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sections</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: flat sections"> <meta name="keywords" content="flat sections"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="flat sections"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1443</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: flat sections</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1353</span> Single Phase Fluid Flow in Series of Microchannel Connected via Converging-Diverging Section with or without Throat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Chandra">Abhishek Kumar Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaushal%20Kishor"> Kaushal Kishor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Khan"> Wasim Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhananjay%20Singh"> Dhananjay Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Alam"> M. S. Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single phase fluid flow through series of uniform microchannels connected via transition section (converging-diverging section with or without throat) was analytically and numerically studied to characterize the flow within the channel and in the transition sections. Three sets of microchannels of diameters 100, 184, and 249 μm were considered for investigation. Each set contains 10 numbers of microchannels of length 20 mm, connected to each other in series via transition sections. Transition section consists of either converging-diverging section with throat or without throat. The effect of non-uniformity in microchannels on pressure drop was determined by passing water/air through the set of channels for Reynolds number 50 to 1000. Compressibility and rarefaction effects in transition sections were also tested analytically and numerically for air flow. The analytical and numerical results show that these configurations can be used in enhancement of transport processes. However, converging-diverging section without throat shows superior performance over with throat configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraction-expansion%20flow" title="contraction-expansion flow">contraction-expansion flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20microchannel" title=" integrated microchannel"> integrated microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel%20network" title=" microchannel network"> microchannel network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20phase%20flow" title=" single phase flow"> single phase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75976/single-phase-fluid-flow-in-series-of-microchannel-connected-via-converging-diverging-section-with-or-without-throat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1352</span> Morphological Process of Villi Detachment Assessed by Computer-Assisted 3D Reconstruction of Intestinal Crypt from Serial Ultrathin Sections of Rat Duodenum Mucosa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lise%20P.%20Lab%C3%A9jof">Lise P. Labéjof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivna%20Moror%C3%B3"> Ivna Mororó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raquel%20G.%20Bastos"> Raquel G. Bastos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Isabel%20G.%20Severo"> Maria Isabel G. Severo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arno%20H.%20de%20Oliveira"> Arno H. de Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents an alternative mode of intestine mucosa renewal that may allow to better understand the total loss of villi after irradiation. It was tested a morphological method of 3d reconstruction using micrographs of serial sections of rat duodenum. We used hundreds of sections of each specimen of duodenum placed on glass slides and examined under a light microscope. Those containing the detachment, approximately a dozen, were chosen for observation under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Each of these sections was glued on a block of epon resin and recut into a hundred of 60 nm-thick sections. Ribbons of these ultrathin sections were distributed on a series of copper grids in the same order of appearance than during the process of microstomia. They were then stained by solutions of uranyl and lead salts and observed under a TEM. The sections were pictured and the electron micrographs showing signs of cells detachment were transferred into two softwares, ImageJ to align the cellular structures and Reconstruct to realize the 3d reconstruction. It has been detected epithelial cells that exhibited all signs of programmed cell death and localized at the villus-crypt junction. Their nucleus was irregular in shape with a condensed chromatin in clumps. Their cytoplasm was darker than that of neighboring cells, containing many swollen mitochondria. In some places of the sections, we could see intercellular spaces enlarged by the presence of shrunk cells which displayed a plasma membrane with an irregular shape in thermowell as if the cell interdigitations would distant from each other. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the crypts has allowed observe gradual loss of intercellular contacts of crypt cells in the longitudinal plan of the duodenal mucosa. In the transverse direction, there was a gradual increase of the intercellular space as if these cells moved away from one another. This observation allows assume that the gradual remoteness of the cells at the villus-crypt junction is the beginning of the mucosa detachment. Thus, the shrinking of cells due to apoptosis is the way that they detach from the mucosa and progressively the villi also. These results are in agreement with our initial hypothesis and thus have demonstrated that the villi become detached from the mucosa at the villus-crypt junction by the programmed cell death process. This type of loss of entire villus helps explain the rapid denudation of the intestinal mucosa in case of irradiation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3dr" title="3dr">3dr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20electron%20microscopy" title=" transmission electron microscopy"> transmission electron microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionizing%20radiations" title=" ionizing radiations"> ionizing radiations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat%20small%20intestine" title=" rat small intestine"> rat small intestine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41139/morphological-process-of-villi-detachment-assessed-by-computer-assisted-3d-reconstruction-of-intestinal-crypt-from-serial-ultrathin-sections-of-rat-duodenum-mucosa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1351</span> Simulations of a Jet Impinging on a Flat Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20Mankbadi">Reda Mankbadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we explore the use of a second-order unstructured-grid, finite-volume code for direct noise prediction. We consider a Mach 1.5 jet impinging on a perpendicular flat plate. Hybrid LES-RANS simulations are used to calculate directly both the flow field and the radiated sound. The ANSYS Fluent commercial code is utilized for the calculations. The acoustic field is obtained directly from the simulations and is compared with the integral approach of Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH). Results indicate the existence of a preferred radiation angle. The spectrum obtained is in good agreement with observations. This points out to the possibility of handling the effects of complicated geometries on noise radiation by using unstructured second-orders codes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ffowcs%20Williams-Hawkings%20%28FWH%29" title=" Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH)"> Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imping%20jet" title=" imping jet"> imping jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20fluent%20commercial%20code" title=" ANSYS fluent commercial code"> ANSYS fluent commercial code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20LES-RANS%20simulations" title=" hybrid LES-RANS simulations"> hybrid LES-RANS simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28525/simulations-of-a-jet-impinging-on-a-flat-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1350</span> Integrating Service Learning into a Business Analytics Course: A Comparative Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Egilmez">Gokhan Egilmez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20Hatfield"> Erika Hatfield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julie%20Turner"> Julie Turner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we investigated the impacts of service-learning integration on an undergraduate level business analytics course from multiple perspectives, including academic proficiency, community