CINXE.COM
Emerging Drug Trends | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script src="https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-KV66ZVC"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5B8TQK');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <style>body #backtotop {background: #20558A;border-color: #20558A;color: #ffffff;}body #backtotop:hover { background: #153759; border-color: #153759; }</style> <meta name="description" content="Emerging drugs like nitazenes and tianeptine may contribute to the overdose crisis." /> <meta name="abstract" content="Emerging drugs like nitazenes and tianeptine may contribute to the overdose crisis." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends" /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/images/gettyimages-581505771.optimized.jpg" /> <meta name="rights" content="Unless otherwise specified, NIDA publications and videos are available for your use and may be reproduced in their entirety without permission from NIDA. Citation of the source is appreciated, using the following language: Source: National Institute on Dr" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute on Drug Abuse" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Emerging Drug Trends | National Institute on Drug Abuse" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Emerging drugs like nitazenes and tianeptine may contribute to the overdose crisis." /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/images/gettyimages-581505771.optimized.jpg" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-10-30" /> <meta property="og:see_also" content="https://nida.nih.gov/frequently-asked-questions" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:author" content="National Institute on Drug Abuse" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="National Institute on Drug Abuse" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="2024" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-04-16" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-10-30" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Emerging drugs like nitazenes and tianeptine may contribute to the overdose crisis." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NIDAnews" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Emerging Drug Trends | National Institute on Drug Abuse" /> <meta name="twitter:site:id" content="102234123" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NIDAnews" /> <meta name="twitter:creator:id" content="102234123" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/images/gettyimages-581505771.optimized.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/solstice/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/tendencias-emergentes-en-materia-de-drogas" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends" /> <script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_config.icon_color = "#6e6e6e";</script> <style>.a2a_svg {border-radius:0 !important;margin-right:.5rem;} .addtoany_list a:hover span {opacity:1 !important;} .a2a_button_email .a2a_svg:hover {background: #7B0A07 !important;} .a2a_button_facebook .a2a_svg:hover {background: #3b5998 !important;} .a2a_button_twitter .a2a_svg:hover {background: #1da1f3 !important;}</style> <title>Emerging Drug Trends | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_yFKTIRvIgzQt63rywhKKSFwxHlSigGfZAJxtVNkd62s.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1UItyhCAM_CGUT2IiRC8VCCXR078vd7Xeo-0Mw-wuSXYDhKAMebdwgH6snNUM4Gen3E6xT9h9yL9Pipsa35oxqwPvuQbibH8pRiiViE6WuuJuX5iRXRRTmyto8HOhzJudIg8QO9E9Up7e5ZZIOIqSx_fKUx9bBnmlcEXh1Ew2bbWzDXUpEPuDGj9jIOX6tMiJvr8IczCeFPS-5AG6IbKfH04FKkwVyqU7u8Wcovy4PpR-yWUZIskFg0ktA9iRomLtPZSbg4GQKLvbiiiOV6yVAto_VRdpMCvhVez97hOHJeIXsxjF3Q" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_CFarAjJiUul6cafXusdw0SoM5ItO9CAtr2kKVklYIyI.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1UItyhCAM_CGUT2IiRC8VCCXR078vd7Xeo-0Mw-wuSXYDhKAMebdwgH6snNUM4Gen3E6xT9h9yL9Pipsa35oxqwPvuQbibH8pRiiViE6WuuJuX5iRXRRTmyto8HOhzJudIg8QO9E9Up7e5ZZIOIqSx_fKUx9bBnmlcEXh1Ew2bbWzDXUpEPuDGj9jIOX6tMiJvr8IczCeFPS-5AG6IbKfH04FKkwVyqU7u8Wcovy4PpR-yWUZIskFg0ktA9iRomLtPZSbg4GQKLvbiiiOV6yVAto_VRdpMCvhVez97hOHJeIXsxjF3Q" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_hJJmZVBqljthjucVzIAe3Tgtk3yQ28f_q_a2uSch6L0.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1UItyhCAM_CGUT2IiRC8VCCXR078vd7Xeo-0Mw-wuSXYDhKAMebdwgH6snNUM4Gen3E6xT9h9yL9Pipsa35oxqwPvuQbibH8pRiiViE6WuuJuX5iRXRRTmyto8HOhzJudIg8QO9E9Up7e5ZZIOIqSx_fKUx9bBnmlcEXh1Ew2bbWzDXUpEPuDGj9jIOX6tMiJvr8IczCeFPS-5AG6IbKfH04FKkwVyqU7u8Wcovy4PpR-yWUZIskFg0ktA9iRomLtPZSbg4GQKLvbiiiOV6yVAto_VRdpMCvhVez97hOHJeIXsxjF3Q" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700|Roboto+Slab:100,300,400,700&display=swap" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/solstice/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> </head> <body class="path-node body"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5B8TQK" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="l-page-container"> <div class="mobile-overlay" id="overlay" aria-hidden="true"></div> <section class="usa-banner clearfix" > <div id="block-solstice-uswdsbanner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img alt="USA flag icon" aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/themes/custom/solstice/images/uswds/us_flag_small.png" /> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text"> An official website of the United States government </p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default" hidden> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/solstice/images/uswds/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="government icon" aria-hidden="true"/> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br />A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/solstice/images/uswds/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="lock icon" aria-hidden="true"/> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br />A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false" > <title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc> <path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" /> </svg> </span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <header role="banner" class="header"> <div class="row v-align-middle space-between width-100"> <div class="header-inner col-12 col-desktop-8"> <div id="block-solstice-branding" class="site-branding col-10"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/solstice/nida_logo_color-cropped-cropped.svg" alt="Home" width="282" height="37" /> </a> </div> </div> <button role="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="button button-primary button--menu hide-desktop ml-1" id="menu-btn"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="white-icon svg-inline"> <path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="col-12 col-desktop-4 align-end"> <div class="top-bar-switcher"> <div id="block-solstice-globallanguage"> <div><a class="" href="/es" lang="es">en español</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-sitesearchheader"> <div> <form method="get" action="/search" class="form-horizontal form-small"> <label for="search" class="is-vishidden">Search Component</label> <input type="search" name="query" id="search" placeholder="Search" required oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Please enter at least one keyword.')" oninput="setCustomValidity('')"> <input type="hidden" name="sort" id="sort" value="_score"> <button class="button button-primary button--small"><i title="Search" class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form><!