CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Trivial name - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9c7c2304-6491-4137-9960-34ad87d484b3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Trivial_name","wgTitle":"Trivial name","wgCurRevisionId":1246979911,"wgRevisionId":1246979911,"wgArticleId":889940,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing German-language text","Chemical nomenclature"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Trivial_name","wgRelevantArticleId":889940,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q913170","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2186"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg/800px-Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1457"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg/640px-Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1166"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Trivial name - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivial_name"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivial_name"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Trivial_name rootpage-Trivial_name skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Trivial+name" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Trivial+name" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Trivial+name" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Trivial+name" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Elements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_IUPAC_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_IUPAC_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Relation to IUPAC standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_IUPAC_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inorganic_chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inorganic_chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Inorganic chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inorganic_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organic_chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organic_chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organic chemistry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organic_chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organic chemistry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organic_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shape-based" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shape-based"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Shape-based</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shape-based-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Based_on_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Based_on_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Based on fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Based_on_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trivial name</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="اسم دارج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم دارج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Тривиаль атама – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тривиаль атама" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Трывіяльныя назвы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трывіяльныя назвы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_trivial" title="Nom trivial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nom trivial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%95_%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Тривиаллĕ ят – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тривиаллĕ ят" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivi%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_n%C3%A1zev" title="Triviální název – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Triviální název" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialnavn" title="Trivialnavn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Trivialnavn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialname" title="Trivialname – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trivialname" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triviaalnimetus" title="Triviaalnimetus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Triviaalnimetus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialnomo" title="Trivialnomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trivialnomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_trivial" title="Nom trivial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom trivial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagainm" title="Beagainm – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beagainm" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%9A%A9%EB%AA%85" title="관용명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관용명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_trivial" title="Nama trivial – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama trivial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_comune_(chimica)" title="Nome comune (chimica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nome comune (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomen_triviale" title="Nomen triviale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nomen triviale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivi%C3%A1lis_n%C3%A9v" title="Triviális név – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Triviális név" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triviale_naam_(chemie)" title="Triviale naam (chemie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Triviale naam (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E7%94%A8%E5%90%8D" title="慣用名 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="慣用名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialnavn" title="Trivialnavn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trivialnavn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialnamn" title="Trivialnamn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trivialnamn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_trivial" title="Nome trivial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nome trivial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Тривиальное название – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тривиальное название" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivi%C3%A1lny_n%C3%A1zov" title="Triviálny názov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Triviálny názov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triviaalinimi" title="Triviaalinimi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Triviaalinimi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialnamn" title="Trivialnamn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trivialnamn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q913170#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trivial_name" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Trivial_name" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trivial_name"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trivial_name"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Trivial_name" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Trivial_name" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&oldid=1246979911" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Trivial_name&id=1246979911&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTrivial_name"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTrivial_name"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Trivial_name&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q913170" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nonsystematic name for a chemical substance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about chemicals' informal names. For the specific epithet (biology), see <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature#trivial_name" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial nomenclature</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg/170px-Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg/255px-Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg/340px-Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="2060" /></a><figcaption>The element <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> was named after <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (god)">the Roman god</a> of the same name (painting by <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Goltzius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Goltzius">Hendrik Goltzius</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, a <b>trivial name</b> is a non-<a href="/wiki/Systematic_name" title="Systematic name">systematic name</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical substance</a>. That is, the name is not recognized according to the rules of any formal system of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">chemical nomenclature</a> such as <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry">IUPAC inorganic</a> or <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">IUPAC organic</a> nomenclature. A trivial name is not a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">formal name</a> and is usually a <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a>. </p><p>Generally, trivial names are not useful in describing the essential properties of the thing being named. Properties such as the molecular structure of a chemical compound are not indicated. And, in some cases, trivial names can be ambiguous or will carry different meanings in different industries or in different geographic regions (for example, a trivial name such as <i><a href="/wiki/White_metal" title="White metal">white metal</a></i> can mean various things). Trivial names are simpler. As a result, a limited number of trivial chemical names are <a href="/wiki/Retained_name" title="Retained name">retained names</a>, an accepted part of the nomenclature. </p><p>Trivial names often arise in the common language; they may come from historic usages in, for example, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>. Many trivial names pre-date the institution of formal naming conventions. Names can be based on a property of the chemical, including appearance (color, taste or smell), consistency, and crystal structure; a place where it was found or where the discoverer comes from; the name of a scientist; a mythological figure; an astronomical body; the shape of the molecule; and even fictional figures. All elements that have been isolated have trivial names. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In scientific documents, international treaties, patents and legal definitions, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">names for chemicals</a> are needed that identify them unambiguously. This need is satisfied by <a href="/wiki/Systematic_name" title="Systematic name">systematic names</a>. One such system, established by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (IUPAC), was established in 1950. Other systems have been developed by the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. However, chemists still use many names that are not systematic because they are traditional or because they are more convenient than the systematic names. These are called <i>trivial names</i>. The word "trivial", often used in a pejorative sense, was intended to mean "commonplace".<sup id="cite_ref-Leigh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leigh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to trivial names, chemists have constructed <i>semi-trivial names</i> by appending a standard symbol to a trivial stem.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some trivial and semi-trivial names are so widely used that they have been officially adopted by IUPAC; these are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Retained_name" title="Retained name">retained names</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements">Elements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Element_names" title="Chemical element">Chemical element § Element names</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies" title="List of chemical element name etymologies">List of chemical element name etymologies</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_naming_controversies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of chemical elements naming controversies">List of chemical elements naming controversies</a></div> <p>Traditional names of elements are trivial, some originating in <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>. IUPAC has accepted these names, but has also defined systematic names of elements that have not yet been prepared. It has adopted a procedure by which the scientists who are credited with preparing an element can propose a new name. Once the IUPAC has accepted such a (trivial) name, it replaces the systematic name.<sup id="cite_ref-Leigh_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leigh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASM_ytterbymine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASM_ytterbymine.jpg/220px-ASM_ytterbymine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASM_ytterbymine.jpg/330px-ASM_ytterbymine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASM_ytterbymine.jpg/440px-ASM_ytterbymine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption>A plaque commemorating a mine in <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a> where ore was obtained from which four new elements were isolated.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg/170px-Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg/255px-Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg/340px-Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Curium was named after <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nine elements were known by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mercury was named after the planet, but its symbol was derived from the Latin <i>hydrargyrum</i>, which itself comes from the Greek <i>υδράργυρος</i>, meaning liquid silver; mercury is also known as quicksilver in English.<sup id="cite_ref-Leigh_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leigh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The symbols for the other eight are derived from their Latin names.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Systematic nomenclature began after <a href="/wiki/Louis-Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau" title="Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau">Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau</a> stated the need for "a constant method of denomination, which helps the intelligence and relieves the memory".<sup id="cite_ref-Koppenol_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koppenol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting system was popularized by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>'s publication of <i>Méthode de nomenclature chimique</i> (Method of Chemical Nomenclature) in 1787. Lavoisier proposed that elements be named after their properties. For the next 125 years, most chemists followed this suggestion, using Greek and Latin roots to compose the names; for example, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> ("water-producing"), <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> ("acid-producing"), <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> ("soda-producing"), <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a> ("stink"), and argon were based on Greek roots, while the names of <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> were derived from the Greek words for their characteristic colors. <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a> were similarly named for the colors of particular lines in their <a href="/wiki/Emission_spectrum" title="Emission spectrum">emission spectra</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a>, which forms compounds of many different colors, takes its name from <i>iris</i>, the Latin for "rainbow".<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Noble_gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble gases">noble gases</a> have all been named for their origin or properties. <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> comes from the Greek <i>helios</i>, meaning "Sun" because it was first detected as a line in the spectrum of the Sun (it is not known why the suffix <i>-ium</i>, which is used for metals, was chosen).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other noble gases are <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> ("new"), <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> ("slow, lazy"), <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a> ("hidden"), <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> ("stranger"), and <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a> ("from radium").<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many more elements have been given names that have little or nothing to do with their properties. Elements have been named for celestial bodies (<a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a>, for the Sun, Moon, and Earth; <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> and <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a>). They have been named for mythological figures, including <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titans</a> in general (<a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a> in particular (<a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a>); Roman and Greek gods (<a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>) and their descendants (<a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus">Tantalus</a>, a son of Zeus, and <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> for <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a>, a daughter of Tantalus); and Norse deities (<a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> for the goddess <a href="/wiki/List_of_names_of_Freyja" class="mw-redirect" title="List of names of Freyja">Vanadis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> for the god <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some elements were named for aspects of the history of their discovery. In particular, <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a> were so named because the first samples detected were <a href="/wiki/Promethium#Discovery_and_synthesis_of_promethium_metal" title="Promethium">artificially synthesised</a>; neither of the two has any isotope sufficiently stable to occur in nature on Earth in significant quantities. The <a href="/wiki/Promethium#Discovery_and_synthesis_of_promethium_metal" title="Promethium">connection</a> to the Titan Prometheus was that he had been fabled to have stolen fire from the gods for mankind. </p><p>Discoverers of some elements named them after their home country or city. <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> named <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a> after <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">lutetium</a> were based on the Latin names for Russia, France, Germany, and Paris. Other elements are named after the place where they were discovered. Four elements — <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">yttrium</a> — were named after the Swedish village <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a>, where ores containing them were extracted.