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<span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Doctrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World War 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hitler Youth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1" title="شباب هتلر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شباب هتلر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler_G%C9%99ncliyi" title="Hitler Gəncliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hitler Gəncliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гітлерюгенд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гітлерюгенд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Хитлерюгенд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хитлерюгенд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joventuts_Hitlerianes" title="Joventuts Hitlerianes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joventuts Hitlerianes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabatan-onang_Hitler" title="Kabatan-onang Hitler – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kabatan-onang Hitler" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A7%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Νεολαία Χίτλερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεολαία Χίτλερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juventudes_Hitlerianas" title="Juventudes Hitlerianas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juventudes Hitlerianas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlera_Junularo" title="Hitlera Junularo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hitlera Junularo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitleriar_Gazteria" title="Hitleriar Gazteria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hitleriar Gazteria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جوانان هیتلری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوانان هیتلری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeunesses_hitl%C3%A9riennes" title="Jeunesses hitlériennes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeunesses hitlériennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler-Jongerein" title="Hitler-Jongerein – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hitler-Jongerein" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%ED%8B%80%EB%9F%AC_%EC%B2%AD%EC%86%8C%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8" title="히틀러 청소년단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히틀러 청소년단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Հիտլերյուգենդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիտլերյուգենդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler-yunaro" title="Hitler-yunaro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hitler-yunaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuda_Hitler" title="Pemuda Hitler – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemuda Hitler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juventute_Hitlerian" title="Juventute Hitlerian – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Juventute Hitlerian" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlers%C3%A6skan" title="Hitlersæskan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hitlersæskan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9_hitleriana" title="Gioventù hitleriana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gioventù hitleriana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99" title="הנוער ההיטלראי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנוער ההיטלראי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჰიტლერიუგენდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰიტლერიუგენდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гитлерюгенд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гитлерюгенд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iuventus_Hitleriana" title="Iuventus Hitleriana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iuventus Hitleriana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerj%C5%ABgends" title="Hitlerjūgends – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hitlerjūgends" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugendas" title="Hitlerjugendas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hitlerjugendas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovenia_Hitleriste" title="Jovenia Hitleriste – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jovenia Hitleriste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хитлерова младина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хитлерова младина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1" title="شباب هيتلر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شباب هيتلر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belia_Hitler" title="Belia Hitler – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Belia Hitler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocidade_Hitleriana" title="Mocidade Hitleriana – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mocidade Hitleriana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="ヒトラーユーゲント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒトラーユーゲント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juventude_Hitlerista" title="Juventude Hitlerista – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Juventude Hitlerista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гитлерюгенд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гитлерюгенд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinia_hitleriane" title="Rinia hitleriane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rinia hitleriane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hitler Youth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjeva_mladina" title="Hitlerjeva mladina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hitlerjeva mladina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Хитлерјугенд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хитлерјугенд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlerjugend" title="Hitlerjugend – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hitlerjugend" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ยุวชนฮิตเลอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุวชนฮิตเลอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler_Gen%C3%A7li%C4%9Fi" title="Hitler Gençliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hitler Gençliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%27%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гітлер'югенд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гітлер'югенд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90o%C3%A0n_Thanh_ni%C3%AAn_Hitler" title="Đoàn Thanh niên Hitler – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đoàn Thanh niên Hitler" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nazi Party youth wing (1926–1945)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> division named Hitlerjugend, see <a href="/wiki/12th_SS_Panzer_Division_Hitlerjugend" title="12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend">12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Hitler Youth</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="de">Hitlerjugend</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitlerjugend.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hitlerjugend.svg/62px-Hitlerjugend.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hitlerjugend.svg/93px-Hitlerjugend.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hitlerjugend.svg/124px-Hitlerjugend.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="554" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the Hitler Youth</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitlerjugend_Allgemeine_Flagge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hitlerjugend_Allgemeine_Flagge.svg/250px-Hitlerjugend_Allgemeine_Flagge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the Hitler Youth</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">HJ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">4 July 1926<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1926-07-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">10 October 1945<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1945-10-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Defunct</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch_section_86a" title="Strafgesetzbuch section 86a">illegal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaufhaus_Jonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaufhaus Jonas (page does not exist)">Kaufhaus Jonas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufhaus_Jona%C3%9F" class="extiw" title="de:Kaufhaus Jonaß">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data">8 million (1940)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer" title="Reichsjugendführer">Reichsjugendführer</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a> (longest serving)<br /><a href="/wiki/Artur_Axmann" title="Artur Axmann">Artur Axmann</a> (Last)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy leader</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsf%C3%BChrer" title="Stabsführer">Stabsführer</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Hitler Youth League of German Worker Youth</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hitler Youth</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Hitlerjugend</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈhɪtlɐˌjuːɡn̩t]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/23\/De-Hitlerjugend2.oga\/De-Hitlerjugend2.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Hitlerjugend2.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/De-Hitlerjugend2.oga/De-Hitlerjugend2.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Hitlerjugend2.oga" title="File:De-Hitlerjugend2.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span>, often abbreviated as <b>HJ</b>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[haːˈjɔt]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/40\/De-HJ2.ogg\/De-HJ2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-HJ2.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/De-HJ2.ogg/De-HJ2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-HJ2.ogg" title="File:De-HJ2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) was the <a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">youth wing</a> of the German <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend</i></span> ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. From 1936 until 1945, it was the sole official boys' youth organisation in Germany and it was partially a paramilitary organisation. It was composed of the Hitler Youth proper for male youths aged 14 to 18, and the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">German Youngsters in the Hitler Youth</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsches Jungvolk in der Hitler Jugend</i></span> or "DJ", also "DJV") for younger boys aged 10 to 14. </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">surrender of Nazi Germany</a> in 1945, the organisation <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> ceased to exist. On 10 October 1945, the Hitler Youth and its subordinate units were outlawed by the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council" title="Allied Control Council">Allied Control Council</a> along with other Nazi Party organisations. Under <a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch_section_86a" title="Strafgesetzbuch section 86a">Section 86</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch" title="Strafgesetzbuch">Criminal Code</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a>, the Hitler Youth is an "unconstitutional organisation" and the distribution or public use of its symbols, except for educational or research purposes, is illegal. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border: 4px double #dd0000; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.8em 0 1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parteiadler_Nationalsozialistische_Deutsche_Arbeiterpartei_(1933%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Parteiadler_Nationalsozialistische_Deutsche_Arbeiterpartei_%281933%E2%80%931945%29.svg/120px-Parteiadler_Nationalsozialistische_Deutsche_Arbeiterpartei_%281933%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Parteiadler_Nationalsozialistische_Deutsche_Arbeiterpartei_%281933%E2%80%931945%29.svg/250px-Parteiadler_Nationalsozialistische_Deutsche_Arbeiterpartei_%281933%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></i></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span> (SD)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span> (SA)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span> (SS) <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Adolf Hitler's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Socialism_and_communism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_morality" title="Nazi morality">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <p><b>Pre-<i>Machtergreifung</i></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul> <p><b>Post-<i>Machtergreifung</i></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Foundations_of_the_Nineteenth_Century" title="The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century">The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1903)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race" title="The Passing of the Great Race">The Passing of the Great Race</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1916)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Preussentum_und_Sozialismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Preussentum und Sozialismus">Preussentum und Sozialismus</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/25-point_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="25-point Program">25-point Program</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenkunde_des_deutschen_Volkes" title="Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes">Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_America_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="White America (book)">White America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michael_(novel)" title="Michael (novel)">Michael</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gel%C3%B6bnis_treuester_Gefolgschaft" title="Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft">Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ich_K%C3%A4mpfe" title="Ich Kämpfe">I Fight</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1942)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Religion</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Evangelical_Church" title="German Evangelical Church">German Evangelical Church</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">Deutsche Christen</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Faith_Movement" title="German Faith Movement">German Faith Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubig</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Religion in Nazi Germany">Religion <i>under</i> Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religious aspects of Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Religious views of Adolf Hitler">Religious views of Adolf Hitler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbolism" title="Nazi symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Outside of Germany</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a 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Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement<br />(United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement (Slovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Party ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Political views of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazism" title="Category:Nazism">Category</a></li> <li><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/17px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/26px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_sidebar" title="Template:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div> <p>In 1922, the <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (NDSAP) established its official <a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">youth wing</a>, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Jugendbund" title="Jugendbund">Jugendbund</a> der NSDAP</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200921_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepage200921-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced on 8 March 1922 in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></i></span>, and its inaugural meeting took place on 13 May the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMühlberger200430–32_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMühlberger200430–32-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another youth wing was established in 1922 as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Jungsturm Adolf Hitler</i></span>. Based in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, it served to train and recruit future members of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span> (SA), the main paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One reason the Hitler Youth (HJ) developed easily was that regimented organisations, often focused on politics, for young people and particularly adolescent boys were a familiar concept to German society in the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/German_Youth_Movement" title="German Youth Movement">German Youth Movement</a> led to numerous youth movements being founded across Germany prior to and especially after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. They were created for various purposes. Some were religious and others were ideological, but the more prominent ones were formed for political reasons, like the Young Conservatives and the Young Protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199640_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199640-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once Hitler came onto the revolutionary scene, the transition from seemingly innocuous youth movements to political entities focused on Hitler was swift.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199640–41_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199640–41-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the abortive <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a> (in November 1923), all NDSAP youth wings were ostensibly disbanded, but many elements simply went underground, operating clandestinely in small units under assumed names. In April 1924, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Jugendbund der NSDAP</i></span> was renamed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung</i></span> (Greater German Youth Movement).