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class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><b>Robert Battey</b> (November 26, 1828 - November 8, 1895) was an American physician who is known for pioneering a surgical procedure then called Battey's Operation and now termed radical <a href="/wiki/Oophorectomy" title="Oophorectomy">oophorectomy</a> (or removal of a woman's ovaries).<sup id="cite_ref-AMB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Battey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Robert_Battey.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="212"></a><figcaption>Robert Battey</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Controversy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Controversy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Medical_Association_Memberships"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Medical Association Memberships</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Battey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Robert Battey was born in <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta, Georgia</a> to Cephas and Mary Agnes Magruder Battey. He was educated in Augusta and at <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover, Massachusetts</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_College_of_Pharmacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia College of Pharmacy">Philadelphia College of Pharmacy</a> in 1856. He went on to take courses at <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson Medical College">Jefferson Medical College</a>, graduating in 1857. In the same year he studied at the Obstetrical Institute of Philadelphia gaining a diploma from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>. In 1859 he toured Ireland and also Great Britain, where he was introduced to the ovariotomist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spencer_Wells" title="Thomas Spencer Wells">Thomas Spencer Wells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Battey served four years as a <a href="/wiki/Surgeon" title="Surgeon">surgeon</a> in the Nineteenth Georgia Volunteer Regiment during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. After the Confederate surrender in April 1865, Battey resumed his practice in <a href="/wiki/Rome,_Georgia" title="Rome, Georgia">Rome, Georgia</a>. His field of study was <a href="/wiki/Gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynecology">gynecology</a>, and he became well known for a procedure he pioneered to remove a woman's ovaries. Initially referred to as ovariotomy, and named "Battey's Operation" in his honor, it is what today is termed a radical <a href="/wiki/Oophorectomy" title="Oophorectomy">oophorectomy</a>. He performed the first successful oophorectomy in May 1869 when he successfully removed a large <a href="/wiki/Dermoid_cyst" title="Dermoid cyst">dermoid cyst</a> from a physician's wife. On August 27, 1872 he performed his first 'normal' oophorectomy. The patient, Julie Omberg, had diseased ovaries and lived to be 80 years old. There was a lynch mob waiting for Dr. Battey if he failed the operation. </p><p>He was instrumental in establishing the Gynecological Infirmary in <a href="/wiki/Rome,_Georgia" title="Rome, Georgia">Rome, Georgia</a>, later enlarged and renamed the Martha Battey Hospital in honor of his wife. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome,_GA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg/220px-Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="3189"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 330px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg/220px-Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg/330px-Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg/440px-Robert_Battey_Monument_in_Rome%2C_GA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Monument honoring Battey in front of the <a href="/wiki/City_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="City hall">city hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome,_Georgia" title="Rome, Georgia">Rome, Georgia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1873, Battey became a professor of <a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">obstetrics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta Medical College">Atlanta Medical College</a>, where he stayed until 1875. He co-founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Gynecological_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Gynecological Society (page does not exist)">American Gynecological Society</a> in 1876, and was elected president in 1888. Hecontinued to practice medicine until his death on November 8, 1895. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Battey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Controversy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>During the second half of the 19th century many women were treated using bilateral oophorectomy for conditions recognised today such as <a href="/wiki/Amenorrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenorrhoea">amenorrhoea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">dysmenorrhoea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menometrorrhagia" title="Menometrorrhagia">menometrorrhagia</a>, and various conditions that were variously referred to at the time as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_neurosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvic neurosis (page does not exist)">pelvic neurosis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oophoromania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oophoromania (page does not exist)">oophoromania</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oophoralgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oophoralgia (page does not exist)">oophoralgia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menstrual_molimina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menstrual molimina (page does not exist)">menstrual molimina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome" title="Premenstrual syndrome">premenstrual syndrome</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovarian_epilepsy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovarian epilepsy (page does not exist)">ovarian epilepsy</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexuologic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sexuologic (page does not exist)">sexuologic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">nymphomania</a>) disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Battey himself is credited by E.P. Becton in 1888 with performing several hundred oophorectomies (cited in<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and by 1906, following its widespread practice, Van De Warker estimated that 150,000 women had undergone this procedure (cited in<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>However, mortality following the procedure remained high, even into the late 1870s, and of 35 cases described by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Russell_Simpson" title="Alexander Russell Simpson">Alexander Russell Simpson</a>, 12 women died.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, debate on the efficacy of oophorectomy remained controversial until the end of the 19th century, when <a href="/w/index.php?title=J_Whitridge_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J Whitridge Williams (page does not exist)">J Whitridge Williams</a> maintained that many of the ovaries he had examined after removal were normal, and that many operations had not been justified.