awareness, engagement, social responsibility, and reflection. We assessed the impact of the service-learning experience by using a survey developed primarily based on the literature review and secondarily on an ad hoc group of researchers. Then, we implemented the survey in two sections, where one of the sections was a control group. We compared the results of the empirical survey visually and statistically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20analytics" title="business analytics">business analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20learning" title=" service learning"> service learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiential%20education" title=" experiential education"> experiential education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey%20research" title=" survey research"> survey research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151733/integrating-service-learning-into-a-business-analytics-course-a-comparative-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1349</span> Numerical Study of an Impinging Jet in a Coflow Stream</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rim%20Ben%20Kalifa">Rim Ben Kalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabra%20Habli"> Sabra Habli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nejla%20Mahjoub%20Sa%C3%AFd"> Nejla Mahjoub Saïd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herv%C3%A9%20Bournot"> Hervé Bournot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georges%20Le%20Palec"> Georges Le Palec</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study treats different phenomena taking place in a configuration of air jet impinging on a flat surface in a coflow stream. A Computational Fluid Dynamics study is performed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations by means of the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) second order turbulent closure model. The results include mean and turbulent velocities and quantify the large effects of the coflow stream on an impinging air jet. The study of the jet in a no-directed coflow stream shows the presence of a phenomenon of recirculation near the flat plate. The influence of the coflow velocity ratio on the behavior of an impinging plane jet was also numerically investigated. The coflow stream imposed noticeable restrictions on the spreading of the impinging jet. The results show that the coflow stream decreases considerably the entrainment of air jet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20jet" title="turbulent jet">turbulent jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20models" title=" turbulence models"> turbulence models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coflow%20stream" title=" coflow stream"> coflow stream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20ratio" title=" velocity ratio"> velocity ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42629/numerical-study-of-an-impinging-jet-in-a-coflow-stream" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1348</span> Integrating Technology in Teaching and Learning Mathematics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larry%20Wang">Larry Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how an online homework system is integrated in teaching and learning mathematics and how it improves the student success rates in some gateway mathematics courses. WeBWork provided by the Mathematical Association of America is adopted as the online homework system. During the period of 2010-2015, the system was implemented in classes of precalculus, calculus, probability and statistics, discrete mathematics, linear algebra, and differential equations. As a result, the passing rates of the sections with WeBWork are well above other sections without WeBWork (about 7-10% higher). The paper also shows how the WeBWork system was used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gateway%20mathematics" title="gateway mathematics">gateway mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20grading" title=" online grading"> online grading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pass%20rate" title=" pass rate"> pass rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WeBWorK" title=" WeBWorK"> WeBWorK</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49810/integrating-technology-in-teaching-and-learning-mathematics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1347</span> Combined Tarsal Coalition Resection and Arthroereisis in Treatment of Symptomatic Rigid Flat Foot in Pediatric Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Zaidman">Michael Zaidman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naum%20Simanovsky"> Naum Simanovsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction. Symptomatic tarsal coalition with rigid flat foot often demands operative solution. An isolated coalition resection does not guarantee pain relief; correction of co-existing foot deformity may be required. The objective of the study was to analyze the results of combination of tarsal coalition resection and arthroereisis. Patients and methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and radiographs of children operatively treated in our institution for symptomatic calcaneonavicular or talocalcaneal coalition between the years 2019 and 2022. Eight patients (twelve feet), 4 boys and 4 girls with mean age 11.2 years, were included in the study. In six patients (10 feet) calcaneonavicular coalition was diagnosed, two patients (two feet) sustained talonavicular coalition. To quantify degrees of foot deformity, we used calcaneal pitch angle, lateral talar-first metatarsal (Meary's) angle, and talonavicular coverage angle. The clinical results were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle Hindfoot Score. Results. The mean follow-up was 28 month. The preoperative mean talonavicular coverage angle was 17,75º as compared with postoperative mean angle of 5.4º. The calcaneal pitch angle improved from mean 6,8º to 16,4º. The mean preoperative Meary’s angle of -11.3º improved to mean 2.8º. The preoperative mean AOFAS score improved from 54.7 to 93.1 points post-operatively. In nine of twelve feet, overall clinical outcome judged by AOFAS scale was excellent (90-100 points), in three feet was good (80-90 points). Six patients (ten feet) obviously improved their subtalar range of motion. Conclusion. For symptomatic stiff or rigid flat feet associated with tarsal coalition, the combination of coalition resection and arthroereisis leads to normalization of radiographic parameters, clinical and functional improvement with good patient’s satisfaction and likely to be more effective than the isolated procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigid%20flat%20foot" title="rigid flat foot">rigid flat foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tarsal%20coalition%20resection" title=" tarsal coalition resection"> tarsal coalition resection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arthroereisis" title=" arthroereisis"> arthroereisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcome" title=" outcome"> outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174910/combined-tarsal-coalition-resection-and-arthroereisis-in-treatment-of-symptomatic-rigid-flat-foot-in-pediatric-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1346</span> Determination of Stresses in Vlasov Beam Sections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semih%20Erdogan">Semih Erdogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the normal and shear stress distributions in Vlasov beams are determined by two-dimensional triangular finite element formulations. The proposed formulations take into account the warping effects along the beam axis. The shape of the considered beam sections may be arbitrary and varied throughout its length. The stiffness matrices and force vectors are derived for transversal forces, uniform torsion, and nonuniform torsion. The proposed finite element algorithm is validated by comparing the analytical solutions, structural engineering books, and related articles. The numerical examples include beams with different cross-section types such as solid, thick-walled, closed-thin-walled, and open-thin-walled sections. Materials defined in the examples are homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic. Through these examples, the study demonstrates the capability of the proposed method to address a wide range of practical engineering scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vlasov%20beams" title="Vlasov beams">Vlasov beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warping%20function" title=" warping function"> warping function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonuniform%20torsion" title=" nonuniform torsion"> nonuniform torsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20and%20shear%20stresses" title=" normal and shear stresses"> normal and shear stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-section%20properties" title=" cross-section properties"> cross-section properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181589/determination-of-stresses-in-vlasov-beam-sections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1345</span> A Novel Design of a Low Cost Wideband Wilkinson Power Divider</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sardi">A. Sardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20El%20Abdellaoui"> L. El Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents analysis and design of a wideband Wilkinson power divider for wireless applications. The design is accomplished by transforming the lengths and impedances of the quarter wavelength sections of the conventional Wilkinson power divider into U-shaped sections. The designed power divider is simulated by using ADS Agilent technologies and CST microwave studio software. It is shown that the proposed power divider has simple topology and good performances in terms of insertion loss, port matching and isolation at all operating frequencies (1.8 GHz, 2.45 GHz and 3.55 GHz). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADS%20agilent%20technologies" title="ADS agilent technologies">ADS agilent technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CST%20microwave%20studio" title=" CST microwave studio"> CST microwave studio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip" title=" microstrip"> microstrip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wideband" title=" wideband"> wideband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wilkinson%20power%20divider" title=" wilkinson power divider"> wilkinson power divider</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15409/a-novel-design-of-a-low-cost-wideband-wilkinson-power-divider" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1344</span> Work Related Outcomes of Perceived Authentic Leadership: Moderating Role of Organizational Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Zubair">Aisha Zubair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Kamal"> Anila Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leadership styles and practices greatly influence the organizational effectiveness and productivity. It also plays an important role in employees’ experiences of positive emotions at workplace and creative work behaviors. Authentic leadership as a newly emerging concept has been found as a significant predictor of various desirable work related outcomes. However, leadership practices and its work related outcomes, to a great extent, are determined by the very nature of the organizational structures (tall and flat). Tall organizations are characterized by multiple hierarchical layers with predominant vertical communication patterns, and narrow span of control; while flat organizations are featured by few layers of management employing both horizontal and vertical communication styles, and wide span of control. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the work related outcomes of perceived authentic leadership; that is work related flow and creative work behavior among employees of flat and tall organizations. Moreover, it was also intended to determine the moderating role of organizational structure (flat and tall) in the relationship between perceived authentic leadership with work related flow and creative work behavior. In this regard, two types of companies have been considered; that is, banks as a form of tall organizational structure with multiple hierarchical structures while software companies have been considered as flat organizations with minimal layers of management. Respondents (N = 1180) were full time regular employees of marketing departments of banks (600) and software companies (580) including both men and women with age range of 22-52 years (M = 33.24; SD = 7.81). Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded factor structures of measures of work related flow and creative work behavior in accordance to the theoretical models. However, model of authentic leadership exhibited variation in terms of two items which were not included in the final measure of the perceived authentic leadership. Results showed that perceived authentic leadership was positively associated with work related flow and creative work behavior. Likewise, work related flow was positively aligned with creative work behavior. Furthermore, type of organizational structure significantly moderated the relationship of perceived authentic leadership with work related flow and creative work behavior. Results of independent sample t-test showed that employees working in flat organization reflected better perceptions of authentic leadership; higher work related flow and elevated levels of creative work behavior as compared to those working in tall organizations. It was also found that employees with extended job experience and more job duration in the same organization displayed better perceptions of authentic leadership, reported more work related flow and augmented levels of creative work behavior. Findings of the present study distinctively highlighted the similarities as well as differences in the interactions of major constructs which function differentially in the context of tall (banks) and flat (software companies) organizations. Implications of the present study for employees and management as well as future recommendations were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20work%20behavior" title="creative work behavior">creative work behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20structure" title=" organizational structure"> organizational structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20authentic%20leadership" title=" perceived authentic leadership"> perceived authentic leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20related%20flow" title=" work related flow"> work related flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42295/work-related-outcomes-of-perceived-authentic-leadership-moderating-role-of-organizational-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1343</span> Study the Behavior of Different Composite Short Columns (DST) with Prismatic Sections under Bending Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sadeghi%20Balkanlou">V. Sadeghi Balkanlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Reza%20Bagerzadeh%20Karimi"> M. Reza Bagerzadeh Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hasanbakloo"> A. Hasanbakloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bagheri%20Azar"> B. Bagheri Azar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the behavior of different types of DST columns has been studied under bending load. Briefly, composite columns consist of an internal carbon steel tube and an external stainless steel wall that the between the walls are filled with concrete. Composite columns are expected to combine the advantages of all three materials and have the advantage of high flexural stiffness of CFDST columns. In this research, ABAQUS software is used for finite element analysis then the results of ultimate strength of the composite sections are illustrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DST" title="DST">DST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title=" carbon steel"> carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQUS" title=" ABAQUS"> ABAQUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=straigh%20columns" title=" straigh columns"> straigh columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tapered%20columns" title=" tapered columns "> tapered columns </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10873/study-the-behavior-of-different-composite-short-columns-dst-with-prismatic-sections-under-bending-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1342</span> The Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Effective Atomic Cross Sections, Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities of Some Halides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivalinge%20Gowda">Shivalinge Gowda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The total mass attenuation coefficients m/r, of some halides such as, NaCl, KCl, CuCl, NaBr, KBr, RbCl, AgCl, NaI, KI, AgBr, CsI, HgCl<sub>2</sub>, CdI<sub>2</sub> and HgI<sub>2</sub> were determined at photon energies 279.2, 320.07, 514.0, 661.6, 1115.5, 1173.2 and 1332.5 keV in a well-collimated narrow beam good geometry set-up using a high resolution, hyper pure germanium detector. The mass attenuation coefficients and the effective atomic cross sections are found to be in good agreement with the XCOM values. From these mass attenuation coefficients, the effective atomic cross sections s<sub>a,</sub> of the compounds were determined. These