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other elements named after places are <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_(regional_unit)" title="Magnesia (regional unit)">Magnesia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">scandium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">thulium</a> (after an old Roman name for an unidentified northern region), <a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> (derived from <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, where it was mined in the Roman era), <a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">hafnium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">americium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">berkelium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">californium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">darmstadtium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the elements up to 92 (uranium), naming elements after people was discouraged. The two exceptions are indirect, the elements being named after minerals that were themselves named after people. These were <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> (found in <a href="/wiki/Gadolinite" title="Gadolinite">gadolinite</a>, named after the Finnish chemist <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">samarium</a> (the mineral <a href="/wiki/Samarskite" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarskite">samarskite</a> was named after a Russian mining engineer, <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Samarsky-Bykhovets" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets">Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets</a>). Among the <a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">transuranium elements</a>, this restriction was relaxed; there followed <a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">curium</a> (after the Curies), <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">einsteinium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">fermium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">mendelevium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">nobelium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">lawrencium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nickon_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 320">: 320 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_to_IUPAC_standards">Relation to IUPAC standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relation to IUPAC standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages">Chemical elements in East Asian languages</a></div> <p>IUPAC has established international standards for naming elements. The first scientist or laboratory to isolate an element has the right to propose a name; after a review process, a final decision is made by the IUPAC Council. In keeping with tradition, names can be based on a mythological concept or character, astronomical object, mineral, place, property of the element or scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-Koppenol_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koppenol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For those elements that have not yet been discovered, IUPAC has established a systematic name system. The names combine syllables that represent the digits of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a>, followed by "-ium". For example, "unununium" is element 111 ("un" being the syllable for 1).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, once the element has been found, the systematic name is replaced by a trivial one, in this case <a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">roentgenium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leigh_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leigh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IUPAC names for elements are intended for use in the official languages. At the time of the first edition of the IUPAC Red Book (which contains the rules for inorganic compounds), those languages were English and French; now English is the sole official language.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other languages still have their own names for elements. The chemical symbol for <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>, W, is based on the German name <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wolfram</i></span>, which is found in <a href="/wiki/Wolframite" title="Wolframite">wolframite</a> and comes from the German for "wolf's foam", how the mineral was known to Saxon miners. The name <i>tungsten</i> means "heavy stone", a description of <a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">scheelite</a>, another mineral in which tungsten is found.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian names for hydrogen, oxygen and carbon are <i>vodorod</i>, <i>kislorod</i> and <i>uglerod</i> (generating water, acid and coal respectively). The German names for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wasserstoff</i></span> (water substance), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sauerstoff</i></span> (acid substance), and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stickstoff</i></span> (smothering substance). The corresponding Chinese names are <i>qīngqì</i> (light gas), <i>yǎngqì</i> (nourishing gas), and <i>dànqì</i> (diluting gas). A method for translating chemical names into Chinese was developed by John Fryer and Xu Shou in 1871. Where traditional names were well established, they kept them; otherwise, a single character was created.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inorganic_chemistry">Inorganic chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inorganic chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg/220px-Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg/330px-Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg/440px-Hematite-rich_BIF_ventifact.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="1754" /></a><figcaption>Red hematite-rich sample from a <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron formation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Early terminology for compound chemicals followed similar rules to the naming of elements. The names could be based on the appearance of the substance, including all five senses. In addition, chemicals were named after the consistency, crystalline form, a person or place, its putative medical properties or method of preparation.<sup id="cite_ref-Crosland_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> </p><p>Salt (<a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a>) is soluble and is used to enhance the taste of food. Substances with similar properties came to be known as salts, in particular <i>Epsom salt</i> (<a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">magnesium sulfate</a>, found in a bitter saline spring in the English town of <a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a> (with the little-used systematic name azanium<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was first extracted from <a href="/wiki/Sal_ammoniac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal ammoniac">sal ammoniac</a>, meaning "salt of Amun". Ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> noticed crystals of it in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Egyptian temples</a> devoted to the god <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>; the crystals had condensed from the smoke of burning camel dung.<sup id="cite_ref-Lower_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lower-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lead_acetate" title="Lead acetate">Lead acetate</a> was called <i>sugar of lead</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crosland_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 70, 77–78">: 70, 77–78 </span></sup> However, other names like <i>sugar of lead</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_acetate" title="Lead(II) acetate">lead(II) acetate</a>), <i>butter of antimony</i> (<a href="/wiki/Antimony_trichloride" title="Antimony trichloride">antimony trichloride</a>), <i>oil of vitriol</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>), and <i>cream of tartar</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potassium_bitartrate" title="Potassium bitartrate">potassium bitartrate</a>) borrowed their language from the kitchen.