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even Battey himself in 1887 conceded that his more favorable results (9/9) were for ovarian epilepsy, whereas cure rates were only 13/20 and 1/7 for oophoralgia and oophoromania respectively (cited in <sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Ironically, Thomas Spencer Wells, the ovariotomist Battey had first met in 1859, went on (at a Symposium attended by Battey and Alfred Hagar in 1886) to condemn the practice of surgical castration for mental or nervous diseases,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saying "That in nearly all cases of nervous excitement and madness it [oophorectomy] is inadmissible" and "That in nymphomania and mental diseases it [oophorectomy] is, to say the least, unjustifiable". Finally, just 3 years after Battey's own presidency of the society, A Reeves Jackson, the 1891 president of the American Gynecological Society, in a retrospective examination of the first 15 years of the Society's activities "..made a ruthless self-examination of its Fellow's past practices, and a scathing condemnation of their irrational surgical procedures, including Battey's operation...".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The value of the experimental surgery championed by Battey is less that it contributed to an improvement of women's physical, emotional and mental well being, and more that it incidentally helped in the perfection of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_surgery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvic surgery (page does not exist)">pelvic surgery</a> and provided clear evidence for the concept that there was an unambiguous relationship between <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovarian_function&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovarian function (page does not exist)">ovarian function</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Medical_Association_Memberships">Medical Association Memberships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Battey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medical Association Memberships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Gynecological_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Gynecological Society (page does not exist)">American Gynecological Society</a> (for further reading see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agosonline.org/public/PDF/Taylor_AGOS_history.pdf">here</a>.)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Battey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AMB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMB_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKellyBurrage" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:American Medical Biographies/Battey, Robert"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/American_Medical_Biographies/Battey,_Robert">"Battey, Robert" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:American Medical Biographies"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/American_Medical_Biographies"><i>American Medical Biographies</i> </a></span>. Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Battey%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=American+Medical+Biographies&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=The+Norman%2C+Remington+Company&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Battey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiery1998" class="citation journal cs1">Thiery, Michel (1998). "Battey's operation: an exercise in surgical frustration". <i>European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology</i>. <b>81</b> (2): 243–246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0301-2115%2898%2900197-3">10.1016/S0301-2115(98)00197-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9989872">9989872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Obstetrics+%26+Gynecology+and+Reproductive+Biology&rft.atitle=Battey%27s+operation%3A+an+exercise+in+surgical+frustration.&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=243-246&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0301-2115%2898%2900197-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9989872&rft.aulast=Thiery&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Battey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongo1979" class="citation journal cs1">Longo, Lawrence D (1979). "The rise and fall of Battey's operation: a fashion in surgery". <i>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</i>. <b>53</b> (2): 244–267. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/389321">389321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+History+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Battey%27s+operation%3A+a+fashion+in+surgery&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=244-267&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F389321&rft.aulast=Longo&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Battey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson1879" class="citation journal cs1">Simpson, Alexander Russell (May 24, 1879). "Case of double oophorectomy, or Battey's operation: with remarks". <i>British Medical Journal</i>: 763–766.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Case+of+double+oophorectomy%2C+or+Battey%27s+operation%3A+with+remarks.&rft.pages=763-766&rft.date=1879-05-24&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Battey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyrone1952" class="citation journal cs1">Tyrone, Curtis (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9610%2852%2990327-9">"Certain aspects of gynecologic practice in the late nineteenth century"</a>. <i>American Journal of Surgery</i>. <b>July</b> (1): 95–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9610%2852%2990327-9">10.1016/0002-9610(52)90327-9</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14924063">14924063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Certain+aspects+of+gynecologic+practice+in+the+late+nineteenth+century&rft.volume=July&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=95-106&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0002-9610%2852%2990327-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14924063&rft.aulast=Tyrone&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0002-9610%252852%252990327-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Battey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1886" class="citation journal cs1">Wells, T Spencer (1886). "Castration in mental and nervous diseases". <i>The American Journal of the Medical Sciences</i>. <b>184</b>: 455–471.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+the+Medical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Castration+in+mental+and+nervous+diseases&rft.volume=184&rft.pages=455-471&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=T+Spencer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Battey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeert1980" class="citation book cs1">Speert, H (1980). <i>Obstetrics and gynecology in America. A history</i>. Baltimore MD: Waverly Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Obstetrics+and+gynecology+in+America.+A+history.&rft.place=Baltimore+MD&rft.pub=Waverly+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Speert&rft.aufirst=H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Battey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Battey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://romegeorgia.com/history.html">[1]</a></li> <li>Parsons, Charlotte Warner. <i>Battey Heritage Book Vol.1</i>, Rome, Georgia, Privately Published</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/8xzqx">Papers</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rose.library.emory.edu/">Stuart A. 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