</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('1e6ca2c1be6e873cd7562175461569e8')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/9e/Become-Ambidextrous-Step-10-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Become-Ambidextrous-Step-10-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Play-Chess"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="44419f4d11e0a976ce29044a15e5cac2" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Play Chess" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/06/Play-Chess-Step-28-Version-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Play-Chess-Step-28-Version-5.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Play Chess</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('44419f4d11e0a976ce29044a15e5cac2')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/06/Play-Chess-Step-28-Version-5.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Play-Chess-Step-28-Version-5.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Mew"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="f229d214dd83dfb1d5b2913308c72a3a" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="What Is Mewing and How Do You Do It?" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/21/Mew-Step-9.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Mew-Step-9.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>What Is Mewing and How Do You Do It?</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('f229d214dd83dfb1d5b2913308c72a3a')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/21/Mew-Step-9.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Mew-Step-9.jpg"/></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21a6993', 'Featured');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail12_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail12_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail12_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail13_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail13_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21a83a8" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="hp_watch"><h3>Watch Articles</h3><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Prevent-Nail-Polish-Stains"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="bf3d98e288e967fc8562aa29c18222a9" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Prevent Nail Polish Stains" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d9/Prevent-Nail-Polish-Stains-Step-7.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Prevent-Nail-Polish-Stains-Step-7.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Prevent Nail Polish Stains</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('bf3d98e288e967fc8562aa29c18222a9')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d9/Prevent-Nail-Polish-Stains-Step-7.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Prevent-Nail-Polish-Stains-Step-7.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Clean-Silver-Jewelry-with-Vinegar"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="e5c9b22ff270d9603ee70c519381eb23" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Clean Silver Jewelry with Vinegar" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a5/Clean-Silver-Jewelry-with-Vinegar-Step-11-Version-4.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Clean-Silver-Jewelry-with-Vinegar-Step-11-Version-4.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Clean Silver Jewelry with Vinegar</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('e5c9b22ff270d9603ee70c519381eb23')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a5/Clean-Silver-Jewelry-with-Vinegar-Step-11-Version-4.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Clean-Silver-Jewelry-with-Vinegar-Step-11-Version-4.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Preserve-Flowers-in-a-Jar"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="e909d8427be6c177e1f11823999657d8" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Preserve Flowers in a Jar" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/Preserve-Flowers-in-a-Jar-Step-22.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Preserve-Flowers-in-a-Jar-Step-22.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Preserve Flowers in a Jar</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('e909d8427be6c177e1f11823999657d8')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/Preserve-Flowers-in-a-Jar-Step-22.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Preserve-Flowers-in-a-Jar-Step-22.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Cover-Your-Eyebrows"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="915132dc4cb0fae5e246902b2e7a632c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Cover Your Eyebrows" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2f/Cover-Your-Eyebrows-Step-15-Version-7.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Cover-Your-Eyebrows-Step-15-Version-7.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Cover Your Eyebrows</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('915132dc4cb0fae5e246902b2e7a632c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2f/Cover-Your-Eyebrows-Step-15-Version-7.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Cover-Your-Eyebrows-Step-15-Version-7.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Make-Mineral-Water"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="6ef05d204534d9e67a1a5fd3548ef0ff" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Make Mineral Water" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8b/Make-Mineral-Water-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Make-Mineral-Water-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Make Mineral Water</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('6ef05d204534d9e67a1a5fd3548ef0ff')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8b/Make-Mineral-Water-Step-9-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Make-Mineral-Water-Step-9-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Make-Banana-Pancakes"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="f89b7594225360f4a7a7ffcbcb8bf275" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Make Banana Pancakes" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/17/Make-Banana-Pancakes-Step-29-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Make-Banana-Pancakes-Step-29-Version-2.