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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有关本IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-研究範圍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究範圍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>研究範圍</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-研究範圍-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关研究範圍子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-研究範圍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-研究與中立" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究與中立"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>研究與中立</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究與中立-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原創研究範圍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原創研究範圍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>原創研究範圍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原創研究範圍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-可驗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#可驗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>可驗</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-可驗-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关可驗子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-可驗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-誠信" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#誠信"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>誠信</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-誠信-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-透明" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#透明"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>透明</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-透明-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-客觀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#客觀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>客觀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-客觀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主觀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主觀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>主觀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主觀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中立" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中立"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>中立</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中立-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-觀點宣示" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#觀點宣示"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>觀點宣示</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-觀點宣示-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引用來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>引用來源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-道义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#道义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>道义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-道义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-評議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#評議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>評議</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-評議-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关評議子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-評議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-評議會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#評議會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>評議會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-評議會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-「邊沿」研究活動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#「邊沿」研究活動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>「邊沿」研究活動</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-「邊沿」研究活動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發展維基出版" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發展維基出版"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>發展維基出版</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發展維基出版-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參閱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參閱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參閱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參閱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">维基学院</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">研究指引</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="Wikiversity:研究についてのガイドライン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikiversity:研究についてのガイドライン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Викиверситет:Исследования – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Викиверситет:Исследования" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38883790#sitelinks-wikiversity" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-project" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看计划页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>项目页面</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity_talk:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="有关内容页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Purple_question_mark.svg/30px-Purple_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Purple_question_mark.svg/45px-Purple_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Purple_question_mark.svg/60px-Purple_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>本頁是維基學院的<a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E4%B8%8E%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikiversity:方针与指引">方針、指引</a>或或<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:程序（页面不存在）">程序</a>的草案。</b><br/>該草案可能仍在草議中、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity_talk:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity talk:研究指引（页面不存在）">討論</a>中或正在達成<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E8%AD%98" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:共識">共識</a>以便通過。</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>維基學院成員可參與學術<a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%B5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikiversity:原創研究">原創研究</a>活動以助推展維基學院之教育<a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD" title="Wikiversity:使命">使命</a>。維基學院的<a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4" title="Wikiversity:研究范围">研究範圍</a>僅限於有助推動學習與維基媒體基金會使命者。為鼓勵優秀研究，維基學院研究政策強調兩點：可驗與道義。維基學院之原創研究受同行評審所規，以達致<a href="#可驗">可驗</a>。維基學院研究參與者必須遵守學術<a href="#道義">研究道義</a>。 </p><p>維基學院上之研究活動包括學術上之<a href="#次生研究">次生研究</a>（文獻回顧）與牽涉其他適合維基社群之方法之原始研究，如研究一些維基社群本身之動態。所有研究活動必須透明，且其方法須足以受同儕評審及他人之獨立<a href="#驗證">驗證</a>。 </p><p>一些維基學院的研究計劃會緊從維基媒體之<a href="#Neutral_point_of_view">中性觀點</a>政策；然而，一些不會。吾人要求任何維基學府研究活動均基於<a href="#Citing_sources">引可靠之源</a>、<a href="#Honesty">誠信</a>及<a href="#Disclosures">宣示</a>可能出現之利益衝突。研究計劃之同儕評審由社羣全體分擔。有人提議設立<a href="#評議會">評議會</a>以引領評審。<b>評議會</b>由社群選出，是一組有專長之維基學者。評議員利用其專業知識與經驗協助引導社羣辨認與處理不良之研究行為。 </p><p>維基學院中研究活動之總體目標乃助大家學習如何做好研究。另一長期目標為探索一種可能：建立研究員社羣，以支援正式之同儕評審過程，以實現研究結果之「維基出版」。或有一日維基研究社群能夠協助出版經同儕評審之研究報告，足以作為維基媒體各計劃────如維基百科、維基教科書────之<a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/wikipedia:Wikipedia:Attribution" class="extiw" title="en:wikipedia:Wikipedia:Attribution">可靠來源</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="研究範圍" data-mw-thread-id="h-研究範圍"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E7.AF.84.E5.9C.8D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-研究範圍"></span>研究範圍<span data-mw-comment-end="h-研究範圍"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节的源代码：研究範圍"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><small>見<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Scope_of_research/Policy/En&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Scope of research/Policy/En（页面不存在）">研究範圍之政策頁</a></small> </p><p>維基學員參與多種學術<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Original research（页面不存在）">原創研究</a>活動。已有知識之學術評審（或曰「<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Secondary_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Secondary research（页面不存在）">次生研究</a>」，或「文獻回顧」）乃維基學院許多教學活動之構成部份。研究過程中之批判思維────即使在文獻回顧中────可引致原始之研究結果。維基學府鼓勵培飬合符其使命、在其範圍內之此等研究。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="研究與中立" data-mw-thread-id="h-研究與中立-研究範圍"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E8.88.87.E4.B8.AD.E7.AB.8B"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-研究與中立-研究範圍"></span>研究與中立<span data-mw-comment-end="h-研究與中立-研究範圍"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节的源代码：研究與中立"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>為支持學術自由，維基學院容許參與者超出維基媒體基金會之一般<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Neutral_point_of_view" class="extiw" title="meta:Neutral point of view">中立觀點</a>（NPOV）政策之限。