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Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hucbald" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hucbald" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hucbald" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucbaldo" title="Hucbaldo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hucbaldo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF" title="هاکبلد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاکبلد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucbald_de_Saint-Amand" title="Hucbald de Saint-Amand – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hucbald de Saint-Amand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubaldo_di_Saint-Amand" title="Ubaldo di Saint-Amand – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ubaldo di Saint-Amand" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucbaldus" title="Hucbaldus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hucbaldus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="هوكبالد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوكبالد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hucbald" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Benedictine monk and music theorist (c. 850 – 930)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_harmonica_institutione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/De_harmonica_institutione.jpg/220px-De_harmonica_institutione.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/De_harmonica_institutione.jpg/330px-De_harmonica_institutione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/De_harmonica_institutione.jpg/440px-De_harmonica_institutione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4448" data-file-height="6416" /></a><figcaption>Hucald's <i>Musica</i>, page 125 in the Codex 169(468) from the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_library_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey library of Saint Gall">Abbey library of Saint Gall</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hucbald</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 840 or 850</span> – 20 June 930; also <b>Hucbaldus</b> or <b>Hubaldus</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine monk">Benedictine monk</a> active as a <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theorist</a>, poet, composer, teacher, and <a href="/wiki/Hagiographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagiographer">hagiographer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was long associated with <a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand_Abbey" title="Saint-Amand Abbey">Saint-Amand Abbey</a>, so is often known as <b>Hucbald of St Amand</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"1._Life"_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"1._Life"-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deeply influenced by <a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/De_Institutione_Musica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Institutione Musica">De Institutione Musica</a></i>, Hucbald's (<i>De</i>) <i>Musica</i>, formerly known as <i>De harmonica institutione</i>, aims to reconcile <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek music">ancient Greek music</a> theory and the contemporary practice of <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> with the use of many notated examples. Among the leading music theorists of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian era">Carolingian era</a>, he was likely a near contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" title="Aurelian of Réôme">Aurelian of Réôme</a>, the unknown author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Musica_enchiriadis" title="Musica enchiriadis">Musica enchiriadis</a></i>, and the anonymous authors of other music theory texts <i>Commemoratio brevis</i>, <i>Alia musica</i>, and <i>De modis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in northern France, about 840<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManitius1911588_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManitius1911588-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaby1934249_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaby1934249-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeakland195668_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeakland195668-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 850,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hucbald studied at Elnone Abbey (later named <a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand_Abbey" title="Saint-Amand Abbey">Saint-Amand Abbey</a>, after its 7th-century founder) where his uncle Milo was chief master of studies (<i>scholasticus</i>), in the diocese of <a href="/wiki/Doornik" class="mw-redirect" title="Doornik">Doornik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Britannica''2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Britannica''2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made rapid progress in the sciences of the <i><a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">quadrivium</a></i>, including that of practical music, and, according to a laudatory 11th-century biographical account, at an early age composed a <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymn</a> in honour of <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrew">St Andrew</a>, which met with such success as to excite the jealousy of his uncle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is said that Hucbald in consequence was compelled to leave Saint-Amand<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to seek protection from the bishop of <a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a>. </p><p>He was also a companion of studies of such future masters as <a href="/wiki/Remigius_of_Auxerre" title="Remigius of Auxerre">Remigius of Auxerre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heiric_of_Auxerre" title="Heiric of Auxerre">Heiric of Auxerre</a>, perhaps as a disciple of the court philosopher <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Scottus_Eriugena" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Scottus Eriugena">Johannes Scottus Eriugena</a>. In 872 he was back again at Saint-Amand as the successor in the headmastership of the monastery school of his uncle, to whom he would have been presumably reconciled. Between 883 and 900 Hucbald went on several missions to reform and reconstruct schools of music damaged or destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a>, including those of <a href="/wiki/St._Bertin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Bertin">St. Bertin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Rheims</a>. In 900, however, he returned to Saint-Amand, where he remained until his death on 20 June 930.