CINXE.COM
(PDF) " Use Words Only If Necessary " : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe | Paul C Manuel - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="be9f4OLE5kGCIbK2GBMqPTVZ+pipps3ShSl/YmBNe/70y06pCSL50uiJpOJ54Q5RmROHqvofT5IsBpMdiUOAZA==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="“Use Words Only If Necessary”: The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2018" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Paul Christopher Manuel" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Miguel Glatzer" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1-18" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="" Use Words Only If Necessary " : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The consideration of religious variables in comparative politics entered the scholarly discussion relatively late, but a number of important works over the past few years have considered the possibilities and obstacles religion presents to a" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/31752810/20306621/20006233/s200_paul.manuel.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe" /> <meta property="og:title" content="" Use Words Only If Necessary " : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The consideration of religious variables in comparative politics entered the scholarly discussion relatively late, but a number of important works over the past few years have considered the possibilities and obstacles religion presents to a" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://georgetown.academia.edu/PaulMANUEL" /> <meta name="description" content="The consideration of religious variables in comparative politics entered the scholarly discussion relatively late, but a number of important works over the past few years have considered the possibilities and obstacles religion presents to a" /> <title>(PDF) " Use Words Only If Necessary " : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe | Paul C Manuel - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'c7ac46e400875c3b13c788ad246730fe5f6b36cc'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732755123000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732755123000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The consideration of religious variables in comparative politics entered the scholarly discussion relatively late, but a number of important works over the past few years have considered the possibilities and obstacles religion presents to a democratic society. Among other concerns, this literature examines how the work of religious interest associations might promote greater social capital, civic engagement, empowerment, and participation among the poor and other socially marginalized groups. This literature is consistent with the concept of muted vibrancy and builds on both the social capital and democratic deepening approaches.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Paul C Manuel"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2018-11-12","dateModified":"2018-11-12","datePublished":null,"headline":"\" Use Words Only If Necessary \" : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Religion and Social Welfare"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIAL WELFARE Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Western Europe","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"georgetown"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "072ce2ef07398ff5388e006b55d81ba72d62509ad460bd4ef1a83dfc4bf37430", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="IJbN7tc5FpooURMCybIzHOC40XIJbyct73Qs3+Uu71a5stynPN8JCUL5BVaoQBdwTPKsQFrWpW1GW8CgDCAUzA==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="YTzM+xTIZzwtspuK5AnOD7HdtNnUbQOL1v2vyxWvgLr4GN2y/y54r0cajd6F++pjHZfJ64fUgct/0kO0/KF7IA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-71e03f93a0fba43adc4297a781256a72e56b0d578ac299a0d81b09f4c7bc6f70.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 31752810; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37754224%2F_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37754224%2F_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":57750117,"identifier":"Attachment_57750117","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":37754224,"created_at":"2018-11-12T10:01:07.163-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T10:27:25.743-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The consideration of religious variables in comparative politics entered the\nscholarly discussion relatively late, but a number of important works over\nthe past few years have considered the possibilities and obstacles religion\npresents to a democratic society. Among other concerns, this literature\nexamines how the work of religious interest associations might promote\ngreater social capital, civic engagement, empowerment, and participation\namong the poor and other socially marginalized groups. This literature is\nconsistent with the concept of muted vibrancy and builds on both the\nsocial capital and democratic deepening approaches.","publication_name":"FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIAL WELFARE Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Western Europe"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"\" Use Words Only If Necessary \" : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [31752810]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":57750117,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “" Use Words Only If Necessary " : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/57750117/mini_magick20190110-12525-1msjdrs.png?1547139076" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">" Use Words Only If Necessary " : The Strategic Silence of Organized Religion in Contemporary Europe</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31752810" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/PaulMANUEL"><img alt="Profile image of Paul C Manuel" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/31752810/20306621/20006233/s65_paul.manuel.jpg" />Paul C Manuel</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIAL WELFARE Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Western Europe</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The consideration of religious variables in comparative politics entered the scholarly discussion relatively late, but a number of important works over the past few years have considered the possibilities and obstacles religion presents to a democratic society. Among other concerns, this literature examines how the work of religious interest associations might promote greater social capital, civic engagement, empowerment, and participation among the poor and other socially marginalized groups. This literature is consistent with the concept of muted vibrancy and builds on both the social capital and democratic deepening approaches.