<sup id="cite_ref-Crosland_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 65–66">: 65–66 </span></sup> Many more names were based on color; for example, <a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">hematite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">orpiment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Verdigris" title="Verdigris">verdigris</a> come from words meaning "blood-like stone", "gold pigment", and "green of Greece".<sup id="cite_ref-Crosland_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 70">: 70 </span></sup> </p><p>Some names are based on their use. <a href="/wiki/Lime_(material)" title="Lime (material)">Lime</a> is a general name for materials combining calcium with carbonates, oxides or hydroxides; the name comes from a root "sticking or adhering"; its earliest use was as <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">mortar</a> for construction.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> has several systematic names, including <i><a href="/wiki/Oxidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidane">oxidane</a></i> (the IUPAC name), <i>hydrogen oxide</i>, and <i>dihydrogen monoxide</i> (DHMO). The latter was the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Dihydrogen_monoxide_hoax" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydrogen monoxide hoax">dihydrogen monoxide hoax</a>, a document that was circulated warning readers of the dangers of the chemical (for example, it is <a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">fatal if inhaled</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DHMO_coalition_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHMO_coalition-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organic_chemistry">Organic chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organic chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In organic chemistry, some trivial names derive from a notable property of the thing being named. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Lecithin" title="Lecithin">lecithin</a>, the common name for <a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine" title="Phosphatidylcholine">phosphatidylcholine</a>, was originally isolated from <a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg yolk">egg yolk</a>. The word is coined from the Greek λέκιθος (lékithos) for <i>yolk</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many trivial names continue to be used because their sanctioned equivalents are considered too cumbersome for everyday use. For example, "<a href="/wiki/Tartaric_acid" title="Tartaric acid">tartaric acid</a>", a compound found in <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, has a systematic name of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid. The pigment <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Carotene" title="Β-Carotene">β-Carotene</a> has an IUPAC name of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1<i>E</i>,3<i>E</i>,5<i>E</i>,7<i>E</i>,9<i>E</i>,11<i>E</i>,13<i>E</i>,15<i>E</i>,17<i>E</i>)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohexene.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the trivial name can be potentially confusing. Based on its name, one might come to the conclusion that the molecule <a href="/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">theobromine</a> contains one or more bromine atoms. In reality it is an alkaloid similar in structure to caffeine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shape-based">Shape-based</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shape-based"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several organic molecules have semitrivial names where the suffixes <i>-ane</i> (for an <a href="/wiki/Alkane" title="Alkane">alkane</a>) or <i>-ene</i> (for an <a href="/wiki/Alkene" title="Alkene">alkene</a>) are added to a name based on the shape of the molecule.<sup id="cite_ref-Nickon_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xi">: xi </span></sup> Some are pictured below. Other examples include <a href="/wiki/Barrelene" title="Barrelene">barrelene</a> (shaped like a barrel),<sup id="cite_ref-Nickon_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fenestrane" title="Fenestrane">fenestrane</a> (having a window-pane motif),<sup id="cite_ref-Nickon_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55">: 55 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ladderane" title="Ladderane">ladderane</a> (a ladder shape), <a href="/wiki/Olympiadane" title="Olympiadane">olympiadane</a> (having a shape with the same topology as the Olympic rings) and <a href="/wiki/Quadratic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadratic acid">quadratic acid</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Squaric_acid" title="Squaric acid">squaric acid</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 97.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Basketane"><img alt="Basketane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png/143px-Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png/214px-Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png/286px-Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Basketane" title="Basketane">Basketane</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 112.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuban.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cubane"><img alt="Cubane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cuban.svg/166px-Cuban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cuban.svg/249px-Cuban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cuban.svg/332px-Cuban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cubane" title="Cubane">Cubane</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dodecahedrane"><img alt="Dodecahedrane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png/187px-Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png/280px-Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png/374px-Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dodecahedrane" title="Dodecahedrane">Dodecahedrane</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 66.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 64.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Housane.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Housane"><img alt="Housane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Housane.svg/97px-Housane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Housane.svg/145px-Housane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Housane.svg/194px-Housane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="949" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Housane" title="Housane">Housane</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympicene.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympicene"><img alt="Olympicene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Olympicene.svg/257px-Olympicene.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Olympicene.svg/386px-Olympicene.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Olympicene.svg/514px-Olympicene.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Olympicene" title="Olympicene">Olympicene</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prismane-stick.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Prismane"><img alt="Prismane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Prismane-stick.png/195px-Prismane-stick.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Prismane-stick.png/292px-Prismane-stick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Prismane-stick.png/390px-Prismane-stick.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Prismane" title="Prismane">Prismane</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetrahedrane"><img alt="Tetrahedrane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png/187px-Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png/281px-Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png/374px-Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tetrahedrane" title="Tetrahedrane">Tetrahedrane</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Based_on_fiction">Based on fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Based on fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_(1896).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg/170px-Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg/255px-Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg/340px-Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1874" /></a><figcaption>The antibiotic <a href="/wiki/Rudolphomycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolphomycin">rudolphomycin</a> is named after the character Rodolfo from the opera <i><a href="/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" class="mw-redirect" title="La Bohème">La Bohème</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bohemic_acid" title="Bohemic acid">bohemic acid</a> complex is a mixture of chemicals obtained through fermentation of a species of <a href="/wiki/Actinomycetota" title="Actinomycetota">actinobacteria</a>. In 1977 the components were isolated and have been found useful as antitumor agents and <a href="/wiki/Anthracycline" title="Anthracycline">anthracycline antibiotics</a>. The authors named the complex (and one of its components, bohemamine) after the opera <i><a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème">La bohème</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Puccini</a>, and the remaining components were named after characters in the opera: alcindoromycin (Alcindoro), collinemycin (Colline), marcellomycin (Marcello), mimimycin (Mimi), musettamycin (Musetta), rudolphomycin (Rodolfo) and schaunardimycin (Schaunard).