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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Tympanic nerve</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray791.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/250px-Gray791.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/375px-Gray791.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Plan of upper portions of <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossopharyngeal">glossopharyngeal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagus">vagus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">accessory nerves</a>. (Tympanic nerve visible in upper right)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray779.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray779.png/250px-Gray779.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray779.png/375px-Gray779.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray779.png/500px-Gray779.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="391" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tympanic nerve (labelled right side)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">To</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_plexus" title="Tympanic plexus">Tympanic plexus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervus tympanicus</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.01.138%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.01.138</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6323">6323</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma53480">53480</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127928" class="extiw" title="d:Q1127928">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>tympanic nerve</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Lewin_Jacobson" title="Ludwig Lewin Jacobson">Jacobson</a>'s nerve</b>) is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">glossopharyngeal nerve</a> passing through the <a href="/wiki/Petrous_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Petrous part of the temporal bone">petrous part of the temporal bone</a> to reach the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a>. It provides sensory innervation for the middle ear, the <a href="/wiki/Eustachian_tube" title="Eustachian tube">Eustachian tube</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mastoid_cells" title="Mastoid cells">mastoid cells</a>. It also carries parasympathetic fibers destined for the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve contains sensory axons to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a> (including the internal surface of the <a href="/wiki/Eardrum" title="Eardrum">tympanic membrane</a>) whose cell bodies are lodged in the <a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">superior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It also contains parasympathetic axons which continue as the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_petrosal_nerve" title="Lesser petrosal nerve">lesser petrosal nerve</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a>, which itself gives off postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve arises from the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">inferior ganglion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a>.<b><sup id="cite_ref-Sinnatamby-2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinnatamby-2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Course">Course</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It passes through the <a href="/wiki/Petrous_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Petrous part of the temporal bone">petrous part of the temporal bone</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Tympanic_canaliculus" title="Tympanic canaliculus">tympanic canaliculus</a> that is situated within the bony ridge separating the <a href="/wiki/Carotid_canal" title="Carotid canal">carotid canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jugular_foramen" title="Jugular foramen">jugular foramen</a> to reach the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a>.<b><sup id="cite_ref-Sinnatamby-2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinnatamby-2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Tympanic_cavity" title="Tympanic cavity">tympanic cavity</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a>, it ramifies upon the <a href="/wiki/Promontory_of_tympanic_cavity" title="Promontory of tympanic cavity">promontory of tympanic cavity</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Tympanic_plexus" title="Tympanic plexus">tympanic plexus</a>.<b><sup id="cite_ref-Sinnatamby-2011_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinnatamby-2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b><sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sensory">Sensory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sensory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve provides sensation to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tympanic_cavity" title="Tympanic cavity">tympanic cavity</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes the internal surface of the <a href="/wiki/Eardrum" title="Eardrum">tympanic membrane</a>. It also supplies the <a href="/wiki/Eustachian_tube" title="Eustachian tube">Eustachian tube</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mastoid_cells" title="Mastoid cells">mastoid air cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parasympathetic_autonomic">Parasympathetic autonomic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Parasympathetic autonomic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve is also the parasympathetic root of the <a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas-2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These neurons then provide secretomotor innervation of the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Auriculotemporal_nerve" title="Auriculotemporal nerve">auriculotemporal nerve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is involved in the salivatory reflex to increase <a href="/wiki/Salivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Salivation">salivation</a> during <a href="/wiki/Chewing" title="Chewing">chewing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barral-2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barral-2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variation">Variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve usually arises from the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">inferior ganglion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">glossopharyngeal nerve</a>. Rarely, it may arise from a higher part.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Rarely, it may provide no parasympathetic fibres to the otic ganglion.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas-2005_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve is involved in a reflex, where stimulation of the <a href="/wiki/Ear_canal" title="Ear canal">ear canal</a> increases <a href="/wiki/Salivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Salivation">salivation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barral-2009_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barral-2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve may be involved by <a href="/wiki/Paraganglioma" title="Paraganglioma">paraganglioma</a>, in this location referred to as a glomus tympanicum tumour.<sup id="cite_ref-Weissleder-2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weissleder-2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This causes a soft mass in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tympanic_cavity" title="Tympanic cavity">tympanic cavity</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Weissleder-2011_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weissleder-2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There may also be <a href="/wiki/Pulsatile_tinnitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulsatile tinnitus">pulsatile tinnitus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">hearing loss</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hearing_problems" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing problems">hearing problems</a>, and some cardiac abnormalities.<sup id="cite_ref-Weissleder-2011_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weissleder-2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tympanic nerve is also known as the nerve of Jacobson, or Jacobson's nerve.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray782_updated.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lesser petrosal nerve"><img alt="Lesser petrosal nerve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gray782_updated.png/120px-Gray782_updated.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gray782_updated.png/180px-Gray782_updated.