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":57750117,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":57750117,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="57750117" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/37754224/_Use_Words_Only_If_Necessary_The_Strategic_Silence_of_Organized_Religion_in_Contemporary_Europe" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="34400888" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34400888/Empowerment_through_religion_religion_s_survival_strategies_in_democratic_politics">Empowerment through religion: religion’s survival strategies in democratic politics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67711649" href="https://ktfp.academia.edu/MaciejPotz">Maciej Potz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Przegląd Politologiczny, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In contemporary Western world religion has long lost its status of a default legitimating formula and has been relegated, in liberal political philosophy, to the private sphere. Institutionally, religious organizations have been largely separated from government institutions. Despite these adverse circumstances, religion – both as a system of ideas, values and norms and in its institutional expression – has adopted effective survival strategies guarding it from social and political marginalization. Religion has been accorded special status among other ideologies. In science, it results in a sort of methodological agnosticism, which treats religious and scientific statements as belonging to two incommensurable spheres. In politics, religious organizations are often granted special legal status among other political actors and religious freedom has been constitutionalized as a special case of general freedom of expression. As judicature and political practice show, religious arguments can often trump non-religious claims when fundamental value conflicts arise. In their political activity, religious organizations have used strategies characteristic for other political actors (lobbying, mass mobilization etc.), thereby gaining democratic legitimacy, as well as unique, religion-specific strategies. Armed with these and other empowering tools, religion can continue to influence democratic political systems in significant ways. Keywords: religion and politics in Poland; religion and politics in USA; political science of religion; political movements; religious political actors in liberal democracy</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Empowerment through religion: religion’s survival strategies in democratic politics","attachmentId":54282678,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34400888/Empowerment_through_religion_religion_s_survival_strategies_in_democratic_politics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34400888/Empowerment_through_religion_religion_s_survival_strategies_in_democratic_politics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="124366570" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124366570/Faith_Based_Organizations_and_Social_Welfare_Associational_Life_and_Religion_in_Contemporary_Eastern_Europe">Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare : Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Eastern Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31752810" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/PaulMANUEL">Paul C Manuel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare : Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Eastern Europe","attachmentId":118605943,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124366570/Faith_Based_Organizations_and_Social_Welfare_Associational_Life_and_Religion_in_Contemporary_Eastern_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124366570/Faith_Based_Organizations_and_Social_Welfare_Associational_Life_and_Religion_in_Contemporary_Eastern_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="93768206" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93768206/Religion_and_Democracy_in_the_Post_Modern_World_The_Possibility_of_a_Religiously_Qualified_Public_Sphere">Religion and Democracy in the Post-Modern World: The Possibility of a “Religiously Qualified” Public Sphere</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30968852" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/PierpaoloDonati">Pierpaolo Donati</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Democracy in the Post-Modern World: The Possibility of a “Religiously Qualified” Public Sphere","attachmentId":96414812,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93768206/Religion_and_Democracy_in_the_Post_Modern_World_The_Possibility_of_a_Religiously_Qualified_Public_Sphere","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93768206/Religion_and_Democracy_in_the_Post_Modern_World_The_Possibility_of_a_Religiously_Qualified_Public_Sphere"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="65224312" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65224312/Religion_and_democratisation_when_and_how_it_matters">Religion and democratisation: when and how it matters</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57708563" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JocelyneCesari">Jocelyne Cesari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Religious and Political Practice</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and democratisation: when and how it matters","attachmentId":76918804,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65224312/Religion_and_democratisation_when_and_how_it_matters","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65224312/Religion_and_democratisation_when_and_how_it_matters"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="20633131" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20633131/Religious_Culture_and_Political_Action">Religious Culture and Political Action</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23556244" href="https://unm.academia.edu/RichardLWood">Richard L Wood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sociological Theory, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious Culture and Political Action","attachmentId":41938214,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20633131/Religious_Culture_and_Political_Action","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20633131/Religious_Culture_and_Political_Action"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="89335165" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89335165/A_different_face_of_faith_based_politics_social_capital_and_community_organizing_in_the_public_arena">A different face of faith‐based politics: social capital and community organizing in the public arena</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6902966" href="https://unm.academia.edu/RichardWood">Richard