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_theory">Music theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Music theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muziekkast_en_piano_met_een_reliek_van_Sint-Cecilia_Piano,_BK-1996-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Muziekkast_en_piano_met_een_reliek_van_Sint-Cecilia_Piano%2C_BK-1996-9.jpg/220px-Muziekkast_en_piano_met_een_reliek_van_Sint-Cecilia_Piano%2C_BK-1996-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Muziekkast_en_piano_met_een_reliek_van_Sint-Cecilia_Piano%2C_BK-1996-9.jpg/330px-Muziekkast_en_piano_met_een_reliek_van_Sint-Cecilia_Piano%2C_BK-1996-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Muziekkast_en_piano_met_een_reliek_van_Sint-Cecilia_Piano%2C_BK-1996-9.jpg/440px-Muziekkast_en_piano_met_een_reliek_van_Sint-Cecilia_Piano%2C_BK-1996-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5974" data-file-height="7012" /></a><figcaption>A 19th century piano depicting Hucbald (far left) among other Christian and musical figures.</figcaption></figure> <p>The only theoretical work which can positively be ascribed to Hucbald is his <i>Musica</i> (formerly known as <i>De harmonica institutione</i>), probably written about 880.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19785_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalisca19785-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_theorist"_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_theorist"-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work shows considerable influence from the writings of <a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a>, and by extension <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19785_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalisca19785-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Musica_enchiriadis" title="Musica enchiriadis">Musica enchiriadis</a></i>, published with other writings of minor importance in <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gerbert" title="Martin Gerbert">Gerbert</a>'s <i>Scriptores de Musica</i>, and containing a complete system of musical science as well as instructions regarding notation, has now been proved to have originated elsewhere about the same time and to have been the work of unknown writers belonging to the same intellectual <i>milieu</i>. This work is celebrated chiefly for an essay on a new form of notation described today as <a href="/wiki/Daseian_notation" title="Daseian notation">Daseian notation</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its readable transmission of the first record of Western <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphonic music</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compositions">Compositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few sacred compositions can be somewhat securely attributed to Hucbald,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_composer"_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_composer"-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some are found in the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Troper" title="Winchester Troper">Winchester Troper</a> and Sarum antiphoner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19784_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalisca19784-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literary sources suggest that he wrote many other now lost works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19784_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalisca19784-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to his musical works, Hucbald also wrote literary poetry intended to be read rather than sung. Two poems in classical Latin <a href="/wiki/Hexameter" title="Hexameter">hexameters</a> survive. One is the remarkable <i>Ecloga de calvis</i>, a poem of 146 lines in praise of baldness, in which every word begins with the letter C (the first letter in the word <i>calvus</i>, "bald").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The catalogue of illustrious bald men includes kings, generals, poets, doctors, and even the apostle Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaby1934249–250_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaby1934249–250-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the poem was probably written during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>, there is no evidence to support the common assumption that it was dedicated to him, and a separate 54-line prefatory poem that precedes the work in the manuscripts explicitly dedicates it to <a href="/wiki/Hatto_I" title="Hatto I">Hatto</a>, the archbishop of Mainz.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Ecloga de calvis</i> circulated widely during the Renaissance: at least six printed editions are known from the first half of the 16th century, and <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> in one of his dialogues recommends recitation of its alliterative lines as a cure for stuttering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheerin1980_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheerin1980-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other hexameter work, <i>De diebus Aegyptiacis</i>, is a short astrological poem listing the days of ill omen in each month of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hucbald also wrote a number of prose saint's lives.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManitius1911591–592_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManitius1911591–592-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"Introduction"_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChartier2001">Chartier 2001</a>, "Introduction".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"1._Life"-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"1._Life"_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChartier2001">Chartier 2001</a>, "1. Life".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManitius1911588-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManitius1911588_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManitius1911">Manitius 1911</a>, p. 588.