effective atomic cross section s<sub>a</sub> data so obtained are then used to compute the effective atomic numbers Z<sub>eff</sub>. For this, the interpolation of total attenuation cross-sections of photons of energy E in elements of atomic number Z was performed by using the logarithmic regression analysis of the data measured by the authors and reported earlier for the above said energies along with XCOM data for standard energies. The best-fit coefficients in the photon energy range of 250 to 350 keV, 350 to 500 keV, 500 to 700 keV, 700 to 1000 keV and 1000 to 1500 keV by a piecewise interpolation method were then used to find the Z<sub>eff</sub> of the compounds with respect to the effective atomic cross section s<sub>a</sub> from the relation obtained by piece wise interpolation method. Using these Z<sub>eff</sub> values, the electron densities N<sub>el</sub> of halides were also determined. The present Z<sub>eff</sub> and N<sub>el</sub> values of halides are found to be in good agreement with the values calculated from XCOM data and other available published values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20attenuation%20coefficient" title="mass attenuation coefficient">mass attenuation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20cross-section" title=" atomic cross-section"> atomic cross-section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20atomic%20number" title=" effective atomic number"> effective atomic number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20density" title=" electron density"> electron density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50583/the-mass-attenuation-coefficients-effective-atomic-cross-sections-effective-atomic-numbers-and-electron-densities-of-some-halides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1341</span> Study of Heat Transfer in the Absorber Plates of a Flat-Plate Solar Collector Using Dual-Phase-Lag Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ching%20Yang">Yu-Ching Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haw-Long%20Lee"> Haw-Long Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Win-Jin%20Chang"> Win-Jin Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work numerically analyzes the transient heat transfer in the absorber plates of a flat-plate solar collector based on the dual-phase-lag (DPL) heat conduction model. An efficient numerical scheme involving the hybrid application of the Laplace transform and control volume methods is used to solve the linear hyperbolic heat conduction equation. This work also examines the effect of different medium parameters on the behavior of heat transfer. Results show that, while the heat-flux phase lag induces thermal waves in the medium, the temperature-gradient phase lag smoothens the thermal waves by promoting non-Fourier diffusion-like conduction into the medium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorber%20plates" title="absorber plates">absorber plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-phase-lag" title=" dual-phase-lag"> dual-phase-lag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Fourier" title=" non-Fourier"> non-Fourier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46764/study-of-heat-transfer-in-the-absorber-plates-of-a-flat-plate-solar-collector-using-dual-phase-lag-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1340</span> An Analysis of Interactional Metadiscourse Devices in Communication Arts Research Articles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woravit%20Kitjaroenpaiboon">Woravit Kitjaroenpaiboon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanyarat%20Getkham"> Kanyarat Getkham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This corpus analysis is a quantitative study which intended to investigate the uses of four main interactional metadiscourse devices including fourteen sub-devices in the introduction and the discussion sections of the twenty communication arts research articles taken from Online Journal of Communication and Media technologies by applying ‘AntConc’ software and PASW 18.0. The findings reveal that the three most frequently used devices in the introduction parts are attitudinal marker (adjective), booster (verb), and hedge (modal verb) while the three most frequently found devices in the discussion sections are attitudinal marker (adjective), hedge (modal verb) and booster (verb). There are nine sub-interactional metadiscourse devices among each of which significant difference exist in both introduction and discussion sections. They are attitudinal marker (adverb), attitudinal marker (adjective), booster (verb), booster (adverb), booster (adjective), hedge (modal verb), hedge (lexical verb), hedge (adverb), and hedge (adjective), while another five sub-interactional metadiscourse devices; self-mention, attitudinal marker (verb), attitudinal marker (noun), hedge (noun), and Hedge (phraseology) are found to have has no significant difference between the uses of each device in the introduction and discussion sections. The results also revealed that low and positive relationships exist among thirteen devices. One device which has no relationship with others is attitudinal marker (verb). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20analysis" title="corpus analysis">corpus analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactional%20metadiscourse%20devices" title=" interactional metadiscourse devices"> interactional metadiscourse devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20arts%20research%20articles" title=" communication arts research articles"> communication arts research articles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20technologies" title=" media technologies"> media technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31598/an-analysis-of-interactional-metadiscourse-devices-in-communication-arts-research-articles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1339</span> Capacity Loss of Urban Arterial Roads under the Influence of Bus Stop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sai%20Chand">Sai Chand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Dhamaniya"> Ashish Dhamaniya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Chandra"> Satish Chandra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Curbside bus stops are provided on urban roads when sufficient land is not available to construct bus bays. The present study demonstrates the effect of curbside bus stops on midblock capacity of an urban arterial road. Data were collected on seven sections of 6-lane urban arterial roads in New Delhi. Three sections were selected without any side friction to estimate the base value of capacity. Remaining four sections were with curbside bus stop. Speed and volume data were collected in field and these data were used to estimate the capacity of a section. The average base midblock capacity of a 6–lane divided urban road was found to be 6314 PCU/hr which was further referred as base capacity. Effect of curbside bus stop on midblock capacity of urban road was evaluated by comparing the capacity of a section with curbside bus stop with that of the base capacity. Finally, a mathematical relation has been developed between bus frequency and capacity loss. Also a relation has been suggested between dwell time and capacity loss. The developed relations would be very useful for practising engineers to estimate capacity loss due to bus stop. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20frequency" title="bus frequency">bus frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20stops" title=" bus stops"> bus stops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20loss" title=" capacity loss"> capacity loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20arterial" title=" urban arterial"> urban arterial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8595/capacity-loss-of-urban-arterial-roads-under-the-influence-of-bus-stop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1338</span> Analytical Study of Flexural Strength of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maru%20R.">Maru R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singh%20V.%20P."> Singh V. P.