Wood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Questions whether, in the USA, faith‐based communities can have an important effect on politics. Contends that other areas, where there are poorer communities, are more likely to be influenced politically in civil society although does not preclude other income sectors from being similarly affected just that deprived areas are more likely to listen to faith‐based organizers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A different face of faith‐based politics: social capital and community organizing in the public arena","attachmentId":93153413,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89335165/A_different_face_of_faith_based_politics_social_capital_and_community_organizing_in_the_public_arena","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89335165/A_different_face_of_faith_based_politics_social_capital_and_community_organizing_in_the_public_arena"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="36006179" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36006179/Civil_Society_Organizations_and_the_Enduring_Role_of_Religion_in_Promoting_Democratic_Engagement">Civil Society Organizations and the Enduring Role of Religion in Promoting Democratic Engagement</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2353709" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/BradFulton">Brad R Fulton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Voluntas, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">As Tocqueville observed the emergence of democracy in the USA, he noted the central role religion played in undergirding democratic life. Nearly 200 years later, it is unclear whether religion continues to possess sufficient capacity to promote democratic engagement. This study links organizational theory with research on the structural and cultural characteristics of civil society organizations (CSOs) to assess the current impact of religion on democracy. It analyzes original data from a national study of politically oriented CSOs to determine whether drawing on structural characteristics of religious congregations and cultural elements of religion helps the organizations promote democratic engagement. The analysis finds a positive relationship between organizations that incorporate structural and cultural forms of religion and their organizing capacity, political access, and mobilizing capacity. These findings suggest that religion, mediated by congregations and religious culture, retains sufficient civic vitality to help politically oriented CSOs foster democratic engagement.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Civil Society Organizations and the Enduring Role of Religion in Promoting Democratic Engagement","attachmentId":55893125,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36006179/Civil_Society_Organizations_and_the_Enduring_Role_of_Religion_in_Promoting_Democratic_Engagement","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36006179/Civil_Society_Organizations_and_the_Enduring_Role_of_Religion_in_Promoting_Democratic_Engagement"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2402235" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2402235/Social_Function_of_Religious_Communities_in_Democratic_Societies">Social Function of Religious Communities in Democratic Societies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3116840" href="https://glocha.academia.edu/MiroslavPolzer">Miroslav Polzer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Legal Position of Churches and Religious Communities in South Eastern Europe. Collection of articles, selected national and international legal texts and other sources Editors: Silvo Devetak, Liana Kalcina, Miroslav F. Polzer (eds.) </p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social Function of Religious Communities in Democratic Societies","attachmentId":30433863,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2402235/Social_Function_of_Religious_Communities_in_Democratic_Societies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2402235/Social_Function_of_Religious_Communities_in_Democratic_Societies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="58635078" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58635078/Religion_and_Civil_Society_A_Critical_Reappraisal_of_Americas_Civic_Engagement_Debate">Religion and Civil Society: A Critical Reappraisal of America's Civic Engagement Debate</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="197744" href="https://newschool.academia.edu/AntoninWagner">Antonin Wagner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article looks at some of the cutting-edge issues that have been raised in the current civic engagement debate, notably with respect to the role played by organized religion in reviving America&#39;s democracy. The framework used to analyze the relationship between religion and civil society borrows from Arendt&#39;s, Habermas&#39;s, and Rawls&#39;s writings in political philosophy. In its core analytical claim, the article draws a division between a discourse-based deliberative democracy and one that is based on participation in mostly local communities and associations. In this context, the author contrasts a social-capital approach to understanding the role of religion and civil society with one that emphasizes the primacy of political relations and hence the importance of political capital. The purpose of the article is to provide a critical framework that can be used by theoreticians and practitioners, facing issues of management and political activism in an organizational ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Civil Society: A Critical Reappraisal of America's Civic Engagement Debate","attachmentId":72950066,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58635078/Religion_and_Civil_Society_A_Critical_Reappraisal_of_Americas_Civic_Engagement_Debate","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58635078/Religion_and_Civil_Society_A_Critical_Reappraisal_of_Americas_Civic_Engagement_Debate"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="99224468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99224468/The_Political_Sociology_of_Religion_The_Impact_of_Religion_on_Political_Attitudes_and_Behaviors_in_Secularizing_European_Societies">The Political Sociology of Religion: The Impact of Religion on Political Attitudes and Behaviors in Secularizing European Societies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44975158" href="https://braintrain.academia.edu/WeiqianXia">Weiqian Xia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PhD dissertaion, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">European societies have experienced extensive secularization. However, the impact of religion in governing people’s political attitudes and