<sup id="cite_ref-Nickon_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickon-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64">: 64 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the relationships between the characters do not correctly reflect the chemical relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-ShowBiz_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShowBiz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A research lab at Lepetit Pharmaceuticals, led by Piero Sensi, was fond of coining nicknames for chemicals that they discovered, later converting them to a form more acceptable for publication. The antibiotic <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a> was named after a French movie, <i><a href="/wiki/Rififi" title="Rififi">Rififi</a></i>, about a jewel heist. They nicknamed another antibiotic "<a href="/wiki/Mata_Hari" title="Mata Hari">Mata Hari</a>" before changing the name to <i><a href="/wiki/Matamycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Matamycin">matamycin</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ShowBiz_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShowBiz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_compounds_with_unusual_names" title="List of chemical compounds with unusual names">List of chemical compounds with unusual names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry#Common_nomenclature_–_trivial_names" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">Organic chemistry: Common nomenclature – trivial names</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Leigh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leigh_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leigh_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leigh_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leigh_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeigh2012">Leigh 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1992" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Peter A. S. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed069p877">"Trivial names for chemical substances: Will they be taught or forgotten in the twenty-first century?"</a>. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>69</b> (11): 877. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JChEd..69..877S">1992JChEd..69..877S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed069p877">10.1021/ed069p877</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=Trivial+names+for+chemical+substances%3A+Will+they+be+taught+or+forgotten+in+the+twenty-first+century%3F&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=877&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed069p877&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992JChEd..69..877S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%252Fed069p877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisStanleyPeck2007" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Raymond E.; Stanley, George G.; Peck, Larry M. (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry0000unse">"Names of the elements"</a></span>. In Whitten, Kenneth W. (ed.). <i>Chemistry</i> (8th ed.). Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495011965" title="Special:BookSources/9780495011965"><bdi>9780495011965</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Names+of+the+elements&rft.btitle=Chemistry&rft.place=Belmont&rft.pages=64-65&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Thomson+Brooks%2FCole&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780495011965&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft.au=Stanley%2C+George+G.&rft.au=Peck%2C+Larry+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistry0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koppenol-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koppenol_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koppenol_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoppenol2002" class="citation journal cs1">Koppenol, W. H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/295589/files/pac200274050787.pdf">"Naming of new elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <b>74</b> (5): 787–791. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200274050787">10.1351/pac200274050787</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:95859397">95859397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Naming+of+new+elements+%28IUPAC+Recommendations+2002%29&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=787-791&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac200274050787&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A95859397%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Koppenol&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoc.rero.ch%2Frecord%2F295589%2Ffiles%2Fpac200274050787.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_B._Jensen" title="William B. Jensen">Jensen, William B.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.che.uc.edu/Jensen/W.%20B.%20Jensen/Reprints/115.%20Helium.pdf">"Why Helium Ends in "-ium"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>81</b> (7): 81–82. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JChEd..81..944J">2004JChEd..81..944J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed081p944">10.1021/ed081p944</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=Why+Helium+Ends+in+%22-ium%22&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=81-82&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed081p944&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004JChEd..81..944J&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.che.uc.edu%2FJensen%2FW.%2520B.%2520Jensen%2FReprints%2F115.%2520Helium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enghag-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Enghag_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enghag_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enghag_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enghag_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnghag2004" class="citation book cs1">Enghag, Per (2004). "7.1. Element names". <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaelem00engh"><i>Encyclopedia of the Elements Technical Data - History - Processing - Applications</i></a></span>. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaelem00engh/page/n137">71</a>–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783527612345" title="Special:BookSources/9783527612345"><bdi>9783527612345</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.1.+Element+names&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Elements+Technical+Data+-+History+-+Processing+-+Applications.&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pages=71-78&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9783527612345&rft.aulast=Enghag&rft.aufirst=Per&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaelem00engh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nickon-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nickon_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickon_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickon_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickon_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickon_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNickonSilversmith1987">Nickon & Silversmith 1987</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatt1979" class="citation journal cs1">Chatt, J. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/element.html">"Recommendations for the Naming of Elements of Atomic Numbers Greater than 100"</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <b>51</b> (2): 381–384. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac197951020381">10.1351/pac197951020381</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+the+Naming+of+Elements+of+Atomic+Numbers+Greater+than+100&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=381-384&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac197951020381&rft.aulast=Chatt&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.qmul.ac.uk%2Fiupac%2FAtWt%2Felement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamhus2005" class="citation journal cs1">Damhus, Ture (July–August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2005/2704/ud_goya.html">"Reply to 'Wolfram vs. Tungsten' by Pilar Goya and Pascual Román"</a>. <i>Chemistry International</i>. <b>27</b> (4)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+International&rft.atitle=Reply+to+%27Wolfram+vs.