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div>Make Banana Pancakes</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('f89b7594225360f4a7a7ffcbcb8bf275')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/17/Make-Banana-Pancakes-Step-29-Version-2.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Make-Banana-Pancakes-Step-29-Version-2.jpg"/></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21a83a8', 'hp_watch');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail14_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail14_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail14_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail15_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail15_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21a9d7f" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="hp_popular"><h3>Trending Articles</h3><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Make-a-Homemade-Pop-It"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="55bca1396ddcf1d91a1a7f425e70935c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="3 Ways to Make Your Own Pop Its" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/49/Make-a-Homemade-Pop-It-Step-12.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Make-a-Homemade-Pop-It-Step-12.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>3 Ways to Make Your Own Pop Its</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('55bca1396ddcf1d91a1a7f425e70935c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/49/Make-a-Homemade-Pop-It-Step-12.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Make-a-Homemade-Pop-It-Step-12.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Reverse-Image-Search-Instagram"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="2946a6ca665a3ba0b5f4d307285070bc" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="7 Easy Ways to Reverse Image Search on Instagram" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/29/Reverse-Image-Search-Instagram-Step-10.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Reverse-Image-Search-Instagram-Step-10.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>7 Easy Ways to Reverse Image Search on Instagram</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('2946a6ca665a3ba0b5f4d307285070bc')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/29/Reverse-Image-Search-Instagram-Step-10.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Reverse-Image-Search-Instagram-Step-10.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Lip-Shapes"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="9ffa454b7c1dbc1b6612409f71f096af" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Find Your Lip Shape: 9 Popular Types + Makeup Tips" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/20/Lip-Shapes-Step-21.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Lip-Shapes-Step-21.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Find Your Lip Shape: 9 Popular Types + Makeup Tips</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('9ffa454b7c1dbc1b6612409f71f096af')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/20/Lip-Shapes-Step-21.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Lip-Shapes-Step-21.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Eat-Hotpot"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="2f3c035dfa65469a0f1ba91b1a87b02c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Eat Hot Pot Properly: Beginner Tips & Must-Know Etiquette" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/98/Eat-Hotpot-Step-19.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Eat-Hotpot-Step-19.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Eat Hot Pot Properly: Beginner Tips & Must-Know Etiquette</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('2f3c035dfa65469a0f1ba91b1a87b02c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/98/Eat-Hotpot-Step-19.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Eat-Hotpot-Step-19.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Extract-Pages-from-a-PDF-Document-to-Create-a-New-PDF-Document"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="1707abc9f46266a41b3239deca8e000d" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt=" Extract Pages from a PDF Document to Create a New One" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7a/Extract-Pages-from-a-PDF-Document-to-Create-a-New-PDF-Document-Step-31-Version-7.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Extract-Pages-from-a-PDF-Document-to-Create-a-New-PDF-Document-Step-31-Version-7.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto">How to</div> Extract Pages from a PDF Document to Create a New One</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('1707abc9f46266a41b3239deca8e000d')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7a/Extract-Pages-from-a-PDF-Document-to-Create-a-New-PDF-Document-Step-31-Version-7.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Extract-Pages-from-a-PDF-Document-to-Create-a-New-PDF-Document-Step-31-Version-7.jpg"/></noscript></a><a class="related-wh sidebox-related-wh" href="/Rare-LEGO-Minifigures"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="2681001874f1dedc134b42b684b705fd" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="The Most Rare & Valuable LEGO Minifigures" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/02/Rare-LEGO-Minifigures-Step-27.