behaviors persists, which has been enhanced by several recent developments, including the growing salience of religious and conservative values for the remaining committed religious people, the rise of radical right parties that use Christianity in their anti-immigrant and nationalist rhetoric, and the increasing number of immigrants from outside Europe that contribute to the diversification of religion in European societies. This dissertation investigates the continuing impact of religion on political attitudes and political behaviors in European societies under a secularizing age as embodied in those developments. I will inquire using aspects of political cleavage, political institution, and political articulation related to religion. Study I examines how national contexts related to religion (secularization and party polarization on morality issues) moderate the impact of same-sex marriage and partnership legislation on public attitudes towards homosexuality. Using eight rounds of European Social Survey (ESS) data, the study shows that, first, in more secular countries and after partnership legislation has passed, there are more divergences in attitudes towards homosexuality between core religious members and the more secular others, with the former showing more negative attitudes. Second, in countries where political parties are more polarized on morality issues, the impact of partnership legislation is more negative in the general population across religiosity and partisanship; however, this effect is not repeated for marriage legislation. The study uncovers distinct effects of different normative institutions in moderating the relationship between legislation and attitudes through the articulation process. Study II focuses on the mechanism underlying the relationship between Christian religiosity and voting for populist radical right parties in Europe, using ESS Round 8 data. Mediation analysis shows that the factors suggested by previous theories, including tolerance towards immigrants, pro-social values and social capital, hardly explain the underrepresentation of Christians in radical right voters. On the contrary, Christians and radical right voters across Europe have high ideological compatibility in authoritarian and moral conservative values, highlighting ample political space for radical right parties to articulate within for attracting Christian support that has yet to be successfully capitalized. This finding is against Christianity itself being an antidote to the radical right. It suggests that the enduring religious cleavage linked to mainstream right parties may still explain why Christians avoid voting for radical parties. Study III investigates the role of religion in mobilizing immigrant political participation in the context of Sweden, using the 2010 Level of Living Survey for the Foreign Born and Their Children (LNU-UFB) data. Contrasting the theoretical expectations, this study finds little evidence that religion mobilizes immigrants to participate in politics; actually, religious attendance is found to be negatively related to political participation. The demobilization effect of religion is stronger for women, first-generation migrants. Those who have experienced religion-based societal discrimination, especially Muslims, are less active in political participation. However, second-generation Muslim immigrants are more active in participating in demonstration than the first generation, possibly due to higher perceived discrimination. The results do not support the theory on religious organizations promoting immigrant political participation in Sweden, nor is there suggestive evidence for the emergence of immigrant or Muslim political cleavage in the Swedish context.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Political Sociology of Religion: The Impact of Religion on Political Attitudes and Behaviors in Secularizing European Societies","attachmentId":100369900,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99224468/The_Political_Sociology_of_Religion_The_Impact_of_Religion_on_Political_Attitudes_and_Behaviors_in_Secularizing_European_Societies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99224468/The_Political_Sociology_of_Religion_The_Impact_of_Religion_on_Political_Attitudes_and_Behaviors_in_Secularizing_European_Societies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":57750117,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":57750117,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_57750117" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="6095556" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6095556/Recension_de_Stan_Lavinia_et_Lucian_Turcescu_2012_Church_State_and_Democracy_in_Expanding_Europe_2011_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_Journal_of_Contemporary_Religion_27_3_p_515_518">Recension de Stan, Lavinia et Lucian Turcescu. 2012. « Church, State, and Democracy in Expanding Europe » [2011], Oxford, Oxford University Press, Journal of Contemporary Religion, 27(3), p. 515-518.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4354572" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/BarbaraTh%C3%A9riault">Barbara Thériault</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Recension de Stan, Lavinia et Lucian Turcescu. 2012. « Church, State, and Democracy in Expanding Europe » [2011], Oxford, Oxford University Press, Journal of Contemporary Religion, 27(3), p. 515-518.","attachmentId":50526587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6095556/Recension_de_Stan_Lavinia_et_Lucian_Turcescu_2012_Church_State_and_Democracy_in_Expanding_Europe_2011_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_Journal_of_Contemporary_Religion_27_3_p_515_518","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6095556/Recension_de_Stan_Lavinia_et_Lucian_Turcescu_2012_Church_State_and_Democracy_in_Expanding_Europe_2011_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_Journal_of_Contemporary_Religion_27_3_p_515_518"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="105519528" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105519528/Religious_activism_in_Eastern_Europe_and_beyond">Religious activism in Eastern Europe and beyond</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1215802" href="https://ephe-sorbonne.academia.edu/JeanneKormina">Jeanne Kormina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religion, State and Society, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religious activism in Eastern Europe and beyond","attachmentId":104967858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105519528/Religious_activism_in_Eastern_Europe_and_beyond","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105519528/Religious_activism_in_Eastern_Europe_and_beyond"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="6298388" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6298388/Why_Religion_has_become_more_Salient_in_Europe_Four_Working_Hypotheses_about_Secularization_and_Religiosity_in_Contemporary_Politics">Why