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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-نوم_او_اصل" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#نوم_او_اصل"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>نوم او اصل</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-نوم_او_اصل-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تاریخ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تاریخ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>تاریخ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-تاریخ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle تاریخ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-تاریخ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-لرغونی" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#لرغونی"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲.۱</span> <span>لرغونی</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-لرغونی-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-د_منځنۍ_دورې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_منځنۍ_دورې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲.۲</span> <span>د منځنۍ دورې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_منځنۍ_دورې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-د_انګریزانو_یرغل" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_انګریزانو_یرغل"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲.۳</span> <span>د انګریزانو یرغل</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_انګریزانو_یرغل-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ژبه_او_ټولنیزه_درجه_بندي" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ژبه_او_ټولنیزه_درجه_بندي"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>ژبه او ټولنیزه درجه بندي</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ژبه_او_ټولنیزه_درجه_بندي-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-جغرافیایی_وېش" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#جغرافیایی_وېش"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۴</span> <span>جغرافیایی وېش</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-جغرافیایی_وېش-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ساینس" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ساینس"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۵</span> <span>ساینس</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ساینس-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۶</span> <span>حوالې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">بنګالي ملت</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۶۹ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۶۹ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengale_(volk)" title="Bengale (volk) – افریکانسي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bengale (volk)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریکانسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalins" title="Bengalins – اراگونېسي" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bengalins" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونېسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85)" title="بنغال (قوم) – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنغال (قوم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شعوب البنجال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعوب البنجال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বাঙালী জাতি – اسامي" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাঙালী জাতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="اسامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benqallar" title="Benqallar – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Benqallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بنقال‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بنقال‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Бенгальцы – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бенгальцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бенгалци – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бенгалци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বাঙালি জাতি – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাঙালি জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="བེང་ག་ལི་ཡི་མི། – تبتي" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བེང་ག་ལི་ཡི་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="تبتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Бенгалой – چيچني" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бенгалой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="چيچني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="خەڵکی بەنگال – منځنۍ کوردي" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەڵکی بەنگال" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="منځنۍ کوردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beng%C3%A1lci" title="Bengálci – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bengálci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalen_(Volk)" title="Bengalen (Volk) – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bengalen (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9_(%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="Μπενγκάλι (λαός) – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπενγκάλι (λαός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bengalis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaloj" title="Bengaloj – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bengaloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_bengal%C3%AD" title="Pueblo bengalí – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo bengalí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalid" title="Bengalid – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bengalid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalar" title="Bengalar – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bengalar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مردمان بنگالی – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردمان بنگالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalit" title="Bengalit – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bengalit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalis_(peuple)" title="Bengalis (peuple) – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bengalis (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beang%C3%A1laigh" title="Beangálaigh – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beangálaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_bengal%C3%AD" title="Pobo bengalí – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo bengalí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="बंगाली लोग – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बंगाली लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beng%C3%A1liak" title="Bengáliak – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bengáliak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բենգալացիներ – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բենգալացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Bengali" title="Suku Bengali – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Bengali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="ベンガル人 – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベンガル人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბენგალელები – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბენგალელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Bengali" title="Jolma Bengali – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Bengali" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бенгалдықтар – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бенгалдықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%B5%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%B8" title="벵골인 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벵골인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalai" title="Bengalai – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bengalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beng%C4%81%C4%BCi" title="Bengāļi – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bengāļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="बङ्गाली लोक – مایتھلي" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बङ्गाली लोक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="مایتھلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaly_(vahoaka)" title="Bengaly (vahoaka) – ملغاسي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bengaly (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملغاسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Banggalo" title="Urang Banggalo – مينيگاباو" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Banggalo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="مينيگاباو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бенгалци – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бенгалци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Бенгал үндэстэн – منګولیایی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бенгал үндэстэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منګولیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benggali" title="Benggali – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Benggali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="बङ्गाली जाति – نېپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बङ्गाली जाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نېپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalen_(volk)" title="Bengalen (volk) – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bengalen (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Бенгайлаг адæм – اوسيټک" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бенгайлаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="اوسيټک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ ਲੋਕ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalczycy" title="Bengalczycy – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bengalczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بنگالی لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنگالی لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bengalis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalezi" title="Bengalezi – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bengalezi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Бенгальцы – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бенгальцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ – سنتالي" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="سنتالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalci" title="Bengalci – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bengalci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bengalis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalci" title="Bengalci – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bengalci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%C3%ABt" title="Bengalët – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bengalët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бенгалци – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бенгалци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Benggala" title="Urang Benggala – سوډاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Urang Benggala" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوډاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வங்காளிகள் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வங்காளிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Банголиҳо – تاجکي" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Банголиҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ชาวเบงกอล – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวเบงกอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalliler" title="Bengalliler – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bengalliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96" title="Бенгальці – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенгальці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بنگالی – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنگالی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengallar" title="Bengallar – اوزبکي" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bengallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="اوزبکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Bengal" title="Người Bengal – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Bengal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%97%8F" title="孟加拉族 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="孟加拉族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%97%8F" title="孟加拉族 