-- end search-form --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-megamenu-menu" id="block-megamenu" class="primary-nav"> <div class="visually-hidden" id="block-megamenu-menu">Mega Menu</div> <ul data-region="primary_menu" class="primary-nav--list row menu menu-level-0"> <li class="menu-item col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-1"> <a href="/" class="menu-item menu-item-1 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Home</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown secondary-nav"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-2"> <a href="/research-topics" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail menu-item-2 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1861">Research Topics</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav"> <div class="nav-section header-content"> <div class="section-header"> <div><a href="/research-topics">Research Topics</a></div> </div> <ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/addiction-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/341">Addiction Science</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/cannabis">Cannabis (Marijuana)</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--active-trail secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52514" class="is-active">Emerging Drug Trends</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/fentanyl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50578">Fentanyl</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/harm-reduction" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50074">Harm Reduction</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/heroin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/331">Heroin</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/hiv" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49621">HIV</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/kratom" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48990">Kratom</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/methamphetamine" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/53515">Methamphetamine</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/opioids" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52427">Opioids</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/prevention" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51497">Prevention</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50846">Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/psilocybin-magic-mushrooms" title="Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51885">Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/syringe-services-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48992">Syringe Services Programs</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/stigma-discrimination" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48993">Stigma and Discrimination</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/tobacconicotine-vaping" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/337">Tobacco/Nicotine and Vaping</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research-topics/treatment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49630">Treatment</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="more-button-container"> <div><a href="/research-topics">More Research Topics</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="nav-section"> <div class="nav-list-block"> <div> <div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div> <ul> <li><a href="/research-topics/parents-educators">Resources for Parents and Educators</a></li> <li><a href="/research-topics/addiction-science/words-matter-preferred-language-talking-about-addiction">Words Matter: Preferred Language</a></li> <li><a href="/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts">Commonly Used Drugs Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/research-topics/publications">NIDA Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/research-topics/trends-statistics/infographics">Infographics</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9bf223ac-30d7-4c3e-af0a-1c0176830b48" href="/multimedia">Multimedia</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-3"> <a href="/research" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-3 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22803">Research & Training</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav"> <div class="nav-section header-content"> <div class="section-header"> <div><a href="/research">Research & Training</a></div> </div> <ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research/nida-research-programs-activities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22824">NIDA Research Programs & Activities</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research/clinical-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22807">Clinical Research</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research/nih-policies-guidance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22810">NIH Policies & Guidance</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research/research-data-measures-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22825">Research Data, Measures, & Resources</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research/research-training-career-development" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22808">Research Training & Career Development</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22809">Resources for Grants & Contracts</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-section"> <div class="nav-list-block"> <div> <div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div> <ul> <li><a href="/drug-topics/opioids/nidas-role-in-nih-heal-initiative">HEAL Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/research/research-data-measures-resources/nida-drug-supply-program">NIDA Drug Supply Program</a></li> <li><a href="/research/nih-policies-guidance/clinical-trials-stewardship">Clinical Trials Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/research/research-training-career-development/training-career-development-fellowships-grants">Fellowships & Grants</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="09aee0c9-6892-4300-ae47-2065268bbb6c" href="/international">International Program</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-4"> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-4 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22863">Clinical Resources</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav"> <div class="nav-section header-content"> <div class="section-header"> <div><a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals">NIDAMED: Clinical Resources</a></div> </div> <ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/resources-for-your-professional-discipline-specialty" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22769">For Your Discipline</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/health-professions-education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22723">Health Professions Education</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/vaping-marijuana-other-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22726">Marijuana and Other Drugs</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/opioids-pain-management" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22725">Opioid Crisis and Pain Management</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/screening-tools-prevention" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22727">Screening Tools & Prevention</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/treatment-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22768">Treatment</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-section"> <div class="nav-list-block"> <div> <div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div><ul><li><a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/screening-tools-resources/chart-screening-tools" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0a7e9511-2db1-4cf1-bb9d-bc35684904d6" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Screening and Assessment Tools Chart</a></li><li><a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/health-professions-education/words-matter-terms-to-use-avoid-when-talking-about-addiction" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="550685bd-7757-4249-8f65-def5bd1b7027" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Words