Religion has become more Salient in Europe: Four Working Hypotheses about Secularization and Religiosity in Contemporary Politics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9765645" href="https://brandeis.academia.edu/JytteKlausen">Jytte Klausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Political Science, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Why Religion has become more Salient in Europe: Four Working Hypotheses about Secularization and Religiosity in Contemporary Politics","attachmentId":35335495,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6298388/Why_Religion_has_become_more_Salient_in_Europe_Four_Working_Hypotheses_about_Secularization_and_Religiosity_in_Contemporary_Politics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6298388/Why_Religion_has_become_more_Salient_in_Europe_Four_Working_Hypotheses_about_Secularization_and_Religiosity_in_Contemporary_Politics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="25139007" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25139007/Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology">Religion and Comparative Political Sociology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48307448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenPfaff">Steven Pfaff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sociology Compass, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Comparative Political Sociology","attachmentId":45459869,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25139007/Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25139007/Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="8343794" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8343794/Religion_and_Democracy_in_Europe">Religion and Democracy in Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16484010" href="https://uninsubria.academia.edu/alessandroferrari">alessandro ferrari</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Democracy in Europe","attachmentId":34746861,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8343794/Religion_and_Democracy_in_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8343794/Religion_and_Democracy_in_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="114233656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114233656/Beyond_the_Conflict_Religion_in_the_Public_Sphere_and_Deliberative_Democracy">Beyond the Conflict: Religion in the Public Sphere and Deliberative Democracy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1382913" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElsaGonz%C3%A1lez">Elsa González-Esteban</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Res Publica, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Beyond the Conflict: Religion in the Public Sphere and Deliberative Democracy","attachmentId":110985292,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114233656/Beyond_the_Conflict_Religion_in_the_Public_Sphere_and_Deliberative_Democracy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114233656/Beyond_the_Conflict_Religion_in_the_Public_Sphere_and_Deliberative_Democracy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="60196134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60196134/The_Power_of_Religion_in_the_Public_Sphere">The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="205440833" href="https://asu.academia.edu/Calhoun">Craig J Calhoun</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Common Knowledge, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere","attachmentId":73747482,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60196134/The_Power_of_Religion_in_the_Public_Sphere","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60196134/The_Power_of_Religion_in_the_Public_Sphere"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="28234524" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28234524/The_Impact_of_the_Return_of_Religion_on_Theoretical_Approaches_to_Democracy_and_Governance_in_the_Social_and_Political_Sciences">The Impact of the Return of Religion on Theoretical Approaches to Democracy and Governance in the Social and Political Sciences</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38117646" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/KristinaStoeckl">Kristina Stoeckl</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Impact of the Return of Religion on Theoretical Approaches to Democracy and Governance in the Social and Political Sciences","attachmentId":48553390,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28234524/The_Impact_of_the_Return_of_Religion_on_Theoretical_Approaches_to_Democracy_and_Governance_in_the_Social_and_Political_Sciences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28234524/The_Impact_of_the_Return_of_Religion_on_Theoretical_Approaches_to_Democracy_and_Governance_in_the_Social_and_Political_Sciences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="109394081" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109394081/Religion_and_Politics_European_and_Global_Perspectives">Religion and Politics: European and Global Perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3215851" href="https://lehigh.academia.edu/LloydSteffen">Lloyd Steffen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Political Theology, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Politics: European and Global Perspectives","attachmentId":108228928,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109394081/Religion_and_Politics_European_and_Global_Perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109394081/Religion_and_Politics_European_and_Global_Perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="29735128" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29735128/Religion_at_the_European_Parliament_and_in_European_multi_level_governance_2014_Conclusion">Religion at the European Parliament and in European multi-level governance.2014.Conclusion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56330956" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/DepartmentsCEVIPOL_Centre_d_%C3%A9tude_de_la_vie_politique">François Foret</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion at the European Parliament and in European multi-level governance.2014.Conclusion","attachmentId":50191031,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29735128/Religion_at_the_European_Parliament_and_in_European_multi_level_governance_2014_Conclusion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29735128/Religion_at_the_European_Parliament_and_in_European_multi_level_governance_2014_Conclusion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="25139019" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25139019/Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology_Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology">Religion