此措施讓學者深入探究有限之觀點────即使於傳統學術科目之外────惟彼必須<a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Disclosures" class="extiw" title="en:Wikiversity:Disclosures">公開宣示</a>其偏見，且謹從<a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Scholarly_ethics" class="extiw" title="en:Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics">高度學術道義</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原創研究範圍" data-mw-thread-id="h-原創研究範圍-研究範圍"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.89.B5.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E7.AF.84.E5.9C.8D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-原創研究範圍-研究範圍"></span>原創研究範圍<span data-mw-comment-end="h-原創研究範圍-研究範圍"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节的源代码：原創研究範圍"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有些研究不符維基學院之使命與格式。下列為出乎維基學府教育使命、或能力之數例： </p> <ul><li>「市場調查」────推廣特定商品或政治候選人或任何目標在維基媒體敎育使命以外的研究；</li> <li>抵觸維基媒體基金會政策────如<a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:Privacy policy">隱私政策</a>────之研究計劃；</li> <li>非法或不合道德之研究計劃；</li> <li>須受<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_review_board" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Institutional review board">IRB人體試驗委員會</a>正式審批之研究計劃（例外者：若一計劃包括維基學府中之活動，先已被現存之現實研究機構IRB評審批准，且其所有活動均公開而遵從IRB批准之協定）。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="可驗" data-mw-thread-id="h-可驗"><span id=".E5.8F.AF.E9.A9.97"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-可驗"></span>可驗<span data-mw-comment-end="h-可驗"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节的源代码：可驗"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>維基學院中所有研究活動與方法必須公開、透明，以助他人獨立客觀檢驗。各研究計劃須詳盡紀錄其動機、假設與方法（見 <a href="#Disclosures">宣示</a>）。行進中之研究計劃須用模標明。研究模板將插該研究頁入「研究」類。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="誠信" data-mw-thread-id="h-誠信-可驗"><span id=".E8.AA.A0.E4.BF.A1"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-誠信-可驗"></span>誠信<span data-mw-comment-end="h-誠信-可驗"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节的源代码：誠信"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>研究結果不可為符合成見或已提出之假說而隨意更修、偽作、遺漏；不可以令人誤解之方式表示。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="透明" data-mw-thread-id="h-透明-可驗"><span id=".E9.80.8F.E6.98.8E"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-透明-可驗"></span>透明<span data-mw-comment-end="h-透明-可驗"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节的源代码：透明"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>研究報告須表明：1) 在研究過程每一步做了甚麼、為何這樣做；2) 如何由所得資料推出斷言、（與為何）。則其他人有機會細察此研究工作以判別其質素。全部資料公開是最理想的。當不能公開全部資料（如因道義問題）時，亦可因應情況需要供給個別參與者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="客觀" data-mw-thread-id="h-客觀-可驗"><span id=".E5.AE.A2.E8.A7.80"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-客觀-可驗"></span>客觀<span data-mw-comment-end="h-客觀-可驗"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节的源代码：客觀"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>維基學院研究者須盡力以容許其他研究員獨立測試與檢證之方式執行並報告其研究結果。 </p><p>維基學院中之研究計劃均須以獲得<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/objectivity" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:objectivity">客觀</a>可驗結果為目標。研究者應時刻尊重其資料分析所示之結果，不可操控扭曲其數據以配合預定之期望結果。若一假設被提出，研究／調查結果可驗證或否定之。不應只以證實自己正確或别人錯誤為研究目標────應常以全方位批判研究過程，包括研究員本身。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主觀" data-mw-thread-id="h-主觀-可驗"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A7.80"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-主觀-可驗"></span>主觀<span data-mw-comment-end="h-主觀-可驗"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节的源代码：主觀"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>個人主觀可以是一研究計劃之重要甚至是關鍵部分；但任何主觀須標明，亦應盡可能併合其他觀點，引出版物以支持議論脈胳與求知路徑。你可自由表達其觀點與態度────若你能學術嚴慬底聯繫其到適當原始或次生數據。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中立" data-mw-thread-id="h-中立-可驗"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E7.AB.8B"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-中立-可驗"></span>中立<span data-mw-comment-end="h-中立-可驗"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节的源代码：中立"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般情況下，維基學院中之研究均公開，任何社群成員都可參與，其維基頁均可據維基媒體之<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Neutral_point_of_view" class="extiw" title="meta:Neutral point of view">中立觀點</a>（NPOV）政策編輯。然而，有些知識與理解的進展涉及探索現有知識、信仰與想法之常規模式以外之新意念，維基學院容許研究員探索各種觀點，惟彼須緊守最高度之學者道義。若無宣明，則預設NPOV政策適用。 </p><p>維基學院作為一維基，任何人都可修改任一頁。他人或會基於你的結果提供不同的分析，或而抵觸你的結論。這是值得鼓勵的，維基學院支持公開的研究。若你決定限制你的研究計劃，只讓某些人修改，你要接受其他人會寫出你的計劃的分枝，以合<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Neutral_point_of_view" class="extiw" title="meta:Neutral point of view">中立觀點</a>（NPOV）政策。