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Rare-LEGO-Minifigures-Step-27.jpg"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>The Most Rare & Valuable LEGO Minifigures</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('2681001874f1dedc134b42b684b705fd')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/02/Rare-LEGO-Minifigures-Step-27.jpg/-crop-127-140-127px-Rare-LEGO-Minifigures-Step-27.jpg"/></noscript></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21a9d7f', 'hp_popular');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail16_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail16_ad_1')</script><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="rightrail16_ad_1" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail17_ad_1" class="rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail17_ad_1')</script></div></div><div id="sb_67425d21ab890" class="sidebox sidebox-articles" data-section-name="quizzes"><h3>Quizzes</h3><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/What-Disney-Princess-Are-You"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="375a8edd4dae09440b9d24c690b0aada" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="What Disney Princess Am I Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/21/What_disney_princess_are_you.png/-crop-127-140-127px-What_disney_princess_are_you.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>What Disney Princess Am I Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('375a8edd4dae09440b9d24c690b0aada')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/21/What_disney_princess_are_you.png/-crop-127-140-127px-What_disney_princess_are_you.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Phobia-Test"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="3d3283ebbcc88469ad1a5d78967a431c" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Do I Have a Phobia Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/fb/Phobia_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Phobia_quiz.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Do I Have a Phobia Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('3d3283ebbcc88469ad1a5d78967a431c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/fb/Phobia_quiz.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Phobia_quiz.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Guess-My-Age"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="6a1554d4254b92d502cbb26fc5ed6727" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Guess My Age Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/74/Guess-my-age-image-%281%29.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Guess-my-age-image-%281%29.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Guess My Age Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('6a1554d4254b92d502cbb26fc5ed6727')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/74/Guess-my-age-image-%281%29.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Guess-my-age-image-%281%29.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Genius-Test"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="0f18d34958556974701352e378ef1366" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Am I a Genius Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/cf/Genius_test.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Genius_test.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Am I a Genius Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('0f18d34958556974701352e378ef1366')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/cf/Genius_test.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Genius_test.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/Depression-Test"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="c0c8ed11a5ced3e6f882c461db64ecf7" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="Depression Test" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b3/Depression-Test.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Depression-Test.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>Depression Test</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('c0c8ed11a5ced3e6f882c461db64ecf7')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b3/Depression-Test.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Depression-Test.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><a class="related-wh related-wh-quiz" href="/What-Human-Emotion-Am-I-Quiz"><div class="content-spacer"><img id="d623c3b0d0715fe07305ebe4819bcb20" class="scrolldefer content-fill" alt="What Human Emotion Am I Quiz" width="127" height="140" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/45/Human-emotion.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Human-emotion.png"/><span class="related-wh-title sidebox-related-wh-title"><div class="related-wh-howto"></div>What Human Emotion Am I Quiz</span></div><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('d623c3b0d0715fe07305ebe4819bcb20')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/45/Human-emotion.png/-crop-127-140-127px-Human-emotion.png"/></noscript><span class="related-wh-quiz-button">Take Quiz</span></a><div class="clearall"></div></div><script>if(typeof WH.ads != 'undefined'){WH.ads.addExtraRRElemement('sb_67425d21ab890', 'quizzes');}</script><div class="rrdoublewrap"><div class="rrdoubleinner"><div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container" data-service="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2" data-size="[300, 250]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-refreshable="1" data-viewablerefresh="1" data-first-refresh-time="30000" data-refresh-time="28000" data-aps-timeout="800" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-innerclass="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad" data-type="rightrail" data-large="1" data-channels="3614436449" data-rightrailmore="1" data-rrtarget="none" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-rght-2" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[300, 