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaby1934249-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaby1934249_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaby1934">Raby 1934</a>, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeakland195668-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeakland195668_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeakland1956">Weakland 1956</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Britannica''2021-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Britannica''2021_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritannica2021"><i>Britannica</i> 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalisca19785-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19785_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19785_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalisca1978">Palisca 1978</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_theorist"-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_theorist"_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChartier2001">Chartier 2001</a>, "3. The theorist".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_composer"-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChartier2001"3._The_composer"_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChartier2001">Chartier 2001</a>, "3. The composer".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalisca19784-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19784_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalisca19784_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalisca1978">Palisca 1978</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Text in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_poetae_4_1/#page/(261)/">Winterfeld 1899, pp. 261–271</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/02m/0840-0930,_Hucbaldus_Sancti_Amandi,_Ecloga_De_Laudibus_Calvitii,_MLT.pdf"><i>Patrologia Latina</i> 132, cols. 1041–1045</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaby1934249–250-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaby1934249–250_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaby1934">Raby 1934</a>, pp. 249–250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The assumption that Hucbald wrote the work for Charles, which was already circulating in the 11th century, was repeated by the editors of the earliest printed editions, including the 17th-century German philologist Kaspar von Barth, who added to the poem 15 spurious verses containing a direct address to the emperor in order to support his argument. Winterfeld (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_poetae_4_1/#page/(261)/">1899, pp. 264, 271</a>) reviews the evidence and both he and Manitius (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geschichtederlateinischenlitmani1/page/588/">1911, pp. 588, 591</a>) dismiss it as a fiction. The confusion is compounded by the fact that Hucbald is known to have sent other verses to Charles, including a poem on self-control (<i>De sobrietate</i>) written by his uncle, Milo (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geschichtederlateinischenlitmani1/page/588/">Manitius 1911, pp. 588, 590</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheerin1980-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheerin1980_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheerin1980">Sheerin 1980</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Text in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_poetae_4_1/#page/(272)/">Winterfeld 1899, p. 272</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Texts in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_0840-0930-_Hucbaldus_Sancti_Amandi.html"><i>Patrologia Latina</i> 132</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManitius1911591–592-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManitius1911591–592_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManitius1911">Manitius 1911</a>, pp. 591–592.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hucbald" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hucbald">Hucbald</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 847.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hucbald&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=847&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChartier2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chartier, Yves (2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000013475">"Hucbald of St Amand"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.13475">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hucbald+of+St+Amand&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.13475&rft.aulast=Chartier&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000013475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManitius1911" class="citation book cs1">Manitius, Max (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geschichtederlateinischenlitmani1/"><i>Geschichte der lateinischen Literatur des Mittelalters I: Von Justinian bis zur Mitte des zehnten Jahrhunderts</i></a>. Munich: Beck. pp. 588–594.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+lateinischen+Literatur+des+Mittelalters+I%3A+Von+Justinian+bis+zur+Mitte+des+zehnten+Jahrhunderts&rft.place=Munich&rft.pages=588-594&rft.pub=Beck&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Manitius&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeschichtederlateinischenlitmani1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalisca1978" class="citation book cs1">Palisca, Claude V., ed. (1978). <i>Hucbald, Guido, and John on music: Three Medieval Treatises</i>. Translated by Babb, Warren. Index of chants by <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Enrique_Planchart" class="mw-redirect" title="Alejandro Enrique Planchart">Alejandro Enrique Planchart</a>. New Haven and London: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02040-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02040-3"><bdi>978-0-300-02040-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hucbald%2C+Guido%2C+and+John+on+music%3A+Three+Medieval+Treatises&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-300-02040-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaby1934" class="citation book cs1">Raby, F. J. E. (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofsecular0001unse"><i>A History of Secular Latin Poetry in the Middle Ages, vol. 1</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 249–250.