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孟加拉族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q402913#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=history" title="د دې مخ پخوانۍ بڼې [h]" accesskey="h"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزارونه" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=history"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:WhatLinksHere/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" title="د ويکي د ټولو هغو مخونو لړليک چې همدې مخ سره تړنې لري [j]" accesskey="j"><span>د دې مخ تړنې</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:RecentChangesLinked/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" rel="nofollow" title="له دې مخ سره د تړل شويو مخونو وروستي بدلونونه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>اړونده بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ps" title="دوتنې پورته کول [u]" accesskey="u"><span>انځور/رسنۍ پورته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Infobox_ethnic_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Infobox ethnic group (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Infobox ethnic group</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Infobox_ethnic_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Infobox ethnic group (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Infobox ethnic group</a> <b>بنګالي ملت</b> (بنګالي: বনগালি কুমাম)، چې د بنګالي ولس، بنګاليانو په نوم هم يادېږي، <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> د آريايي توکميزو ژبو يوه ډله ده چې د <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوېلي اسيا">جنوبي اسيا</a> د <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بنګال">بنګال</a> له سيمې سره تړاو لري. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="نوم_او_اصل"><span id=".D9.86.D9.88.D9.85_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D8.A7.D8.B5.D9.84"></span>نوم او اصل</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: نوم او اصل"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>بنګاليان هغه خلک دي چې د <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بنګال">بنګال</a> څخه ژبني، کلتوري یا پلارنی اصل لري. د دې توکمیز نوم <b>بنګالي</b> ، د ژبې او سیمې نوم <b>بنګلا</b> سره یوځای، دواړه د <b>بنګالا</b> څخه اخیستل شوی، چې د سیمې لپاره فارسي نوم و. د مسلمانانو تر پراخېدو مخکې، د بنګال په نامه کومه متحده سیمه نه وه، ځکه دغه سیمه په څو جیو پولیټیکل ویشل شوې وه. بنګ (په جنوب کې)، راد (په لویدیځ کې)، پندروردان او ورندرا (په شمال کې)، او سمت او هرکل (په ختیځ کې) ترټولو مهمې څانګې وې. په پخوانیو وختونو کې د دې سیمې خلک د دې ویشونو له مخې پیژندل شوي. </p><p>پخوانیو تاریخپوهانو بنګ هغه سړي ته موندلی چې په سیمه کې اوسیده، که څه هم هغه ډیری وختونه د افسانې په توګه پیژندل کیږي. دوی وړاندیز وکړ چې دا سیمه لومړی د Bing لخوا میشته شوې وه، چې هغه د حم لمسی و، چې هغه د نوح زوی و. <sup id="cite_ref-riaj_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riaj-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> د مغلو په کتاب عین اکبري کې د "ال" ضمیمه د دې حقیقت له امله ده چې د سیمې پخوانیو پاچاهانو د غونډۍ په لمنو کې د ځمکې څخه 10 فوټه پورته کړې. لوړ او 20 فوټ پراخ .. دا غونډۍ د "ټول" په نوم یادیږي. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په 1352 میلادي کال کې د شمس الدین الیاس په نوم یو مسلمان اشرف دا سیمه په یوه واحد سیاسي اداره کې یوځای کړه چې د بنګال د سلطنت په نوم پیژندل کیږي. هغه ځان ته شاه بنګالیان ویل. <sup id="cite_ref-Ahmed,_ABM_Shamsuddin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed,_ABM_Shamsuddin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> په دې دوره کې، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="بنګالي ژبه">بنګالي ژبې</a> هم دولتي سرپرستي ترلاسه کړه او ادبي پرمختګ یې تایید کړ. <sup id="cite_ref-banglalang_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banglalang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-jol_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jol-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> په دې توګه، الیاس شاه په اغیزمنه توګه د سیمې د اوسیدونکو ټولنیز - ژبني هویت د دولت، کلتور او ژبې له مخې رسمی کړ. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تاریخ"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AE"></span>تاریخ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: تاریخ"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="لرغونی"><span id=".D9.84.D8.B1.D8.BA.D9.88.D9.86.DB.8C"></span>لرغونی</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: لرغونی"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg/220px-Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg/330px-Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg/440px-Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1787" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption> د لرغوني یوناني جغرافیه پوه پوتلیمي لخوا په نقشه کې د <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بطلمیوس">ګنګهارډ</a> انځور.</figcaption></figure> <p>لرغونپوهانو د بنګال په سیمه کې د 4,000 کلن برونزو د دورې تمدن پاتې شوني موندلي دي، او دوی په دې باور دي چې موندنې په سیمه کې د جوړیدو لومړنۍ نښې دي. په هرصورت، د رنګاماټي او فیني ولسوالیو د تیږو د وسایلو او د لاسي زنګونو په بڼه د <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%89%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="د ډبرو لرغونې دوره">پیلیولیتیک</a> انساني استوګنې شواهد ترلاسه کړي دي. <sup id="cite_ref-bsahistory_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsahistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> اثار ښیې چې د واری باتشور تمدن چې په اوسني نرسنګدي کې وده کړې، د 2000 BC پورې تاریخ لري. د سیندونو څخه لرې نه، بندر ښار د لرغوني روم ، <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84_%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوېل ختيځه اسيا">سویل ختیځ آسیا</a> او نورو سیمو سره په بهرنۍ سوداګرۍ کې بوخت و. د دې تمدن خلک د خښتو په کورونو کې اوسېدل، په پراخو سړکونو ګرځېدل، د سپینو زرو سکې او د اوسپنې وسلې یې کارولې. دا په بنګال او ختیځ برصغیر کې ترټولو پخوانی ښار ګڼل کیږي. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>بنګال ته یو له لومړنیو بهرنیو حوالو څخه یو هیواد دی چې ګنګهارډ نومیږي چې یونانیانو په 100 BC کې یادونه کړې. دیوډورس سیکولس اعلان وکړ چې هیڅ بهرني دښمن د هاتیو د قوي ځواک له امله ګنګهارډ نه دی فتح کړی. هغه دا هم وویل چې لوی <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="مقدوني سکندر">سکندر</a> د هندیانو له ماتولو وروسته د ګنګا په لور پرمختګ وکړ، مګر کله چې هغه د ګنګهارد د 4,000 هاتیانو په اړه پوه شو نو د تقاعد پریکړه یې وکړه. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="د_منځنۍ_دورې"><span id=".D8.AF_.D9.85.D9.86.DA.81.D9.86.DB.8D_.D8.AF.D9.88.D8.B1.DB.90"></span>د منځنۍ دورې</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: د منځنۍ دورې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Pir_Gazi_and_his_tiger_in_Sundarbans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pir_Gazi_and_his_tiger_in_Sundarbans.jpg/250px-Pir_Gazi_and_his_tiger_in_Sundarbans.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pir_Gazi_and_his_tiger_in_Sundarbans.jpg/375px-Pir_Gazi_and_his_tiger_in_Sundarbans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pir_Gazi_and_his_tiger_in_Sundarbans.jpg/500px-Pir_Gazi_and_his_tiger_in_Sundarbans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4691" data-file-height="4994" /></a><figcaption> داسې انګېرل کیږي چې غازي پیر د یوولسمې او دولسمې پېړۍ تر منځ یو وخت په سندربن کې ژوند کاوه.</figcaption></figure> <p>د انسائیکلو پیډیا بریتانیکا په وینا، <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عربان">عربان</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ترکي خلک (ترکان)">ترکان</a> او پارسيان په اتمه پیړۍ کې بنګال ته ننوتل پیل کړل. په نهایت کې دا ټولې ډلې سره یوځای شوې چې اوس د بنګالیانو په نوم پېژندل کیږي. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> د دې وخت په جریان کې، بنګال د محلي پال امپراتورۍواکمنه وه چې د <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="عباسي خلافت">عباسي خلافت</a> سره یې سوداګري کوله. د بنګال او د <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%81" title="منځنی ختيځ">منځني ختیځ</a> د عربو تر منځ د دې مخ پر ودې سوداګرۍ په پایله کې، اسلام راڅرګند شو. یو عرب جغرافیه پوه المسعودي هلته د مسلمانانو یوه ټولنه ولیده. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د تجارت تر څنګ اسلام د اولیاوو د هجرت په واسطه معرفي شو. په 11 پیړۍ کې، سارخ الانتیا او د هغه شاګردان، په ځانګړې توګه شاه سلطان رومي، په نیتورکونا کې میشت شول، چیرته چې دوی سیمه ایز حاکمان او خلک د اسلام منلو ته اړ کړل. د زغم وړ بوداپال امپراتورۍ وروسته د سینا لخوا برید وشو چې د سویلي هند هندوان وو. سینا د محلي خلکو لږ ملاتړ درلود او د محمد بن بختیار خلجي (یو مسلمان جنرال) له خوا په اسانۍ سره مات شول. نو بنګال د راتلونکو څو پیړیو لپاره د مسلمانو شاهي کورنیو لخوا واکمن شو. له همدې امله د مسلمانانو راتګ هم زیات شو. د سلطان بلخي او شاه مخدوم روپاس په شان اولیاء د شمالي بنګال په اوسني <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="راج شاهي ولایت">راجشاهي څانګه</a> کې میشته دي. د برهان الدین په مشرۍ د 13 مسلمانو کورنیو یوه ټولنه هم په سلهت کې شتون درلود، د شمال ختیځ ښار چې د هندوانو تر واک لاندې دی. په 1303 میلادي کال کې، د شاه جلال په مشرۍ په سلګونو صوفیانو د شمالي بنګال له سلطان سره د سلهټ په فتح کولو کې مرسته وکړه، او دا ښار یې د مذهبي فعالیتونو لپاره د شیخ جلال مرکز جوړ کړ. شیخ جلال له فتحې وروسته د بنګال په مختلفو سیمو کې د خپلو شاګردانو په خپرولو سره اسلام خپور کړ. </p><p>په 1352 کې د شمس الدین الیاس شاه لخوا د بنګال د واحد متحد سلطنت تاسیس په پای کې د "بنګالي" ټولنیز ژبني هویت ته وده ورکړه. عثمان سراج الدین چې د اخي سراج بنګالي په نوم هم یادیږي، د شمالي بنګال د ګور اوسیدونکی و او د الیاس شاه د واکمنۍ پر مهال د بنګال امپراتورۍ د دربار عالم شو. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> دغه <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="اهل سنت او جماعت">سني</a> هیواد هم د پخوانیو پاچاهانو په پرتله د <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="بنګالي ژبه">مورنۍ ژبې</a> ملاتړ ته اجازه ورکړه او ملاتړ یې وکړ. جلال الدین محمد شاه ، چې یو هندو زیږیدلی مسلمان سلطان دی، په عربستان کې تر مکې او مدینې پورې د اسلامي مدرسو د جوړولو تمویل وکړ. عربانو دغه بنسټونه د <i>المدارس البنگالیه په نوم پیژندل</i> . <sup id="cite_ref-banglalang_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banglalang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-jol_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jol-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="د_انګریزانو_یرغل"><span id=".D8.AF_.D8.A7.D9.86.DA.AB.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.B2.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.88_.DB.8C.D8.B1.D8.BA.D9.84"></span>د انګریزانو یرغل</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=5" title="د سمولو برخه: د انګریزانو یرغل"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:The_Nawab%27s_artillery_at_Plassey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_Nawab%27s_artillery_at_Plassey.jpg/250px-The_Nawab%27s_artillery_at_Plassey.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_Nawab%27s_artillery_at_Plassey.jpg/375px-The_Nawab%27s_artillery_at_Plassey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_Nawab%27s_artillery_at_Plassey.jpg/500px-The_Nawab%27s_artillery_at_Plassey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption> په 1757 کې د پلاشي په جګړه کې د بنګالي توپخانې يو انځور.</figcaption></figure> <p>وروسته، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بنګال">بنګال</a> په خپلواکه توګه د نوابانو لخوا واکمن شو چې د مغل امپراتورۍ ته وفادار وو. د جګړې وروسته ، د <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%81_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8D" title="ختيځ هند کمپنۍ">برتانیا ختیځ هند شرکت</a> بنګال سره ضمیمه کړ، چې د ماشومانو د جګړې بنسټ جوړوي. په ټوله برصغیر کې د شرکت واکمني د لومړي بنګال صدارت لاندې پیل شوه. <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87" title="کلکته">کلکته</a> په ۱۷۷۲ کال کې د برتانوي امپراتورۍ پلازمېنه اعلان شوه. صدارت د نظامي - ملکي ادارې لخوا اداره کیده، او د نړۍ شپږم لومړنی ریل شبکه درلوده. د لوی بنګال قحطي د استعماري واکمنۍ پرمهال څو ځله پیښ شوي ، په ځانګړي توګه د لوی بنګال قحط (1770) او <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%90_%D8%AF_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B3%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A(%D9%82%D8%AD%D8%B7%D9%8A)" title="په بنګال کې د ۱۹۴۳ز کال وچکالي(قحطي)">د 1943 بنګال قحط چې</a> هر یو یې ملیونونه بنګاليان وژلي. </p><p>بنګال د برتانوي واکمنۍ لاندې بې صنعتي شو. د بنګالي خلکو له وضعیت څخه ناراضه، د څو پاڅونونو هڅه وکړه. د بنګال د خپلواکۍ جګړه په 1857 کې د <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87" title="کلکته">کلکتې</a> په څنډه کې پیل شوه او د نورو بغاوتونو سره د پیوستون لپاره <a href="/wiki/%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%87" title="ډاکه">ډهاکه</a> ، چټاګانګ او سلیټ ته خپره شوه. د بغاوت ناکامي مستقیم د برتانوي واکمنۍ لامل شوه. د آزادۍ د مبارزې ډیری مخکښان او وروسته مشران بنګاليان وو لکه دودو میان ، تیتو میر ، عبدالحمید خان بھاشاني ، حسین شهید سهروردي او فضل الحق . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ژبه_او_ټولنیزه_درجه_بندي"><span id=".DA.98.D8.A8.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D9.BC.D9.88.D9.84.D9.86.DB.8C.D8.B2.D9.87_.D8.AF.D8.B1.D8.AC.D9.87_.D8.A8.D9.86.D8.AF.D9.8A"></span>ژبه او ټولنیزه درجه بندي</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=6" title="د سمولو برخه: ژبه او ټولنیزه درجه بندي"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:P.R._Sarkar_Bengali_Dialects.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P.R._Sarkar_Bengali_Dialects.svg/220px-P.R._Sarkar_Bengali_Dialects.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P.R._Sarkar_Bengali_Dialects.svg/330px-P.R._Sarkar_Bengali_Dialects.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P.R._Sarkar_Bengali_Dialects.svg/440px-P.R._Sarkar_Bengali_Dialects.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption> سیمه يیزې ژبې د طبقه بندۍ یو له ټاکونکو څخه دی.</figcaption></figure> <p>د بنګالیانو یوه مهمه او یووالی ځانګړنه دا ده چې ډېری یې په بنګالي خبرې کوي، د دوی اړوند <a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="هندو آریایي ژبې">هند-اريايي ژبه</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-bari2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bari2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> په ټوله نړۍ کې د نږدې 226 مېلیون اصلي ویونکو او 300 مېلیون ټول ویونکو سره، بنګالي یو له خورا پراخه ویل کېدونکو ژبو څخه ده چې په نړۍ کې شپږم ځای لري. <sup id="cite_ref-popstat_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstat-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-huq_sarkar_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huq_sarkar-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> د دې ژبې مختلف ډولونه نن ورځ کارول کیږي او د بنګالي یووالي لپاره یو مهم ځواک چمتو کوي. دا بېلابېل ډولونه په دریوو کټګوریو وېشل کېدی شي: </p> <ol><li>کلاسیکی بنګالی (সাধু বাশাধাধাবাশা): یوه تاریخي بڼه ده چې د انګلیسي دورې تر پایه پورې د ادبي کارولو لپاره محدوده وه.</li> <li>عصري معیاري بنګالي (چلت بھاشا چلات بھاشا یا شده بھاشا شده بھاشا): د لوی نادیه د ویشل شوې سیمې د ژبو پر بنسټ یو عصري ادبي بڼه (اوس د لوی کشتیا او نادیه ترمنځ ویشل شوې). دا نن ورځ په لیکلو او رسمي وینا کې کارول کیږي. د بیلګې په توګه، چمتو شوي ویناوې او ځینې راډیوګانې.</li> <li>بنګالي (سیمه ییزه ژبه): د ټولو ویناوالو له مخې ترټولو لوی کټګوري. دا یوه غیر رسمي خبرې شوې ژبه ده چې د ژبې له مخې له سیمې څخه بلې سیمې ته توپیر لري.</li></ol> <p>بنګاليان په فرعي ګروپونو وېشل کېدی شي په ابتدايي توګه د ژبو پر بنسټ، مګر د کلتور د نورو اړخونو له مخې. </p> <ol><li><b>اهل بنګاليان</b> : یوه کلمه چې په <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مغربي بنگال">لویدیځ بنګال</a> کې په عمده توګه د ختیځ بنګالیانو لپاره کارول کیږي. په دې ډله کې اکثریت بنګالیان شامل دي. دوی د ډهاکه ، میمنسنګ ، کاملا او <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="باریسال ولایت">باریسال</a> ولسوالیو او همدارنګه په <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آسام">ښکته آسام</a> او <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="تريپوره">تریپوره</a> کې د بنګالي ژبو سیمو څخه راغلي دي. د بنګالیانو په منځ کې، داسې فرعي ډلې شتون لري چې د (ختیځ) بنګالي هویت سربیره جلا جلا شناخت لري. دوی د چټاګانګ ، سلیټ، نواکالي او پران ډاکا (زاړه ډهاکه) اصلي اوسېدونکي دي. د چټاګانګ د کاکس بازار خلک د <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ميانمار">میانمار</a> د راخین ایالت له روهینګیا سره نږدې تړاو لري.</li> <li><b>اهل ګوتي</b> : د لویدیځ بنګالیانو لپاره یوه جمله. د پورولیا (او لوی منبوم) اصلي اوسیدونکي د لویدیز لور ته د ژبو او فرعي کلتور له امله د عمومي غوټیس څخه یو څه توپیر لري.</li> <li><b>شمالي</b> خلک: په شمالي سیمه کې د ویرندري او رنګپوري ژبو ویونکي. دوی په <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آسام">ښکته آسام</a> کې هم موندل کیږي. د شیرشاه ابادي ټولنه <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بهار">بهار</a> ته غځیږي.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="جغرافیایی_وېش"><span id=".D8.AC.D8.BA.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.81.DB.8C.D8.A7.DB.8C.DB.8C_.D9.88.DB.90.D8.B4"></span>جغرافیایی وېش</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=7" title="د سمولو برخه: جغرافیایی وېش"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:I%27tisam-ud-Din.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/I%27tisam-ud-Din.png/220px-I%27tisam-ud-Din.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/I%27tisam-ud-Din.png/330px-I%27tisam-ud-Din.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/I%27tisam-ud-Din.png/440px-I%27tisam-ud-Din.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption> اعتصام الدین د <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%88%DA%86%D9%87" title="د هند نيمه لويه وچه">برصغیر</a> لومړنی لوستی و چې <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="اروپا">اروپا</a> ته یې سفر وکړ.</figcaption></figure> <p>د خپلو اصلي سیمو سربېره، د بنګالي نفوس ډېری برخه د <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88" title="اندامان او نیکوبار ټاپو">انډامان او نیکوبار ټاپوګانو</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="اروناچل پرديش">اروناچل پردېش</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%DA%89%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ډېلي">ډیلي</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%93%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%87" title="اوړېشه">اورشا</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3_%DA%AF%DA%93" title="چتيس گړ">چتیس</a> ګاه، <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%89" title="جارکنډ">جارکنډ</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميگالايا">میګالیا</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ميزورام">میزورم</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%90%DA%89" title="ناگالېډ">ناګستان</a> او <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%89" title="اتر کنډ">اتراکنډ</a> کې هم ژوند کوي، او همدارنګه د پام وړ نفوس په نمبر 1 کې دي. د <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نیپال">نیپال</a> ولایت سره. <sup id="cite_ref-langminor_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langminor-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> بنګاليان په <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکستان">پاکستان</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%81" title="منځنی ختيځ">منځني ختیځ</a> ، <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="مالیزیا هیواد">مالیزیا</a> او <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سنګاپور">سنګاپور</a> په سویل ختیځ آسیا کې، او په عمده توګه په انګلیس او <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اېټاليا">اېټالیا</a> کې ښه تاسیس شوي ټولنې لري. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسلام">اسلام</a> ته د بنګالي خلکو معرفي د <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%87" title="د عربستان ټاپووزمه">عربي ټاپووزمې</a> سره اړیکه جوړه کړې، ځکه چې مسلمانان باید په خپل ژوند کې یو ځل د <a href="/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج">حج</a> د برکت لپاره دې خاورې ته لاړ شي. څو بنګالي سلطانانو په حجاز کې د اسلامي مدرسو تمویل کاوه، چې عربانو ته د مدرسې البنګالیه په نوم پیژندل کیږي. دا معلومه نه ده چې بنګالیانو کله په عربو کې میشت کیدل پیل کړل، که څه هم لومړنۍ بیلګه یې د حاجي شریعت الله استاد مولانا مراد دی، چې د 1800 لسیزې په لومړیو کې د مکې په ښار کې د تل لپاره میشت شو. د بنګالي نژاد د پام وړ خلک <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> په <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%81" title="منځنی ختيځ">منځني ختیځ</a> کې ژوند کوي د <a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="قرآن کریم">قرآن کریم</a> ژباړن ظهور الحق چې په <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان">عمان</a> کې ژوند کوي، او همدارنګه د شهزادګۍ ثروت الحسن کورنۍ چې د شهزاده حسن بن طلال دی. د <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اردن">اردن</a> ښځه ده </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Brick_Lane_street_signs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brick_Lane_street_signs.JPG/220px-Brick_Lane_street_signs.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brick_Lane_street_signs.JPG/330px-Brick_Lane_street_signs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brick_Lane_street_signs.JPG/440px-Brick_Lane_street_signs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1886" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption> د بنګاليانو لوی شمېر په بنګله ټاون کې مېشته شوي او ځان یې تاسیس کړی.</figcaption></figure> <p>په <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="اروپا">اروپا</a> کې د بنګالیانو لومړني ریکارډونه د 16 پیړۍ په اوږدو کې د لوی انګلستان پاچا <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="دریم جورج">جورج III</a> د واکمنۍ پورې اړه لري. یو بنګالی دیپلومات چې عصام الدین نومیده په ۱۷۶۵ کې له خپل نوکر محمد مقیم سره له نادیه اروپا ته راغی. <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> نن ورځ، برتانوي بنګله دیشیان په انګلستان کې طبیعي ټولنه ده، چې په برصغیر کې د ټولو رستورانتونو 90٪ فعالیت کوي. او په ټول هیواد کې یې د بنګالي اکثریت سیمې جوړې کړې. تر ټولو مهم یې په ختیځ لندن کې بنګله ټاون دی. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ساینس"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.A7.DB.8C.D9.86.D8.B3"></span>ساینس</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=8" title="د سمولو برخه: ساینس"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>په عصري علومو کې د بنګالیانو ونډه په نړیواله کچه د پام وړ ده. قاضي عزیزالحق یو اختراع کونکی و چې د ګوتو د نښې طبقه بندي سیسټم تر شا د ریاضیاتي اساس رامینځته کولو اعتبار لري چې تر 1990 کلونو پورې د جرمي تحقیقاتو لپاره کارول کیده. عبدالستار خان په فضايي بیړیو، جټ انجنونو، ریل ګاډو انجنونو او صنعتي ګاز توربینونو کې د تجارتي استعمال لپاره له څلویښتو څخه ډیر مختلف مرکبات اختراع کړل. په 2006 کې، ابوالحسام د سونو آرسینیک فلټر اختراع کړ او وروسته یې د <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90_%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87" title="تلپاتې وده">دوام</a> لپاره د 2007 ګرینجر چیلنج جایزه ترلاسه کړه . <sup id="cite_ref-nationalacademies_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalacademies-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> بل بایو میډیکل ساینس پوه پرویز حارث د سټینفورډ پوهنتون لخوا په نړۍ کې د 1 ملیون ساینس پوهانو په سر کې ځای لري. <sup id="cite_ref-br24_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-br24-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالې"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.90"></span>حوالې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&section=9" title="د سمولو برخه: حوالې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2013/08/25/bangalees-and-indigenous-people-shake-hands-on-peace-prospects">https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2013/08/25/bangalees-and-indigenous-people-shake-hands-on-peace-prospects</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Funcategorized%2F2013%2F08%2F25%2Fbangalees-and-indigenous-people-shake-hands-on-peace-prospects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_news" title="کينډۍ:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|Publisher=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|Title=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riaj-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-riaj_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFغلام_حسین_سلیم1902" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="غلام حسین سلیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">غلام حسین سلیم</a> (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215055926/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=07601010&ct=11"><i>RIYAZU-S-SALĀTĪN: A History of Bengal</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کولکاتا (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کولکاتا</a>: The Asiatic Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=07601010&ct=11">the original</a> on 15 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RIYAZU-S-SAL%C4%80T%C4%AAN%3A+A+History+of+Bengal&rft.place=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7&rft.pub=The+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1902&rft.au=%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86+%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersian.packhum.org%2Fpersian%2Fpf%3Ffile%3D07601010%26ct%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFمحمد_قاسم_فرشتہ1768" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="محمد قاسم فرشتہ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">محمد قاسم فرشتہ</a> (1768). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dow (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Dow, Alexander</a> (ed.). <i>History of Hindostan</i>. pp. 7–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Hindostan&rft.pages=7-9&rft.date=1768&rft.au=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85+%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFTrautmann,_Thomas2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Trautmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Trautmann (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Trautmann, Thomas</a> (2005). <i>Aryans and British India</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoda_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoda Press (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Yoda Press</a>. p. 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aryans+and+British+India&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Yoda+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Trautmann%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Land of Two Rivers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitish_Sengupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitish Sengupta (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Nitish Sengupta</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed,_ABM_Shamsuddin-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed,_ABM_Shamsuddin_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-banglalang-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-banglalang_7-0">۷٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-banglalang_7-1">۷٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFEaton1993" class="citation book cs1">Eaton, Richard M. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofislambenga00eato"><i>The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760</i></a>. University of California. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-0-520-20507-9" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-0-520-20507-9 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-0-520-20507-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2017</span>. <q>What is more significant, a contemporary Chinese traveler reported that although Persian was understood by some in the court, the language in universal use there was Bengali... It also points to the survival, and now the triumph, of local Bengali culture at the highest level of official society.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Islam+and+the+Bengal+Frontier%2C+1204%E2%80%931760&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20507-9&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofislambenga00eato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jol-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jol_8-0">۸٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jol_8-1">۸٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/DUJL/article/view/3344">"Politics and Literary Activities in the Bengali Language during the Independent Sultanate of Bengal"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Politics+and+Literary+Activities+in+the+Bengali+Language+during+the+Independent+Sultanate+of+Bengal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.banglajol.info%2Findex.php%2FDUJL%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_journal" title="کينډۍ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ps" dir="rtl">Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "jol" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">مرشد غلام (2012). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bsahistory-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bsahistory_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1">. Bangladesh Student Association @ TTU <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051226045659/http://www.orgs.ttu.edu/saofbangladesh/history.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20051226045659/http://www.orgs.ttu.edu/saofbangladesh/history.htm</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgs.ttu.edu/saofbangladesh/history.htm">the original</a> on 26 December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bangladesh+Student+Association+%40+TTU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgs.ttu.edu%2Fsaofbangladesh%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930113403/http://belabo.narsingdi.gov.bd/site/page/74694ffe-41fb-429a-a941-ab3426892c3d/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF">"آرکائیو کاپی"</a>. <i>بیلبو ذیلی ضلع</i> (په بنګالي). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belabo.narsingdi.gov.bd/site/page/74694ffe-41fb-429a-a941-ab3426892c3d/উপজেলা%20পটভূমি">the original</a> on 2021-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2021-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9&rft.atitle=%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelabo.narsingdi.gov.bd%2Fsite%2Fpage%2F74694ffe-41fb-429a-a941-ab3426892c3d%2F%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%2520%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDiodoro_Sículo1940" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodoro_S%C3%ADculo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diodoro Sículo (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Diodoro Sículo</a> (1940). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loeb_Classical_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loeb Classical Library (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Loeb Classical Library</a>. Vol. II. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A_(%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="او سي اېل سي (پېژند) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/875854910">875854910</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/2B*.html">https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/2B*.html</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F875854910&rft.au=Diodoro+S%C3%ADculo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FDiodorus_Siculus%2F2B%2A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_book" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bengali">"Bengali"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enciclopedia Británica (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Enciclopedia Británica</a></i> (په انګليسي).