250]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits="{"appnexus":[["19512203",[300,250]],["19512204",[300,600]],["19512207",[160,600]],["19512206",[120,600]]],"pubmatic":[["2946786",[300,250]],["2946788",[300,600]],["2946816",[160,600]],["2946817",[120,600]]],"ix":[["531042",[300,250]],["531043",[300,600]],["531045",[160,600]],["531044",[120,600]]],"amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753132","shemedia":"2952570","openx":[["541138158",[300,250]],["541138159",[300,600]],["541138161",[160,600]],["541138160",[120,600]]],"triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_rght2_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365407b70330","yieldmo":[["2508866731389165650",[300,250]],["2508866731498217555",[300,600]],["2508866731573715028",[160,600]],["2508866731657601109",[120,600]]],"grid":168935,"medianet":"155853165","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_rght2","sharethrough":"QdqFVSPLRV5oZNThNKyH9cpm"}"><div id="rightrail18_ad_1" class="w_label al_grey rightrail_ad rightraildouble_ad blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail18_ad_1')</script></div></div></div><br class="clearall"></div><br class="clearall"><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods", "name": "How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "id": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-1200px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg", "width": 1200, "height": 899 }, "author": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/wikiHow", "https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/WikiHow" ] }, "datePublished": "2008-05-08", "dateModified": "2024-09-24", "publisher": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/wikiHow", "https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/WikiHow" ] }, "description": "The ultimate guide to viewing old versions of websitesHave you wondered what a website looked like in the past? Well, you can know! The Wayback Machine is an archival tool that contains a large collection of archived sites from the past...." }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "HowTo", "headline": "How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods", "name": "How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-1200px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg", "width": 1200, "height": 899 }, "author": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/wikiHow", "https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/WikiHow" ] }, "datePublished": "2008-05-08", "dateModified": "2024-09-24", "publisher": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/wikiHow", "https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/WikiHow" ] }, "step": [ { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "Viewing Archived Websites", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Go to https:\/\/web.archive.org in your web browser. You can use the Wayback Machine to see older versions of websites on any computer, phone, or tablet.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-1-Version-4.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-00" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Enter the website you want to view and press \u21b5 Enter. You can type the full URL into the field labeled \"Enter a URL or words related to a site's homepage.\"\n\nIf you don't know the address of the website, type its name (or some keywords that describe it) into the field instead.\nEntering an address like https:\/\/www.wikihow.com will yield different results than entering https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine.\nIf you search for a name or keyword, you'll see a list of suggested sites to peruse. Click or tap the URL and then continue to the next step.\nAlternatively, you can click the Web tab at the top of the page and use the drop-down menu to search for archived websites or archive an existing website.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-2-Version-4.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-01" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Select a year on the bar graph. By default, you'll be taken to the current year on the bar graph that runs along the top of the page. There are black bars that show how many times the Wayback Machine archived the page during that year. Click an area above a year to see a 12-month calendar showing each date in that year.\nNote: If there are no black bars on the year you want to view, no website snapshots were taken that year.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e6\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-4-Version-4.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-02" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Click a date on the calendar. Depending on the site you search for, you'll usually see green and\/or blue circles around some of the calendar dates. If a date is circled, a snapshot of the site is available from that date. Clicking the date displays the archived version of the website.\n\nIf a website was archived multiple times on one day, the circle around the date will be a little larger. Hover your mouse cursor over the date to see the list of archive times, then select a time to view that version.\nIf you see an error when you click a date or time, the site may be set up to ignore the Wayback Machine's web crawler. Errors can also mean that the website was unreachable at the time.\nDepending on how the site was archived, you may be able to click links on the page to see other archived content. Unfortunately, clicking links on an archived site will usually produce an error.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-5-Version-3.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-03" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Browse other archived versions of the site. The bar graph from the previous page runs along the top of the archived website. You can use it to check out the same site on other dates. Use the blue arrows to jump to the previous or next archived snapshot, or click a different date to view it.