+Tungsten%27+by+Pilar+Goya+and+Pascual+Rom%C3%A1n&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2005-07%2F2005-08&rft.aulast=Damhus&rft.aufirst=Ture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fci%2F2005%2F2704%2Fud_goya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoyaRomán2005" class="citation journal cs1">Goya, Piler; Román, Pascual (July–August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2005/2704/ud_goya.html">"Wolfram vs. Tungsten"</a>. <i>Chemistry International</i>. <b>27</b> (4)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+International&rft.atitle=Wolfram+vs.+Tungsten&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2005-07%2F2005-08&rft.aulast=Goya&rft.aufirst=Piler&rft.au=Rom%C3%A1n%2C+Pascual&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fci%2F2005%2F2704%2Fud_goya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHao2004" class="citation journal cs1">Hao, Chang (January–February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2004/2601/3_hao.html">"Chinese Terms for Chemical Elements: Characters Combining Radical and Phonetic Elements"</a>. <i>Chemistry International</i>. <b>26</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+International&rft.atitle=Chinese+Terms+for+Chemical+Elements%3A+Characters+Combining+Radical+and+Phonetic+Elements&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2004-01%2F2004-02&rft.aulast=Hao&rft.aufirst=Chang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fci%2F2004%2F2601%2F3_hao.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crosland-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crosland_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crosland_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crosland_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crosland_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrosland2004" class="citation book cs1">Crosland, Maurice P. (2004). <i>Historical studies in the language of chemistry</i> (First published in 1978; 2004 reprint ed.). Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486438023" title="Special:BookSources/9780486438023"><bdi>9780486438023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+studies+in+the+language+of+chemistry&rft.place=Mineola%2C+N.Y.&rft.edition=First+published+in+1978%3B+2004+reprint&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780486438023&rft.aulast=Crosland&rft.aufirst=Maurice+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Inorganic_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry">Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry</a></i> (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">RSC</a>–<a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8">0-85404-438-8</a>. pp. 71,105,314. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf">Electronic version.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lower-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lower_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLower" class="citation web cs1">Lower, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/intro/int-5.html">"Naming chemical substances"</a>. <i>General Chemistry Virtual Textbook</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Chemistry+Virtual+Textbook&rft.atitle=Naming+chemical+substances&rft.aulast=Lower&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem1.com%2Facad%2Fwebtext%2Fintro%2Fint-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2001–2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Harper, Douglas (2001–2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=lime">"lime (n.1)"</a>. <i>Online etymology dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=lime+%28n.1%29&rft.btitle=Online+etymology+dictionary&rft.date=2001%2F2013&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dlime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruszelnicki2006" class="citation web cs1">Kruszelnicki, Karl S. (17 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/05/17/1631494.htm?site=science/greatmomentsinscience">"Mysterious killer chemical"</a>. <i>ABC Science</i>. America Broadcasting Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Science&rft.atitle=Mysterious+killer+chemical&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft.aulast=Kruszelnicki&rft.aufirst=Karl+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Farticles%2F2006%2F05%2F17%2F1631494.htm%3Fsite%3Dscience%2Fgreatmomentsinscience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DHMO_coalition-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DHMO_coalition_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1994" class="citation cs2">Jackson, Craig (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961031232918/http://media.circus.com/~no_dhmo/"><i>Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide!</i></a>, Coalition to ban DHMO, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.circus.com/~no_dhmo/">the original</a> on 31 October 1996</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ban+Dihydrogen+Monoxide%21&rft.pub=Coalition+to+ban+DHMO&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.circus.com%2F~no_dhmo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970125144038/http://media.circus.com/~no_dhmo/members.html"><i>Coalition to ban DHMO officers</i></a>, Coalition to ban DHMO, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.circus.com/~no_dhmo/members.html">the original</a> on 25 January 1997</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coalition+to+ban+DHMO+officers&rft.pub=Coalition+to+ban+DHMO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.circus.com%2F~no_dhmo%2Fmembers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalmeijerOlthofVerhoefBots2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dalmeijer, GW; Olthof, MR; Verhoef, P; Bots, ML; Van der Schouw, YT (2008). "Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women". <i>European Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>62</b> (3): 386–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1602725">10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602725</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17375117">17375117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Prospective+study+on+dietary+intakes+of+folate%2C+betaine%2C+and+choline+and+cardiovascular+disease+risk+in+women.&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=386-94&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1602725&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17375117&rft.aulast=Dalmeijer&rft.aufirst=GW&rft.au=Olthof%2C+MR&rft.au=Verhoef%2C+P&rft.au=Bots%2C+ML&rft.au=Van+der+Schouw%2C+YT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGobley1874" class="citation journal cs1">Gobley, Nicolas Theodore (1874). "Sur la lécithine et la cérébrine". <i>Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie</i>: t20, 98–103, 161–166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Pharmacie+et+de+Chimie&rft.atitle=Sur+la+l%C3%A9cithine+et+la+c%C3%A9r%C3%A9brine&rft.pages=t20%2C+98-103%2C+161-166&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Gobley&rft.aufirst=Nicolas+Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5280489">"beta Carotene - Compound Summary"</a>. <i>PubChem Compound</i>. National Center for Biotechnology Information<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PubChem+Compound&rft.atitle=beta+Carotene+-+Compound+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsummary%2Fsummary.cgi%3Fcid%3D5280489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNettletonBalitzDoyleBradner1980" class="citation journal cs1">Nettleton, Donald E.; Balitz, David M.; Doyle, Terrence W.; Bradner, William T.; Johnson, David L.; O'Herron, Frances A.; Schreiber, Richard H.; Coon, Alonzo B.; Moseley, John E.; Myllymaki, Robert W. (1980). "Antitumor Agents From Bohemic Acid Complex, III. The Isolation of Marcellomycin, Musettamycin, Rudolphomycin, Mimimycin, Collinemycin, Alcindoromycin, and Bohemamine". <i>Journal of Natural Products</i>. <b>43</b> (2): 242–258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fnp50008a003">10.1021/np50008a003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7381507">7381507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=Antitumor+Agents+From+Bohemic+Acid+Complex%2C+III.+The+Isolation+of+Marcellomycin%2C+Musettamycin%2C+Rudolphomycin%2C+Mimimycin%2C+Collinemycin%2C+Alcindoromycin%2C+and+Bohemamine&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=242-258&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fnp50008a003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7381507&rft.aulast=Nettleton&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft.au=Balitz%2C+David+M.&rft.au=Doyle%2C+Terrence+W.&rft.au=Bradner%2C+William+T.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David+L.&rft.au=O%27Herron%2C+Frances+A.&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+Richard+H.&rft.au=Coon%2C+Alonzo+B.&rft.au=Moseley%2C+John+E.&rft.au=Myllymaki%2C+Robert+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShowBiz-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ShowBiz_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShowBiz_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronson1999" class="citation journal cs1">Aronson, Jeff (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116803">"That's show business"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>319</b> (7215). BMJ Group: 972. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.319.7215.972">10.1136/bmj.319.7215.972</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116803">1116803</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514162">10514162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=That%27s+show+business&rft.volume=319&rft.issue=7215&rft.pages=972&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1116803%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10514162&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.319.7215.972&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1116803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The created character consists of a <a href="/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical (Chinese characters)">radical</a> – which, for an element, is "metal" or "air" (gas) or "water" (liquid) or "stone" (<a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">metalloid</a>) – and a component for the sound from a Western name of the element.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For details, see <a href="/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages#Chinese" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages">Chemical elements in East Asian languages#Chinese</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndraos" class="citation web cs1">Andraos, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Glossary-Coined-Terms.pdf">"Glossary of Coined Names & Terms Used in Science"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>careerchem.com</i>. Canaca.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=careerchem.com&rft.atitle=Glossary+of+Coined+Names+%26+Terms+Used+in+Science&rft.aulast=Andraos&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.careerchem.com%2FNAMED%2FGlossary-Coined-Terms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrving1978" class="citation journal cs1">Irving, H. M. N. H. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023315/http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1978/pdf/5004x0339.pdf">"Guide to trivial names, trade names and synonyms for substances used in analytical nomenclature"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <b>50</b>: 338–370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-022382-7.50003-6">10.1016/b978-0-08-022382-7.50003-6</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1978/pdf/5004x0339.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Guide+to+trivial+names%2C+trade+names+and+synonyms+for+substances+used+in+analytical+nomenclature&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=338-370&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-022382-7.50003-6&rft.aulast=Irving&rft.aufirst=H.+M.+N.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpac.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2Fpdf%2F1978%2Fpdf%2F5004x0339.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoppenol2002" class="citation journal cs1">Koppenol, W. H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/295589/files/pac200274050787.pdf">"Naming of new elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <b>74</b> (5): 787–791. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200274050787">10.1351/pac200274050787</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:95859397">95859397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Naming+of+new+elements+%28IUPAC+Recommendations+2002%29&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=787-791&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac200274050787&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A95859397%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Koppenol&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoc.rero.ch%2Frecord%2F295589%2Ffiles%2Fpac200274050787.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh2011" class="citation book cs1">Leigh, G. J. (2011). <i>Principles of chemical nomenclature : a guide to IUPAC recommendations</i> (2011 ed.). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849730075" title="Special:BookSources/9781849730075"><bdi>9781849730075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+chemical+nomenclature+%3A+a+guide+to+IUPAC+recommendations&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2011&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781849730075&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=G.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh2012" class="citation journal cs1">Leigh, Jeffrey (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2012/3405/NN.html">"Systematic and Trivial Nomenclature"</a>. <i>Chemistry International</i>. <b>34</b> (5)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+International&rft.atitle=Systematic+and+Trivial+Nomenclature&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fci%2F2012%2F3405%2FNN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay2008" class="citation book cs1">May, Paul W. (2008). <i>Molecules with silly or unusual names</i>. London: Imperial College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84816-207-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84816-207-5"><bdi>978-1-84816-207-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecules+with+silly+or+unusual+names&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Imperial+College+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84816-207-5&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickonSilversmith1987" class="citation book cs1">Nickon, Alex; Silversmith, Ernest F. (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/organicchemistry0000nick"><i>Organic Chemistry, the Name Game: Modern Coined Terms and Their Origins</i></a></span>. Pergamon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-08-034481-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-08-034481-X"><bdi>0-08-034481-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organic+Chemistry%2C+the+Name+Game%3A+Modern+Coined+Terms+and+Their+Origins&rft.pub=Pergamon&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-08-034481-X&rft.aulast=Nickon&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Silversmith%2C+Ernest+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Forganicchemistry0000nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonneveldLoening1988" class="citation book cs1">Sonneveld, W. B.; Loening, K. L. (1988). "A terminologist's and a chemist's look at chemical neologisms". In Strehlow, Richard A. (ed.). <i>Standardization of technical terminology : principles and practices (second volume)</i>. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM STP 991. pp. 23–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803111837" title="Special:BookSources/9780803111837"><bdi>9780803111837</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+terminologist%27s+and+a+chemist%27s+look+at+chemical+neologisms&rft.btitle=Standardization+of+technical+terminology+%3A+principles+and+practices+%28second+volume%29&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=23-28&rft.pub=ASTM+STP+991&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780803111837&rft.aulast=Sonneveld&rft.aufirst=W.+B.&rft.au=Loening%2C+K.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrivial+name" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/103/106239/chemistry2e-PearsonEd-Append13.pdf">Appendix 13: Trivial names still in common use for selected inorganic and organic compounds, inorganic ions and organic substituents</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodic_table" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template talk:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Periodic table forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_periodic_tables" title="Types of periodic tables">Alternatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">Extended periodic table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements" title="Names for sets of chemical elements">Sets of elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By periodic table structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2 (Alkaline earth metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13 (Triels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14 (Tetrels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15 (Pnictogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16 (Chalcogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17 (Halogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18 (Noble gases)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">8+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Aufbau_model" title="Extended periodic table">Aufbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Fricke" title="Extended periodic table">Fricke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Pyykkö" title="Extended periodic table">Pyykkö</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aufbau_principle" title="Aufbau principle">Aufbau principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_metals,_metalloids_and_nonmetals" title="Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals">metallicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">Transition metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">Post-transition metals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">Metalloids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_metalloids" title="Lists of metalloids">Lists of metalloids by