若你在NPOV政策外修改維基學院網頁，你要接受同儕的批評。若你的方法離開了研究指引，你或會被要求更改取材、方法，否則你的材料或會被刪。若你重覆忽略同儕的善意建議，且維基有所共識，你或會被禁。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="觀點宣示" data-mw-thread-id="h-觀點宣示-可驗"><span id=".E8.A7.80.E9.BB.9E.E5.AE.A3.E7.A4.BA"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-觀點宣示-可驗"></span>觀點宣示<span data-mw-comment-end="h-觀點宣示-可驗"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节的源代码：觀點宣示"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>若你希望在中立政策以外研究，或希望限制編輯你的工作的人，你必須公開<a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Disclosures" class="extiw" title="en:Wikiversity:Disclosures">宣示你的觀點</a>、可能出現之利益衝突；研究目標亦須公開。公開你的個人觀點/偏見可助他人理解你的觀點，亦更可能信任你。在中立觀點政策以外的工作要求作者遵守最高度的學術道義，而其研究方法與工作習慣將受同儕批判與評審。在研究項目開始時聲明您已知的偏見或任何潛在的利益衝突。這有助於培養彼此信任，並有助於社群從您的角度判斷研究。這將與您一起努力提高責任心和小組輔助自我檢查。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用來源" data-mw-thread-id="h-引用來源-可驗"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8.E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-引用來源-可驗"></span>引用來源<span data-mw-comment-end="h-引用來源-可驗"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节的源代码：引用來源"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>维基学院對嘗試擴大知識範圍的學術研究開放。不必因為了解現有的相關知識和過去發表的研究結果而免除任何研究活動。盡可能在次要研究（文獻評論）中以及在任何原始研究活動的進行和報告的組成部分中，認真引用相關資料。並非總是可以使用先前發布的資料來證明原始研究的合理性和相關性，尤其是在以前沒有對該主題進行深入研究的情況下。在可能的情況下，您應該引用研究領域中以前發表的研究的相關資源，這些資源與您可能參與的任何新探索途徑最密切相關。二級研究應始終基於可驗證的來源，並應始終引用研究中使用的所有來源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="道义" data-mw-thread-id="h-道义"><span id=".E9.81.93.E4.B9.89"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-道义"></span>道义<span data-mw-comment-end="h-道义"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节的源代码：道义"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>所有研究活动须遵从<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%93%8D%E5%AE%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:高度学术操守（页面不存在）">高度学术操守</a>。</li> <li>不允许打破或测试传统道德准则的项目</li> <li>不允许需要由研究伦理专家或<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:机构审查委员会（页面不存在）">IRB</a>监督的项目</li> <li>维基学院审查委员会负责审查所有研究项目的行为和方法</li></ul> <p>所有在维基学院上发布的研究都应该以伦理的方式进行。维基学院不允许进行涉及诸如伤害（包括痛苦或尴尬）、欺骗或对人类受试者或动物的风险等道德问题的研究。不得发布任何涉及违反当地或国际法律的研究。 </p><p>通常需要<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:机构审查委员会（页面不存在）">机构审查委员会</a>（IRB）批准的研究项目不能在维基学院上进行。但是，如果已建立的IRB批准您的研究，维基学院<a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="Wikiversity:审查委员会">审查委员会</a>可能允许。 </p><p>维基学院致力于寻求知识，并提供支持系统，以帮助人们了解世界。维基学院促进遵守学术道德，使维基学院免于宣传，欺骗和剽窃等知识分子的不诚实行为。维基学院并不是一个支持特定政治运动，宗教意识形态或科学，法律或历史理论的倡导者的平台。维基学院可以包含对所有主题的学术研究，但维基学院不存在是为了倡导或推进特定的观点，运动或信仰系统。 </p><p>参与研究活动的维基学院参与者不得试图将维基学院用作宣传或推进宣传或任何其他类型的欺骗或智力不诚实的平台，而是维基学院的编辑必须继续致力于学术性地考虑他们的研究课题。这意味着不会歪曲或隐藏证据，也不会制造非法，欺骗，不诚实或其他不道德的事实或想法。维基学院学者可以而且必须以忠诚和最高学术标准来研究他们的主题。 </p><p>维基学院的学术和伦理研究实践标准由同行评审强制执行。大多数同行评审都可以通过传统的wiki社区互动和网页编辑实现。然而，某些形式的虚假和不道德的研究只能得到专家的认可。为了保护自己免受此类问题的影响，维基学院社区依赖于专家的参与，他们可以指导整个社区识别虚假和不道德的研究实践，如下一节所述。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="評議" data-mw-thread-id="h-評議"><span id=".E8.A9.95.E8.AD.B0"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-評議"></span>評議<span data-mw-comment-end="h-評議"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节的源代码：評議"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>維基學院's review process of research is distributed and community-led, taking the following steps: </p> <ol><li>People add research to Wikiversity - they are encouraged to flag it appropriately as "research".</li> <li>If not done already, research is flagged with a template placed at the top of the page.</li> <li>If anyone reviewing (i.e. simply reading) the page finds something within the research to be questionable on methodological, ethical, epistemological grounds, they can add an appropriate template - or modify the existing one.</li> <li>The page(s) in question can be flagged for deletion - or a request for comments can be made</li> <li>After discussion and review, the research can be either modified, deleted, or sent for further review by the Review Board (details below).