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200921_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepage200921-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 July 1926, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung</i></span> was officially renamed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitler Jugend Bund der deutschen Arbeiterjugend</i></span> (Hitler Youth League of German Worker Youth). This event took place a year after the Nazi Party was reorganised. The architect of the re-organisation was <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Gruber" title="Kurt Gruber">Kurt Gruber</a>, a law student from <a href="/wiki/Plauen" title="Plauen">Plauen</a> in Saxony.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200921–23_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepage200921–23-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a short power struggle with a rival organisation—<a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ro%C3%9Fbach" title="Gerhard Roßbach">Gerhard Roßbach</a>'s <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schilljugend</i></span>—Gruber prevailed and his "Greater German Youth Movement" became the Nazi Party's official youth wing. In July 1926, it was renamed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend</i></span> ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth"). The name <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitler-Jugend</i></span> was taken up on the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Severus_Ziegler" title="Hans Severus Ziegler">Hans Severus Ziegler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlee2005694_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlee2005694-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1930, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitlerjugend</i></span> (HJ) had enlisted over 25,000 boys aged 14 and upward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStachura1975114–115_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura1975114–115-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also set up a junior branch, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i></span> (DJ), for boys aged 10 to 14. Girls from 10 to 18 were given their own parallel organisation, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a> (BDM).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_434_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_434-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater200416_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater200416-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 October 1931, the HJ officially became part of the SA through a decree issue by Hitler, under the notional command of <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199678–79_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199678–79-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2></div> <p>In 1923, the youth wing of the Nazi Party had a little over 1,200 members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989266_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989266-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, when the Nazi Party was refounded, the membership grew to over 5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989266_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989266-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five years later, national membership stood at 26,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989266_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989266-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1932, it was at 107,956.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199689_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199689-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1932, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Br%C3%BCning" title="Heinrich Brüning">Heinrich Brüning</a> banned the Hitler Youth movement in an attempt to stop widespread political violence. However, in June, Brüning's successor as Chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a>, lifted the ban as a way of appeasing Hitler, the rapidly ascending political star. A further significant expansion drive started in 1933, after <a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a> was appointed by Hitler as the first <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer" title="Reichsjugendführer">Reichsjugendführer</a></i></span> (Reich Youth Leader).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_835_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_835-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All youth wings were brought under Schirach's control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater200448–59_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater200448–59-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the Hitler Youth's membership increased dramatically to 2,300,000 members by the end of that year. Much of this increase came from the forcible takeover of other youth organisations. The sizeable <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Evangelische Jugend</i></span> (Evangelical Youth), a Lutheran youth organisation of 600,000 members, was integrated on 18 February 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriepke1960187–189_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriepke1960187–189-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1936, a law declared the Hitler Youth to be the only legally permitted youth organisation in Germany, and stated that "all of the German youth in the Reich is organised within the Hitler Youth".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1990253_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1990253-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0510,_Berlin,_Lustgarten,_Kundgebung_der_HJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0510%2C_Berlin%2C_Lustgarten%2C_Kundgebung_der_HJ.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0510%2C_Berlin%2C_Lustgarten%2C_Kundgebung_der_HJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0510%2C_Berlin%2C_Lustgarten%2C_Kundgebung_der_HJ.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0510%2C_Berlin%2C_Lustgarten%2C_Kundgebung_der_HJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0510%2C_Berlin%2C_Lustgarten%2C_Kundgebung_der_HJ.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0510%2C_Berlin%2C_Lustgarten%2C_Kundgebung_der_HJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Hitler Youth members give the Nazi salute at a rally at the <a href="/wiki/Lustgarten" title="Lustgarten">Lustgarten</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, 1933.</figcaption></figure> <p>By December 1936, Hitler Youth membership had reached over five million.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989268_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989268-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same month, membership became mandatory for <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryans</a> under the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gesetz über die Hitlerjugend</i></span> (Hitler Youth Law).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStachura1998478_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura1998478-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This legal obligation was reaffirmed in March 1939 with the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Jugenddienstpflicht</i></span> (Youth Service Duty), which conscripted all German youths into the Hitler Youth—even if the parents objected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller194387–89_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller194387–89-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parents who refused to allow their children to join were subject to investigation by the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum200735_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum200735-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then on, the vast majority of Germany's teenagers belonged to the Hitler Youth. By 1940, it had eight million members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStachura1998479_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura1998479-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even before membership was made mandatory in 1939, German youth faced strong pressure to join. Students who held out were frequently assigned essays with titles such as "Why am I not in the Hitler Youth?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006272_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006272-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also the subject of frequent taunts from teachers and fellow students, and could even be refused their <a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">diploma</a>—which made it impossible to be admitted to university.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006272_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006272-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of employers refused to offer apprenticeships to anyone who was not a member of the Hitler Youth. By 1936, the Hitler Youth had a monopoly on all youth sports facilities in Germany, effectively locking out non-members. Hitler spoke of the regime's ability to make Nazis out of these German youth, exclaiming in 1938: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These boys and girls enter our organizations with their ten years of age, and often for the first time get a little fresh air; after four years of the Young Folk they go on to the Hitler Youth, where we have them for another four years...And even if they are still not complete National Socialists, they go to Labor Service and are smoothed out there for another six, seven months...And whatever class consciousness or social status might still be left...the Wehrmacht will take care of that.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFritzsche200998–99_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFritzsche200998–99-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Over time, a number of boys dropped out due to the regimented nature of the organization. Some of these boys later rejoined after they learned that they could not get a job or enter university without being a member.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFulbrook2011140–142_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFulbrook2011140–142-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were a few members of the Hitler Youth who privately disagreed with Nazi ideologies. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Scholl" title="Hans Scholl">Hans Scholl</a>—the brother of <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Scholl" title="Sophie Scholl">Sophie Scholl</a> and one of the leading figures of the anti-Nazi resistance movement <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Weiße Rose</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/White_Rose" title="White Rose">White Rose</a>)—was also a member of the Hitler Youth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004122–123_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004122–123-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite rare instances of disaffection, overall, the Hitler Youth constituted the single most successful of all the mass movements in the Third Reich.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamson200255_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamson200255-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:343px;max-width:343px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-5592-14A,_Gruppe_von_HJ-Jungen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-5592-14A%2C_Gruppe_von_HJ-Jungen.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-5592-14A%2C_Gruppe_von_HJ-Jungen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-5592-14A%2C_Gruppe_von_HJ-Jungen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-5592-14A%2C_Gruppe_von_HJ-Jungen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-5592-14A%2C_Gruppe_von_HJ-Jungen.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-5592-14A%2C_Gruppe_von_HJ-Jungen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Members of the Hitler Youth chosen by the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Racial_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP Office of Racial Policy">NSDAP Office of Racial Policy</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ_Uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/HJ_Uniform.jpg/250px-HJ_Uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/HJ_Uniform.jpg/330px-HJ_Uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="2281" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Uniform from the 1930s</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Hitler Youth was organised into corps under adult leaders, and the general membership of the HJ consisted of boys aged 14 to 18.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_434_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_434-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hitler Youth was organised into local cells on a community level. Such cells had weekly meetings at which various <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi doctrines</a> were taught by adult leaders. Regional leaders typically organised rallies and field exercises in which several dozen Hitler Youth cells would participate. The largest gathering usually took place annually at <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, where members from all over Germany would converge for the annual Nazi Party rally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199663,_68,_72,_105_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199663,_68,_72,_105-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the HJ and BDM were considered fully Aryan organizations by Nazi officials, premarital sex was encouraged in their ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMühlhäuser2014170_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMühlhäuser2014170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not conform to the general beliefs of the Nazi Party, which viewed premarital sex as undesirable and a potential public health hazard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECocks2007_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECocks2007-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hitler Youth maintained training academies comparable to preparatory schools, which were designed to nurture future Nazi Party leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009155_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009155-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hitler Youth also maintained several corps designed to develop future officers for the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> (Armed Forces). The corps offered specialised foundational training for each of the specific arms for which the member was ultimately destined. The Marine Hitler Youth (Marine-HJ), for example, served as an auxiliary to the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009155_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009155-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another branch of the Hitler Youth was the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsche Arbeiter Jugend – HJ</i></span> (German Worker Youth – HY). This organisation within the Hitler Youth was a training ground for future labour leaders and technicians. Its symbol was a rising sun with a swastika.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittlejohn198855_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn198855-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A program entitled <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landjahr Lager</i></span> (Country Service Camp) was designed to teach specifically chosen girls of the BDM high moral character standards within a rural educational setting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1990254–255_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1990254–255-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hitler Youth had a number of monthly and weekly publications: among them were the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitler-Jugend-Zeitung</i></span> (Hitler Youth Newspaper), the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sturmjugend</i></span> (Storm Youth), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Junge Front</i></span> (Young Front), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutschen Jugendnachrichten</i></span> (News for German Youth), and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wille und Macht</i></span> (Will and Power).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200978_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepage200978-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other publications included <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das Junge Deutschland</i></span> (Young Germany), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das deutsche Mädel</i></span> (a paper for girls in the BdM), and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Junge Dorfgemeinschaft</i></span> (Young Villager).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200978–79_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepage200978–79-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-049297,_HJ_in_China,_Lager_Ostern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-049297%2C_HJ_in_China%2C_Lager_Ostern.jpg/275px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-049297%2C_HJ_in_China%2C_Lager_Ostern.