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enciclopedia+Brit%C3%A1nica&rft.atitle=Bengali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBengali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFمسعودی,_trans._Barbier_de_Meynard_and_Pavet_de_Courteille1962" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مسعودی (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">مسعودی</a>, trans. Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille (1962). "1:155". In Pellat, Charles (ed.). <i>Les Prairies d'or [Murūj al-dhahab]</i> (په فرانسوي). Paris: Société asiatique.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1%3A155&rft.btitle=Les+Prairies+d%27or+%5BMur%C5%ABj+al-dhahab%5D&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+asiatique&rft.date=1962&rft.au=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%2C+trans.+Barbier+de+Meynard+and+Pavet+de+Courteille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREF'Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a>. <i>Akhbarul Akhyar</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akhbarul+Akhyar&rft.au=%27Abd+al-Haqq+al-Dehlawi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFحنیف2000" class="citation book cs1">حنیف (2000). <i>Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia</i>. پربھت کمار شارما. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Encyclopaedia+of+Sufis%3A+South+Asia&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%AA+%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7&rft.date=2000&rft.au=%D8%AD%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bari2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bari2_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFسارا_انجم_باری2019" class="citation news cs1">سارا انجم باری (12 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/longform/news/tale-two-languages-how-the-persian-language-seeped-bengali-1728421#:~:text=As%20Suniti%20Kumar%20Chatterjee%20explains,of%20the%20Indo%2DEuropean%20languages.">"A Tale of Two Languages: How the Persian language seeped into Bengali"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Daily Star (Bangladesh) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">The Daily Star (Bangladesh)</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+%28Bangladesh%29&rft.atitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Languages%3A+How+the+Persian+language+seeped+into+Bengali&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft.au=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fstar-weekend%2Flongform%2Fnews%2Ftale-two-languages-how-the-persian-language-seeped-bengali-1728421%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAs%2520Suniti%2520Kumar%2520Chatterjee%2520explains%2Cof%2520the%2520Indo%252DEuropean%2520languages.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popstat-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-popstat_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size">"Statistical Summaries"</a>. Ethnologue. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Summaries&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fethno_docs%2Fdistribution.asp%3Fby%3Dsize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huq_sarkar-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-huq_sarkar_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFحقسرکار" class="citation book cs1">حق, محمد دنیال; سرکار, پبتر. "Bangla Language". <i>Banglapedia: The National Encylopedia of Bangladesh</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bangla+Language&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+The+National+Encylopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.aulast=%D8%AD%D9%82&rft.aufirst=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84&rft.au=%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%2C+%D9%BE%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-langminor-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-langminor_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf">"50th REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>nclm.nic.in</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="وزارت اقلیتی امور، حکومت ہند (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">وزارت اقلیتی امور، حکومت ہند</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nclm.nic.in&rft.atitle=50th+REPORT+OF+THE+COMMISSIONER+FOR+LINGUISTIC+MINORITIES+IN+INDIA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnclm.nic.in%2Fshared%2Flinkimages%2FNCLM50thReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Muslim Society and Politics in Bengal, A.D. 1757–1947</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%88%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%81_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی</a>. 1978. p. ۷۶. <q>مولانا مراد ، بنگالی ڈومیسائل</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+Society+and+Politics+in+Bengal%2C+A.D.+1757%E2%80%931947&rft.pages=%DB%B7%DB%B6&rft.pub=%DA%88%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%81+%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C&rft.date=1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C.E. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography, Haskell House Publishers Ltd, ۱۹۶۸, p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nationalacademies-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nationalacademies_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academies (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">National Academies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=02012007">Press Release</a>, accessed 5 February 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-br24-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-br24_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britbangla24.com/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87/"><bdi lang="bn">বিশ্বের শীর্ষ বিজ্ঞানীদের তালিকায় প্রফেসর পারভেজ হারিস : আর্সেনিক নিয়ে গবেষণা সাড়া জাগিয়েছে</bdi></a>. <i>britbangla24</i> (په بنګالي). 23 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span 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