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class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Spis treści" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Instruction Level Parallelism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 15 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="توازي على مستوى التعليمة – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توازي على مستوى التعليمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paral%C2%B7lelisme_a_nivell_d%27instrucci%C3%B3" title="Paral·lelisme a nivell d'instrucció – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paral·lelisme a nivell d'instrucció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction-level_parallelism" title="Instruction-level parallelism – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Instruction-level parallelism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84" title="موازی‌سازی در سطح دستورالعمل – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موازی‌سازی در سطح دستورالعمل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%A0%B9%EC%96%B4_%EC%88%98%EC%A4%80_%EB%B3%91%EB%A0%AC%EC%84%B1" title="명령어 수준 병렬성 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="명령어 수준 병렬성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_level_parallelism" title="Instruction level parallelism – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Instruction level parallelism" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%A6%E5%88%97%E6%80%A7" title="命令レベルの並列性 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="命令レベルの並列性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralelizare_la_nivel_de_instruc%C8%9Biune" title="Paralelizare la nivel de instrucțiune – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paralelizare la nivel de instrucțiune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Параллелизм на уровне команд – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Параллелизм на уровне команд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_level_parallelism" title="Instruction level parallelism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Instruction level parallelism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Паралелизам на нивоу наредбе – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паралелизам на нивоу наредбе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction-level_parallelism" title="Instruction-level parallelism – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Instruction-level parallelism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komut_seviyesi_paralellik" title="Komut seviyesi paralellik – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Komut seviyesi paralellik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Паралелізм на рівні команд – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Паралелізм на рівні команд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%B1%A4%E7%B4%9A%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C" title="指令層級平行 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="指令層級平行" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" 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dir="ltr"><p><b>Instruction Level Parallelism</b> (<b>ILP</b>) – parametr dotyczący <a href="/wiki/Oprogramowanie" title="Oprogramowanie">oprogramowania</a>, który mówi o tym jaka część z operacji zawartych w kodzie może być wykonana <a href="/wiki/Obliczenia_r%C3%B3wnoleg%C5%82e" title="Obliczenia równoległe">równolegle</a>. ILP może być wartością czysto teoretyczna, w której dany programy analizowany jest tak jakby był uruchamiany na maszynie o nieskończonej liczbie zasobów. To znaczy nie są brane pod uwagę inne programy i braki ograniczonych zasobów typu <a href="/wiki/Rejestr_procesora" title="Rejestr procesora">rejestry</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. ILP może być również traktowane jako średnia liczba instrukcji faktycznie wykonywanych równolegle i mówi się wówczas o metodach zwiększania ILP<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obliczenia_ILP">Obliczenia ILP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Obliczenia ILP" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Obliczenia ILP"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> W dosyć prostym przypadku można wyobrazić sobie taki program:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wynik</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cd</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div><p>W tym wypadku obliczenie wartości <i>ab</i> nie zależy od obliczenia <i>cd</i> i można je wykonać równolegle. Mamy zatem dwa polecenia wykonane w jednej jednostce czasu i trzecią, która wykonana zostanie w drugiej jednostce. Czyli ILP wynosi 3 / 2 = 1½. </p><p>Można też rozpatrywać to na zasadzie budowania <a href="/wiki/Graf_(matematyka)" title="Graf (matematyka)">grafu</a> <a href="/wiki/Zale%C5%BCno%C5%9B%C4%87_oprogramowania" title="Zależność oprogramowania">zależności</a> konsumentów i producentów. Zmienna <i>wynik</i> jest konsumentem, który jest połączony z dwoma producentami (graf jest literą V). ILP jest średnią szerokości takiego grafu: (2 + 1) / 2 = 1½<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Praktyczne_zastosowanie">Praktyczne zastosowanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Praktyczne zastosowanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Praktyczne zastosowanie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W praktyce badanie ILP może być stosowane do przyśpieszenia wykonania programu w procesorach umożliwiających przetwarzanie <a href="/wiki/Potokowo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Potokowość">potokowe</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Problem jest jednak zarówno identyfikacja niezależnych wątków, jak i synchronizacja wątków, które muszą dać wspólny wynik<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VLIW" title="VLIW">VLIW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicitly_Parallel_Instruction_Computing" title="Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing">Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instruction_Level_Parallelism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation doi"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Bernard</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Bernard" style="display:none">B.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Goossens</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Bernard</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Bernard">B.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Bernard Goossens; Philippe Langlois; David Parello; Eric Petit"> i inni</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-01349703/document"><i>PerPI: A Tool to Measure Instruction Level Parallelism</i></a>, „Applied parallel and scientific computing: 10th International Conference, PARA 2010, Revised selected papers, Part I”, June 6-9, Reykjavík 2010, s. 270–281, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-28151-8_27">10.1007/978-3-642-28151-8_27</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9783642281518" title="Specjalna:Książki/9783642281518">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-3-642-28151-8</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/778458310">778458310</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2022-12-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=PerPI%3A+A+Tool+to+Measure+Instruction+Level+Parallelism&rft.isbn=978-3-642-28151-8&rft.place=Reykjav%C3%ADk&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Goossens&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F778458310&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-28151-8_27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr%2Flirmm-01349703%2Fdocument" style="display:none"> </span>.<span class="problemy problemy-w-cytuj" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="">???</span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Kostas</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Kostas" style="display:none">K.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Bousias</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Kostas</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Kostas">K.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Nabil</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Nabil" style="display:none">N.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Hasasneh</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Nabil</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Nabil">N.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Chris</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Chris" style="display:none">Ch.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Jesshope</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Chris</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Chris">Ch.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/49/2/211/436583/Instruction-Level-Parallelism-through"><i>Instruction Level Parallelism through Microthreading – A Scalable Approach to Chip Multiprocessors</i></a>, „The Computer Journal”, 49 (2), 2006, s. 211–233, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fcomjnl%2Fbxh157">10.1093/comjnl/bxh157</a><span class="issn">, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1460-2067">1460-2067</a></span><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2022-12-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft.atitle=Instruction+Level+Parallelism+through+Microthreading+%E2%80%93+A+Scalable+Approach+to+Chip+Multiprocessors&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1460-2067&rft.jtitle=The+Computer+Journal&rft.volume=49&rft.edition=2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcomjnl%2Fbxh157&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fcomjnl%2Farticle%2F49%2F2%2F211%2F436583%2FInstruction-Level-Parallelism-through" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Sweety</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Sweety" style="display:none">S.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Nain</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Sweety</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Sweety">S.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Prachi</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Prachi" style="display:none">P.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Chaudhary</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Prachi</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Prachi">P.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11227-021-04045-3"><i>A neural network-based approach for the performance evaluation of branch prediction in instruction-level parallelism processors</i></a>, „The Journal of Supercomputing”, 78 (4), <span title="marzec 2022">2022</span>, s. 4960–4976, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11227-021-04045-3">10.1007/s11227-021-04045-3</a><span class="issn">, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0920-8542">0920-8542</a></span><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2022-12-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft.atitle=A+neural+network-based+approach+for+the+performance+evaluation+of+branch+prediction+in+instruction-level+parallelism+processors&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2022-03&rft.issn=0920-8542&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Supercomputing&rft.volume=78&rft.edition=4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11227-021-04045-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2Fs11227-021-04045-3" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75562624">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid 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