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-049297%2C_HJ_in_China%2C_Lager_Ostern.jpg/413px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-049297%2C_HJ_in_China%2C_Lager_Ostern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-049297%2C_HJ_in_China%2C_Lager_Ostern.jpg/550px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-049297%2C_HJ_in_China%2C_Lager_Ostern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Hitlerjugend camp in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">China</a> in 1935, with permission of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Government of the Republic of China</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doctrine">Doctrine</h2></div><p> The members of the Hitler Youth were viewed as ensuring the future of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and they were indoctrinated in Nazi ideology, including racism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991432–435_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991432–435-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boys were indoctrinated with the myths of Aryan racial superiority and to view Jews and <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> as subhumans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennecke1937_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennecke1937-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStellrecht1938_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStellrecht1938-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004170_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004170-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members were taught to associate state-identified enemies such as Jews with Germany's previous defeat in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and societal decline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater200462–69_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater200462–69-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hitler Youth were used to break up church youth groups, spy on religious classes and Bible studies,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonney2009139_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonney2009139-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and interfere with church attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch1996220_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch1996220-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989102_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989102-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Education and training programs for the Hitler Youth were designed to undermine the values of traditional structures of German society. Their training also aimed to remove social and intellectual distinctions between classes, to be replaced and dominated by the political goals of Hitler's totalitarian dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198445_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198445-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sacrifice for the Nazi cause was instilled into their training. As historian Richard Evans observes, "The songs they sang were Nazi songs. The books they read were Nazi books."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006274_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006274-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Hitler Youth Franz Jagemann said that the notion "Germany must live" even if the members of the HJ had to die, was "hammered" into them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERees2012135_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERees2012135-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-013-27,_Hitlerjugend,_vormilit%C3%A4rische_Ausbildung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-013-27%2C_Hitlerjugend%2C_vormilit%C3%A4rische_Ausbildung.jpg/190px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-013-27%2C_Hitlerjugend%2C_vormilit%C3%A4rische_Ausbildung.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-013-27%2C_Hitlerjugend%2C_vormilit%C3%A4rische_Ausbildung.jpg/285px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-013-27%2C_Hitlerjugend%2C_vormilit%C3%A4rische_Ausbildung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-013-27%2C_Hitlerjugend%2C_vormilit%C3%A4rische_Ausbildung.jpg/380px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-013-27%2C_Hitlerjugend%2C_vormilit%C3%A4rische_Ausbildung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Hitler Youth at rifle practice, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1943</span></figcaption></figure><p> The Hitler Youth appropriated many of the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Scouting" title="Scouting">Boy Scout movement</a> (which was banned in 1935), including camping and hiking. However, over time it changed in content and intention. For example, many activities closely resembled military training, with weapons familiarization, assault course circuits, and basic fighting tactics. The aim was to turn the HJ into motivated soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991434–435_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991434–435-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was greater emphasis on physical ability and military training than on academic study.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991434–435_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991434–435-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006273_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006273-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than just a way to keep the German nation healthy, sports became a means of indoctrinating and training its youth for combat; this was in keeping with tenets outlined in Hitler's notorious work, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mein Kampf</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater200430_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater200430-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1936 edition of <i>Foreign Affairs,</i> an article discussing the appropriation of sports by contemporary dictatorial regimes such as Nazi Germany, commented that:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The dictators have discovered sport. This was inevitable. Middle-aged and older persons have their roots in the ground, have affiliations with former régimes. The hope of the dictators, therefore, was to win over youth to the new conception of life, the new system. They found that they could best succeed through sport. From being a simple source of amusement and recreation, it became a means to an end, a weapon in the hands of the All Highest. It became nationalistic. The ideal of sport for sport's sake became an object of ridicule. The real preoccupation of those who directed athletics became the mass production of <a href="/wiki/Cannon_fodder" title="Cannon fodder">cannon fodder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETunis1936_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETunis1936-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> By 1937, there was a HJ rifle school established, partially at the behest of General <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>, who toured HJ meetings and lectured on "German soldiering", all the while he pressured Schirach to turn the HJ into a "junior army".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989180_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989180-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1938, some 1.5 million HJ members were trained to shoot rifles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch1996114_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch1996114-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in early 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">OKW</a> began supervising HJ shooting activities and military field exercises.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch1996114_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch1996114-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upwards of 51,500 boys had earned their HJ Marksmanship Medal before the year's end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989181_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989181-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G0627-500-001,_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G0627-500-001%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G0627-500-001%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G0627-500-001%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G0627-500-001%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G0627-500-001%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G0627-500-001%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>16-year-old Willi Hübner being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> in March 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 August 1939, a fortnight before the beginning of World War II, Schirach agreed with General <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keitel" title="Wilhelm Keitel">Wilhelm Keitel</a> that the entire Hitler Youth leadership must have "defence training".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 1 May 1940, <a href="/wiki/Artur_Axmann" title="Artur Axmann">Artur Axmann</a> was appointed deputy to Schirach, whom he succeeded as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsjugendführer</i></span> of the Hitler Youth on 8 August 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Axmann began to reform the group into an auxiliary force which could perform war duties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984205–206_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984205–206-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hitler Youth became active in German fire brigades and assisted with recovery efforts to German cities affected by Allied <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">bombing</a>. The Hitler Youth also assisted in such organisations as the Reich postal service, the Reich <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichsbahn" title="Deutsche Reichsbahn">railway services</a>, and other government offices;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel198968_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel198968-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> members of the HJ also aided the army and served with <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft">anti-aircraft</a> defence crews.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDearFoot1995425_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot1995425-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942 Hitler decreed the establishment of "Hitler Youth defence training camps", led by Wehrmacht officers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Nazi leaders began turning the Hitler Youth into a military reserve to replace manpower which had been depleted due to tremendous military losses. The idea for a <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> division made up of Hitler Youth members was first proposed by Axmann to <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> in early 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013295_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013295-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan for a combat division made up of Hitler Youth members born in 1926 was passed on to Hitler for his approval. Hitler approved the plan in February and <a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Berger" title="Gottlob Berger">Gottlob Berger</a> was tasked with recruiting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013295_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013295-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Witt" title="Fritz Witt">Fritz Witt</a> of <a href="/wiki/SS_Division_Leibstandarte" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Division Leibstandarte">SS Division Leibstandarte</a> (LSSAH) was appointed divisional commander.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984205_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984205-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, the <a href="/wiki/12th_SS_Panzer_Division_Hitlerjugend" title="12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend">12th SS-Panzer-Division <i>Hitlerjugend</i></a> was deployed during the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">Battle of Normandy</a> against the British and Canadian forces to the north of <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>. Over 20,000 German youths participated in the attempt to repulse the D-Day invasion;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartoletti2005133_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartoletti2005133-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while they knocked out 28 Canadian tanks during their first effort, they ultimately lost 3,000 lives before the Normandy assault was complete.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004214_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004214-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the following months, the division earned a reputation for ferocity and fanaticism. When Witt was killed by Allied naval gunfire, SS-<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Brigadeführer</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Meyer_(Panzermeyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Meyer (Panzermeyer)">Kurt Meyer</a> assumed command and became the divisional commander at age 33.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForty200429_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForty200429-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As German casualties escalated with the combination of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Operation Bagration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lvov-Sandomierz_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov-Sandomierz Operation">Lvov-Sandomierz Operation</a> in the east, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a> in the west, members of the Hitlerjugend were <a href="/wiki/Military_use_of_children_in_World_War_II" title="Military use of children in World War II">recruited at ever younger ages</a>. By 1945, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a></i></span> was commonly drafting 12-year-old Hitler Youth members into its ranks. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a>, Axmann's Hitler Youth formed a major part of the last line of German defence, and they were reportedly among the fiercest fighters. Although the city commander, General <a href="/wiki/Helmuth_Weidling" title="Helmuth Weidling">Helmuth Weidling</a>, ordered Axmann to disband the Hitler Youth combat formations, in the confusion this order was never carried out. The remnants of the youth brigade took heavy casualties from the advancing Russian forces. Only two survived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1986172_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1986172-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, there were various incidents of Hitler Youth members shooting prisoners, participating in executions, and committing other wartime atrocities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlatman2011121–122,_219,_228_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlatman2011121–122,_219,_228-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStargardt2015516–517_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStargardt2015516–517-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth_generation" title="Hitler Youth generation">Hitler Youth generation</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/330px-Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/500px-Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/960px-Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="2274" /></a><figcaption>Baldur von Schirach (in second row, second from right) at the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a> seated with other high-ranking Nazis</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hitler Youth was disbanded by Allied authorities as part of the <a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">denazification</a> process. Some Hitler Youth members were suspected of war crimes but, because they were children, no serious efforts were made to prosecute these claims. While the Hitler Youth was never declared a <a href="/wiki/Criminal_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal organisation">criminal organisation</a>, its adult leadership was considered tainted for corrupting the minds of young Germans. Many adult leaders of the Hitler Youth were put on trial by Allied authorities, and Baldur von Schirach was sentenced to 20 years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989250–251_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989250–251-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he was convicted of crimes against humanity for his actions as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gauleiter</i></span> of Vienna, not for his leadership of the Hitler Youth, because <a href="/wiki/Artur_Axmann#Trials" title="Artur Axmann">Artur Axmann</a> had been serving as the functioning leader of the Hitler Youth from 1940 onward. Axmann only received a 39-month prison sentence in May 1949, but he was not found guilty of war crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984248_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984248-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in 1958, a <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> court fined Axman 35,000 <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">marks</a> (approximately <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>3,000, or US$8,300), about half the value of his property in Berlin. The court found him guilty of indoctrinating German youth with National Socialism until the end of the war, but concluded that he was not guilty of war crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984248_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984248-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German children born in the 1920s and 1930s became adults during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> years. Since membership was compulsory after 1936, it was neither surprising nor uncommon that many senior leaders of both <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> had been members of the Hitler Youth. Little effort was made to <a href="/wiki/Blacklist" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacklist">blacklist</a> political figures who had been members, since many had little choice in the matter. These German post-war leaders were nonetheless once part of an important institutional element of Nazi Germany. Historian Gerhard Rempel opined that Nazi Germany itself was impossible to conceive without the Hitler Youth, as their members constituted the "social, political, and military resiliency of the Third Reich" and were part of "the incubator that maintained the political system by replenishing the ranks of the dominant party and preventing the growth of mass opposition."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel19892_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel19892-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rempel also reports that a large percentage of the boys who served in the HJ slowly came to the realization that "they had worked and slaved for a criminal cause", which they carried for a lifetime. Some of them recalled a "loss of freedom" and claimed that their time in the HJ "had robbed them of a normal childhood."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989252_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989252-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Michael Kater relates how many who once served in the HJ were silent until older age when they became grandparents. While they were eventually able to look back at their place in "a dictatorship which oppressed, maimed, and killed millions", he maintains that an honest appraisal should lead them to conclude that their past contributions to the regime had "damaged their own souls."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004265_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004265-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once Nazi Germany was defeated by the Allied Powers, the Hitler Youth—like all NSDAP organisations—was officially abolished by the Allied Control Council on 10 October 1945<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECogen2012226_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECogen2012226-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later banned by the German Criminal Code.