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gray782_updated.png/240px-Gray782_updated.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lesser petrosal nerve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray843.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sympathetic connections of the otic and superior cervical ganglia."><img alt="Sympathetic connections of the otic and superior cervical ganglia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray843.png/86px-Gray843.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray843.png/129px-Gray843.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray843.png/172px-Gray843.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system" title="Sympathetic nervous system">Sympathetic connections</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior cervical ganglia">superior cervical ganglia</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/910/mode/2up">page 910</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tubbs-2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tubbs-2015_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTubbsShojaLoukas2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Tubbs, R. Shane; Shoja, Mohammadali; Loukas, Marios (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124103900000275">"26 - Anatomy of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve"</a>. <i>Nerves and Nerve Injuries</i>. Vol. 1: History, Embryology, Anatomy, Imaging, and Diagnostics. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. pp. 371–383. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-410390-0.00027-5">10.1016/B978-0-12-410390-0.00027-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-410390-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-410390-0"><bdi>978-0-12-410390-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=26+-+Anatomy+of+the+Glossopharyngeal+Nerve&rft.btitle=Nerves+and+Nerve+Injuries&rft.pages=371-383&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-410390-0.00027-5&rft.isbn=978-0-12-410390-0&rft.aulast=Tubbs&rft.aufirst=R.+Shane&rft.au=Shoja%2C+Mohammadali&rft.au=Loukas%2C+Marios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780124103900000275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATympanic+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinnatamby-2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sinnatamby-2011_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinnatamby-2011_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinnatamby-2011_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinnatamby2011" class="citation book cs1">Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). <i>Last's Anatomy</i> (12th ed.). p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7295-3752-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7295-3752-0"><bdi>978-0-7295-3752-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last%27s+Anatomy&rft.pages=366&rft.edition=12th&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0&rft.aulast=Sinnatamby&rft.aufirst=Chummy+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATympanic+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas-2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas-2005_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas-2005_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasMathias2005" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, P. K.; Mathias, Christopher J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780721694917500557">"52 - Diseases of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Cranial Nerves"</a>. <i>Peripheral Neuropathy</i>. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a>. pp. 1273–1293. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-7216-9491-7.50055-7">10.1016/B978-0-7216-9491-7.50055-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-9491-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-9491-7"><bdi>978-0-7216-9491-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=52+-+Diseases+of+the+Ninth%2C+Tenth%2C+Eleventh%2C+and+Twelfth+Cranial+Nerves&rft.btitle=Peripheral+Neuropathy&rft.pages=1273-1293&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-7216-9491-7.50055-7&rft.isbn=978-0-7216-9491-7&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=P.+K.&rft.au=Mathias%2C+Christopher+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780721694917500557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATympanic+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barral-2009-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barral-2009_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barral-2009_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarralCroibier2009" class="citation book cs1">Barral, Jean-Pierre; Croibier, Alain (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702031007500240">"21 - Glossopharyngeal nerve"</a>. <i>Manual Therapy for the Cranial Nerves</i>. <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Livingstone" title="Churchill Livingstone">Churchill Livingstone</a>. pp. 181–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-7020-3100-7.50024-0">10.1016/B978-0-7020-3100-7.50024-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-3100-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-3100-7"><bdi>978-0-7020-3100-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=21+-+Glossopharyngeal+nerve&rft.btitle=Manual+Therapy+for+the+Cranial+Nerves&rft.pages=181-189&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-7020-3100-7.50024-0&rft.isbn=978-0-7020-3100-7&rft.aulast=Barral&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.au=Croibier%2C+Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780702031007500240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATympanic+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weissleder-2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weissleder-2011_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weissleder-2011_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weissleder-2011_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisslederWittenbergHarisinghaniChen2011" class="citation book cs1">Weissleder, Ralph; Wittenberg, Jack; Harisinghani, Mukesh G.; Chen, John W. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978032306538200007X">"7 - Head and Neck Imaging"</a>. <i>Primer of Diagnostic Imaging</i> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Mosby_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosby (publisher)">Mosby</a>. pp. 427–461. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-06538-2.00007-X">10.1016/B978-0-323-06538-2.00007-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-06538-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-06538-2"><bdi>978-0-323-06538-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7+-+Head+and+Neck+Imaging&rft.btitle=Primer+of+Diagnostic+Imaging&rft.pages=427-461&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-06538-2.00007-X&rft.isbn=978-0-323-06538-2&rft.aulast=Weissleder&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.au=Wittenberg%2C+Jack&rft.au=Harisinghani%2C+Mukesh+G.&rft.au=Chen%2C+John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB978032306538200007X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATympanic+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tympanic_nerve&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=Tympanic+nerve&es_sm=91&tbm=isch&imgil=HeO-Y6Rm4CrmzM%253A%253B4WLgrkozQUcLuM%253Bhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.studyblue.com%25252Fnotes%25252Fnote%25252Fn%25252Fneuroanatomy-lecture-14-%25252Fdeck%25252F6432334&source=iu&pf=m&fir=HeO-Y6Rm4CrmzM%253A%252C4WLgrkozQUcLuM%252C_&biw=1436&bih=805&usg=__CBo6kkqMse2BvZZ-68RBvCt3R5M%3D&ved=0CD0QyjdqFQoTCIuav_Dn1cgCFYNWjgod6ZEH7Q&ei=hrIoVou_CoOtuQTpo57oDg#imgrc=HeO-Y6Rm4CrmzM%3A&usg=__CBo6kkqMse2BvZZ-68RBvCt3R5M%3D/">Tympanic and Lesser petrosal nerve diagram </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/cranialnerves.htm">cranialnerves</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/IX.jpg">IX</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cranial_nerves" title="Template talk:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_cranial_nerves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">cranial nerves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terminal_nerve" title="Terminal nerve">Terminal</a> (CN 0)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septal_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Septal nuclei">septal nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory</a> (CN I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_olfactory_nucleus" title="Anterior olfactory nucleus">anterior olfactory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_tract" title="Olfactory tract">olfactory tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic</a> (CN II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus" title="Lateral geniculate nucleus">lateral