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/23\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-6-Version-4.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-04" } ] }, { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "Archiving a Website", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Go to https:\/\/web.archive.org in your web browser. You can use a computer, phone, or tablet to tell the Wayback Machine to take a snapshot of a specific website. This feature is handy if you plan to use the site's current form as a citation in the future.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/59\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-7-Version-4.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-15" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Type the URL of the site you want to save into the \"Save Page Now\" field. It's in the bottom-right portion of the page. URL can be acquired by performing the following:\nTip: Be specific when entering an address. The Wayback Machine only archives content on one page, not other linked pages. For example, to archive this page, you'd need to enter https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine. If you were to use https:\/\/www.wikihow.com, you'd only be archiving wikiHow's front page.\n\nTo get the full URL to the site you want to archive, visit that site in a web browser, and then copy the address from the address bar at the top of the screen.\nAlternatively, you can click the Web tab at the top of the page and use the drop-down menu to search for archived websites or archive an existing website.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-8-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-16" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Click the SAVE PAGE button. It's the light gray button to the right of the text box. This displays the website and the text \"Saving page now\" at the top-left corner. That text will disappear once the site is saved.\nThe Wayback Machine cannot archive some websites due to their configuration. If you see an error, it's usually because the site's owner has chosen to ignore the Wayback Machine's web crawler.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine-Step-9-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine#step-id-17" } ] } ], "description": "The ultimate guide to viewing old versions of websitesHave you wondered what a website looked like in the past? Well, you can know! The Wayback Machine is an archival tool that contains a large collection of archived sites from the past...." }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com", "name": "wikiHow" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Category:Computers-and-Electronics", "name": "Computers and Electronics" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Category:Internet", "name": "Internet" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine", "name": "How to Use the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine: 2 Methods" } } ] }</script> <div id="fb-root" ></div> <div id="footer" role="navigation"> <div id="footer_inner"> <a href='/Main-Page' id="footer_logo"> <img src='/skins/owl/images/wikihow_logo_intl.png' width='162' height='42' alt='wikiHow' /> </a> <div id="footer_crumbs"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="/Special:CategoryListing" title="Special:CategoryListing">Categories</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Computers-and-Electronics" title="Category:Computers and Electronics">Computers and Electronics</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Internet" title="Category:Internet">Internet</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer_top_divider" class="footer_divider"></div> <div id="footer_vertical_divider"></div> <div id="footer_newsletter"> <div id="footer_subscribe_icon"></div> <div id="footer_subscribe_title">wikiHow Newsletter</div> <div id="footer_subscribe_confirm_text">You're all set!</div> <div id="footer_subscribe_text">Helpful how-tos delivered to<br/>your inbox every week!</div> <input type="email" class="news_sub_element email_input" id="footer_subscribe_email" placeholder="Enter your email"/> <a href="#" id="footer_subscribe_button" class="button news_sub_element email_submit">Sign me up!</a> <div id="footer_subscribe_notice" class="news_sub_element">By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy.</div> </div> <div id="footer_newsletter_divider" class="footer_divider"></div> <div id="search_footer" class="wh_search " role="search"> <div class="cse_x" role="button"></div> <form action="/wikiHowTo" id="cse-search-box-bottom"> <div> <input type="text" class="cse_q search_box" id='search_field_bottom' name="search" value="" placeholder="How to Browse and Archive Websites with the Wayback Machine" x-webkit-speech aria-label="Search here" /> <input type="submit" value="" class="cse_sa" alt="" name="Search"/> </div> </form> </div>  <div id="footer_links"> <ul> <li><a href="/Main-Page" title="Main Page">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/About-wikiHow" class="mw-redirect" title="About wikiHow">About wikiHow</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wikihow.com/Experts">Experts</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Jobs" title="wikiHow:Jobs">Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Contact-Us" title="wikiHow:Contact Us">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Special:Sitemap" title="Special:Sitemap">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Terms-of-Use" title="wikiHow:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Privacy-Policy" title="wikiHow:Privacy Policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa" href="#">Do Not <span class="ccpa_footer_extra">Sell or </span>Share My Info</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa_optout" href="#">Not Selling