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P. Beekes – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert S. P. Beekes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Beekes" title="Robert Beekes – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Beekes" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Beekes" title="Robert Beekes – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Beekes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert S. P. Beekes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert S. P. Beekes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Robert S. P. Beekes" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Beekes" title="Robert Beekes – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Beekes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert S. P. 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Robert Beekes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><span class="selfreference noprint plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikiportret.nl/">Plaats uw zelfgemaakte foto hier</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Persoonlijke gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Volledige naam </th> <td colspan="2">Robert Stephen Paul Beekes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboortedatum </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2_september" title="2 september">2 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensdatum </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/21_september" title="21 september">21 september</a> <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oegstgeest" title="Oegstgeest">Oegstgeest</a>, <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nationaliteit </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nederlanders" title="Nederlanders">Nederlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Academische achtergrond </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Universiteit_Leiden" title="Universiteit Leiden">Universiteit Leiden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Wetenschappelijk werk </th></tr> <tr> <th>Vakgebied </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Taalkunde" title="Taalkunde">Taalkunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bekend van </th> <td colspan="2">Zijn uitwerking van het <a href="/wiki/Pre-Grieks" title="Pre-Grieks">pre-Grieks</a><br />Zijn bijdragen aan de <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen">indogermanistiek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bekende werken </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Vergelijkende taalwetenschap: een inleiding in de vergelijkende Indo-Europese taalwetenschap</i> (1990)<br /><i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i> (2009)<br /><i>Pre-Greek. Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon</i> (2014) </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.robertbeekes.nl/">Website</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Stephen Paul Beekes</b> (<a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_september" title="2 september">2 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> − <a href="/wiki/Oegstgeest" title="Oegstgeest">Oegstgeest</a>, <a href="/wiki/21_september" title="21 september">21 september</a> <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>) was <a href="/wiki/Hoogleraar" title="Hoogleraar">hoogleraar</a> Vergelijkende Indo-Europese taalwetenschap aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_Leiden" title="Universiteit Leiden">Universiteit Leiden</a> en schrijver van meerdere boeken over <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europees" title="Proto-Indo-Europees">Proto-Indo-Europees</a>, de gereconstrueerde voorouder van de <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen">Indo-Europese talen</a>. Dit is de veronderstelde stamtaal van de meeste talen van <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centraal-Azi%C3%AB" title="Centraal-Azië">Centraal-Azië</a> en <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (Inclusief de talen van <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>). Een van zijn bekendere werken is <i>Vergelijkende taalwetenschap: een inleiding in de vergelijkende Indo-europese taalwetenschap</i> (1990), vertaald in het Engels uitgebracht als <i>Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction</i> (1996), een standaard handboek over de Proto-Indo-Europese taal. Het behandelt de linguïstieke reconstructie uitvoerig, maar bevat ook een culturele reconstructie en een vergelijkende linguïstieke methodes in het algemeen. </p><p>Beekes publiceerde met <a