geniculate nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_chiasm" title="Optic chiasm">optic chiasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_tract" title="Optic tract">optic tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve" title="Oculomotor nerve">Oculomotor</a> (CN III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus" title="Oculomotor nucleus">oculomotor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinger%E2%80%93Westphal_nucleus" title="Edinger–Westphal nucleus">Edinger–Westphal nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior branch of oculomotor nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_root_of_ciliary_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion">parasympathetic root</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">ciliary ganglion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">Trochlear</a> (CN IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nucleus" title="Trochlear nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal</a> (CN V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve">PSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus" title="Spinal trigeminal nucleus">spinal trigeminal nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve">MN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_motor_nucleus" title="Trigeminal motor nucleus">TMN</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_ganglion" title="Trigeminal ganglion">trigeminal ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_nerve" title="Ophthalmic nerve">ophthalmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_nerve" title="Maxillary nerve">maxillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">Abducens</a> (CN VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nucleus" title="Abducens nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">Facial</a> (CN VII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Near origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_nerve" title="Intermediate nerve">Intermediate nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">Geniculate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inside<br /><a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">facial canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Greater petrosal nerve">Greater petrosal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion" title="Pterygopalatine ganglion">pterygopalatine ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_to_the_stapedius" title="Nerve to the stapedius">Nerve to the stapedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">Chorda tympani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_nerve" title="Lingual nerve">lingual nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">submandibular ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">At <a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid<br />foramen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_auricular_nerve" title="Posterior auricular nerve">Posterior auricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprahyoid_muscles" title="Suprahyoid muscles">Suprahyoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digastric_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Digastric branch of facial nerve">digastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve">stylohyoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parotid_plexus" title="Parotid plexus">Parotid plexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Temporal branches of the facial nerve">temporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve">zygomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Buccal branch of the facial nerve">buccal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_mandibular_branch_of_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve">mandibular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Cervical branch of the facial nerve">cervical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus" title="Facial motor nucleus">Facial motor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_salivary_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivary nucleus">Superior salivary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear</a> (CN VIII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">vestibular nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochlear nuclei">cochlear nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nerve" title="Cochlear nerve">Cochlear nerve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striae_medullares" class="mw-redirect" title="Striae medullares">striae medullares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus" title="Lateral lemniscus">lateral lemniscus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nerve" title="Vestibular nerve">Vestibular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scarpa%27s_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarpa's ganglion">Scarpa's ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal</a> (CN IX)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tympanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_plexus" title="Tympanic plexus">tympanic plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_petrosal_nerve" title="Lesser petrosal nerve">lesser petrosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylopharyngeal_branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve">Stylopharyngeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Pharyngeal branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsillar_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Tonsillar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Tonsillar branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Lingual branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve_to_carotid_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch of glossopharyngeal nerve to carotid sinus">Carotid sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior salivatory nucleus">Inferior salivatory nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">Vagus</a> (CN X)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of vagus nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meningeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Meningeal branch of vagus nerve">Meningeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Auricular branch of vagus nerve">Auricular branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve">Pharyngeal branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_plexus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve">pharyngeal plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_laryngeal_nerve" title="Superior laryngeal nerve">Superior laryngeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="External laryngeal nerve">external</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal laryngeal nerve">internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">Recurrent laryngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_cardiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve">Superior cervical cardiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cardiac_branches_of_the_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior cardiac branches of the vagus nerve">Inferior cardiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pulmonary branches of vagus nerve">Pulmonary</a></li> <li>Vagal trunks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior vagal trunk">anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior vagal trunk">posterior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Celiac branches of vagus nerve">Celiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Renal branches of vagus nerve">Renal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk">Hepatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_gastric_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk">Anterior gastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_gastric_branches_of_posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk">Posterior gastric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve">Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">Accessory</a> (CN XI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_accessory_nucleus" title="Spinal accessory nucleus">spinal accessory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_root_of_accessory_nerves" title="Cranial root of accessory nerves">Cranial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_root_of_accessory_nerve" title="Spinal root of accessory nerve">Spinal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve" title="Hypoglossal nerve">Hypoglossal</a> (CN XII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nucleus" title="Hypoglossal nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_hypoglossal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve">lingual</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 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