source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividing_line_between_metals_and_nonmetals" title="Dividing line between metals and nonmetals">Dividing line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal">Nonmetals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">Noble gases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Other sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_group" title="Platinum group">Platinum-group metals (PGM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory_metals" title="Refractory metals">Refractory metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Coinage metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_metal" title="Noble metal">Noble metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_element" title="Heavy metal element">Heavy metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_metal" title="Native metal">Native metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">Transuranium elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheavy_element" title="Superheavy element">Superheavy elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_actinide" title="Major actinide">Major actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">Minor actinides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By: <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">Abundance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body" title="Composition of the human body">in humans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_atomic_properties" title="List of elements by atomic properties">Atomic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes" title="List of elements by stability of isotopes">Nuclear stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_symbol" title="Chemical symbol">Symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Properties" title="Chemical element">Properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aqueous_ions_by_element" title="List of aqueous ions by element">Aqueous chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)" title="Periodic table (crystal structure)">Crystal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)" title="Periodic table (electron configurations)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification" title="Goldschmidt classification">Goldschmidt classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_symbol" title="Term symbol">Term symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Data pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Abundances of the elements (data page)">Abundance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page)">Atomic radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page)">Boiling point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Critical points of the elements (data page)">Critical point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page)">Elasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)">Electrical resistivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)" title="Electron affinity (data page)">Electron affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page)">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page)">Hardness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page)">Heat capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)">Heat of fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)">Heat of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Ionization energies of the elements (data page)">Ionization energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Melting points of the elements (data page)">Melting point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements" title="Speeds of sound of the elements">Speed of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)">Thermal conductivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansivities_of_the_elements" title="Thermal expansivities of the elements">Thermal expansion coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)">Vapor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table" title="History of the periodic table">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_chemical_elements" title="Discovery of chemical elements">Element discoveries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev#Periodic_table" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">1871 table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeleev%27s_predicted_elements" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements">1869 predictions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_chemical_elements" title="Naming of chemical elements">Naming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies" title="List of chemical element name etymologies">etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_naming_controversies" title="List of chemical element naming controversies">controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_places" title="List of chemical elements named after places">for places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people" title="List of chemical elements named after people">for people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages">in East Asian languages</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_element_name" title="Systematic element name">systematic element name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trivial name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Periodic_table" title="Category:Periodic table">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Elements" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913170#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4127029-0">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&oldid=1246979911">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&oldid=1246979911</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_nomenclature" title="Category:Chemical nomenclature">Chemical nomenclature</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 September 2024, at 04:48<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vbjf2","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.823","walltime":"1.130","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4752,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":115559,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1883,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":120349,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 869.289 1 -total"," 32.96% 286.537 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.64% 162.002 14 Template:Cite_journal"," 15.48% 134.567 4 Template:Lang"," 13.08% 113.680 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.10% 105.195 5 Template:Navbox"," 11.54% 100.310 1 Template:Navbox_periodic_table"," 7.49% 65.095 9 Template:Rp"," 6.72% 58.457 9 Template:R/superscript"," 6.56% 57.055 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.500","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24096666,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAndraos\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAronson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatt1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrosland2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalmeijerOlthofVerhoefBots2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDamhus2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisStanleyPeck2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnghag2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGobley1874\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoyaRomán2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHao2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarper2001–2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrving1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJensen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoppenol2002\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKruszelnicki2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeigh2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeigh2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLower\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMay2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNettletonBalitzDoyleBradner1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNickonSilversmith1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSonneveldLoening1988\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 4,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Trivial Name\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Lang\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Navbox periodic table\"] = 1,\n [\"RedBookRef\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 9,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-m825k","timestamp":"20241122144259","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Trivial name","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trivial_name","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q913170","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q913170","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-10T09:45:00Z","dateModified":"2024-09-22T04:48:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f7\/Mercury_by_Hendrick_Goltzius.jpg","headline":"non-systematic name for a chemical substance"}</script> </body> </html>