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Secular+Latin+Poetry+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+vol.+1&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=249-250&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Raby&rft.aufirst=F.+J.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofsecular0001unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheerin1980" class="citation journal cs1">Sheerin, Daniel J. (1980). "A Carolingian Cure Recovered: Erasmus' Citation of Hucbald of St. Amand's <i>Ecloga de Caluis</i>". <i>Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance</i>. <b>42</b> (1): 167–171. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20676067">20676067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblioth%C3%A8que+d%27Humanisme+et+Renaissance&rft.atitle=A+Carolingian+Cure+Recovered%3A+Erasmus%27+Citation+of+Hucbald+of+St.+Amand%27s+Ecloga+de+Caluis&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=167-171&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20676067%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sheerin&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeakland1956" class="citation journal cs1">Weakland, Rembert (January 1956). "Hucbald as Musician and Theorist". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Quarterly" title="The Musical Quarterly">The Musical Quarterly</a></i>. <b>42</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 66–84. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/740475">740475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Musical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Hucbald+as+Musician+and+Theorist&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-84&rft.date=1956-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F740475%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Weakland&rft.aufirst=Rembert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinterfeld1899" class="citation book cs1">Winterfeld, Paul von (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_poetae_4_1/#page/(261)/"><i>Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini IV.1</i></a>. Berlin: Weidemann. pp. 261–275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetae+Latini+Aevi+Carolini+IV.1&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=261-275&rft.pub=Weidemann&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Winterfeld&rft.aufirst=Paul+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmgh.de%2Fmgh_poetae_4_1%2F%23page%2F%28261%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span> (In the series <a href="/wiki/Monumenta_Germaniae_Historica" title="Monumenta Germaniae Historica">Monumenta Germaniae Historica</a>.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica2021" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hucbald">"Hucbald | French music theorist | Britannica"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a> 1 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827222101/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hucbald">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hucbald+%26%23124%3B+French+music+theorist+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHucbald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>McAlhany, J. <i>Beards & Baldness in the Middle Ages: Three Texts</i>. Brooklyn, NY: Leverhill, 2024 (contains a translation of the <i>Ecloga de calvis</i>, with notes, and brief overview of Hucbald's life and career) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-9896993-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-9896993-0-8">979-8-9896993-0-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChartier1995" class="citation book cs1">Chartier, Yves (1995). <i>L'oeuvre musicale d'Hucbald de Saint-Amand: les compositions et le traité de musique</i>. Montréal: Bellarmin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-89007-732-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-89007-732-4"><bdi>978-2-89007-732-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27oeuvre+musicale+d%27Hucbald+de+Saint-Amand%3A+les+compositions+et+le+trait%C3%A9+de+musique&rft.place=Montr%C3%A9al&rft.pub=Bellarmin&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-2-89007-732-4&rft.aulast=Chartier&rft.aufirst=Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2008" class="citation journal cs1">Fuller, Sarah (Spring 2008). "Interpreting Hucbald on Mode". <i>Journal of Music Theory</i>. <b>52</b> (1): 13–40. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40607028">40607028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Music+Theory&rft.atitle=Interpreting+Hucbald+on+Mode&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-40&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40607028%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrutchfield1930" class="citation journal cs1">Grutchfield, E. J. (1 June 1930). "Hucbald: A Millenary Commemoration". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i>. <b>71</b> (1048): 507–510. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F917357">10.2307/917357</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/917357">917357</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Musical+Times&rft.atitle=Hucbald%3A+A+Millenary+Commemoration&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1048&rft.pages=507-510&rft.date=1930-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F917357&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F917357%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Grutchfield&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHucbald" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hucbald&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hucbald" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hucbald">Hucbald</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicologie.org/Biographies/h/hucbald.html">musicologie.org</a>. List of manuscripts, editions, and bibliography. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_0840-0930-_Hucbaldus_Sancti_Amandi.html">Documenta Catholica Omnia</a>. PDFs of Latin texts of Hucbald's works from Migne, <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_latina" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrologia latina">Patrologia latina</a></i> vol. 132.