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, analytical study of the flexural strength of Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) beams is carried out based on wide-range finite element models to obtain the better perspective for flexural strength achievement with the use of ABAQUS finite element program. This work adopts concrete damaged plasticity model to get the actual simulation of CFST under bending. To get the decent interaction between concrete and steel, normal and tangential surface interaction provided by ABAQUS is used with hard contact for normal surface interaction and for 0.65 friction coefficient for tangential surface interactions. In this study, rectangular and square CFST beam model cross-sections are adopted with its limits pertained to Eurocode specifications. To get the visualization for flexural strength of CFST beams, total of 74 rectangular CFST beams and 86 square CFST beams are used with four-point bending test setup and the length of the beam model as 1000mm. The grades of concrete and grades of steel are used as 30 MPa & 35MPa and 235 MPa and 275MPa respectively for both sections to get the confinement factor 0.583 to 2.833, steel ratio of 0.069 to 0.236 and length to depth ratio of 4.167 to 16.667. It was found based on this study that flexural strength of CFST beams falls around strain of 0.012. Eurocode provides the results harmonically with finite elemental results. It was also noted for square sections that reduction of steel ratio is not useful as compared to rectangular section although it increases moment capacity up to certain limits because for square sectional area similar to that of rectangular, it possesses lesser depth than rectangular sections. Also It can be said that effect of increment of grade of concrete can be achieved when thicker steel tube is present. It is observed that there is less increment in moment capacity initially but after D/b ratio 1.2, moment capacity of CFST beam rapidly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQUS" title="ABAQUS">ABAQUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFST%20beams" title=" CFST beams"> CFST beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four-point%20bending" title=" four-point bending"> four-point bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20and%20square%20sections" title=" rectangular and square sections"> rectangular and square sections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136170/analytical-study-of-flexural-strength-of-concrete-filled-steel-tube-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1337</span> Quantitative Characterization of Single Orifice Hydraulic Flat Spray Nozzle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Khoo">Y. C. Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20T.%20Lai"> W. T. Lai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The single orifice hydraulic flat spray nozzle was evaluated with two global imaging techniques to characterize various aspects of the resulting spray. The two techniques were high resolution flow visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A CCD camera with 29 million pixels was used to capture shadowgraph images to realize ligament formation and collapse as well as droplet interaction. Quantitative analysis was performed to give the sizing information of the droplets and ligaments. This camera was then applied with a PIV system to evaluate the overall velocity field of the spray, from nozzle exit to droplet discharge. PIV images were further post-processed to determine the inclusion angle of the spray. The results from those investigations provided significant quantitative understanding of the spray structure. Based on the quantitative results, detailed understanding of the spray behavior was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray" title="spray">spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20visualization" title=" flow visualization"> flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIV" title=" PIV"> PIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadowgraph" title=" shadowgraph"> shadowgraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20sizing" title=" quantitative sizing"> quantitative sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20field" title=" velocity field"> velocity field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11794/quantitative-characterization-of-single-orifice-hydraulic-flat-spray-nozzle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1336</span> Evaluation of Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Slab Punching Shear Using Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi%20Zhang">Zhi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liling%20Cao"> Liling Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedbabak%20Momenzadeh"> Seyedbabak Momenzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Davey"> Lisa Davey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete (RC) flat slab-column systems are commonly used in residential or office buildings, as the flat slab provides efficient clearance resulting in more stories at a given height than regular reinforced concrete beam-slab system. Punching shear of slab-column joints is a critical component of two-way reinforced concrete flat slab design. The unbalanced moment at the joint is transferred via slab moment and shear forces. ACI 318 provides an equation to evaluate the punching shear under the design load. It is important to note that the design code considers gravity and environmental load when considering the design load combinations, while it does not consider the effect from differential foundation settlement, which may be a governing load condition for the slab design. This paper describes how prestressed reinforced concrete slab punching shear is evaluated based on ACI 318 provisions and finite element analysis. A prestressed reinforced concrete slab under differential settlements is studied using the finite element modeling methodology. The punching shear check equation is explained. The methodology to extract data for punching shear check from the finite element model is described and correlated with the corresponding code provisions. The study indicates that the finite element analysis results should be carefully reviewed and processed in order to perform accurate punching shear evaluation. Conclusions are made based on the case studies to help engineers understand the punching shear behavior in prestressed and non-prestressed reinforced concrete slabs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20settlement" title="differential settlement">differential settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prestressed%20reinforced%20concrete%20slab" title=" prestressed reinforced concrete slab"> prestressed reinforced concrete slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punching%20shear" title=" punching shear"> punching shear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110344/evaluation-of-prestressed-reinforced-concrete-slab-punching-shear-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1335</span> Medical Aspects, Professionalism, and Bioethics of Anesthesia in Caesarean Section on Self-Request</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasrudin%20Andi%20Mappaware">Nasrudin Andi Mappaware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muh.%20Wirawan%20Harahap"> Muh. Wirawan Harahap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erlin%20Syahril"> Erlin Syahril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Ekawati%20Mulyadi"> Farah Ekawati Mulyadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing trend of cesarean sections, especially those performed on self-request without medical indications, presents complex dilemmas related to medical aspects, professionalism, and bioethics. This study aims to investigate the medical, professional, and bioethical considerations surrounding anesthesia in cesarean sections performed on self-request without medical indications. We report the case of a 27-year-old woman, G1P0A0 gravid 38 weeks, admitted to the hospital for a planned cesarean section on request for the reason that she could not tolerate pain and requested on a date that corresponded to the date and month of her mother's birth. Cesarean section on patient request fulfills the principle of autonomy, which states that patients have the right to themselves. However, this medical procedure is still considered no safer and riskier even though medical technology has developed rapidly. Furthermore, anesthesia during cesarean section at self-request without medical indications is a dilemma for anesthesiologists considering the risks and complications of anesthesia for both the fetus and the mother. The trend in increasing the number of cesarean sections is influenced by patient reasons such as not being able to tolerate pain, trust factors, and worry about damage to the birth canal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anesthesia" title="anesthesia">anesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethics" title=" bioethics"> bioethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesarean%20section" title=" cesarean section"> cesarean section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-request" title=" self-request"> self-request</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professionalism" title=" professionalism"> professionalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186522/medical-aspects-professionalism-and-bioethics-of-anesthesia-in-caesarean-section-on-self-request" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1334</span> Paeonol Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy Progression in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Li">Xuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobing%20Cui"> Xiaobing Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Meng"> Nan Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuangshuang%20Guo"> Shuangshuang Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingling%20Wang"> Lingling Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To investigate the influence of Paeonol on diabetic nephropathy progression in streptozocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Method Male Wistar rats were injected STZ 30mg.kg-1 combined with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) 0.1mL/rat once a week for three weeks. The diabetic rats were treated with Paenol for 13 weeks. At the end of the experiments, the rats were anesthetized. Serum and the kidney were collected. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and total cholesterol (Chol) level were detected; kidney paraffin sections were prepared and HE and PAS staining sections were used to evaluate the pathology changes of the kidney. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to observe the expression of VEGF and fibernectin expression in the kidney. Result The blood glucose level remained over 16mmol. L-1 for 13 weeks and the ECM accumulated in the diabetic kidney apparently. Paeonol treatment increased serum SOD activity, however, MDA, BUN, Cr, and Chol level was decreased by paeonol treatment. VEGF and fibernectin expression were increased significantly in the DN rats and paeonol treatment ameliorated the overexpression. Conclusion: paeonol prevented the progression of DN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paeonol" title="paeonol">paeonol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STZ" title=" STZ"> STZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20nephropathy" title=" diabetic nephropathy"> diabetic nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibernectin%20expression" title=" fibernectin expression"> fibernectin expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20paraffin%20sections" title=" kidney paraffin sections"> kidney paraffin sections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2260/paeonol-prevents-diabetic-nephropathy-progression-in-stz-induced-diabetic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1333</span> Comparative Evaluation of EBT3 Film Dosimetry Using Flat Bad Scanner, Densitometer and Spectrophotometer Methods and Its Applications in Radiotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Khaerunnisa">K. Khaerunnisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ryangga"> D. Ryangga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Pawiro"> S. A. Pawiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past few decades, film dosimetry has become a tool which is used in various radiotherapy modalities, either for clinical quality assurance (QA) or dose verification. The response of the film to irradiation is usually expressed in optical density (OD) or net optical density (netOD). While the film's response to radiation is not linear, then the use of film as a dosimeter must go through a calibration process. This study aimed to compare the function of the calibration curve of various measurement methods with various densitometer, using a flat bad scanner, point densitometer and spectrophotometer. For every response function, a radichromic film calibration curve is generated from each method by performing accuracy, precision and sensitivity analysis. netOD is obtained by measuring changes in the optical density (OD) of the film before irradiation and after irradiation when using a film scanner if it uses ImageJ to extract the pixel value of the film on the red channel of three channels (RGB), calculate the change in OD before and after irradiation when using a point densitometer, and calculate changes in absorbance before and after irradiation when using a spectrophotometer. the results showed that the three calibration methods gave readings with a netOD precision of doses below 3% for the uncertainty value of 1σ (one sigma). while the sensitivity of all three methods has the same trend in responding to film readings against radiation, it has a different magnitude of sensitivity. while the accuracy of the three methods provides readings below 3% for doses above 100 cGy and 200 cGy, but for doses below 100 cGy found above 3% when using point densitometers and spectrophotometers. when all three methods are used for clinical implementation, the results of the study show accuracy and precision below 2% for the use of scanners and spectrophotometers and above 3% for precision and accuracy when using point densitometers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Callibration%20Methods" title="Callibration Methods">Callibration Methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Film%20Dosimetry%20EBT3" title=" Film Dosimetry EBT3"> Film Dosimetry EBT3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flat%20Bad%20Scanner" title=" Flat Bad Scanner"> Flat Bad Scanner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Densitomete" title=" Densitomete"> Densitomete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spectrophotometer" title=" Spectrophotometer"> Spectrophotometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119234/comparative-evaluation-of-ebt3-film-dosimetry-using-flat-bad-scanner-densitometer-and-spectrophotometer-methods-and-its-applications-in-radiotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1332</span> Parameters Influencing the Output Precision of a Lens-Lens Beam Generator Solar Concentrator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tawfik">M. Tawfik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Tonnellier"> X. Tonnellier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Sansom"> C. Sansom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Lens-Lens Beam Generator (LLBG) is a Fresnel-based optical concentrating technique which provides flexibility in selecting the solar receiver location compared to conventional techniques through generating a powerful concentrated collimated solar beam. In order to achieve that, two successive lenses are used and followed by a flat mirror. Hence the generated beam emerging from the LLBG has a high power flux which impinges on the target receiver, it is important to determine the precision of the system output. In this present work, mathematical investigation of different parameters affecting the precision of the output beam is carried out. These parameters include: Deflection in sun-facing lens and its holding arm, delay in updating the solar tracking system, and the flat mirror surface flatness. Moreover, relationships that describe the power lost due to the effect of each parameter are derived in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fresnel%20lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLBG" title=" LLBG"> LLBG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20concentrator" title=" solar concentrator"> solar concentrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tracking" title=" solar tracking"> solar tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57002/parameters-influencing-the-output-precision-of-a-lens-lens-beam-generator-solar-concentrator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1331</span> Assessment and Mitigation of Slope Stability Hazards Along Kombolcha-Desse Road, Northern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biruk%20Wolde%20Eremacho">Biruk Wolde Eremacho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Kombolcha to Desse road, linking Addis Ababa with Northern Ethiopia towns traverses through one of the most difficult mountainous ranges in Ethiopia. The presence of loose unconsolidated materials (colluvium materials), highly weathered and fractured basalt rocks high relief, steep natural slopes, nature of geologic formations exposed along the road section, poor drainage conditions, occurrence of high seasonal rains, and seismically active nature of the region created favorable condition for slope instability in the area. Thus, keeping in mind all above points the present study was conceived to study in detail the slope stability condition of the area. It was realized that detailed slope stability studies along this road section are very necessary to identify critical slopes and to provide the best remedial measures to minimize the slope instability problems which frequently disrupt and endanger the traffic movement on this important road. For the present study based on the field manifestation of instability two most critical slope sections were identified for detailed slope