href="/wiki/Etruscologie" title="Etruscologie">etruscoloog</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L._Bouke_van_der_Meer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. Bouke van der Meer (de pagina bestaat niet)">L. Bouke van der Meer</a> het boekje <i>De Etrusken spreken</i> (Muiderberg, 1991), dat een introductie tot de <a href="/wiki/Etruskisch" title="Etruskisch">Etruskische taal</a> biedt. In <i>The Origin of the Etruscans</i> (Amsterdam, 2003)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bepleit Beekes de Oosterse herkomst van de Etrusken (zie het hoofdartikel ‘<a href="/wiki/Etrusken" title="Etrusken">Etrusken</a>’ voor het herkomstvraagstuk). </p><p>Ook werkte Beekes aan <a href="/wiki/Pre-Grieks" title="Pre-Grieks">Pre-Grieks</a>, de niet-Indo-Europese taal die werd gesproken in <a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a> voordat het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a> daar kwam, vermoedelijk rond 2000 voor Christus. Omdat deze taal niet geschreven is, haalt Beekes zijn informatie uit <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgriekse</a> woorden die duidelijk een niet-Griekse structuur en ontwikkeling vertonen. </p><p>Zijn lexicografisch werk is eveneens belangrijk. Hij werkte als ‘toezichthouder’ mee aan de eerste twee delen van het <i><a href="/wiki/Etymologisch_woordenboek_van_het_Nederlands" title="Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands">Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands</a></i>, maar vooral publiceerde hij in 2009 als band 10 in de Leidense reeks van etymologische woordenboeken van het Indo-Europees bij <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Brill_NV" title="Koninklijke Brill NV">Brill</a> zijn tweedelig <i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i> (meer dan 1800 pagina’s). </p><p>Prof. dr. R.S.P. Beekes overleed in 2017, enkele weken na zijn 80e verjaardag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicaties_(selectie)"><span id="Publicaties_.28selectie.29"></span>Publicaties (selectie)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S.P._Beekes&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Publicaties (selectie)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S.P._Beekes&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Publicaties (selectie)"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Monografiën</b> </p> <ul><li><i>The Development of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Greek</i>, Den Haag/Parijs: Mouton, 1969.</li> <li><i>The Origins of the Indo-European Nominal Inflection</i>, Innsbruck: IBS, 1985.</li> <li><i>A Grammar of Gatha-Avestan</i>, Leiden: Brill, 1988.</li> <li><i>Vergelijkende taalwetenschap. Een inleiding in de vergelijkende Indo-europese taalwetenschap</i>, Amsterdam: Het Spectrum, 1990. <ul><li>Engelse vertaling: <i>Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction</i>, vertaald door UvA Vertalers en Paul Gabriner, Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1995.</li></ul></li> <li>met L. Bouke van der Meer, <i>De Etrusken spreken</i>, Muiderberg: Coutinho, 1991.</li> <li><i>The Origin of the Etruscans</i>, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 2003.</li> <li><i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i>, 2 dln. Leiden: Brill, 2009.</li> <li><i>Pre-Greek. Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon</i>, Leiden: Brill, 2014.</li></ul> <p><b>Redactie van verzamelwerken</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Rekonstruktion und relative Chronologie. Akten der VIII. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Leiden, 31. August - 4. September 1987</i>, onder redactie van Robert S.P. Beekes. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1992.</li></ul> <p><b>Artikelen en bijdragen</b> </p> <ul><li>‘<i>Mṓnukhes híppoi</i>’, <i>Orbis</i>, 20 (1971), p. 138-142.</li> <li>‘H<sub>2</sub>O’, <i>Die Sprache</i> 18 (1972), p. 11-31.</li> <li>‘The nominative of the hysterodynamic noun-inflection’, <i>Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung</i> 86 (1972), p. 30-63.</li> <li>‘The proterodynamic perfect’, <i>Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung</i> 87 (1973), p. 86-98.</li> <li>‘Two notes on PIE stems in dentals’, in: Helmut Rix (red.), <i>Historische Grammatik des Griechischen: Laut- und Formenlehre</i>, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1975, p. 9-14.</li> <li>‘Intervocalic laryngeal in Gatha-Avestan’, in: Yoël L. Arbeitman en Allan R. Bomhard (red.), <i>Bono Homini Donum: Essays in Historical Linguistics, in Memory of J. Alexander Kerns</i>, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1981, p. 47-64.