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks_and_uniforms">Ranks and uniforms</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth_Badge" title="Hitler Youth Badge">Hitler Youth Badge</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitlerjugend_Stahlhelm_decals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hitlerjugend_Stahlhelm_decals.svg/150px-Hitlerjugend_Stahlhelm_decals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hitlerjugend_Stahlhelm_decals.svg/225px-Hitlerjugend_Stahlhelm_decals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hitlerjugend_Stahlhelm_decals.svg/300px-Hitlerjugend_Stahlhelm_decals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Decals of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitlerjugend</i></span> used on various helmets</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsjugendführer</i></span> (Reich Youth Leader) was the highest rank of the Hitler Youth and was held by the Nazi Party official in command of the entire organization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200915_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200915-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rank of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsjugendführer</i></span> was only held by two people during its existence, first by Baldur von Schirach and later by Artur Axmann.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247,_334_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247,_334-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members' summer uniform consisted of black shorts and a tan shirt with pockets, worn with a rolled black <a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">neckerchief</a> secured with a <a href="/wiki/Woggle" title="Woggle">woggle</a>, usually tucked under the collar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens197343_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens197343-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Headgear originally consisted of a <a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">beret</a>, but this was discarded by the HJ in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens19738_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens19738-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One flag/symbol used by the HJ was the same as the DJ, a white <i><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō">Sowilo</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">rune</a> on a black background, which symbolised "victory".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens197373_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens197373-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another flag used was a red–white–red striped flag with a black swastika in the middle, inside a white shaped diamond. Full members would also receive a knife upon enrollment, with the motto "Blut und Ehre" (Blood and Honour) engraved upon it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson201274_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201274-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>HJ Rank<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA199921_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA199921-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>HJ insignia<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936Table_20_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936Table_20-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Translation </th> <th>Heer equivalent </th> <th>British equivalent<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA199921_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA199921-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th colspan="5"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsjugendführer</i></span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer" title="Reichsjugendführer">Reichsjugendführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HJ-Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer.svg/40px-HJ-Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HJ-Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer.svg/60px-HJ-Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HJ-Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer.svg/80px-HJ-Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="377" /></a></span> </td> <td>National Youth Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalfeldmarschall" title="Generalfeldmarschall">Generalfeldmarschall</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal (United Kingdom)">Field Marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th colspan="5"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Höheres Führerkorps</i></span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsf%C3%BChrer" title="Stabsführer">Stabsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Stabsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HJ-Stabsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/120px-HJ-Stabsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HJ-Stabsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/250px-HJ-Stabsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Staff Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obergebietsführer (page does not exist)">Obergebietsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/HJ-Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/HJ-Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/HJ-Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Obergebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senior Area Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_branch" title="General of the branch">General der Waffengattung</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant General</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebietsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebietsführer (page does not exist)">Gebietsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Gebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HJ-Gebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Gebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HJ-Gebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Gebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HJ-Gebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Gebietsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Area Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalleutnant" title="Generalleutnant">Generalleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_General_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General (United Kingdom)">Major General</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hauptbannführer (page does not exist)">Hauptbannführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/HJ-Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/HJ-Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/HJ-Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Hauptbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Head Banner Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalmajor" title="Generalmajor">Generalmajor</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brigadier</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th colspan="5"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Führerkorps</i></span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberbannf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oberbannführer (page does not exist)">Oberbannführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Oberbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HJ-Oberbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/120px-HJ-Oberbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HJ-Oberbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/250px-HJ-Oberbannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senior Banner Leader </td> <td><b>None</b> </td> <td><b>None</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannführer (page does not exist)">Bannführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Bannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HJ-Bannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/120px-HJ-Bannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HJ-Bannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/250px-HJ-Bannf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Banner Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberst" title="Oberst">Oberst</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberstammf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oberstammführer (page does not exist)">Oberstammführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Oberstammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/HJ-Oberstammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Oberstammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/HJ-Oberstammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Oberstammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/HJ-Oberstammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Oberstammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senior Unit Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstleutnant" title="Oberstleutnant">Oberstleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stammf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stammführer (page does not exist)">Stammführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Stammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HJ-Stammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/120px-HJ-Stammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HJ-Stammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/250px-HJ-Stammf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Unit Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Major_(Germany)" title="Major (Germany)">Major</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th colspan="5"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Höhere Führerschaft</i></span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hauptgefolgschaftsführer (page does not exist)">Hauptgefolgschaftsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/HJ-Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/HJ-Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/HJ-Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Hauptgefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Head Cadre Unit Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptmann" title="Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a></i></span>/<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rittmeister" class="mw-redirect" title="Rittmeister">Rittmeister</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Captain</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obergefolgschaftsführer (page does not exist)">Obergefolgschaftsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HJ-Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HJ-Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HJ-Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Obergefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senior Cadre Unit Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberleutnant" title="Oberleutnant">Oberleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">Lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gefolgschaftsführer (page does not exist)">Gefolgschaftsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Gefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/HJ-Gefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/120px-HJ-Gefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/HJ-Gefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/250px-HJ-Gefolgschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Cadre Unit Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Leutnant" title="Leutnant">Leutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th colspan="5"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Führerschaft</i></span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberscharführer">Oberscharführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Oberscharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/HJ-Oberscharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Oberscharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/HJ-Oberscharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Oberscharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/HJ-Oberscharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Oberscharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senior Squad Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberfeldwebel" title="Oberfeldwebel">Oberfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant Major">Sergeant Major</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Scharf%C3%BChrer" title="Scharführer">Scharführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Scharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HJ-Scharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Scharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HJ-Scharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Scharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HJ-Scharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Scharf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Squad Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Feldwebel" title="Feldwebel">Feldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Staff_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff Sergeant">Staff Sergeant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberkameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oberkameradschaftsführer (page does not exist)">Oberkameradschaftsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Oberkameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/HJ-Oberkameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/120px-HJ-Oberkameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/HJ-Oberkameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/250px-HJ-Oberkameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="147" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senior Comrade Unit Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Unterfeldwebel" title="Unterfeldwebel">Unterfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kameradschaftsführer (page does not exist)">Kameradschaftsführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/HJ-Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/HJ-Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/HJ-Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Kameradschaftsf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="147" /></a></span> </td> <td>Comrade Unit Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Unteroffizier" title="Unteroffizier">Unteroffizier</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rottenf%C3%BChrer" title="Rottenführer">Oberrottenführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Oberrottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HJ-Oberrottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/120px-HJ-Oberrottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HJ-Oberrottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/250px-HJ-Oberrottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Senior Section Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obergefreiter" title="Obergefreiter">Obergefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lance_Corporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lance Corporal">Lance Corporal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rottenf%C3%BChrer" title="Rottenführer">Rottenführer</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Rottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/HJ-Rottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-HJ-Rottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/HJ-Rottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/150px-HJ-Rottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/HJ-Rottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/200px-HJ-Rottenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Section Leader </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td><b>None</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th colspan="5"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hitlerjungen</i></span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hitlerjunge" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitlerjunge">Hitlerjunge</a></i></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HJ-Hitlerjunge_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/HJ-Hitlerjunge_h.svg/100px-HJ-Hitlerjunge_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/HJ-Hitlerjunge_h.svg/150px-HJ-Hitlerjunge_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/HJ-Hitlerjunge_h.svg/200px-HJ-Hitlerjunge_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Hitler Youth </td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Soldat_(rank)" title="Soldat (rank)">Soldat</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Troop colours/<i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paspel" class="extiw" title="de:Paspel">Paspel</a></i>:</b> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936Table_20_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936Table_20-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><br />(Most Hitler Youth <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_boards" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder boards">shoulder boards</a> were tan or black and piped with one of the below “troop colours” or <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paspel" class="extiw" title="de:Paspel">Paspel</a></i>; The naval Hitler Youth units were the exception, with navy blue shoulder boards piped in gold)<br /><br /> </p> <ul><li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FF0000" title="#FF0000"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Red_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (color)">Red</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">rot</i></span>); Standard Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Allgemeine-HJ</i></span>) colours <ul><li>Hitler Youth mountain walk groups (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">HJ-Bergfahrtengruppen</i></span>) and Mountain Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gebirgs-HJ</i></span>) were programs available to HJ members. They were not <i>Sonderformation</i> and did not bear unique <i>Paspel</i>, though participants were eligible to earn certain insignia, such as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">HJ-Skiführerabzeichen</i></span> (Hitler Youth Ski Leader’s Badge), among others</li></ul></li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #960018" title="#960018"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carmine_(color)" title="Carmine (color)">Carmine</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">karmesinrot</i></span>); Area