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_poetae_4_1/"><i>MGH Poetae</i> 4,1</a>. Digital version of P. von Winterfeld, <i>Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini</i> IV.1 from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mgh.de/en/digital-mgh/dmgh">DigitalMGH project</a>. Latin texts of the hexameter poems <i>De calvis</i> and <i>De diebus Aegyptiacis</i>, together with two hymns in honor of St Theoderic.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5076/e-codices-sbe-0169">Codex 169(468)</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_library_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey library of Saint Gall">Abbey library of Saint Gall</a>, including Hucbald's <i>Musica</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_composers" title="List of medieval composers">List of composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_music_theorists" title="List of medieval music theorists">List of music theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of medieval musical instruments">List of musical instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Early_medieval_music_(500–1000)" title="Medieval music">Early (before 1150)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notker_the_Stammerer" title="Notker the Stammerer">Notker the Stammerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuotilo" title="Tuotilo">Tuotilo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Stephen of Liège">Stephen of Liège</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hucbald</a>*</span></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Cluny" title="Odo of Cluny">Odo of Cluny</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulbert_of_Chartres" title="Fulbert of Chartres">Fulbert of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriger_of_Lobbes" title="Heriger of Lobbes">Heriger of Lobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martial_school" title="Saint Martial school">Saint Martial school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9mar_de_Chabannes" title="Adémar de Chabannes">Adémar de Chabannes</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Arezzo" title="Odo of Arezzo">Odo of Arezzo</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Physicus" title="Notker Physicus">Notker Physicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godric_of_Finchale" title="Godric of Finchale">St. Godric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_of_Saint_Victor" title="Adam of Saint Victor">Adam of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_the_Cantor" title="Wulfstan the Cantor">Wulfstan the Cantor</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipo_of_Burgundy" title="Wipo of Burgundy">Wipo of Burgundy</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#High_medieval_music_(1000–1300)" title="Medieval music">High (1150–1300)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_antiqua" title="Ars antiqua">Ars antiqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Parisiensis" title="Albertus Parisiensis">Albertus Parisiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onin" title="Léonin">Léonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rotin" title="Pérotin">Pérotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Chancellor" title="Philip the Chancellor">Philippe le Chancelier</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Cruce" title="Petrus de Cruce">Petrus de Cruce</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">Troubadour</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/Trobairitz" title="Trobairitz">Trobairitz</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimeric_de_Peguilhan" title="Aimeric de Peguilhan">Aimeric de Peguilhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_de_Mareuil" title="Arnaut de Mareuil">Arnaut de Mareuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernart_de_Ventadorn" title="Bernart de Ventadorn">Bernart de Ventadorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelloza" title="Castelloza">Castelloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerver%C3%AD_de_Girona" title="Cerverí de Girona">Cerverí de Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comtessa_de_Dia" title="Comtessa de Dia">Comtessa de Dia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folquet_de_Marselha" title="Folquet de Marselha">Folquet de Marselha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucelm_Faidit" title="Gaucelm Faidit">Gaucelm Faidit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraut_de_Bornelh" title="Giraut de Bornelh">Giraut de Bornelh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiraut_Riquier" title="Guiraut Riquier">Guiraut Riquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaufre_Rudel" title="Jaufre Rudel">Jaufre Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcabru" title="Marcabru">Marcabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_d%27Alvernha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peire d'Alvernha">Peire d'Alvernha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Cardenal" title="Peire Cardenal">Peire Cardenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Vidal" title="Peire Vidal">Peire Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peirol" title="Peirol">Peirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdigon" title="Perdigon">Perdigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_d%27Aurenga" title="Raimbaut d'Aurenga">Raimbaut d'Aurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_de_Vaqueiras" title="Raimbaut de Vaqueiras">Raimbaut de Vaqueiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimon_de_Miravalh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raimon de Miravalh">Raimon de Miravalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sordello" title="Sordello">Sordello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William IX, Duke of Aquitaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_troubadours_and_trobairitz" title="List of troubadours and trobairitz">Other troubadours and trobairitz...