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href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Някои_направления_на_изследванията" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Някои_направления_на_изследванията"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Някои направления на изследванията</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Някои_направления_на_изследванията-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Материалознание</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 71 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaalkunde" title="Materiaalkunde – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Materiaalkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%81%E1%88%B6%E1%89%BD_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%9D_%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%93" title="የቁሶች ጥናት ሳይንስ ወይም ምህንድስና – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቁሶች ጥናት ሳይንስ ወይም ምህንድስና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="علم المواد – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم المواد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_de_materiales" title="Ciencia de materiales – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciencia de materiales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material%C5%9F%C3%BCnasl%C4%B1q" title="Materialşünaslıq – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Materialşünaslıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%B9%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Материалдар өйрәнеү – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Материалдар өйрәнеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Матэрыялазнаўства – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матэрыялазнаўства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উপাদান বিজ্ঞান – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপাদান বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_o_materijalima" title="Nauka o materijalima – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nauka o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncia_de_materials" title="Ciència de materials – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciència de materials" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95" title="زانستی ماددە – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستی ماددە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi%C3%A1lov%C3%A9_v%C4%9Bdy" title="Materiálové vědy – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Materiálové vědy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Материал пĕлĕвĕ – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Материал пĕлĕвĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialevidenskab" title="Materialevidenskab – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Materialevidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialwissenschaft_und_Werkstofftechnik" title="Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyal%C5%9F%C4%B1nasiye" title="Materyalşınasiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Materyalşınasiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Επιστήμη υλικών – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστήμη υλικών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Materials science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_de_materiales" title="Ciencia de materiales – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencia de materiales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materjaliteadus" title="Materjaliteadus – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Materjaliteadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialen_zientzia" title="Materialen zientzia – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Materialen zientzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="علم مواد – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علم مواد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaalitiede" title="Materiaalitiede – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Materiaalitiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_des_mat%C3%A9riaux" title="Science des matériaux – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Science des matériaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eola%C3%ADocht_na_n-%C3%A1bhar" title="Eolaíocht na n-ábhar – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eolaíocht na n-ábhar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_dos_materiais" title="Ciencia dos materiais – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciencia dos materiais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הנדסת חומרים – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנדסת חומרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पदार्थ विज्ञान – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पदार्थ विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znanost_o_materijalima" title="Znanost o materijalima – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Znanost o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նյութագիտություն – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյութագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_material" title="Teknik material – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teknik material" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienza_dei_materiali" title="Scienza dei materiali – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scienza dei materiali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="材料工学 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="材料工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Материалтану – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Материалтану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EB%A3%8C%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="재료과학 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재료과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83" title="Материал таануу – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Материал таануу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEiagotyra" title="Medžiagotyra – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medžiagotyra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi%C4%81lzin%C4%81tne" title="Materiālzinātne – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Materiālzinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Материалын шинжлэх ухаан – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Материалын шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पदार्थविज्ञान – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पदार्थविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains_bahan" title="Sains bahan – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sains bahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xjenza_tal-materjali" title="Xjenza tal-materjali – малтийски" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xjenza tal-materjali" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पदार्थ विज्ञान – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पदार्थ विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaalkunde" title="Materiaalkunde – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Materiaalkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiall%C3%A6re" title="Materiallære – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Materiallære" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialvitenskap" title="Materialvitenskap – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Materialvitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badania_materia%C5%82owe" title="Badania materiałowe – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Badania materiałowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="موادپوهنه – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موادپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_dos_materiais" title="Ciência dos materiais – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciência dos materiais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_materialelor" title="Știința materialelor – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Știința materialelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Материаловедение – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Материаловедение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Materials science" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_o_materijalima" title="Nauka o materijalima – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nauka o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="ද්‍රව්‍යයමය විද්‍යාව හැදින්වීම – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්‍රව්‍යයමය විද්‍යාව හැදින්වීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Materials science" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkenca_e_materialeve" title="Shkenca e materialeve – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkenca e materialeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_o_materijalima" title="Nauka o materijalima – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nauka o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lmu_bahan" title="Élmu bahan – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Élmu bahan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialvetenskap" title="Materialvetenskap – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Materialvetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பொருளறிவியல் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருளறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วัสดุศาสตร์ – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัสดุศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agham_ng_mga_materyal" title="Agham ng mga materyal – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agham ng mga materyal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malzeme_bilimi" title="Malzeme bilimi – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malzeme bilimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89" title="ماتېرىيال ئىلمى – уйгурски" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماتېرىيال ئىلمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Матеріалознавство – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Матеріалознавство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="اموادی علم – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اموادی علم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_v%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u" title="Khoa học vật liệu – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa học vật liệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syensya_hin_materyales" title="Syensya hin materyales – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syensya hin materyales" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="材料科学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="材料科学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="材料科學 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="材料科學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q228736#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-serious" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">За информацията в тази статия или раздел <b>не са <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Уикипедия:Цитиране на източници">посочени източници</a>.</b> Въпросната информация може да е непълна, неточна или изцяло невярна.