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="評議會" data-mw-thread-id="h-評議會-評議"><span id=".E8.A9.95.E8.AD.B0.E6.9C.83"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-評議會-評議"></span>評議會<span data-mw-comment-end="h-評議會-評議"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节的源代码：評議會"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>See the full <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Review_board/En&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Review board/En（页面不存在）">Review Board policy</a></i> </p><p>Some misguided and deceptive research practices may be difficult to detect. The Wikiversity community relies on the participation of people with expertise in good research practices and who can help the community recognize and correct bogus and unethical research practices. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Review_board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Review board（页面不存在）">Review Board</a> will be active in guiding the entire Wikiversity community in examination of all Wikiversity research projects and identifying and correcting any problems that breach the Wikiversity research guidelines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動" data-mw-thread-id="h-小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動-評議"><span id=".E5.B0.8FWikiversity.E8.A8.88.E5.8A.83.E4.B8.8A.E4.B9.8B.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.B4.BB.E5.8B.95"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動-評議"></span>小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動<span data-mw-comment-end="h-小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動-評議"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节的源代码：小Wikiversity計劃上之研究活動"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wiki websites with few participants might have difficulty patrolling for vandalism and edits that violate the Wikiversity research guidelines. Wikiversity sites with few participants may not have a large enough community to support a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Review_board/En&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Review board/En（页面不存在）">Research Review Board</a>. It may be wise for communities without an active Review Board to adopt a conventional Wikimedia Foundation No Original Research policy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="「邊沿」研究活動" data-mw-thread-id="h-「邊沿」研究活動-評議"><span id=".E3.80.8C.E9.82.8A.E6.B2.BF.E3.80.8D.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.B4.BB.E5.8B.95"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-「邊沿」研究活動-評議"></span>「邊沿」研究活動<span data-mw-comment-end="h-「邊沿」研究活動-評議"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节的源代码：「邊沿」研究活動"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>另一个明显的问题是我们如何处理想要将维基学院用作出版社的边缘群体（例如纳粹等）。审查委员会将指导社区确保所有研究项目，包括边缘研究，都是根据维基学院研究指引中描述的学术研究方法进行的。有时，修改维基学院研究指南可能是有用的，以便明确排除某些类型的边缘研究，如果它们扰乱维基学院或分散社区的教育使命。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="發展維基出版" data-mw-thread-id="h-發展維基出版-評議"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95.E7.B6.AD.E5.9F.BA.E5.87.BA.E7.89.88"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-發展維基出版-評議"></span>發展維基出版<span data-mw-comment-end="h-發展維基出版-評議"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节的源代码：發展維基出版"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>維基學院还没有正式的同行评审出版系统。对于維基學院研究项目，可能不一定有针对任何特定研究的最终发表的研究报告。并非所有在維基學院上发现的研究贡献都是准确的或可验证的。然而，維基學院的研究活动的目的是促进学习，因此我们不会忽视无能为力的研究工作，而是我们讨论，纠正和建立它们。研究项目完成后，可以在Wikiversity页面上发布摘要报告。可以保护原始数据和研究报告免于进一步编辑，并保留为历史存档。維基學院的目标是建立能够对此类研究报告进行正式同行评审的学者社区。在建立同行评审“维基出版”的系统之前，維基學院参与者应考虑在已建立的期刊上发表原创研究。<a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="Wikiversity:审查委员会">审查委员会</a>最终可能演变成一个强大的专家集，可以支持正式的同行评审过程。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="參閱" data-mw-thread-id="h-參閱"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B1"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-參閱"></span>參閱<span data-mw-comment-end="h-參閱"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节的源代码：參閱"><span>编辑源代码</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>研究政策 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Scope_of_research/Policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Scope of research/Policy（页面不存在）">Wikiversity:Scope of research/Policy</a> - Wikiversity 研究範圍</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Review_board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Review board（页面不存在）">Wikiversity:Review board</a> - Wikiversity 上正式同行評審</li></ul></li> <li>關於研究 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiversity:Research（页面不存在）">Wikiversity:Research</a> 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