Matter - Terms to Use and Avoid When Talking About Addiction</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-5"> <a href="/funding" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-5 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22854">Grants & Funding</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav"> <div class="nav-section header-content"> <div class="section-header"> <div><a href="/funding">Grants & Funding</a></div> </div> <ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/funding/nida-funding-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22851">NIDA Funding Opportunities</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/funding/small-business-innovation-research-sbir-technology-transfer-sttr-programs" title="Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47954">Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/funding/trans-nih-funding-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22852">Trans-NIH Funding Opportunities</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/funding/nida-office-acquisitions-contracting" title="NIDA Office of Acquisitions Contracting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1443">NIDA Office of Acquisitions Contracting</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/research/research-data-measures-resources/technology-transfer" title="Technology Transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1451">Technology Transfer</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-section"> <div class="nav-list-block"> <div> <div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div> <ul> <li><a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts/peer-review">Peer Review</a></li> <li><a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts/grant-contract-application-process/forms">Grant Application Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts/grant-contract-application-process">Grants & Contract Application Process</a></li> <li><a href="/funding-app?sort=rel_date:desc&document_types=NOSI&issuing_institution=NIDA%20Primary">NIDA Notice of Special Interest (NOSI)</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-6"> <a href="/news-events" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-6 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1860">News & Events</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav"> <div class="nav-section header-content"> <div class="section-header"> <div><a href="/news-events">News</a></div> </div> <ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/news-events/news-releases" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/news-releases">News Releases</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/about-nida/noras-blog" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36652">Nora's Blog</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/news-events/meetings-events" title="Meeting and Events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/37562">Meeting and Events</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/news-events/nida-in-news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47623">NIDA in the News</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/news-events/nida-asks" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51529">NIDA Asks</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-section"> <div class="nav-list-block"> <div> <div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div> <ul> <li><a href="/news-events/contact-press-office">Contact the Press Office</a><br> <a href="mailto:media@nida.nih.gov" title="mailto:media@nida.nih.gov">media@nida.nih.gov</a><br> <span>301-443-6245</span></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-7"> <a href="/about-nida" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-7 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2389">About NIDA</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav"> <div class="nav-section header-content"> <div class="section-header"> <div><a href="/about-nida">About NIDA</a></div> </div> <ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/about-nida/advisory-boards-groups" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3422">Advisory Boards and Review Groups</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/about-nida/directors-page" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2340">Director's Page</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/about-nida/legislative-activities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2390">Legislative Activities</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/about-nida/organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3228">Organization</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item"> <a href="/about-nida/working-nida" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36660">Working at NIDA</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-section"> <div class="nav-list-block"> <div> <div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div> <ul> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7b7362ae-806e-4df2-b5bc-eb4dcd6f60ab" href="/about-nida/2022-2026-strategic-plan">NIDA Strategic Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/about-nida/legislative-activities/budget-information">FY Budget Information</a></li> <li><a href="/about-nida/organization/cctn/clinical-trials-network-ctn">Clinical Trials Network</a></li> <li><a href="/about-nida/frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/about-nida/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="breadcrumb"> <div> <div id="block-solstice-breadcrumbs"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <div id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</div> <ol class="breadcrumb-list no-bullets"> <li class="breadcrumb-list-item"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list-item"> <a href="/research-topics">Research Topics</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list-item"> Emerging Drug Trends </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="content-inner"> <main role="main" class="main inner"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="above-content relative"> <div> <div id="block-nidapagetitle"> <h1 class="h1 l-inner-b"> <span>Emerging Drug Trends</span> </h1> </div> <div class="language-switcher-language-url formats-list-block title-area font-secondary" id="block-languageswitcher-2" role="navigation"> <ul class="links formats-list no-bullets"><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52514" class="formats-list-item language"> <span lang="es"><a href="/es/areas-de-investigacion/tendencias-emergentes-en-materia-de-drogas" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52514">En español</a></span> </li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper"> <div class="layout-center-content "> <div> <div class="content-river"> <div id="block-nida-vic-adaptive-system-main"> <article data-history-node-id="52514"> <div> <div class="topic-intro-wrapper topic-intro-wrapper--research-topic full-width-wrapper l-section--accent-rt pb-1-2 mb-2-4"> <div class="topic-intro full-width-contents l-inner-sides row-no-wrap-d"> <div class="col-desktop-8 col-12"> <div class="l-card height-100 rt-highlights--wrapper"> <div class="rt-flex"> <div class="rt-flex--highlights"> <div><h2>Highlights</h2><div class="align-right image-medium"> <div class="media-image"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content_image_medium/public/images/gettyimages-581505771.optimized.jpg?itok=RzLzQxrP" width="426" height="243" alt="Rear view of young couple enjoying an outdoor festival at night"> </div> </div> <span class="image-credit"> <div>©Getty images/<a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/search/photographer?photographer=doble.d">doble.d</a></div> </span> </div> </div> <ul><li>Emerging drugs, which include designer drugs and new psychoactive substances, are substances that have appeared or become more popular in the drug market in recent years.