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re" title="Trouvère">Trouvère</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrieu_Contredit_d%27Arras" title="Andrieu Contredit d'Arras">Andrieu Contredit d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audefroi_le_Bastart" title="Audefroi le Bastart">Audefroi le Bastart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondel_de_Nesle" title="Blondel de Nesle">Blondel de Nesle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chastelain_de_Couci" title="Le Chastelain de Couci">Le Chastelain de Couci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Muset" title="Colin Muset">Colin Muset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_de_B%C3%A9thune" title="Conon de Béthune">Conon de Béthune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gace_Brul%C3%A9" title="Gace Brulé">Gace Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Coincy" title="Gautier de Coincy">Gautier de Coincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Dargies" title="Gautier de Dargies">Gautier de Dargies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_d%27Espinal" title="Gautier d'Espinal">Gautier d'Espinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillebert_de_Berneville" title="Gillebert de Berneville">Gillebert de Berneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gontier_de_Soignies" title="Gontier de Soignies">Gontier de Soignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_le_Vinier" title="Guillaume le Vinier">Guillaume le Vinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiot_de_Dijon" title="Guiot de Dijon">Guiot de Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Bretel" title="Jehan Bretel">Jehan Bretel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Erart" title="Jehan Erart">Jehan Erart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_le_Cuvelier_d%27Arras" title="Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras">Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moniot_d%27Arras" title="Moniot d'Arras">Moniot d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_d%27Angicourt" title="Perrin d'Angicourt">Perrin d'Angicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_R%C3%A9mi_(died_1265)" title="Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)">Philippe de Rémi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_de_Soissons" title="Raoul de Soissons">Raoul de Soissons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re#List_of_trouvères" title="Trouvère">Other trouvères...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casella_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Casella (Divine Comedy)">Casella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliard">Goliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese_lyric" title="Galician-Portuguese lyric">Galician-Portuguese lyric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician-Portuguese_troubadours" title="List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours">List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Late_medieval_music_(1300–1400)" title="Medieval music">Late (1300–1400)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Andrieu" title="F. Andrieu">F. Andrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Le_Grant" title="Denis Le Grant">Denis Le Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Franciscus" title="Magister Franciscus">Magister Franciscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimace_(composer)" title="Grimace (composer)">Grimace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_de_Lescurel" title="Jehan de Lescurel">Jehan de Lescurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Guillaume de Machaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._des_Molins" title="P. des Molins">P. des Molins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Vaillant" title="Jehan Vaillant">Jehan Vaillant</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Vitry" title="Philippe de Vitry">Philippe de Vitry</a>*</span></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trecento" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Trecento" title="Music of the Trecento">Trecento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Predecessors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marchetto_da_Padova" title="Marchetto da Padova">Marchetto da Padova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Cascia" title="Giovanni da Cascia">Giovanni da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Bologna" title="Jacopo da Bologna">Jacopo da Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_Piero" title="Maestro Piero">Maestro Piero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_da_Rimini" title="Vincenzo da Rimini">Vincenzo da Rimini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_de_Florentia" title="Andreas de Florentia">Andreas de Florentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_da_Cascia" title="Donato da Cascia">Donato da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Landini" title="Francesco Landini">Francesco Landini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherardello_da_Firenze" title="Gherardello da Firenze">Gherardello da Firenze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_da_Firenze" title="Lorenzo da Firenze">Lorenzo da Firenze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_da_Firenze" title="Paolo da Firenze">Paolo da Firenze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartolino_da_Padova" title="Bartolino da Padova">Bartolino da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Caserta" title="Antonello da Caserta">Antonello da Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_da_Perugia" title="Matteo da Perugia">Matteo da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mazzuoli" title="Giovanni Mazzuoli">Giovanni Mazzuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazioso_da_Padova" title="Grazioso da Padova">Grazioso da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_da_Perugia" title="Niccolò da Perugia">Niccolò da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Omer" title="Sant Omer">Sant Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Zacara da Teramo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlet" title="Borlet">Borlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradus_de_Pistoria" title="Conradus de Pistoria">Conradus de Pistoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baude_Cordier" title="Baude Cordier">Baude Cordier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cuvelier" title="Johannes Cuvelier">Johannes Cuvelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egardus" title="Egardus">Egardus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidius_(Chantilly_Codex_composer)" title="Egidius (Chantilly Codex composer)">Egidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Fabri" title="Martinus Fabri">Martinus Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Goscalch" title="Petrus de Goscalch">Petrus de Goscalch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Symonis_Hasprois" title="Johannes Symonis Hasprois">Johannes Symonis