and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsjugendführer</i></span> staffs</li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #ADD8E6" title="#ADD8E6"></span></span> Light blue (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">hellblau</i></span>): 'Flyer' (or 'Pilot') Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Flieger-HJ</i></span>)</li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FFC0CB" title="#FFC0CB"></span></span> Pink (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">rosa</i></span>): Motor Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Motor-HJ</i></span>)</li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FFFF00" title="#FFFF00"></span></span> Yellow (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">gelb</i></span>): Communications/Signal Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Nachrichten-HJ</i></span>) <ul><li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FF0000" title="#FF0000"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Red_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (color)">Red</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">rot</i></span>): Pioneer (or Engineering) Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Pionier-HJ</i></span>); Amalgamated into the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Nachrichten-HJ</i></span> in 1936, adopted <span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FFFF00" title="#FFFF00"></span></span> yellow (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">gelb</i></span>) piping</li></ul></li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #00FF00" title="#00FF00"></span></span> Green (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">grün</i></span>): Hitler Youth agriculture service (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">HJ-Landdienst</i></span>)</li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FFFFFF" title="#FFFFFF"></span></span> White (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">weiß</i></span>); <a href="/wiki/National_Political_Institutes_of_Education" title="National Political Institutes of Education">National Political Institutes of Education</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten</i></span> or NPEA) educational institutions; NPEA schools were <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(Germany)" title="Gymnasium (Germany)">preparatory schools</a> which were <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> in nature. NPEA personnel utilized HJ uniforms and ranks</li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FFFFFF" title="#FFFFFF"></span></span> White (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">weiß</i></span>); Hitler Youth 'patrol service' (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">HJ-Streifendienst</i></span> or SRD); White <i>Paspel</i> was authorized in June 1942 for SRD personnel. Prior to this, SRD personnel wore the standard red of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Allgemeine-HJ</i></span> <ul><li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #F00000" title="#F00000"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Red_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (color)">Red</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">rot</i></span>); Hitler Youth <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">Firefighting</a> Brigades (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">HJ-Feuerwehrscharen</i></span>, also referred to as <i>Feuerwehrscharen im SRD</i>); <i>Feuerwehrscharen</i> units existed prior to 1939, but their training was not standardized. In December 1939, training was standardized and all <i>Feuerwehrscharen</i> personnel were fully subordinated to the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">HJ-Streifendienst</i></span> (SRD); In 1940, uniforms unique to the <i>HJ-Feuerwehrscharen</i> were introduced, bearing shoulder boards piped with <span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #960018" title="#960018"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carmine_(color)" title="Carmine (color)">Carmine</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">karmesinrot</i></span>) <i>Paspel</i>. After the June 1942 transition of the SRD to white <i>Paspel</i>, <i>Feuerwehrscharen</i> were also authorized to wear the <span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #FFFFFF" title="#FFFFFF"></span></span> SRD white (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">weiß der SRD</i></span>) shoulder board piping on their standard HJ uniforms. <i>Feuerwehrscharen</i> personnel were also eligible to earn the <i>HJ-Feuerwehrabzeichen</i> ("Hitler Youth Fire Brigade Badge), issued in two degrees; <i>Formationsabzeichen</i> (standard badge), edged in carmine, and the <i>Führerabzeichen</i> (fire unit leaders’ badge), edged in white or silver. Apart from the edging, the badges were identical; a diamond-shaped cloth insignia worn on the lower-left outer sleeve of appropriate HJ uniforms, featuring a carmine <i><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Ordnungspolizei" title="Ranks and insignia of the Ordnungspolizei">Polizeiadler</a></i> ("police eagle" insignia) superimposed on red and black flames. The badges were earned via a standardized pass-or-fail series of firefighting-related tests</li></ul></li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #283F5C" title="#283F5C"></span></span> Navy blue (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">marineblau</i></span>) base piped in <span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #D9B247" title="#D9B247"></span></span> gold (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">gold</i></span>): Naval Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Marine-HJ</i></span>)</li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #F00000" title="#F00000"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Red_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (color)">Red</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">rot</i></span>); Mounted Hitler Youth (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reiter-HJ</i></span>); Disbanded in 1936</li> <li><span style="border:thin solid black"><span style="border-left:1.2em solid;border-left-color: #F00000" title="#F00000"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Red_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (color)">Red</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">rot</i></span>); Hitler Youth <a href="/wiki/Feldscher" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldscher">First-Aiders</a>; (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">HJ-Feldschere</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bund Deutscher Mädel</i></span> or BDM)-Health Service Girl (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">BDM-Gesundheitsdienstmädel</i></span>); BDM personnel did not wear shoulder boards, and thus Health Service Girls had no unique colours. Qualified <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">BDM-Gesundheitsdienstmädel</i></span> wore a <i><a href="/wiki/Feldscher" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldscher">Feldscher</a></i> insignia of black and silver <a href="/wiki/Aesculapius" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesculapius">Aesculapius</a> snake-and-staff on their lower-left sleeve. Post-September 1938 this insignia was changed to a white background with a red "<a href="/wiki/Life_rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Life rune">life rune</a>” with varied borders denoting rank</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">National Socialist German Students' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Schoolchildren%27s_League" title="National Socialist Schoolchildren's League">National Socialist Schoolchildren's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth_Badge" title="Hitler Youth Badge">Hitler Youth Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorw%C3%A4rts!_Vorw%C3%A4rts!" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorwärts! Vorwärts!">Vorwärts! Vorwärts!</a> – Anthem of Hitler Youth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nazionale_Balilla" title="Opera Nazionale Balilla">Opera Nazionale Balilla</a> – Italian Fascist youth movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a> – Japanese Fascist youth movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Jeugdstorm" title="Nationale Jeugdstorm">Nationale Jeugdstorm</a> – Dutch Fascist youth movement</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jojo_Rabbit" title="Jojo Rabbit">Jojo Rabbit</a></i> – satire film about Hitler Youth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlerjunge_Quex_(film)" title="Hitlerjunge Quex (film)">Hitlerjunge Quex</a> – 1933 propaganda film about the Hitler Youth</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <p><b>Informational notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historian Richard Evans reported an even lower number of only 18,000 members of the HJ in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006271_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006271-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This fact is emphasised in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Wei%C3%9Fe_Rose_(film)" title="Die Weiße Rose (film)">The White Rose</a></i> which depicts how Scholl was able to resist Nazi Germany's ideology while being a member of the Nazi Party's youth movement.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1993 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carter_(film_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Carter (film director)">Thomas Carter</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Kids_(1993_film)" title="Swing Kids (1993 film)">Swing Kids</a></i> also focuses on this topic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At the 1936 Nuremberg Rally, where there were some 100,000 participants of the <i>HJ</i> and Girls' League present, upwards of 900 girls between fifteen and eighteen years of age returned home pregnant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrunberger1971280_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrunberger1971280-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 17 May 1938, Schirach said, "The real, great educational act for a people lies in ingraining in youth blind obedience, unshakeable loyalty, unconditional comradeship and absolute reliability."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyer was later sentenced to death by a Canadian court after his capture for ordering the <i>HJ</i> to shoot 64 British and Canadian POWs (making them complicit in a <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crime</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004214_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004214-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Hitler Youth and their related symbology was connoted as unconstitutional in the German Criminal Code (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Strafgesetzbuch</i></span>) (StGB): § 86 StGB: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Verbreiten von Propagandamitteln verfassungswidriger Organisationen</i></span> (Dissemination of Propaganda Material of Unconstitutional Organizations) and by § 86a StGB: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Verwenden von Kennzeichen verfassungswidriger Organisationen</i></span> (Use of Signs of Unconstitutional Organisations). See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lawww.de/Library/stgb/86.htm">http://www.lawww.de/Library/stgb/86.htm</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bundestag.de/blob/195550/4db1151061f691ac9a8be2d9b60210ac/das_strafbare_verwenden_von_kennzeichen_verfassungswidriger_organisationen-data.pdf">https://www.bundestag.de/blob/195550/4db1151061f691ac9a8be2d9b60210ac/das_strafbare_verwenden_von_kennzeichen_verfassungswidriger_organisationen-data.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These ranks apply only within the Hitler Youth itself and would not be equivalent in real-world military terms. For instance, there were no Hitler Youth leaders negotiating with English field marshals or American general officers for terms of surrender. Hitler Youth members bearing the rank of <i>Reichsjugendführer</i> or any elevated rank within the HJ structure itself would not merit a salute by a German military officer in any circumstance since they were part of a "paramilitary" organization until recruited. Only once the indoctrinated youth entered actual military service would they have an opportunity to prove themselves and earn true military rank. See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.history.com/news/how-the-hitler-youth-turned-a-generation-of-kids-into-nazis">https://www.history.com/news/how-the-hitler-youth-turned-a-generation-of-kids-into-nazis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To verify these ranks, see the Nazi publication: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsorganisationsleiter der NSDAP</i></span> (1943). <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Organisationshandbuch der NSDAP</i></span>. München: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zentralverlag der NSDAP</i></span>, Franz Eher Nachf., Tafels 55, 56, and p. 458.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: Reichsorganisationsleiter der NSDAP (1943), pp. 460–462.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELepage200921-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200921_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200921_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLepage2009">Lepage 2009</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMühlberger200430–32-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMühlberger200430–32_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMühlberger2004">Mühlberger 2004</a>, pp. 30–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZentnerBedürftig1991">Zentner & Bedürftig 1991</a>, p. 431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199640-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199640_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch1996">Koch 1996</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199640–41-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199640–41_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch1996">Koch 1996</a>, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELepage200921–23-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepage200921–23_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLepage2009">Lepage 2009</a>, pp. 21–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlee2005694-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlee2005694_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlee2005">Klee 2005</a>, p. 694.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura1975114–115-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStachura1975114–115_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStachura1975">Stachura 1975</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006271-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006271_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2006">Evans 2006</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989266_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989266_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989266_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199689-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199689_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch1996">Koch 1996</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_835-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991431,_835_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZentnerBedürftig1991">Zentner & Bedürftig 1991</a>, pp. 431, 835.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater200448–59-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater200448–59_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKater2004">Kater 2004</a>, pp. 48–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriepke1960187–189-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriepke1960187–189_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPriepke1960">Priepke 1960</a>, pp. 187–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1990253-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1990253_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShirer1990">Shirer 1990</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989268-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989268_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura1998478-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStachura1998478_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStachura1998">Stachura 1998</a>, p. 478.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller194387–89-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller194387–89_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMüller1943">Müller 1943</a>, pp. 87–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum200735-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum200735_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum2007">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2007</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura1998479-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStachura1998479_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStachura1998">Stachura 1998</a>, p. 479.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006272-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006272_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006272_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2006">Evans 2006</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFritzsche200998–99-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFritzsche200998–99_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFritzsche2009">Fritzsche 2009</a>, pp. 98–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFulbrook2011140–142-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFulbrook2011140–142_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFulbrook2011">Fulbrook 2011</a>, pp. 140–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004122–123-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004122–123_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKater2004">Kater 2004</a>, pp. 122–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamson200255-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamson200255_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliamson2002">Williamson 2002</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch199663,_68,_72,_105-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch199663,_68,_72,_105_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch1996">Koch 1996</a>, pp. 63, 68, 72, 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMühlhäuser2014170-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMühlhäuser2014170_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMühlhäuser2014">Mühlhäuser 2014</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrunberger1971280-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrunberger1971280_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrunberger1971">Grunberger 1971</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECocks2007-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECocks2007_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCocks2007">Cocks 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009155-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009155_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009155_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlejohn198855-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittlejohn198855_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLittlejohn1988">Littlejohn 1988</a>, p. 55.