</li><li>Emerging drugs have unpredictable health effects. They may be as powerful or more powerful than existing drugs, and may be fatal.</li><li>Because drug markets change quickly, NIDA supports the <a href="https://ndews.org/">National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS)</a>, which tracks emerging substances. NIDA also advances the science on emerging drugs by supporting research on their use and on their health effects.</li></ul></div> </div> <aside class="rt-flex--promo" role="complementary" style="border-left:3px solid #20558A; padding-left:1.2rem;"> <div><h3><a href="https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/nida-asks/can-science-keep-up-with-designer-drugs">NIDA Asks: Can science keep up with designer drugs?</a></h3><p>What’s really in bath salts, N-bombs, and synthetic opioids? What are the health effects of these drugs? </p><a href="/node/51532"><div class="align-center image-medium"> <div class="media-image"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content_image_medium/public/images/whackamolecropped.jpg?itok=lnK5XJEJ" width="426" height="284" alt="Close-up of a brightly lit whack-a-mole carnival game."> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a><p><a href="/news-events/nida-asks/can-science-keep-up-with-designer-drugs" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b3c7937b-cf4a-4beb-af3f-36d31c080668" data-entity-substitution="canonical"><span class="text-button-embed">Hear From a NIDA Researcher</span></a></p></div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-inner research-topic-inner"> <aside class="layout-sidebar-left" role="complementary"> <h2 class="research-topic-inner--title"><a href="/research-topics">Research Topics</a></h2> <div class="research-topic-inner--content"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Related Topic Pages</div> <div> <div><span>Emerging Drug Trends</span></div> <div><a href="/research-topics/trends-statistics/national-drug-early-warning-system-ndews">National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <article class="main"> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default iq-accordion mb-2-4"> <button class="button button-primary button--small expand" aria-label="Expand All">Expand All</button> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0"> <button id="what" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What are emerging drugs?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button> <div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Emerging drugs are mind-altering substances that have become more common in recent years. They may be sold in drug markets or at convenience stores and online. Since 2013, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has identified more than 1,000 emerging drugs worldwide.<sup>1</sup></p><p>These substances, which include designer drugs and new psychoactive substances, come from many sources. Some were first developed as potential treatments or research chemicals. Others originate in illicit labs and are created to mimic the effects of drugs regulated under the <a href="https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa">Controlled Substances Act</a>. These emerging substances often produce similar effects and/or are chemically similar to <a href="https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa">illegal</a> or prescription opioids, stimulants, benzodiazapines (“benzos”), or other existing types of drugs.</p><p>People may seek out these drugs for recreation or use them to self-medicate without medical supervision. They may also be added to other drugs without a buyer knowing it. As a result, the health effects of emerging drugs are largely unknown, potentially posing a public health threat and contributing to the <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates">overdose crisis</a>.<sup>2,3</sup></p><p>NIDA conducts research on specific emerging drugs through its <a href="https://irp.nida.nih.gov/organization/osd/ddru/">Designer Drug Research Unit</a> and through support for the National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS), which detects early signals of potential drug epidemics. NDEWS uses traditional surveillance methods like drug-related emergency calls, and newer tools like wastewater analysis and tracking of social media trends.</p></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0"> <button id="effects" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What are the effects of emerging drugs?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button> <div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>An emerging drug’s effects depend on the type of substance it is—for instance, if it is a new type of <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids/benzodiazepines-opioids">opioid</a>, <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/xylazine">depressant</a>, synthetic cannabinoid, <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs">psychedelic</a>, or stimulant. Its effects may be unpredictable and unwanted, especially if it is an unknown ingredient in another drug. A person may not know what substance or substances they have really taken. And because these substances are new to the drug market, clinicians or researchers may not know their effects or how potent (powerful) they are until people begin to visit emergency departments or clinics with symptoms of negative health effects.<sup>4</sup></p><p>In addition, emerging substances are usually not included in emergency department <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing">drug tests</a> and are not routinely included in the toxicology tests used after a fatal overdose. The delay in this data means there is also a delay in understanding how widespread use of the drug is, why and how these drugs have their effects, and how to care for people who experience negative effects of those substances.</p><p>NIDA researchers and grantees collaborate to identify how these emerging drugs work and their potential health effects, including those that have the potential to impact the overdose crisis. NIDA also supports the National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) to track emerging substances and their impact on drug-related emergency calls.</p></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0"> <button id="nitazenes" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What are nitazenes?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button> <div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Nitazenes are a class of lab-made (synthetic) opioids that may be as powerful or more powerful than fentanyl.<sup>4</sup> They were developed in research labs in the 1950s as potential pain relievers but never marketed. Nitazenes are most often sold as a white powder or tablets. People may not be aware that they have taken nitazenes, as they may be added to other substances, including fentanyl, heroin, and benzodiazepines.<sup>5</sup></p><p>Nitazenes began to re-emerge in the drug supply in 2019, after the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/06/2018-02319/schedules-of-controlled-substances-temporary-placement-of-fentanyl-related-substances-in-schedule-i">banned</a> fentanyl-related substances.<sup>6,7</sup> Researchers and authorities are monitoring nitazenes, including isotonitazene, protonitazene, etonitazene, N-piperidinyl etonitazene, and metonitazene. Many nitazenes are listed as Schedule 1 drugs under the Controlled Substances Act.</p><p>Like all <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids">opioids</a>, nitazenes can slow breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate to dangerously low levels, potentially contributing to overdose. Preliminary NIDA-supported research shows that the opioid <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/overdose-reversal-medications">overdose reversal medication</a> naloxone is effective with isonitazene, metonitazene, and N-piperidinyl etonitazene, though it may require repeated doses.