<br />Имайте предвид, че това може да стане причина за <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Изтриване на страници и файлове">изтриването</a> на цялата статия или раздел.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Nuvola_apps_important.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/80px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Materials_science_tetrahedron;structure,_processing,_performance,_and_proprerties-ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Materials_science_tetrahedron%3Bstructure%2C_processing%2C_performance%2C_and_proprerties-ru.svg/220px-Materials_science_tetrahedron%3Bstructure%2C_processing%2C_performance%2C_and_proprerties-ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Materials_science_tetrahedron%3Bstructure%2C_processing%2C_performance%2C_and_proprerties-ru.svg/330px-Materials_science_tetrahedron%3Bstructure%2C_processing%2C_performance%2C_and_proprerties-ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Materials_science_tetrahedron%3Bstructure%2C_processing%2C_performance%2C_and_proprerties-ru.svg/440px-Materials_science_tetrahedron%3Bstructure%2C_processing%2C_performance%2C_and_proprerties-ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Материалознание</b> е <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Научна дисциплина">научна дисциплина</a>, която има отношение към няколко дяла на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука">науката</a> и изучава връзката между структурата на материалите (на атомно ниво) и техните свойства, както и приложенията им в различни инженерни и научни области. Включва елементи преди всичко от приложната <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физика</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химия</a>. Покрай развитието на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нанотехнология">нанотехнологията</a>, материалознанието също така става много важна университетска дисциплина. </p><p>Към изучаваните свойства на материалите се числят електронни, термични, химични, магнитни и оптически, като интерес представляват както твърдото, така и течното състояние на веществата и материалите. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Някои_направления_на_изследванията"><span id=".D0.9D.D1.8F.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B8.D0.B7.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Някои направления на изследванията</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Някои направления на изследванията" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Някои направления на изследванията"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нанотехнология">Нанотехнология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кристалография">Кристалография</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика">Керамика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Металознание (страницата не съществува)">Металознание</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Металургия">Металургия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биоматериали (страницата не съществува)">Биоматериали</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метаматериал">Метаматериал</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Физика на твърдото тяло">Физика на твърдото тяло</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Химия на твърдото тяло">Химия на твърдото тяло</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Течни кристали">Течни кристали</a></li></ul> <div class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1em;display:table"><div style="float:left;width:32px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Science.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Science.jpg/30px-Science.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Science.jpg/45px-Science.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Science.jpg/60px-Science.jpg 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="75" /></a></span></div><div style="margin-left:37px"><i>Тази статия, свързана с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физика</a>, все още е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Мъниче">мъниче</a>. Помогнете на Уикипедия, като я <a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit">редактирате</a> и разширите.</i></div></div><div class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1em;display:table"><div style="float:left;width:32px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div><div style="margin-left:37px"><i>Тази статия, свързана с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химия</a>, все още е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Мъниче">мъниче</a>. Помогнете на Уикипедия, като я <a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit">редактирате</a> и разширите.</i></div></div> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Шаблон:Физика раздели"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> Раздели на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физиката</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика">Акустика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия">Астрономия</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика">Астрофизика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атмосферна физика">Атмосферна физика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атомна, молекулярна и оптична физика">Атомна, молекулярна и оптична физика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Биофизика">Биофизика</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Медицинска физика">Медицинска физика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Неврофизика">Неврофизика</a></small>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Геофизика">Геофизика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електродинамика">Електродинамика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Квантова теория на полето">Квантова теория на полето</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова физика">Квантова физика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математическа физика">Математическа физика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Механика">Механика</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класическа механика">Класическа механика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Механика на непрекъснатите среди">Механика на непрекъснатите среди</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова механика">Квантова механика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Механика на флуидите">Механика на флуидите</a></small>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Нелинейна динамика">Нелинейна динамика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика">Оптика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Специална теория на относителността">Специална</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Обща теория на относителността">обща теория</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Теория на относителността">относителността</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Статистическа физика">Статистическа физика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика">Термодинамика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Физика на елементарните частици">Физика на елементарните частици</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Физика на твърдото тяло">Физика на твърдото тяло</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физика на кондензираната материя">Физика на кондензираната материя</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физикохимия">Физикохимия</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядрена физика">Ядрена физика</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Експериментална физика">Експериментална физика</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретична физика">Теоретична физика</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5)" title="Шаблон:Химия (клонове)"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%29&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5)&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> Области на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химията</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физикохимия">Физикохимия</a></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Електрохимия">Електрохимия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Квантова химия">Квантова химия</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Материалознание</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Термохимия">Термохимия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Физикохимия на повърхностите">Физикохимия на повърхностите</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фотохимия">Фотохимия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химична кинетика">Химична кинетика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химическа физика">Химическа физика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Химия на твърдото тяло">Химия на твърдото тяло</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Органична химия">Органична химия</a></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бионеорганична химия">Бионеорганична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биоорганична химия">Биоорганична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биофизическа химия">Биофизическа химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биохимия">Биохимия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Елементоорганична химия">Елементоорганична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Металоорганична химия">Металоорганична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Фармацевтична химия">Фармацевтична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физическа органична химия">Физическа органична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химическа биология">Химическа биология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Химия на полимерите">Химия на полимерите</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Неорганична химия">Неорганична химия</a></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Клъстер (химия)">Клъстерна химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ядрена химия">Ядрена химия</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Други</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аналитична химия">Аналитична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геохимия">Геохимия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Изчислителна химия">Изчислителна химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Химично инженерство">Химично инженерство</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Надмолекулярна химия">Надмолекулярна химия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Теоретична химия">Теоретична химия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Химическо образование (страницата не съществува)">Химическо образование</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Химия на околната среда">Химия на околната среда</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="hlist hlist-big plainlinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Нормативен контрол<span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736#identifiers" title="Редактиране в Уикиданни"><img 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