</span> 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1991</a>, pp. 432–435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennecke1937-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennecke1937_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennecke1937">Bennecke 1937</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStellrecht1938-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStellrecht1938_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStellrecht1938">Stellrecht 1938</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004170-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004170_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKater2004">Kater 2004</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater200462–69-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater200462–69_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKater2004">Kater 2004</a>, pp. 62–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonney2009139-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonney2009139_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBonney2009">Bonney 2009</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch1996220-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch1996220_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch1996">Koch 1996</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989102-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989102_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198445-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198445_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand1984">Hildebrand 1984</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006274-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006274_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2006">Evans 2006</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERees2012135-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERees2012135_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRees2012">Rees 2012</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991434–435-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991434–435_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZentnerBedürftig1991434–435_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZentnerBedürftig1991">Zentner & Bedürftig 1991</a>, pp. 434–435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2006273-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2006273_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2006">Evans 2006</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater200430-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater200430_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKater2004">Kater 2004</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETunis1936-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETunis1936_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTunis1936">Tunis 1936</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989180-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989180_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathkolb2022Ch._11_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRathkolb2022">Rathkolb 2022</a>, p. Ch. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch1996114-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch1996114_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch1996114_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoch1996">Koch 1996</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989181-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989181_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1984">Hamilton 1984</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984205–206-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984205–206_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, pp. 205–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel198968-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel198968_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot1995425-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDearFoot1995425_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDearFoot1995">Dear & Foot 1995</a>, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013295-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013295_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013295_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2013">McNab 2013</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984205-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984205_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartoletti2005133-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartoletti2005133_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBartoletti2005">Bartoletti 2005</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004214-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004214_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004214_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKater2004">Kater 2004</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForty200429-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForty200429_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForty2004">Forty 2004</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1986172-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1986172_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler1986">Butler 1986</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlatman2011121–122,_219,_228-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlatman2011121–122,_219,_228_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlatman2011">Blatman 2011</a>, pp. 121–122, 219, 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStargardt2015516–517-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStargardt2015516–517_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStargardt2015">Stargardt 2015</a>, pp. 516–517.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989250–251-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989250–251_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, pp. 250–251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984248-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984248_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984248_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1984">Hamilton 1984</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel19892-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel19892_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989252-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989252_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKater2004265-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKater2004265_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKater2004">Kater 2004</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECogen2012226-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECogen2012226_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCogen2012">Cogen 2012</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200915-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200915_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247,_334-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1984247,_334_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1984">Hamilton 1984</a>, pp. 247, 334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens197343-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens197343_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens1973">Stephens 1973</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens19738-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens19738_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens1973">Stephens 1973</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens197373-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens197373_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens1973">Stephens 1973</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201274-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson201274_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2012">Wilson 2012</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA199921-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA199921_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA199921_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCIA1999">CIA 1999</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936Table_20-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936Table_20_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936Table_20_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936">Verlag Moritz Ruhl 1936</a>, Table 20.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBartoletti2005" class="citation book cs1">Bartoletti, Susan Campbell (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitleryouthgrowi00bart/page/8/mode/2up"><i>Hitler Youth: Growing Up in Hitler's Shadow</i></a>. New York: Scholastic Nonfiction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780439353793" title="Special:BookSources/9780439353793"><bdi>9780439353793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+Youth%3A+Growing+Up+in+Hitler%27s+Shadow&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scholastic+Nonfiction&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780439353793&rft.aulast=Bartoletti&rft.aufirst=Susan+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitleryouthgrowi00bart%2Fpage%2F8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBennecke1937" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bennecke, Fritz (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/hjhandbuch.htm">"Vom deutschen Volk und seinem Lebensraum. Handbuch für die Schulung in der HJ"</a> [From the German people and their living space. Manual for the training in the HJ]. <i>German Propaganda Archive</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+Propaganda+Archive&rft.atitle=Vom+deutschen+Volk+und+seinem+Lebensraum.+Handbuch+f%C3%BCr+die+Schulung+in+der+HJ&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Bennecke&rft.aufirst=Fritz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.calvin.edu%2Fgerman-propaganda-archive%2Fhjhandbuch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlatman2011" class="citation book cs1">Blatman, Daniel (2011). <i>The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide</i>. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-049-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-049-5"><bdi>978-0-67405-049-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+Marches%3A+The+Final+Phase+of+Nazi+Genocide&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA+and+London&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-67405-049-5&rft.aulast=Blatman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBonney2009" class="citation book cs1">Bonney, Richard, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KuiPXOje7EkC&pg=PA139"><i>Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity: The Kulturkampf Newsletters, 1936–1939</i></a>. Bern: Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-904-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-904-2"><bdi>978-3-03911-904-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confronting+the+Nazi+War+on+Christianity%3A+The+Kulturkampf+Newsletters%2C+1936%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Bern&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-03911-904-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKuiPXOje7EkC%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButler1986" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Rupert (1986). <i>Hitler's Young Tigers: The Chilling True Story of the Hitler Youth</i>. London: Arrow Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-942450-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-942450-9"><bdi>0-09-942450-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Young+Tigers%3A+The+Chilling+True+Story+of+the+Hitler+Youth&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Arrow+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-09-942450-9&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCIA1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> (24 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123031622/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78-02646R000600030012-6.pdf">"Records Integration Title Book"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78-02646R000600030012-6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Records+Integration+Title+Book&rft.date=1999-08-24&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FCIA-RDP78-02646R000600030012-6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCocks2007" class="citation journal cs1">Cocks, Geoffrey (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18175467/">"Sick Heil: Self and Illness in Nazi Germany"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Osiris_(journal)" title="Osiris (journal)">Osiris</a></i>. <b>22</b>: <span class="nowrap">93–</span>115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F521744">10.1086/521744</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18175467">18175467</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40551973">40551973</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osiris&rft.atitle=Sick+Heil%3A+Self+and+Illness+in+Nazi+Germany&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40551973%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18175467&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F521744&rft.aulast=Cocks&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F18175467%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCogen2012" class="citation book cs1">Cogen, Marc (2012). <i>Democracies and the Shock of War: The Law as a Battlefield</i>. London and New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-40944-363-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-40944-363-6"><bdi>978-1-40944-363-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracies+and+the+Shock+of+War%3A+The+Law+as+a+Battlefield&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-40944-363-6&rft.aulast=Cogen&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDearFoot1995" class="citation book cs1">Dear, Ian; <a href="/wiki/M._R._D._Foot" title="M. R. D. Foot">Foot, M.R.D.</a>, eds. (1995). <i>The Oxford Guide to World War II</i>. Oxford; New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534096-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534096-9"><bdi>978-0-19-534096-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534096-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvans2006" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Richard (2006). <i>The Third Reich in Power</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14303-790-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14303-790-3"><bdi>978-0-14303-790-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+in+Power&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14303-790-3&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForty2004" class="citation book cs1">Forty, George (2004). <i>Villers Bocage</i>. Battle Zone Normandy. <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton Publishing">Sutton Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-3012-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-3012-8"><bdi>0-7509-3012-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Villers+Bocage&rft.series=Battle+Zone+Normandy&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7509-3012-8&rft.aulast=Forty&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFritzsche2009" class="citation book cs1">Fritzsche, Peter (2009). <i>Life and Death in the Third Reich</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03374-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03374-0"><bdi>978-0-674-03374-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Death+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03374-0&rft.aulast=Fritzsche&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFulbrook2011" class="citation book cs1">Fulbrook, Mary (2011). <i>Dissonant Lives: Generations and Violence Through the German Dictatorships</i>. Oxford; New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199287208" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199287208"><bdi>978-0199287208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dissonant+Lives%3A+Generations+and+Violence+Through+the+German+Dictatorships&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199287208&rft.aulast=Fulbrook&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrunberger1971" class="citation book cs1">Grunberger, Richard (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/12yearreichsoc00grun"><i>The 12-Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany, 1933–1945</i></a>. New York: Henry Holt & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-076435-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-076435-1"><bdi>0-03-076435-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+12-Year+Reich%3A+A+Social+History+of+Nazi+Germany%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Co.&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-03-076435-1&rft.aulast=Grunberger&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F12yearreichsoc00grun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1984" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Charles (1984). <i>Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 1</i>. R. James Bender Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912138-27-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-912138-27-0"><bdi>0-912138-27-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaders+%26+Personalities+of+the+Third+Reich%2C+Vol.+1&rft.pub=R.+James+Bender+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-912138-27-0&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHildebrand1984" class="citation book cs1">Hildebrand, Klaus (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdreich0000hild"><i>The Third Reich</i></a>. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-0494-3033-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-0494-3033-5"><bdi>0-0494-3033-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-0494-3033-5&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdreich0000hild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKater2004" class="citation book cs1">Kater, Michael H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitleryouth00kate"><i>Hitler Youth</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01496-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01496-0"><bdi>0-674-01496-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+Youth&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-674-01496-0&rft.aulast=Kater&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitleryouth00kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlee2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Klee, Ernst (2005). <i>Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945</i> [<i>The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945</i>] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-59616-048-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-59616-048-8"><bdi>978-3-59616-048-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Personenlexikon+zum+Dritten+Reich.+Wer+war+was+vor+und+nach+1945&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pub=Fischer+Taschenbuch+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-59616-048-8&rft.aulast=Klee&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoch1996" class="citation book cs1">Koch, H. W. (1996) [1975]. <i>The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development, 1922–1945</i>. New York: Barnes and Noble. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0880292368" title="Special:BookSources/978-0880292368"><bdi>978-0880292368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hitler+Youth%3A+Origins+and+Development%2C+1922%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barnes+and+Noble&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0880292368&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=H.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLepage2009" class="citation book cs1">Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. (2009). <i>Hitler Youth, 1922–1945: An Illustrated History</i>. Jefferson, NC; London: McFarland & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78643-935-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78643-935-5"><bdi>978-0-78643-935-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+Youth%2C+1922%E2%80%931945%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC%3B+London&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-78643-935-5&rft.aulast=Lepage&rft.aufirst=Jean-Denis+G.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLittlejohn1988" class="citation book cs1">Littlejohn, David (1988). <i>The Hitler Youth</i>. Somerset, KY: Agincourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934870-21-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-934870-21-7"><bdi>0-934870-21-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hitler+Youth&rft.place=Somerset%2C+KY&rft.pub=Agincourt&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-934870-21-7&rft.aulast=Littlejohn&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2009" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2009). <i>The Third Reich</i>. Amber Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-51-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-51-8"><bdi>978-1-906626-51-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich&rft.pub=Amber+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-906626-51-8&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2013" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2013). <i>Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45</i>. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-088-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-088-4"><bdi>978-1-78200-088-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Elite%3A+The+SS+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-088-4&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMühlberger2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Mühlberger, Detlef (2004). <i>Hitler's Voice: The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920–1933</i>. Vol. 1 [Organisation & Development of the Nazi Party]. Bern: Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3906769721" title="Special:BookSources/978-3906769721"><bdi>978-3906769721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Voice%3A+The+V%C3%B6lkischer+Beobachter%2C+1920%E2%80%931933&rft.place=Bern&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3906769721&rft.aulast=M%C3%BChlberger&rft.aufirst=Detlef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMühlhäuser2014" class="citation book cs1">Mühlhäuser, Regina (2014). "A Question of Honor: Some Remarks on the Sexual Habits of German Soldiers during World War II". In Wolfgang Bialas; Lothar Fritze (eds.). <i>Nazi Ideology and Ethics</i>. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44385-422-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44385-422-1"><bdi>978-1-44385-422-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Question+of+Honor%3A+Some+Remarks+on+the+Sexual+Habits+of+German+Soldiers+during+World+War+II&rft.btitle=Nazi+Ideology+and+Ethics&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-44385-422-1&rft.aulast=M%C3%BChlh%C3%A4user&rft.aufirst=Regina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMüller1943" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Müller, Albert (1943). <i>Die Betreuung der Jugend: Überblick über eine Aufgabe der Volksgemeinschaft</i> [<i>The care of the youth: overview of a task of the national community</i>] (in German). Berlin: Eher Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Betreuung+der+Jugend%3A+%C3%9Cberblick+%C3%BCber+eine+Aufgabe+der+Volksgemeinschaft&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Eher+Verlag&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPriepke1960" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Priepke, Manfred (1960). <i>Die evangelische Jugend im Dritten Reich 1933–1936</i> [<i>The Protestant youth in the Third Reich 1933–1936</i>] (in German). Frankfurt: Norddeutsche Verlagsanstalt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+evangelische+Jugend+im+Dritten+Reich+1933%E2%80%931936&rft.place=Frankfurt&rft.pub=Norddeutsche+Verlagsanstalt&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Priepke&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRathkolb2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Rathkolb" title="Oliver Rathkolb">Rathkolb, Oliver</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZWSEAAAQBAJ&q=Baldur+von+Schirach:+Nazi+Leader+and+Head+of+the+Hitler+Youth"><i>Baldur von Schirach: Nazi Leader and Head of the Hitler Youth</i></a>. Pen & Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-39902-096-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-39902-096-1"><bdi>978-1-39902-096-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baldur+von+Schirach%3A+Nazi+Leader+and+Head+of+the+Hitler+Youth&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-39902-096-1&rft.aulast=Rathkolb&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZWSEAAAQBAJ%26q%3DBaldur%2Bvon%2BSchirach%3A%2BNazi%2BLeader%2Band%2BHead%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHitler%2BYouth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRees2012" class="citation book cs1">Rees, Laurence (2012). <i>Hitler's Charisma: Leading Millions into the Abyss</i>. New York: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30738-958-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30738-958-9"><bdi>978-0-30738-958-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Charisma%3A+Leading+Millions+into+the+Abyss&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-30738-958-9&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRempel1989" class="citation book cs1">Rempel, Gerhard (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerschildren00gerh"><i>Hitler's Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS</i></a></span>. Chapel Hill, NC: <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4299-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4299-7"><bdi>978-0-8078-4299-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Children%3A+The+Hitler+Youth+and+the+SS&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+NC&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-4299-7&rft.aulast=Rempel&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitlerschildren00gerh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShirer1990" class="citation book cs1">Shirer, William (1990). <i>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</i>. New York: MJF Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56731-163-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56731-163-1"><bdi>978-1-56731-163-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=MJF+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-56731-163-1&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStachura1975" class="citation book cs1">Stachura, Peter D. (1975). <i>Nazi Youth in the Weimar Republic</i>. Santa Barbara, CA: Clio Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-199-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-199-5"><bdi>978-0-87436-199-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazi+Youth+in+the+Weimar+Republic&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=Clio+Books&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-87436-199-5&rft.aulast=Stachura&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStachura1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Stachura, Peter D. (1998). "Hitler Youth". In Buse, Dieter; Doerr, Juergen (eds.). <i>Modern Germany: An Encyclopedia of History, People, and Culture 1871–1990</i>. Vol. 2 Vols. New York: Garland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81530-503-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81530-503-3"><bdi>978-0-81530-503-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hitler+Youth&rft.btitle=Modern+Germany%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+History%2C+People%2C+and+Culture+1871%E2%80%931990&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-81530-503-3&rft.aulast=Stachura&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStargardt2015" class="citation book cs1">Stargardt, Nicholas (2015). <i>The German War: A Nation Under Arms, 1939–1945</i>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-46501-899-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-46501-899-4"><bdi>978-0-46501-899-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+War%3A+A+Nation+Under+Arms%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-46501-899-4&rft.aulast=Stargardt&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStein1984" class="citation book cs1">Stein, George H. (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/waffensshitlerse00stei"><i>The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945</i></a></span>. Ithaca, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0"><bdi>0-8014-9275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen+SS%3A+Hitler%27s+Elite+Guard+at+War%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8014-9275-0&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwaffensshitlerse00stei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStellrecht1938" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stellrecht, Helmut (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/glauben.htm">"Glauben und Handeln. Ein Bekenntnis der jungen Nation"</a> [Belief and Action. A commitment of the young nation]. <i>German Propaganda Archive</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+Propaganda+Archive&rft.atitle=Glauben+und+Handeln.+Ein+Bekenntnis+der+jungen+Nation&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Stellrecht&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.calvin.edu%2Fgerman-propaganda-archive%2Fglauben.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephens1973" class="citation book cs1">Stephens, Frederick John (1973). <i>Hitler Youth: History, Organisation, Uniforms and Insignia</i>. Alnark Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0855241047" title="Special:BookSources/0855241047"><bdi>0855241047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+Youth%3A+History%2C+Organisation%2C+Uniforms+and+Insignia&rft.pub=Alnark+Publishing&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0855241047&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Frederick+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTunis1936" class="citation magazine cs1">Tunis, John R. (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1936-07-01/dictators-discover-sport">"The Dictators Discover Sport"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Dictators+Discover+Sport&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Tunis&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Frussian-federation%2F1936-07-01%2Fdictators-discover-sport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> (2007). <i>Nazi Ideology and the Holocaust</i>. Washington DC: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89604-712-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89604-712-9"><bdi>978-0-89604-712-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazi+Ideology+and+the+Holocaust&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-89604-712-9&rft.au=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerlag_Moritz_Ruhl1936" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verlag Moritz Ruhl (1936). <i>Deutsche Uniformen</i> [<i>German Uniforms</i>] (in German). Leipzig: Verlag Moritz Ruhl.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Uniformen&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Verlag+Moritz+Ruhl&rft.date=1936&rft.au=Verlag+Moritz+Ruhl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2002" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, David (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdreich0003will"><i>The Third Reich</i></a></span>. London: Longman Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-58236-883-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-58236-883-5"><bdi>978-0-58236-883-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-58236-883-5&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdreich0003will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, A.N. (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitler0000wils"><i>Hitler</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-46503-128-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-46503-128-3"><bdi>978-0-46503-128-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-46503-128-3&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=A.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitler0000wils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZentnerBedürftig1991" class="citation book cs1">Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Third_Reich" title="The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich">The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishing">Macmillan Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-897500-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-897500-6"><bdi>0-02-897500-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-02-897500-6&rft.aulast=Zentner&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Bed%C3%BCrftig%2C+Friedemann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHitler+Youth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hitlerjugend" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hitlerjugend">Hitlerjugend</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nazi_Party124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NSDAP" title="Template:NSDAP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NSDAP" title="Template talk:NSDAP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NSDAP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NSDAP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nazi_Party124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Leader</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Anton Drexler</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1921–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Adolf Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_House,_Munich" title="Brown House, Munich">Brown House, Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Workers%27_Party" title="German Workers' Party">German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6hm_scandal" title="Röhm scandal">Röhm scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amt_Rosenberg" title="Amt Rosenberg">Amt Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Chancellery" title="Hitler's Chancellery">Hitler's Chancellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party_Chancellery" title="Nazi Party Chancellery">Nazi Party Chancellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Colonial_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy">Office of Colonial Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Military_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Military Policy">Office of Military Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party_Office_of_Racial_Policy" title="Nazi Party Office of Racial Policy">Office of Racial Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs">Office of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Education_Office" title="SS Education Office">SS Education Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Innviertler_Heimatblatt" title="Innviertler Heimatblatt">Innviertler Heimatblatt</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Arbeitertum" title="Arbeitertum">Arbeitertum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Panzerb%C3%A4r" title="Panzerbär">Panzerbär</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kampfverlag" title="Kampfverlag">Kampfverlag</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Notable members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Axmann" title="Artur Axmann">Artur Axmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Houston Stewart Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Kurt Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diels" title="Rudolf Diels">Rudolf Diels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Dietrich Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Freisler" title="Roland Freisler">Roland Freisler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Hanfstaengl" title="Ernst Hanfstaengl">Ernst Hanfstaengl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_H%C3%B6ss" title="Rudolf Höss">Rudolf Höss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kaltenbrunner" title="Ernst Kaltenbrunner">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ley" title="Robert Ley">Robert Ley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Rust" title="Bernhard Rust">Bernhard Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Todt" title="Fritz Todt">Fritz Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front" title="Black Front">Black Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a>) / <a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Homeland_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Homeland (Germany)">The Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler_Schools" title="Adolf Hitler Schools">Adolf