<sup>8</sup> More research is needed to confirm these findings with additional nitazenes and in larger groups of people. Fentanyl test strips do not detect nitazenes.</p></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0"> <button id="tianeptine" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What is tianeptine?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button> <div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Tianeptine is an antidepressant medication that is <a href="https://www.fda.gov/food/information-select-dietary-supplement-ingredients-and-other-substances/tianeptine-dietary-supplements">not approved</a> by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for any medical use. NIDA-funded research suggests that most people take tianeptine in dietary supplements marketed as cognitive enhancers or nootropics, often sold in convenience stores and online. It may be blended with or taken at the same time as other nootropics (like phenibut and racetams) and is also used with substances such as <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/kratom">kratom</a>, kava, and gabapentin.</p><p>Tianeptine is not an opioid but at high doses it can have opioid-like effects, such as dangerous drops in blood pressure, heart rate, or breathing rate. Research shows that other effects include problems with brain, heart, and digestive function.<sup>9</sup></p><p>Research has shown that tianeptine can cause symptoms of a substance use disorder, including tolerance—which is when you need to take more of a drug for it to have the same level of effect—and withdrawal. Withdrawal from tianeptine has been associated with pain and problems with brain, heart, and digestive function.<sup>9,10,11</sup> Early evidence suggests that tianeptine-related substance use disorder can be treated with <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/overview#:~:text=Effective%20medications%20exist%20to%20treat,but%20they%20remain%20highly%20underutilized">medications for opioid use disorder</a>, such as buprenorphine.<sup>12</sup></p></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0"> <button id="new" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What are new psychoactive substances?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button> <div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>“New psychoactive substances” is a term used to describe lab-made compounds created for research purposes or for illicit drug markets, sometimes by slightly modifying an existing drug in an effort to skirt existing drug laws. The category may include medications created by pharmaceutical companies or researchers that were never meant to reach the public.</p><p>These substances belong to a number of drug classes:</p><ul><li><strong>Synthetic opioids.</strong> These drugs are chemically different from existing lab-made opioids like fentanyl. They include brorphine and U-47700. Researchers first identified brorphine in the unregulated drug supply in 2018. New synthetic opioids may slow breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate to dangerously low levels, potentially contributing to overdose. Emerging opioids can be as powerful or more powerful than fentanyl, which itself is 50 to 100 times more powerful than morphine.</li><li><a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cannabinoids"><strong>Synthetic cannabinoids</strong></a>, sometimes called “K2” or “Spice.” Lab-made cannabinoids are chemically similar to the cannabis plant but may have very different effects. Newer synthetic cannabinoids include ADMB-5,Br-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA. MDMB-4en-PINACA has been associated with hallucinations, paranoia, and confusion. These substances have been found in people who died from accidental overdose.<sup>13</sup></li><li><a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cathinones-bath-salts"><strong>Synthetic cathinones</strong></a>, also known as “Bath Salts.” Lab-made cathinones are stimulants that are chemically related to, but not derived from, the khat plant. People sometimes take synthetic cathinones as a less expensive alternative to other stimulants, but cathinones have also been found as an added ingredient in other recreational drugs. Emerging cathinones include eutylone, N,N-dimethylpentylone (dipentylone), and pentylone. These substances have been found in people who died from overdose.<sup>14</sup></li><li><strong>Synthetic benzodiazapines</strong>. Benzodiazapenes are a class of lab-made depressants that include prescription medications such as diazepam (sometimes sold as Valium), alprazolam (sometimes sold as Xanax), and clonazepam (sometimes sold as Klonopin). Recent data show that new versions of recreationally manufactured bezodiazapines include bromazolam, disalkylgidazepam, and flubromazepam.<sup>15</sup></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0"> <button id="support" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>How does NIDA support research into emerging drugs?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button> <div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>NIDA supports research tracking the emergence of new drugs into the unregulated drug supply, including via the National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS), collaboration with other researchers and partners around the world.</p><p>The Institute studies or supports research on changes in the lab-made drug supply and how these emerging substances work in the brain, as well as their health effects and potential as therapeutic treatments.</p><p>NIDA also supports research that is developing and testing approaches to <a href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/prevention">prevent substance use and misuse</a> studies investigating whether and how harm reduction methods may prevent, reverse, or reduce rates of overdose.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--summary-cards-row-of-2 paragraph--view-mode--default l-section"> <div class="l-inner-b card-grid"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3-6"><div class="views-element-container" id="block-views-block-latest-from-nida-block-16"> <h2>Latest from NIDA</h2> <div><div class="media-list js-view-dom-id-9b3aa57099667a5763d6d8031ad5be2cfadcc39c06435418dff1c996c4bc22b6"> <div class="media-list-item "> <article data-history-node-id="53070"> <div class="media-item row v-align-middle"> <div class="media-item-image col-4"> <a href="/news-events/news-releases/2024/06/federal-study-examines-care-following-nonfatal-overdose-among-medicare-beneficiaries-identifies-effective-interventions-and-gaps-in-care"> <div><div class="featured-card"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/featured_card/public/images/GettyImages-1343874708.optimized.jpg?h=199d8c1f&itok=JvKmyajj" width="600" height="400" alt="Medical practitioner sitting at her desk with a patient sharing a brochure while talking about prescription medication." /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="media-item-content col-8"> <div class="tags tag-newspaper"><a href="/news-events/news-releases">News Release</a></div> <h3 class="media-item-title"> <a href="/news-events/news-releases/2024/06/federal-study-examines-care-following-nonfatal-overdose-among-medicare-beneficiaries-identifies-effective-interventions-and-gaps-in-care" rel="bookmark"> <span>Federal study examines care following nonfatal overdose among medicare beneficiaries; identifies effective interventions and gaps in care</span> </a> </h3> <div class="media-item-blurb text-small desktop-only"> <span class="meta-data date text-small"> <time datetime="2024-06-17T12:00:00Z">June 17, 2024</time> </span> | Receiving gold-standard care after a non-fatal overdose was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent overdose. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="media-list-item "> <article data-history-node-id="52580"> <div class="media-item row v-align-middle"> <div class="media-item-image col-4"> <a href="/news-events/news-releases/2024/05/more-than-321000-us-children-lost-a-parent-to-drug-overdose-from-2011-to-2021"> <div><div class="featured-card"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/featured_card/public/images/shadow-family-g-683266543.jpg?h=199d8c1f&itok=Gh3h84jv" width="600" height="400" alt="Shadow of two adults walking on a crosswalk and holding hands with a young child in between them." /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="media-item-content col-8"> <div class="tags tag-newspaper"><a href="/news-events/news-releases">News Release</a></div> <h3 class="media-item-title"> <a href="/news-events/news-releases/2024/05/more-than-321000-us-children-lost-a-parent-to-drug-overdose-from-2011-to-2021" rel="bookmark"> <span>More than 321,000 U.S. children lost a parent to drug overdose from 2011 to 2021</span> </a> </h3> <div class="media-item-blurb text-small desktop-only"> <span class="meta-data date text-small"> <time datetime="2024-05-08T12:00:00Z">May 8, 2024</time> </span> | Federal study shows overdose deaths are felt across generations, emphasizing need to support children and families </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="media-list-item "> <article data-history-node-id="51942"> <div class="media-item row v-align-middle"> <div class="media-item-image col-4"> <a href="/news-events/news-releases/2024/02/law-enforcement-seizures-of-psilocybin-mushrooms-rose-dramatically-between-2017-2022"> <div><div class="featured-card"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/featured_card/public/images/gettyimages-1293020642.optimized.jpg?h=4c1fc98e&itok=fwqaqzKi" width="600" height="400" alt="Woman looking up into the sky above the tree tops of a cypress forest." /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="media-item-content col-8"> <div class="tags tag-newspaper"><a href="/news-events/news-releases">News Release</a></div> <h3 class="media-item-title"> <a href="/news-events/news-releases/2024/02/law-enforcement-seizures-of-psilocybin-mushrooms-rose-dramatically-between-2017-2022" rel="bookmark"> <span>Law enforcement seizures of psilocybin mushrooms rose dramatically between 2017-2022</span> </a> </h3> <div class="media-item-blurb text-small desktop-only"> <span class="meta-data date text-small"> <time datetime="2024-02-06T12:00:00Z">February 6, 2024</time> </span> | NIH-supported research highlights need to better understand psilocybin in context of growing psychedelic use </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--full-width-text paragraph--view-mode--default l-inner-b"> <h2 class="h2 pb-1-2"> Find More Resources on Emerging Drugs </h2> <div><ul><li>See recent data on <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm">Overdose Rates</a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). </li><li>Stay up to date on <a href="https://ndews.org/novel-surveillance/ndews-hotspot-alerts-2/">new and emerging substances</a> at the National Drug Early Warning System website</li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="iq-accordion iq-accordion--references clear-both mb-2-4 pt-0-6"> <button id="references" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>References</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button> <div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"> <div><ol><li>Early warning advisory on new psychoactive substances. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Accessed April 15, 2024. <a href="https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Page/NPS">https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Page/NPS</a></li><li>Singh VM, Browne T, Montgomery J. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119254/">The emerging role of toxic adulterants in street drugs in the US illicit opioid crisis</a>. <em>Public Health Rep</em>. 2020;135(1):6-10. doi:10.1177/0033354919887741</li><li>Gladden RM, Chavez-Gray V, O'Donnell J, Goldberger BA. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35951491/">Notes from the field: overdose deaths involving eutylone (psychoactive bath salts) - United States, 2020</a>. <em>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</em>. 2022;71(32):1032-1034. Published 2022 Aug 12. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7132a3</li><li>Pergolizzi J Jr, Raffa R, LeQuang JAK, Breve F, Varrassi G. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361140/">Old drugs and new challenges: A narrative review of nitazenes</a>. <em>Cureus</em>. 2023;15(6):e40736. Published 2023 Jun 21. doi:10.7759/cureus.40736</li><li>Ujváry I, Christie R, Evans-Brown M, et al. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33760580/">DARK classics in chemical neuroscience: Etonitazene and related benzimidazoles</a>. <em>ACS Chem Neurosci</em>. 2021;12(7):1072-1092. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00037</li><li>Benzimidazole opioids, other name: nitazenes. Drug Enforcement Agency. Issued January 2024. Accessed April 15, 2024. <a href="https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/benzimidazole-opioids.pdf">https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/benzimidazole-opioids.pdf</a></li><li>Papsun DM, Krotulski AJ, Logan BK. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36103391/">Proliferation of novel synthetic opioids in postmortem investigations after core-structure scheduling for fentanyl-related substances</a>. <em>Am J Forensic Med Pathol</em>. 2022;43(4):315-327. doi:10.1097/PAF.0000000000000787</li><li>Amaducci A, Aldy K, Campleman SL, et al. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37642962/">Naloxone Use in Novel Potent Opioid and Fentanyl Overdoses in Emergency Department Patients</a>. <em>JAMA Netw Open</em>. 2023;6(8):e2331264. Published 2023 Aug 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.31264</li><li>El Zahran T, Schier J, Glidden E, et al. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30070980/">Characteristics of Tianeptine Exposures Reported to the National Poison Data System - United States, 2000-2017</a>. <em>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</em>. 2018;67(30):815-818. Published 2018 Aug 3. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6730a2</li><li>Kisa C, Bulbul DO, Aydemir C, Goka E. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17270334/">Is it possible to be dependent to Tianeptine, an antidepressant? A case report</a>. <em>Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry</em>. 2007;31(3):776-778. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.01.002</li><li>Springer J, Cubała WJ. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29494783/">Tianeptine Abuse and Dependence in Psychiatric Patients: A Review of 18 Case Reports in the Literature</a>. <em>J Psychoactive Drugs</em>. 2018;50(3):275-280. doi:10.1080/02791072.2018.1438687</li><li>Trowbridge P, Walley AY. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30550394/">Use of buprenorphine-naloxone in the treatment of tianeptine use disorder</a>. <em>J Addict Med</em>. 2019;13(4):331-333. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000490</li><li>Simon G, Kuzma M, Mayer M, Petrus K, Tóth D. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37624178/">Fatal overdose with the cannabinoid receptor agonists MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA: A case report and review of the literature</a>. <em>Toxics</em>. 2023;11(8):673. Published 2023 Aug 5. doi:10.3390/toxics11080673</li><li>Gladden RM, Chavez-Gray V, O'Donnell J, Goldberger BA. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35951491/">Notes from the field: overdose deaths involving eutylone (psychoactive bath salts) - United States, 2020</a>. <em>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</em>. 2022;71(32):1032-1034. Published 2022 Aug 12. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7132a3</li><li>Ehlers PF, Deitche A, Wise LM, et al. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38175814/">Notes from the field: Seizures, hyperthermia, and myocardial injury in three young adults who consumed bromazolam disguised as alprazolam - Chicago, Illinois, February 2023</a>. <em>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</em>. 2024;72(5253):1392-1393. Published 2024 Jan 5. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm725253a5</li></ol></div> </div> </div> </article> <aside class="layout-sidebar-right article-aside" role="complementary"> <div class="citation-block" id="block-citation"> <div class="citation"> <button class="citation-header button button-primary-alt button--small" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"> <span class="pointer-background"><i class="fas fa-quote-left"></i> Cite this article</span> </button> <div class="citation-content"> <div class="tabs-wrapper"> <button class="tab-button active button button-secondary-alt button--small" data-click="selectme1">APA Style</button> <button class="tab-button button button-secondary-alt button--small" data-click="selectme2">MLA Style</button> <button class="tab-button button button-secondary-alt button--small" data-click="selectme3">AMA Style</button> </div> <div id="selectme1" class="selectme"> <p> NIDA. 2024, September 25. Emerging Drug Trends. Retrieved from https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends on 2024, November 22 </p> </div> <div id="selectme2" class="selectme" style="display:none;"> <p> NIDA. "Emerging Drug Trends." <em>National Institute on Drug Abuse</em>, 25 Sep. 2024, https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends Accessed 22 Nov. 2024. </p> </div> <div id="selectme3" class="selectme" style="display:none;"> <p> NIDA. Emerging Drug Trends. National Institute on Drug Abuse website. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends. September 25, 2024 Accessed November 22, 2024. </p> </div> <div class="copy-message"> <span class="smaller">press ctrl+c to copy</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-addtoanybuttons" class="mt-0-5"> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends" data-a2a-title="Emerging Drug Trends"><p class="sidebar-heading a2a-buttons--heading">Share this Page</p><div class="a2a-buttons--flex"><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_x"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_print"></a></div></span> </div> <div class="emergency-block--wrapper"> <div id="block-inanemergencyredbox"> <div><div class="emergency-box l-padding" style="font-size:90%!important;"> <h2 class="h3">In an emergency? Need treatment?</h2> <div class="expand-button expand-button--plus expand-button--icon-before font-primary js-expandmore">Expand for more information</div> <div id="emergency-resources" class="js-to_expand long-url-wrap"> <h3>IN AN EMERGENCY:</h3> <ul style="margin-left:1.3rem;"> <li><strong>Are you or someone you know experiencing severe symptoms or in immediate danger?</strong> Please seek immediate medical attention by <strong>calling 9-1-1</strong> or <strong>visiting an Emergency Department</strong>. Poison control can be reached at <a href="tel:1-800-222-1222" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">1-800-222-1222</a> or <a href="https://www.poison.org" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">www.poison.org</a>. </li> <li><strong>Are you or someone you know experiencing a substance use and/or mental health crisis or any other kind of emotional distress?</strong> Please <strong>call or text 988</strong> or chat <a href="https://www.988lifeline.org" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">www.988lifeline.org</a> to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. 988 connects you with a trained crisis counselor who can help.</li> </ul> <h3>FIND TREATMENT:</h3> <ul style="margin-left:1.3rem;"> <li>For referrals to substance use and mental health treatment programs, call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at <a href="tel:1-800-6620-4357" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">1-800-662-HELP (4357)</a> or visit <a href="https:///www.findtreatment.gov" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">www.FindTreatment.gov</a> to find a qualified healthcare provider in your area.</li> <li>For other personal medical advice, please speak to a qualified health professional. Find more health resources on <a href="https://www.usa.gov/health" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">USA.gov</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>DISCLAIMER:</h3> <p><em>The emergency and referral resources listed above are available to individuals located in the United States and are not operated by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). NIDA is a biomedical research organization and does not provide personalized medical advice, treatment, counseling, or legal consultation. Information provided by NIDA is not a substitute for professional medical care or legal consultation.</em></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="research-topic--bottom-matter"> </div> </div> <div class="article-meta pt-1-2"> <div class="meta-data text-small"> <span class="date"> <time datetime="2024-09-25T12:00:00Z">September 2024</time> </span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> <footer role="contentinfo" class="footer l-section l-section--dark"> <div class="l-inner row no-margin"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-solstice-footer-menu" id="block-solstice-footer" class="col-12 col-desktop-6"> <div class="visually-hidden" id="block-solstice-footer-menu">Footer menu</div> <ul class="footer-links"> <li> <a href="/" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">NIDA Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-topics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1861">Research Topics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22803">Research & Training</a> </li> <li> <a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22863">NIDAMED: Clinical Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/funding" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22854">Grants & Funding</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news-events" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1860">News</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-nida" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2389">About NIDA</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/subscriber/new?qsp=USNIHNIDA_3" title="Subscribe" class="link">Subscribe to NIDA e-mail updates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/accessibility-section-508-information" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2753">Accessibility and Section 508 Information</a> </li> <li> <a href="/privacy-notice" title="Privacy Notice" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2754">Privacy Notice</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="link">Vulnerability Disclosure (HHS)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/freedom-information-act-foia" title="Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22972">Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-nida/working-nida" title="Working at NIDA" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36660">Working at NIDA</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-nida/frequently-asked-questions" title="Frequently Asked Questions" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2777">Frequently Asked Questions</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-nida/contact-us" title="Contact Us" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/378">Contact Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-nida/sitemap" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48387">Sitemap</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="col-12 col-desktop-3 footer__subscribe"> <h3 class="text-accent">Sign Up for Our Newsletter</h3> <form id="GD-snippet-form" action=https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/subscribers/qualify accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" /> <input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIHNIDA_2" /> <p class="">Enter your email address</p> <ol class='form'> <li class='email_fields' style='display: block'> <label for="email" class="visually-hidden">Email Address</label> <input type="email" name="email" id="email" value="" class="long email_text_field email" required="required" placeholder="email address" style="1px solid #999; font-size:15px; margin-bottom:1rem; line-height:1.5; padding:.5rem .5rem;max-width:280px;" /> </li> </ol> <div class='button_panel'> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="Subscribe" class="sr-button button button--small button button-primary-alt" data-disable-with="Submit" style="line-height:1.5;" /> </div> </form> <!