and Comparative Political Sociology: Religion and Comparative Political Sociology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48307448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenPfaff">Steven Pfaff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sociology Compass, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Comparative Political Sociology: Religion and Comparative Political Sociology","attachmentId":45459871,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25139019/Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology_Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25139019/Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology_Religion_and_Comparative_Political_Sociology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="64112022" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64112022/Religion_and_Social_Capital_the_Diversity_of_European_Regions">Religion and Social Capital: the Diversity of European Regions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11958109" href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/IgorBAhovec">Igor BAhovec</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Social Capital: the Diversity of European Regions","attachmentId":76296380,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64112022/Religion_and_Social_Capital_the_Diversity_of_European_Regions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64112022/Religion_and_Social_Capital_the_Diversity_of_European_Regions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="29735131" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29735131/Religion_at_the_European_Parliament_and_in_European_multi_level_governance_An_overview">Religion at the European Parliament and in European multi-level governance.An overview</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56330956" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/DepartmentsCEVIPOL_Centre_d_%C3%A9tude_de_la_vie_politique">François Foret</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion at the European Parliament and in European multi-level governance.An overview","attachmentId":50191037,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29735131/Religion_at_the_European_Parliament_and_in_European_multi_level_governance_An_overview","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29735131/Religion_at_the_European_Parliament_and_in_European_multi_level_governance_An_overview"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="57813409" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57813409/Revisiting_the_Link_Politicizing_Religion_in_Democratizing_Countries">Revisiting the Link: Politicizing Religion in Democratizing Countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="607577" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/Mylonas">Harris Mylonas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Harvard International Review, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Revisiting the Link: Politicizing Religion in Democratizing Countries","attachmentId":72529556,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57813409/Revisiting_the_Link_Politicizing_Religion_in_Democratizing_Countries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57813409/Revisiting_the_Link_Politicizing_Religion_in_Democratizing_Countries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="39318534" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39318534/The_role_of_Religious_Communities_Institutions_in_the_public_political_sphere_historical_reflection_and_modern_perspectives">The role of Religious Communities/Institutions in the public political sphere: historical reflection and modern perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9107846" href="https://netinfong.academia.edu/GeorgiosGaitanos">Georgios Gaitanos</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of Religious Communities/Institutions in the public political sphere: historical reflection and modern perspectives","attachmentId":59457309,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39318534/The_role_of_Religious_Communities_Institutions_in_the_public_political_sphere_historical_reflection_and_modern_perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39318534/The_role_of_Religious_Communities_Institutions_in_the_public_political_sphere_historical_reflection_and_modern_perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="13753693" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13753693/MAKING_SENSE_OF_RELIGION_IN_POLITICAL_LIFE">MAKING SENSE OF RELIGION IN POLITICAL LIFE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32871790" href="https://socom.academia.edu/AdamLSilverman">Adam L Silverman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annual Review of Political Science, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MAKING SENSE OF RELIGION IN POLITICAL LIFE","attachmentId":44992252,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13753693/MAKING_SENSE_OF_RELIGION_IN_POLITICAL_LIFE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13753693/MAKING_SENSE_OF_RELIGION_IN_POLITICAL_LIFE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="111638259" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111638259/Religion_and_Civil_Society">Religion and Civil Society</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="197744" href="https://newschool.academia.edu/AntoninWagner">Antonin Wagner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Civil Society","attachmentId":109118066,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111638259/Religion_and_Civil_Society","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111638259/Religion_and_Civil_Society"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="30915417" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30915417/NEF_Initiative_on_Religion_and_Democracy_in_Europe">NEF Initiative on Religion and Democracy in Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58846734" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SandraCourcelle">Sandra Courcelle</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"NEF Initiative on Religion and Democracy in Europe","attachmentId":51339284,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30915417/NEF_Initiative_on_Religion_and_Democracy_in_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30915417/NEF_Initiative_on_Religion_and_Democracy_in_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="114733669" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114733669/Religion_and_politics_examining_the_impact_of_faith_on_political_participation">Religion and politics: examining the impact of faith on political