Hitler Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Documentation_Centre_for_the_History_of_National_Socialism" title="Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism">Munich Documentation Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Political_Institutes_of_Education" title="National Political Institutes of Education">National Political Institutes of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_songs" title="Nazi songs">Nazi songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party">Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_branch_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Samoan branch of the Nazi Party">Samoan branch of the Nazi Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nazism434" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism" title="Template:Nazism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazism" title="Template talk:Nazism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nazism434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></i></span></li> <li>Hitler Youth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span> (SD)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span> (SA)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span> (SS) <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#History" title="Nazi Germany">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Adolf Hitler's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li> <p><a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazism#Ideology_and_programme" title="Nazism">Ideology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Socialism_and_communism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_morality" title="Nazi morality">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></i></span></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis" title="Category:Nazis">Ideologues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <p>Pre-<i>Machtergreifung</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul> <p>Post-<i>Machtergreifung</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_war_crimes" title="Category:Nazi war crimes">Atrocities<br /> and war crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Action T4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani genocide">Romani genocide</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside<br />Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_in_Greece" title="Template:Nazism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_parties" title="Category:Nazi parties">Parties</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlebists_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement<br />(United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement (Slovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Party ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Role and impact in <br /> German society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_the_Wehrmacht" title="Nazism and the Wehrmacht">The Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_German_nobility_in_the_Nazi_Party" title="Former German nobility in the Nazi Party">Nobility</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Political views of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazism" title="Category:Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ranks,_uniforms_and_insignia_of_Nazi_Germany103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d7d7d7;;background:#c3c3c3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks,_uniforms,_and_insignia_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Template:Ranks, uniforms, and insignia of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks,_uniforms,_and_insignia_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Template talk:Ranks, uniforms, and insignia of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks,_uniforms,_and_insignia_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks, uniforms, and insignia of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ranks,_uniforms_and_insignia_of_Nazi_Germany103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ranks, uniforms and insignia of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Uniforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="Uniforms of the German Army (1935–1945)">Heer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Luftwaffe_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="Uniforms of the Luftwaffe (1935–1945)">Luftwaffe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_and_insignia_of_the_Kriegsmarine" title="Uniforms and insignia of the Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_and_insignia_of_the_Schutzstaffel" title="Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_and_insignia_of_the_Sturmabteilung" title="Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk#Uniform_and_emblems" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls#Uniform_and_emblems" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Ranks and insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_ranks_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Comparative ranks of Nazi Germany">Comparative ranks of Nazi Germany</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wehrmacht17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="Ranks and insignia of the German Army (1935–1945)">Heer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Luftwaffe_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="Ranks and insignia of the Luftwaffe (1935–1945)">Luftwaffe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_and_insignia_of_the_Kriegsmarine" title="Uniforms and insignia of the Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geheime_Feldpolizei#Ranks" title="Geheime Feldpolizei">Geheime Feldpolizei</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_and_insignia_of_the_Schutzstaffel" title="Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Waffen-SS" title="Ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS#Ranks" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></i></li> <li>(see also <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_insignia_of_the_Schutzstaffel" title="Esoteric insignia of the Schutzstaffel">Esoteric insignia of the SS</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany_paramilitary_ranks" title="Nazi Germany paramilitary ranks">Nazi Paramilitary ranks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_and_insignia_of_the_Sturmabteilung" title="Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">National Socialist Flyers Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Sports_Association" title="German Air Sports Association">German Air Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="Ranks and insignia of the National Socialist Motor Corps">National Socialist Motor Corps</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Reichsluftschutzbund" title="Ranks and insignia of the Reichsluftschutzbund">Reichsluftschutzbund</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Reichsarbeitsdienst" title="Ranks and insignia of the Reichsarbeitsdienst">Reich Labour Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_German_Red_Cross" title="Ranks and insignia of the German Red Cross">German Red Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volkssturm#Ranks" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_Organisation_Todt" title="Ranks and insignia of Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Hitler_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks and insignia of the Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_German_Women%27s_Auxiliary_Services" title="Ranks and insignia of the German Women's Auxiliary Services">Women's Auxiliary Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Reichsbahn" title="Ranks and insignia of the Reichsbahn">Reichsbahn</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahnschutzpolizei" title="Bahnschutzpolizei">Bahnschutzpolizei</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Security_Main_Office" title="Reich Security Main Office">Reich Security Main Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Kriminalpolizei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zollgrenzschutz" title="Zollgrenzschutz">Zollgrenzschutz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Ordnungspolizei" title="Ranks and insignia of the Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_police_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Administrative police in Nazi Germany">Administrative police</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Gendarmerie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feuerschutzpolizei" title="Feuerschutzpolizei">Feuerschutzpolizei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luftschutzpolizei" title="Luftschutzpolizei">Luftschutzpolizei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Postschutz" title="Postschutz">Postschutz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Technische_Nothilfe" title="Technische Nothilfe">Technische Nothilfe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Rosenberg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">RMBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsleiter_Rosenberg_Taskforce#Ranks" title="Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce">Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Speer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Transportflotte_Speer" title="Transportflotte Speer">Transportflotte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legion_Speer" title="Legion Speer">Legion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transportkorps_Speer" title="Transportkorps Speer">Transportkorps</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_German_Forest_Society_(Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks and insignia of the German Forest Society (Nazi Germany)">Forest Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forest_Protection_Command" title="Forest Protection Command">Forstschutzkommando</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_J%C3%A4gerschaft" title="Deutsche Jägerschaft">Deutsche Jägerschaft</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaborationist forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="Ranks and insignia of the National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">DNSAP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vichy France <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_mobile_de_r%C3%A9serve#Ranks" title="Groupe mobile de réserve">Groupe mobile de réserve</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice#Ranks" title="Milice">Milice française</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hirden#Ranks_and_rank_insignia" title="Hirden">Rikshirden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statspolitiet" title="Statspolitiet">Statspolitiet</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brigades#Ranks" title="Black Brigades">Black Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic" title="Military ranks of the Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Police" title="Blue Police">Blue Police</a></li></ul></li> <li>Soviet Union <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Legion#Rank_insignia" title="Armenian Legion">Armenian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Home_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian Home Defence">Byelorussian Home Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army#Ranks" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Sturmbrigade_RONA#Ranks_from_May,_1943_to_June,_1944" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Sturmbrigade RONA">RONA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawniki_men#Organization" title="Trawniki men">Trawniki</a></li></ul></li> <li>Yugoslavia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzstaffel_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Einsatzstaffel (Independent State of Croatia)">Einsatzstaffel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Military ranks of the Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Protective_Corps#Rank_insignia" title="Russian Protective Corps">Russian Protective Corps in Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czechoslovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_Slovakia_(1939-1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military ranks of Slovakia (1939-1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Government_Army_(Bohemia_and_Moravia)#Ranks" title="Government Army (Bohemia and Moravia)">Vládní vojsko</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Corps colours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corps_colours_of_the_German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="Corps colours of the German Army (1935–1945)">Heer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corps_colours_of_the_Luftwaffe_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="Corps colours of the Luftwaffe (1935–1945)">Luftwaffe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corps_colours_(Waffen-SS)" title="Corps colours (Waffen-SS)">Waffen-SS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_colours_of_the_Sturmabteilung" title="Corps colours of the Sturmabteilung">SA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany">Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_decorations_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Political decorations of the Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Flags</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Wehrmacht_and_Heer_(1933%E2%80%931945)" title="List of flags of the Wehrmacht and Heer (1933–1945)"><i>Wehrmacht</i> and <i>Heer</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Luftwaffe_(1933%E2%80%931945)" title="List of flags of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)">Luftwaffe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_German_Navy_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="List of flags of the German Navy (1935–1945)">Kriegsmarine</a></i></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Blutfahne" title="Blutfahne">Blutfahne</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_Youth_Movement51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_Youth_Movement" title="Template:German Youth Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_Youth_Movement" title="Template talk:German Youth Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_Youth_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German Youth Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_Youth_Movement51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/German_Youth_Movement" title="German Youth Movement">German Youth Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jugendburg" title="Jugendburg">Jugendburg</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigstein_Castle" title="Ludwigstein Castle">Ludwigstein Castle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohte" title="Kohte">Kohte</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_Prayer" title="Light Prayer">Light Prayer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lute_guitar" title="Lute guitar">Lute guitar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wandervogel" title="Wandervogel">Wandervogel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wanderungen_durch_die_Mark_Brandenburg" title="Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg">Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wild_Geese_(song)" title="Wild Geese (song)">Wild Geese</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wir_sind_des_Geyers_schwarzer_Haufen" title="Wir sind des Geyers schwarzer Haufen">Wir sind des Geyers schwarzer Haufen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berneuchen_Movement" title="Berneuchen Movement">Berneuchen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Freischar" title="Deutsche Freischar">Deutsche Freischar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Jungenschaft_vom_1.11.1929" title="Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929">Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Pfadfinderbund_(1911%E2%80%931933)" title="Deutscher Pfadfinderbund (1911–1933)">Deutscher Pfadfinderbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freideutsche_Jugend" title="Freideutsche Jugend">Freideutsche Jugend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmtrupp-Pfadfinder" title="Sturmtrupp-Pfadfinder">Sturmtrupp-Pfadfinder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bl%C3%BCher" title="Hans Blüher">Hans Blüher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidus" title="Fidus">Fidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Freyer" title="Hans Freyer">Hans Freyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Klatt" title="Fritz Klatt">Fritz Klatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Koebel" title="Eberhard Koebel">Eberhard Koebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lion" title="Alexander Lion">Alexander Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luserke" title="Martin Luserke">Martin Luserke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paasche" title="Hans Paasche">Hans Paasche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Otto_Paetel" title="Karl Otto Paetel">Karl Otto Paetel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schwab" title="Alexander Schwab">Alexander Schwab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelweiss_Pirates" title="Edelweiss Pirates">Edelweiss Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Forest" title="German Forest">German Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreisau_Circle" title="Kreisau Circle">Kreisau Circle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebensreform" title="Lebensreform">Lebensreform</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Meuten" title="Leipzig Meuten">Leipzig Meuten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swingjugend" title="Swingjugend">Swingjugend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement"><i>Völkisch</i> movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rose" title="White Rose">White Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_youth_movement" title="Zionist youth movement">Zionist youth movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38791#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata973" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38791#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata973" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38791#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110103191">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128382645">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/31334-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80152839">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20020322982&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007262640405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027296687">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hitler_Youth&oldid=1280716679">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hitler_Youth&oldid=1280716679</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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