Info</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Contribute">Contribute</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="sf"> <div> <p>Follow Us</p> <a id="sf_pin" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.pinterest.com/wikihow/_created/" target="_blank" title="Pinterest"></a><a id="sf_ig" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.instagram.com/wikihow/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"></a><a id="sf_tktk" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@wikihow?lang=en" target="_blank" title="TikTok"></a><a id="sf_fb" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/wikiHow/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"></a><a id="sf_tt" class="sf_icon" href="https://x.com/wikihow" target="_blank" title="Twitter"></a><a id="sf_yt" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/wikihow" target="_blank" title="YouTube"></a><a id="sf_nl" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.wikihow.com/Newsletters" target="_blank" title="Newsletter"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='sliderbox' class=" green tech" data-color="green"> <div id='slider_container'> <button id='slider_close_button' on="tap:sliderbox.hide">×</button> <div class='slider_content'> <p id='slider_big_headline'>Keep up with the latest tech with wikiHow's free Tech Help Newsletter</p> <input placeholder="Email Address" id="slider_subscribe_email" data-newsletter_type="tech" type="text"/><a id="slider_button" class='button slider_subscribe_button email_input' data-event_type="tech newsletter - variation 8" href="#">Subscribe</a> <div id="slider_subscribe_confirm_text">You're all set!</div> </div> </div> </div> <script>if (window.document.documentMode) {document.getElementById('sliderbox').parentNode.removeChild(document.getElementById('sliderbox'));}</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/extensions/min/f/_ads/gads.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/x/zscsucgm?"></script> <script> window.WH = window.WH || {}; WH.hasAdBlockers = ( window._ads !== 2 ); </script> <div id="article_courses_banner" > <a href="#" id="acb_close">X</a> <div> <div> <h4 id="acb_header"></h4> <p id="acb_text"></p> </div> <div> <a class="button" href="/Course/Explore?utm_source=wikihow&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=coursebanner" id="acb_button"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap"> <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar"> <div class="pswp__method_high"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></div> <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </div> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> <div class="pswp__caption__info"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__method"></div> <div class="pswp__counter"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='maticons_for_googlefc'>-</div><div class='opensans_for_googlefc'>-</div><img width='1' height='0' id='comscore_px' src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=8003466&cv=3.9.1&cj=1'></div></div><div id="servedtime" data-app="app3" style="display:none">389</div><script async="" src="/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&siterev=1q6qv&skin=wh&target=mobile"></script> <noscript> <style> .mwimg a.image{display:none}#header_logo{display:none}#cse-search-box{display:none}#cse-search-box-noscript{display:block !important}#cse-search-box-noscript .cse_q{color:#FFF;background-color:#B3CE9C}.wh_search .cse_q{width:88%}#mw-mf-main-menu-button{display:none;visibility:hidden}.header .search{display:none}#search_footer .cse_sa{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/white_mag.png);background-size:22px}.related_box{display:block;background:#EEE;border:5px solid #FFF;vertical-align:bottom;width:127px;background-size:180px;float:left;height:120px;position:relative}.related_box p{line-height:15px !important;font-size:13px;background-color:rgba(67,95,44,.4);color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;padding:8px;margin:0 !important;position:absolute;bottom:0}#noscript_header_logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;background-position:50% 77%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/wikihow_logo_230.png);background-size:105px;width:auto;height:51px;padding:0 14px}.articleinfo{display:none}#iorg_free_data{z-index:50;width:100%;position:fixed}#ara_recommendations{display:none}</style> </noscript><script> var whef="Fh6V0Dey89/WtULY5n5SE"; </script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.029","walltime":"0.040","ppvisitednodes":{"value":404,"limit":1000000},"ppgeneratednodes":{"value":6149,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":3543,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":269,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":100},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3275,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 23.520 1 -total"," 18.65% 4.387 1 Template:Keypress"," 17.03% 4.005 1 Video:Use-the-Internet-Archive\u0026#039;s-Wayback-Machine"," 13.38% 3.146 1 Template:Keypress/core"," 12.59% 2.962 1 Template:Fa"," 10.03% 2.359 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.27% 2.181 1 Template:Button"," 8.56% 2.014 1 Summary:Use-the-Internet-Archive\u0026#039;s-Wayback-Machine"," 6.90% 1.624 4 Template:Kbd"," 3.56% 0.837 1 Template:Curatevideo"]},"cachereport":{"timestamp":"20241122225615","ttl":86400,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":390});});</script><script>if ( WH.shared.isDesktopSize && WH.hasAdBlockers ) { var newScript = document.createElement('script'); newScript.async = true; newScript.type = 'text/javascript'; // 'videoplayerhub.com' is sometimes blocked, as it appears in: // https://github.com/easylist/easylist/blob/master/easyprivacy/easyprivacy_trackingservers.txt newScript.src = 'https://wikihow-com.videoplayerhub.com/galleryloader.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(newScript, node); } </script></body></html>