participation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="162867" href="https://ndu.academia.edu/MariyaOmelicheva">Mariya Y Omelicheva</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religion, state & society, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and politics: examining the impact of faith on political participation","attachmentId":111350134,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114733669/Religion_and_politics_examining_the_impact_of_faith_on_political_participation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114733669/Religion_and_politics_examining_the_impact_of_faith_on_political_participation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="71874553" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71874553/The_Public_Presence_of_Religion_in_Western_Europe_its_social_significance_among_religious_constituencies_lying_between_the_secular_and_churchgoing_Christians">The Public Presence of Religion in Western Europe: its social significance among religious constituencies lying between the secular and churchgoing Christians?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80853570" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyGlendinning">Anthony Glendinning</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Social Science Studies, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Public Presence of Religion in Western Europe: its social significance among religious constituencies lying between the secular and churchgoing Christians?","attachmentId":81041733,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71874553/The_Public_Presence_of_Religion_in_Western_Europe_its_social_significance_among_religious_constituencies_lying_between_the_secular_and_churchgoing_Christians","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71874553/The_Public_Presence_of_Religion_in_Western_Europe_its_social_significance_among_religious_constituencies_lying_between_the_secular_and_churchgoing_Christians"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="29735114" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29735114/Religion_and_politics_in_the_European_Union_The_Secular_Canopy_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2015_Intro">Religion and politics in the European Union, The Secular Canopy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015. Intro</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56330956" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/DepartmentsCEVIPOL_Centre_d_%C3%A9tude_de_la_vie_politique">François Foret</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and politics in the European Union, The Secular Canopy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015. Intro","attachmentId":50191006,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29735114/Religion_and_politics_in_the_European_Union_The_Secular_Canopy_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2015_Intro","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29735114/Religion_and_politics_in_the_European_Union_The_Secular_Canopy_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2015_Intro"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="4338870" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4338870/Where_does_religion_meet_democracy_A_comparative_analysis_of_attitudes_in_Europe">Where does religion meet democracy? A comparative analysis of attitudes in Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132523" href="https://ubbcluj.academia.edu/nataliavlas">natalia vlas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Political Science Review, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Where does religion meet democracy? A comparative analysis of attitudes in Europe","attachmentId":49926901,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4338870/Where_does_religion_meet_democracy_A_comparative_analysis_of_attitudes_in_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4338870/Where_does_religion_meet_democracy_A_comparative_analysis_of_attitudes_in_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="29734955" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29734955/Religion_and_politics_in_the_European_Union_The_Secular_Canopy_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2015">Religion and politics in the European Union, The Secular Canopy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56330956" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/DepartmentsCEVIPOL_Centre_d_%C3%A9tude_de_la_vie_politique">François Foret</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and politics in the European Union, The Secular Canopy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015","attachmentId":50190857,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29734955/Religion_and_politics_in_the_European_Union_The_Secular_Canopy_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2015","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29734955/Religion_and_politics_in_the_European_Union_The_Secular_Canopy_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2015"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="35024922" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35024922/Democracy_religion_and_secularism_reflections_on_the_public_role_of_religion_in_a_modern_society">Democracy, religion and secularism: reflections on the public role of religion in a modern society</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="70775106" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%90%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2">Алексей Дебабов</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Democracy, religion and secularism: reflections on the public role of religion in a modern society","attachmentId":54887865,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35024922/Democracy_religion_and_secularism_reflections_on_the_public_role_of_religion_in_a_modern_society","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35024922/Democracy_religion_and_secularism_reflections_on_the_public_role_of_religion_in_a_modern_society"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="105092936" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105092936/Religion_and_Political_Mobilization">Religion and Political Mobilization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2729773" href="https://umd.academia.edu/JohannaBirnir">Johanna K Birnir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion and Political Mobilization","attachmentId":104641803,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105092936/Religion_and_Political_Mobilization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105092936/Religion_and_Political_Mobilization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="84755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Social_Welfare">Religion and Social Welfare</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>