</li> <li>‘The disyllabic reduplication of the Sanskrit intensives’, <i>Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft</i> 40 (1981), p. 19-25.</li> <li>‘The subjunctive endings of Indo-Iranian’, <i>Indo-Iranian Journal</i> 23 (1981), p. 21-27</li> <li>‘GAv. <i>må</i>, the PIE word for “moon, month”, and the perfect participle’, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Indo-European_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Indo-European Studies (de pagina bestaat niet)">Journal of Indo-European Studies</a></i> 10 (1982), p. 53-64.</li> <li>‘On laryngeals and pronouns’, <i>Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung</i> 96 (1983), p. 200-232.</li> <li>‘PIE “sun”’, <i>Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft</i> 43 (1984), p. 5-8.</li> <li>‘On Indo-European “wine”’, <i>Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft</i> 80 (1987), p. 21-6.</li> <li>‘The origin of the PIE pronominal inflection’, in: Mohammad Ali Jazayery en Werner Winter (red.), <i>A Festschrift in honour of E.C. Polomé</i>, New York: de Gruyter, 1987, p. 73-88.</li> <li>‘The word for “four” in PIE’, <i>Journal of Indo-European Studies</i> 15 (1987), p. 215-19.</li> <li>‘Laryngeal developments: A survey’, in: Alfred Bammesberger (red.), <i>Die Laryngaltheorie und die Rekonstruktion des indogermanischen Laut- und Formensystems</i>, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1988, p. 59-105.</li> <li>‘PIE <i>RHC</i>- in Greek and other languages’, <i>Indogermanische Forschungen</i> 93 (1988), p. 22-45.</li> <li>‘The genitive singular of the pronoun in Germanic and Indo-European’, <i>Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur</i> 110 (1988), p. 1-5.</li> <li>‘The nature of the PIE laryngeals’, in: Theo Vennemann (red.), <i>The New Sound of Indo-European: Essays in Phonological Reconstruction</i>, Berlijn/New York: de Gruyter, 1989, p. 23-33.</li> <li>‘Bloem en blad’, in: A. Moerdijk e.a. (red.), <i>100 jaar etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands</i>, Den Haag: SDU Uitgeverij, 1990, p. 375-382.</li> <li>‘De verwantschap van het Etruskisch’, <i>Lampas</i> 23 (1990), p. 5-18.</li> <li>‘The genitive in *-<i>osio</i>’, <i>Folia linguistica historica</i> 11 (1990), p. 21-6.</li> <li>‘The historical grammar of Greek’, in: Philip Baldi (red.), <i>Linguistic Change and Reconstruction Methodology</i>, Berlijn/New York: de Gruyter, 1990, p. 305-329.</li> <li>‘Wackernagel's explanation of the lengthened grade’, in: Heiner Eichner en Helmut Rix (red.), <i>Sprachwissenschaft und Philologie. Jakob Wackernagel und die Indogermanistik heute</i>, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, 1990, p. 33-53.</li> <li>‘Who were the laryngeals?’, in: Jens Rasmussen (red.), <i>In honorem Holger Pedersen: Kolloquium der indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 25. bis 28. März 1993 in Kopenhagen</i>, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, 1994, p. 449–454.</li> <li>‘Hades and Elysion’, in: Jay Jasanoff (red.), <i>Mír Curad. Studies in honor of Calvert Watkins</i>, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1998, p. 17-28.</li> <li>‘European substratum words in Greek’, in: Michaela Ofitsch en Christian Zinko (red.), <i>125 Jahre Indogermanistik in Graz</i>, Graz: Leykam, 2000, p. 21-31.</li> <li>‘Indo-European or substrate? φάτνη and κῆρυξ’, in: Alfred Bammesberger en Theo Vennemann (red.), <i>Languages in Prehistoric Europe</i>, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 2003, p. 109-116.</li> <li>‘Armenian <i>gišer</i> and the Indo-European word for “evening”’, in: Adam Hyllested e.a. (red.), <i>Per aspera ad asteriscos: Studia Indogermanica in honorem Iens Elmegård Rasmussen sexagenarii. Idibus Martiis anno MMIV</i>, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, 2004, p. 59-61.</li> <li>‘Palatalized consonants in Pre-Greek’, in: Alexander Lubotsky e.a. (red.), <i>Evidence and counter-evidence: essays in honour of Frederik Kortlandt</i>, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2008, p. 45-56.</li> <li>Samensteller met Alexander Lubotsky van de <i>Indo-European Etymological Dictionary</i> (IEED)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S.P._Beekes&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S.P._Beekes&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.robertbeekes.nl/">Robert S. P. Beekes Memorial website</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Integrale weergave: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knaw.nl/shared/resources/actueel/publicaties/pdf/20021051.pdf">The Origin of the Etruscans</a></i>, Amsterdam, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 2003.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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