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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-說明" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#說明"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>說明</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-說明-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-設計及機能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#設計及機能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>設計及機能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-設計及機能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">安全繼電器</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。14种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ" title="PNOZ – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PNOZ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicherheitsschaltger%C3%A4t" title="Sicherheitsschaltgerät – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sicherheitsschaltgerät" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_relay" title="Safety relay – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Safety relay" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rel%C3%A9_de_seguridad" title="Relé de seguridad – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Relé de seguridad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segurtasun_errele" title="Segurtasun errele – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Segurtasun errele" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ_(turvarajakytkin)" title="PNOZ (turvarajakytkin) – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PNOZ (turvarajakytkin)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relais_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Relais de sécurité – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Relais de sécurité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ" title="PNOZ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PNOZ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ" title="PNOZ – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="PNOZ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ" title="PNOZ – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="PNOZ" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeka%C5%BAniki_bezpiecze%C5%84stwa" title="Przekaźniki bezpieczeństwa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przekaźniki bezpieczeństwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ_(Rel%C3%A9_de_seguran%C3%A7a)" title="PNOZ (Relé de segurança) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="PNOZ (Relé de segurança)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B)" title="PNOZ (реле защиты) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PNOZ (реле защиты)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNOZ_(emniyet_r%C3%B6leleri)" title="PNOZ (emniyet röleleri) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="PNOZ (emniyet röleleri)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q767241#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" title="Talk:安全繼電器">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>安全繼電器</b>（Safety relays）是一般用來實現<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD" title="安全機能">安全機能</a>的設備<sup id="cite_ref-p115_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，它将传感器和执行器连接在一起,以监测诸如紧急停止开关、安全光栅和双手控制器等安全设备。如果检测到任何异常信号,安全继电器将切断电源,防止设备继续运行造成危险。 </p><p>早期的工厂和机器控制通常依靠接触器和继电器。但是,如果这些设备由于误操作而失效,它们将无法提供安全保护。为了解决这个问题,设计了一些特殊的继电器电路,例如三继电器组合,以减少这类问题的发生。皮尔兹公司(Pilz)开发了第一台安全继电器PNOZ,标志着安全继电器技术的诞生。 </p><p>安全继电器的设计以机电或全部电子方式工作,但都需要确保正确安装时,设备本身、传感器或执行器的故障不会导致安全机能失效。它们提供从简单的机械接点继电器到复杂的可编程安全控制器的完整产品范围。安全继电器已成为工业自动化中监控危险机械安全的关键设备。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在早期發展控制技術時，會用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="繼電器">繼電器</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6%E5%99%A8" title="接触器">接触器</a>來控制工廠以及機器。在一些有危險性的情形時，會直接將致動器切離電源。這種保護機制若在保護機能因為誤動作而失效時，就無法發揮作用。一些特殊的繼電器電路（例如三繼電器組合）是早期考慮到這些情形，設法減少這類問題發生的設計。這些設備的組合使用也讓德國的自動化公司<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%88%BE%E7%A3%81" title="皮爾磁">皮爾磁</a>發展了第一個安全繼電器PNOZ.<sup id="cite_ref-patent-de_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-de-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p115_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pilz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pilz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="說明"><span id=".E8.AA.AA.E6.98.8E"></span>說明</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：說明"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在有危險的情形時，安全機能的任務（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C" title="緊急停止開關">緊急停止開關</a>、安全閘、靜止監控等）是用適當的措施來使風險減少到可以接受的程度。這些安全機能包括： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C" title="緊急停止開關">緊急停止開關</a></li> <li>安全閘</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%89%E6%9F%B5" title="安全光柵">安全光柵</a></li> <li>壓力感應墊</li> <li>雙手控制器</li> <li>時間延遲裝置</li></ul> <p>安全繼電器會監控特定的機能，為了要對工廠或是機器的完全監控，可以和其他的安全繼電器連接<sup id="cite_ref-p115_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，相關的法規有EN 60947-5-1、EN 60204-1及VDE 0113-1<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="設計及機能"><span id=".E8.A8.AD.E8.A8.88.E5.8F.8A.E6.A9.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>設計及機能</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：設計及機能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>各安全繼電器的設計技術也有不同： </p> <ul><li>傳統以接觸器為基礎的繼電器技術（強制性安全繼電器，force-guided contacts relay）</li> <li>有電子式的評估，以接觸器為基礎的無電壓輸出</li> <li>完全電子化的設備，以半導體元件控制輸出</li></ul> <p>安全繼電器的設計需要確保，在正確配線的情形下，設備本身的故障或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8" title="传感器">传感器</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" title="执行器">执行器</a>的故障都不會讓安全機能失效<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>一般的繼電器有線圈，利用金屬接點的機械式移動來開啟或關閉負載。若一直反覆開關，金屬接點可能會因為熱而焊死，因此而接點一直導通。若有此情形，就算操作人員按下了<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C" title="緊急停止開關">緊急停止開關</a>，機器仍然會繼續運轉，這可能會造成操作人員的危險。因此，許多歐洲、美國的法規、國際法規或安全標準都禁止用單一的传感器或执行器進行危險機械的安全機能<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>第一代的安全繼電器是用傳統的三繼電器組合。其冗餘設計確保接線錯誤不會讓安全機能失效。有二個<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E7%94%B5%E5%99%A8" title="继电器">继电器</a>（K1, K2），各自有positive-guided的接點以提供安全機能。有二個輸入信號CH1及CH2驅動這二個繼電器。由啟動繼電器K3提供這個電路電源。有回授線路監控這二個繼電器的輸出端Y1及Y2，目的是要確認<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" title="执行器">执行器</a>是否有因為继电器而正確開啟或是關閉。若輸入電路偵測到任何異常，例如緊急停止接點而焊死而永久導通，或是任一個輸出繼電器沒有正常開啟或是關閉，安全繼電器會將設備斷電，也切換继电器K1及K2的電源<sup id="cite_ref-p115_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109112355/http://www.patent-de.com/19911205/DE4033801C1.html">存档</a>于2013-11-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&rft.btitle=Dokument+DE4033801C1+%26%23124%3B+Patent+specification+Emergency+stop+relay&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=patent-de.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patent-de.com%2F19911205%2FDE4033801C1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Practical Machinery Safety (Google eBook), David Macdonald, Newnes, 16.07.2004, Chapter 5: Emergency-stop monitoring and the safety relay, p. 112 et sqq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pilz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pilz_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite 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href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Practical Machinery Safety (Google eBook), David Macdonald, Newnes, 16.07.2004, Chapter 5: Emergency-stop monitoring and the safety relay, p. 113 et sqq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pilz.com/imperia/md/content/editors_mm/safety_compendium_en_2014_01.pdf">Safety Compendium, Chapter 4.1, Safety relays p. 116</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-11-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224173120/https://www.pilz.com/imperia/md/content/editors_mm/safety_compendium_en_2014_01.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-02-24）.</cite><span 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224173120/https://www.pilz.com/imperia/md/content/editors_mm/safety_compendium_en_2014_01.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-02-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&rft.btitle=Safety+compendium%2C+Chapter+4.1%2C+Safety+relays+p.+118&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pilz.com%2Fimperia%2Fmd%2Fcontent%2Feditors_mm%2Fsafety_compendium_en_2014_01.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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