Hasprois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matheus_de_Sancto_Johanne" title="Matheus de Sancto Johanne">Matheus de Sancto Johanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacian_Reyneau" title="Gacian Reyneau">Gacian Reyneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Uciredor" title="S Uciredor">Rodericus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Senleches" title="Jacob Senleches">Jacob Senleches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solage" title="Solage">Solage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Susay" title="Johannes Susay">Johannes Susay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Antonio Zacara da Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebor_(composer)" title="Trebor (composer)">Trebor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Alanus" title="Johannes Alanus">Johannes Alanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contenance_angloise" title="Contenance angloise">Contenance angloise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fabri" title="Thomas Fabri">Thomas Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Henry" title="Roy Henry">Roy Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_de_Lantins" title="Arnold de Lantins">Arnold de Lantins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Power" title="Leonel Power">Leonel Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._de_Wycombe" title="W. de Wycombe">W. de Wycombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_IV" title="Anonymous IV">Anonymous IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido of Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cotto" title="Johannes Cotto">Johannes Cotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Garlandia_(music_theorist)" title="Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)">Johannes de Garlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Grocheio" title="Johannes de Grocheio">Johannes de Grocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacobus_de_Ispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Iacobus de Ispania">Iacobus de Ispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Labeo" title="Notker Labeo">Notker Labeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Muris" title="Johannes de Muris">Johannes de Muris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Odington" title="Walter Odington">Walter Odington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berno_of_Reichenau" title="Berno of Reichenau">Berno of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" title="Aurelian of Réôme">Aurelian of Réôme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canso_(song)" title="Canso (song)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">Chanson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chansonnier" title="Chansonnier">Chansonnier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductus" title="Conductus">Conductus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estampie" title="Estampie">Estampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formes_fixes" title="Formes fixes">Formes fixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballade_(forme_fixe)" title="Ballade (forme fixe)">Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondeau_(forme_fixe)" title="Rondeau (forme fixe)">Rondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virelai" title="Virelai">Virelai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisslerlieder" title="Geisslerlieder">Geisslerlied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(poetic_form)" title="Lai (poetic form)">Lai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tydorel" title="Tydorel">Tydorel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_drama" title="Liturgical drama">Liturgical drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_(Trecento)" title="Madrigal (Trecento)">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planctus" title="Planctus">Planctus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Early music of the British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_England" title="Music in Medieval England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Music in Medieval Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus#Medieval_music" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_France#Medieval_Period" title="Music history of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Minnesingers_and_Meistersingers" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_classical_music#Medieval_music" title="Italian classical music">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal#Medieval_music" title="Music history of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Medieval_period" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardcore" title="Bardcore">Bardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Medieval_music" title="Neo-Medieval music">Neo-Medieval music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_poetry" title="Medieval poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <ul><li>Also music theorist*</li></ul> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></b> →</div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_music" title="Category:Medieval music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 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href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Classical music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/19px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66622010">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84484719">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/232037278">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135422921">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/761159478273927990003">5</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1914269/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXvGtxFDvFbgRyYQPWjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118707566">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2008092107">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13508954s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13508954s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hucbaldus : Elnonensis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PUVV041297">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kup19980000041139&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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