-- /Gov delivery signup, NEW --> </div> <div id="block-othernidasites" class="col-12 col-desktop-3"> <div class="other-footer-links"> <div><h3 class="text-accent">Other NIDA Sites</h3> <ul class="footer-links"> <li><a href="https://researchstudies.nida.nih.gov/">NIDA Research Studies in Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="https://irp.nida.nih.gov/">Intramural Research Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://insite.nida.nih.gov/">Employee Intranet - Staff Only, Requires VPN</a></li> </ul> <h4 class="text-accent mb-0">Follow Us</h4> <div class="social-media-white row space-between"> <a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/subscriber/new?qsp=USNIHNIDA_3" class="social-media-email" aria-label="Contact NIDA"><i class="far fa-envelope" title="Envelope" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NIDAnews" class="social-media-twitter" aria-label="Follow us on Twitter"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter" title="Twitter" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NIDANIH" class="social-media-facebook" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f" title="Facebook" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-national-institute-on-drug-abuse-nida" class="social-media-linkedin" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in" title="LinkedIn" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NIDANIH" class="social-media-youtube" aria-label="Follow us on YouTube"><i class="fab fa-youtube" title="YouTube" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/nida-nih/albums" class="social-media-flickr " aria-label="Follow us on Flickr"><i class="fab fa-flickr" title="Flickr" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-footernihlinks" class="footer-links col-12 r-m-t-quad pt-1-2"> <div><ul class="nih-links"><li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a></li><li><a href="/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</a></li><li><a href="https://usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></li></ul><p class="nih-links" style="color:white;">NIH...Turning Discovery Into Health ®</p></div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/52514","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_speed":1200,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":false,"back_to_top_button_type":"text","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to Top"},"clientside_validation_jquery":{"validate_all_ajax_forms":2,"force_validate_on_blur":false,"messages":{"required":"This field is required.","remote":"Please fix this field.","email":"Please enter a valid email address.","url":"Please enter a valid URL.","date":"Please enter a valid date.","dateISO":"Please enter a valid date (ISO).","number":"Please enter a valid number.","digits":"Please enter only digits.","equalTo":"Please enter the same value again.","maxlength":"Please enter no more than {0} characters.","minlength":"Please enter at least {0} characters.","rangelength":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long.","range":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1}.","max":"Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}.","min":"Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}.","step":"Please enter a multiple of {0}."}},"simple_survey":{"parentTag":"body","language":"en","attachStylesheet":true,"debug":false,"delay":35,"configDelay":7,"closingDelay":7,"displayDelayType":"time","configDelayPosition":"bottom","basePath":"\/simple-survey\/api\/nida_2023","questionsPath":"\/simple-survey\/api\/nida_2023\/survey-questions","submitPath":"\/simple-survey\/api\/nida_2023\/submit-questions","validationPath":null,"translations":false,"useFontAwesome":true,"ombDisclaimer":true,"ombId":"0925-0648","ombExpiration":"07-31-2027","ombLink":"https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/privacy-notice#burden","startingQuestion":"22","survey":"nida_2023","displayCooldown":1,"answeredDisplayCooldown":1,"modulePath":"\/modules\/contrib\/simple_survey"},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"(\\.gov)","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".no-ext,\r\n.social-media","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"You are leaving the NIDA Website. This external link provides additional information that is consistent with the intended purpose of this federal site. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) or the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal site. Linking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement by NIDA, HHS, or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the site. You will be subject to the destination site\u2019s privacy policy when you follow the link.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"mailto","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":true,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square fa-xs","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa-solid fa-envelope-square","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":[],"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"ckeditorAccordion":{"accordionStyle":{"collapseAll":1,"keepRowsOpen":1,"animateAccordionOpenAndClose":1,"openTabsWithHash":1}},"field_group":{"html_element":{"mode":"default","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"section-header","id":"","element":"div","show_label":false,"label_element":"h3","label_element_classes":"","attributes":"","effect":"none","speed":"fast","show_empty_fields":false}}},"mediaelement":{"attachSitewide":0},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"178534cd6c109e492224fda1d1dc55dfca2ca2ada8ae66b9055207993006365f"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_Zd9TVP7ZW9fgoPz1jaoEihHGOk1CxFdDeWrihiCRpg8.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1UItyhCAM_CGUT2IiRC8VCCXR078vd7Xeo-0Mw-wuSXYDhKAMebdwgH6snNUM4Gen3E6xT9h9yL9Pipsa35oxqwPvuQbibH8pRiiViE6WuuJuX5iRXRRTmyto8HOhzJudIg8QO9E9Up7e5ZZIOIqSx_fKUx9bBnmlcEXh1Ew2bbWzDXUpEPuDGj9jIOX6tMiJvr8IczCeFPS-5AG6IbKfH04FKkwVyqU7u8Wcovy4PpR-yWUZIskFg0ktA9iRomLtPZSbg4GQKLvbiiiOV6yVAto_VRdpMCvhVez97hOHJeIXsxjF3Q"></script> <script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" async></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_8PUfUCa5EWdT1dviAvVaSD4ochHAOyMKsZrIxBq4E9o.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1UItyhCAM_CGUT2IiRC8VCCXR078vd7Xeo-0Mw-wuSXYDhKAMebdwgH6snNUM4Gen3E6xT9h9yL9Pipsa35oxqwPvuQbibH8pRiiViE6WuuJuX5iRXRRTmyto8HOhzJudIg8QO9E9Up7e5ZZIOIqSx_fKUx9bBnmlcEXh1Ew2bbWzDXUpEPuDGj9jIOX6tMiJvr8IczCeFPS-5AG6IbKfH04FKkwVyqU7u8Wcovy4PpR-yWUZIskFg0ktA9iRomLtPZSbg4GQKLvbiiiOV6yVAto_VRdpMCvhVez97hOHJeIXsxjF3Q"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/ckeditor_accordion/js/accordion.frontend.min.js?sn800d"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_aTcTUPyLSMkh1eH4yo1izheUMCHt1lQ0Cuh9Y28Cxa4.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1UItyhCAM_CGUT2IiRC8VCCXR078vd7Xeo-0Mw-wuSXYDhKAMebdwgH6snNUM4Gen3E6xT9h9yL9Pipsa35oxqwPvuQbibH8pRiiViE6WuuJuX5iRXRRTmyto8HOhzJudIg8QO9E9Up7e5ZZIOIqSx_fKUx9bBnmlcEXh1Ew2bbWzDXUpEPuDGj9jIOX6tMiJvr8IczCeFPS-5AG6IbKfH04FKkwVyqU7u8Wcovy4PpR-yWUZIskFg0ktA9iRomLtPZSbg4GQKLvbiiiOV6yVAto_VRdpMCvhVez97hOHJeIXsxjF3Q"></script> </body> </html>