stability analysis. The deterministic slope stability analysis approach was followed to perform the detailed slope stability analysis of the selected slope sections. Factor of safety for the selected slope sections was determined for the different anticipated conditions (i.e., static and dynamic with varied water saturations) using Slope/W and Slide software. Both static and seismic slope stability analysis were carried out and factor of safety was deduced for each anticipated conditions. In general, detailed slope stability analysis of the two critical slope sections reveals that for only static dry condition both the slopes sections would be stable. However, for the rest anticipated conditions defined by static and dynamic situations with varied water saturations both critical slope sections would be unstable. Moreover, the causes of slope instability in the study area are governed by different factors; therefore integrated approaches of remedial measures are more appropriate to mitigate the possible slope instability in the study area. Depending on site condition and slope stability analysis result four types of suitable preventive and remedial measures are recommended namely; proper managements of drainages, retaining structures, gabions, and managing steeply cut slopes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20of%20safety" title="factor of safety">factor of safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remedial%20measures" title=" remedial measures"> remedial measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability%20analysis" title=" slope stability analysis"> slope stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20and%20dynamic%20condition" title=" static and dynamic condition"> static and dynamic condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57210/assessment-and-mitigation-of-slope-stability-hazards-along-kombolcha-desse-road-northern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1330</span> Examples of RC Design with Eurocode2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carla%20Ferreira">Carla Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Barros"> Helena Barros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper termed “Design of reinforced concrete with Eurocode 2” presents the theory regarding the design of reinforced concrete sections and the development of the tables and abacuses to verify the concrete section to the ultimate limit and service limit states. This paper is a complement of it, showing how to use the previous tools. Different numerical results are shown, proving the capability of the methodology. When a section of a beam is already chosen, the computer program presents the reinforcing steel in many locations along the structure, and it is the engineer´s task to choose the layout available for the construction, considering the maximum regular kind of reinforcing bars. There are many computer programs available for this task, but the interest of the present kind of tools is the fast and easy way of making the design and choose the optimal solution. Another application of these design tools is in the definition of the section dimensions, in a way that when stresses are evaluated, the final design is acceptable. In the design offices, these are considered by the engineers a very quick and useful way of designing reinforced concrete sections, employing variable strength concrete and higher steel classes. Examples of nonlinear analyses and redistribution of the bending moment will be considered, according to the Eurocode 2 recommendations, for sections under bending moment and axial forces. Examples of the evaluation of the service limit state will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20examples" title="design examples">design examples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eurocode%202" title=" eurocode 2"> eurocode 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=section%20design" title=" section design"> section design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174988/examples-of-rc-design-with-eurocode2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1329</span> Analysis of the Performance of a Solar Water Heating System with Flat Collector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Vendramin">Georgi Vendramin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurea%20L%C3%BAcia"> Aurea Lúcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamamoto"> Yamamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Itsuo"> Carlos Itsuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camargo%20Nogueira"> Camargo Nogueira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Eduardo"> Carlos Eduardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenz"> Lenz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20Miguel"> Anderson Miguel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souza%20Melegari"> Souza Melegari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20N."> Samuel N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal performance of a solar water heating with 1.00 m2 flat plate collectors in Cascavel-PR, is which presented in this article, paper presents the solution to leverage the marketing of solar heating systems through detailed constituent materials of the solar collector studies, these abundant materials in construction, such as expanded polyethylene, PVC, aluminum and glass tubes, mixing them with new materials to minimize loss of efficiency while decreasing its cost. The system was tested during months and the collector obtained maximum recorded temperature of outlet fluid of 55 °C, while the maximum temperature of the water at the bottom of the hot water tank was 35 °C. The average daily energy collected was 19 6 MJ/d; the energy supplied by the solar plate was 16.2 MJ/d; the loss in the feed pipe was 3.2 MJ/d; the solar fraction was 32.2%, the efficiency of the collector was 45.6% and the efficiency of the system was 37.8%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling%20materials" title="recycling materials">recycling materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20water%20heating%20system" title=" solar water heating system"> solar water heating system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18285/analysis-of-the-performance-of-a-solar-water-heating-system-with-flat-collector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1328</span> Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contaminant in Surface Soils around Effurun Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Ogunkeyede">A. O. Ogunkeyede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Amuchi"> D. Amuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Adebayo"> A. A. Adebayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metal contaminations in soil have received great attention. Anthropogenic activities such as vehicular emission, industrial activities and constructions have resulted in elevated concentration of heavy metals in the surface soils. The metal particles can be free from the surface soil when they are disturbed and re-entrained in air, which necessitated the need to investigate surface soil at market environment where adults and children are present on daily basis. This study assesses concentration of heavy metal pollution, ecological and health risk factors in surface soil at Effurun market. 8 samples were collected at household material (EMH), fish (EMFs), fish and commodities (EMF-C), Abattoir (EMA 1 & 2), fruit sections (EMF 1 & 2) and lastly main road (EMMR). The samples were digested and analyzed in triplicate for contents of Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu). The mean concentration of the Pb mg/kg (112.27 ± 1.12) and Cu mg/kg (156.14 ± 1.10) were highest in the abattoir section (EMA 1). The mean concentrations of the heavy metal were then used to calculate the ecological and health risk for people within the market. Pb contamination at EMMR, EMF 2, EMFs were moderately while Pb shows considerable contamination at EMH, EMA 1, EMA 2 and EMF-C sections of the Effurun market. The ecological risk factor varies between low to moderate pollution for Pb and EMA 1 has the highest potential ecological risk that falls within moderate pollution. The hazard quotient results show that dermal exposure pathway is the possible means of heavy metal exposure to the traders while ingestion is the least sources of exposure to adult. The ingestion suggested that children around the EMA 1 have the highest possible exposure to children due to hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth behaviour. The results further show that adults at the EMA1 will have the highest exposure to Pb due to inhalation during burning of cow with tyre that contained Pb and Cu. The carcinogenic risk values of most sections were higher than acceptable values, while Ni at EMMR, EMF 1 & 2, EMFs and EMF-C sections that were below the acceptable values. The cancer risk for inhalation exposure pathway for Pb (1.01E+17) shows a significant level of contamination than all the other sections of the market. It suggested that the people working at the Abattoir were very prone to cancer risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinogenic" title="carcinogenic">carcinogenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological" title=" ecological"> ecological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96460/ecological-and-health-risk-assessment-of-the-heavy-metal-contaminant-in-surface-soils-around-effurun-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1327</span> Strip Size Optimization for Spiral Type Actuator Coil Used in Electromagnetic Flat Sheet Forming Experiment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Aleem">M. A. Aleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Awan"> M. S. Awan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flat spiral coil for electromagnetic forming system has been modelled in FEMM 4.2 software. Copper strip was chosen as the material for designing the actuator coil. Relationship between height to width ratio (S-factor) of the copper strip and coil’s performance has been studied. Magnetic field intensities, eddy currents, and Lorentz force were calculated for the coils that were designed using six different 'S-factor' values (0.65, 0.75, 1.05, 1.25, 1.54 and 1.75), keeping the cross-sectional area of strip the same. Results obtained through simulation suggest that actuator coil with S-factor ~ 1 shows optimum forming performance as it exerts maximum Lorentz force (84 kN) on work piece. The same coils were fabricated and used for electromagnetic sheet forming experiments. Aluminum 6061 sheets of thickness 1.5 mm have been formed using different voltage levels of capacitor bank. Smooth forming profiles were obtained with dome heights 28, 35 and 40 mm in work piece at 800, 1150 and 1250 V respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20modelling" title="FEM modelling">FEM modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20forming" title=" electromagnetic forming"> electromagnetic forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiral%20coil" title=" spiral coil"> spiral coil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorentz%20force" title=" Lorentz force"> Lorentz force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86282/strip-size-optimization-for-spiral-type-actuator-coil-used-in-electromagnetic-flat-sheet-forming-experiment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1326</span> Analysis of Operating Speed on Four-Lane Divided Highways under Mixed Traffic Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20Varma">Chaitanya Varma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpan%20Mehar"> Arpan Mehar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study demonstrates the procedure to analyse speed data collected on various four-lane divided sections in India. Field data for the study was collected at different straight and curved sections on rural highways with the help of radar speed gun and video camera. The data collected at the sections were analysed and parameters pertain to speed distributions were estimated. The different statistical distribution was analysed on vehicle type speed data and for mixed traffic speed data. It was found that vehicle type speed data was either follows the normal distribution or Log-normal distribution, whereas the mixed traffic speed data follows more than one type of statistical distribution. The most common fit observed on mixed traffic speed data were Beta distribution and Weibull distribution. The separate operating speed model based on traffic and roadway geometric parameters were proposed in the present study. The operating speed model with traffic parameters and curve geometry parameters were established. Two different operating speed models were proposed with variables 1/R and Ln(R) and were found to be realistic with a different range of curve radius. The models developed in the present study are simple and realistic and can be used for forecasting operating speed on four-lane highways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway" title="highway">highway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20traffic%20flow" title=" mixed traffic flow"> mixed traffic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20speed" title=" operating speed"> operating speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33813/analysis-of-operating-speed-on-four-lane-divided-highways-under-mixed-traffic-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1325</span> Nice Stadium: Design of a Flat Single Layer ETFE Roof</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Escoffier">A. Escoffier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Albrecht"> A. Albrecht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Consigny"> F. Consigny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to host the Football Euro in 2016, many French cities have launched architectural competitions in recent years to improve the quality of their stadiums. The winning project in Nice was designed by Wilmotte architects together with Elioth structural engineers. It has a capacity of 35,000 seats. Its roof structure consists of a complex 3D shape timber and steel lattice and is covered by 25,000m² of ETFE, 10,500m² of PES-PVC fabric and 8,500m² of photovoltaic panels. This paper focuses on the ETFE part of the cover. The stadium is one of the first constructions to use flat single layer ETFE on such a big area. Due to its relatively recent appearance in France, ETFE structures are not yet covered by any regulations and the existing codes for fabric structures cannot be strictly applied. Rather, they are considered as cladding systems and therefore have to be approved by an “Appréciation Technique d’Expérimentation” (ATEx), during which experimental tests have to be performed. We explain the method that we developed to justify the ETFE, which eventually led to bi-axial tests to clarify the allowable stress in the film. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biaxial%20test" title="biaxial test">biaxial test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title=" creep"> creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETFE" title=" ETFE"> ETFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20layer" title=" single layer"> single layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stadium%20roof" title=" stadium roof"> stadium roof</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7195/nice-stadium-design-of-a-flat-single-layer-etfe-roof" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1324</span> Integration problems of Dutch-Turkish Youngsters: A Qualitative Research </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozge%20Karayal%C3%A7in">Ozge Karayalçin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study tries to find out the reasons for the integration problems of third generation Dutch-Turkish youngsters by particularly focusing on the socio-cultural and socio-economic situations of these people in the Netherlands. The results obtained from the field research are summed up under four sections. These four sections are education and language, labour market, cultural factors, religion, and nationality. The underlying reasons of the integration problems are reflected from two different perspectives. The first one is the effects of social and economic enforcements implemented on the Turkish immigrant society. The second one is the traditional Turkish values that are quite different from Dutch values. The problems experienced by third generation Turkish origin Dutch youngsters are not one-sided. To conclude, solution-oriented advisements are asserted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acculturation%20levels" title="acculturation levels">acculturation levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dutch-Turkish%20youngsters" title=" Dutch-Turkish youngsters"> Dutch-Turkish youngsters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20migrants" title=" transnational migrants"> transnational migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20conflicts" title=" identity conflicts"> identity conflicts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41368/integration-problems-of-dutch-turkish-youngsters-a-qualitative-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20sections&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20sections&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20sections&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20sections&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">4</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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