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<span>Toggle Mechanism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catalytic_cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalytic_cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Catalytic cycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalytic_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spectroscopy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spectroscopy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Spectroscopy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spectroscopy-sublist" 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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitochroom_P450" title="Sitochroom P450 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sitochroom P450" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A450" title="سيتوكروم بي450 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيتوكروم بي450" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citohrom_P450" title="Citohrom P450 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Citohrom P450" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocrom_p450" title="Citocrom p450 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Citocrom p450" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrom_P450" title="Cytochrom P450 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cytochrom P450" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrom_P450" title="Cytochrom P450 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cytochrom P450" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtokroom_P450" title="Tsütokroom P450 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsütokroom P450" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%87%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1_P450" title="Κυτόχρωμα P450 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυτόχρωμα P450" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocromo_P450" title="Citocromo P450 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Citocromo P450" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokromo_p450" title="Citokromo p450 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Citokromo p450" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%DB%B4%DB%B5%DB%B0" title="سیتوکروم پی ۴۵۰ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیتوکروم پی ۴۵۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cytochrome P450" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocromo_P450" title="Citocromo P450 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Citocromo P450" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%AC_P450" title="사이토크롬 P450 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이토크롬 P450" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokrom_P-450" title="Citokrom P-450 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Citokrom P-450" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokrom_P450" title="Sitokrom P450 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sitokrom P450" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocromo_P450" title="Citocromo P450 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Citocromo P450" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochroma_P450" title="Cytochroma P450 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cytochroma P450" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokr%C3%B3m_P450" title="Citokróm P450 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Citokróm P450" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochroom_P450" title="Cytochroom P450 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cytochroom P450" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0P450" title="シトクロムP450 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シトクロムP450" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokrom_P450" title="Cytokrom P450 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cytokrom P450" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrom_P450" title="Cytochrom P450 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cytochrom P450" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocromo_P450" title="Citocromo P450 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Citocromo P450" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocrom_P450" title="Citocrom P450 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Citocrom P450" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_P450" title="Цитохром P450 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цитохром P450" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokrom_P450" title="Citokrom P450 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Citokrom P450" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citohrom_P450" title="Citohrom P450 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Citohrom P450" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citohrom_P450" title="Citohrom P450 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Citohrom P450" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sytokromi_P450" title="Sytokromi P450 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sytokromi P450" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokrom_P450" title="Cytokrom P450 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cytokrom P450" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokrom_P450" title="Sitokrom P450 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sitokrom P450" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0-450" title="Цитохром Р-450 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цитохром Р-450" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of enzymes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_(individual_enzymes)" title="Cytochrome P450 (individual enzymes)">Cytochrome P450 (individual enzymes)</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cytochrome P450</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Structure_of_lanosterol_14_%CE%B1-demethylase_(CYP51).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Structure_of_lanosterol_14_%CE%B1-demethylase_%28CYP51%29.png/220px-Structure_of_lanosterol_14_%CE%B1-demethylase_%28CYP51%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Structure_of_lanosterol_14_%CE%B1-demethylase_%28CYP51%29.png/330px-Structure_of_lanosterol_14_%CE%B1-demethylase_%28CYP51%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Structure_of_lanosterol_14_%CE%B1-demethylase_%28CYP51%29.png/440px-Structure_of_lanosterol_14_%CE%B1-demethylase_%28CYP51%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="1022" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Structure of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (<a href="/wiki/CYP51" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP51">CYP51</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;">p450</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00067">PF00067</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001128">IPR001128</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00081">PDOC00081</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=2cpp">2cpp</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=2cpp">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=2cpp">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Orientations_of_Proteins_in_Membranes_database" title="Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database">OPM superfamily</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opm.phar.umich.edu/protein_superfamilies/39">39</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Orientations_of_Proteins_in_Membranes_database" title="Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database">OPM protein</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opm.phar.umich.edu/proteins?search=2bdm">2bdm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Conserved_Domain_Database" title="Conserved Domain Database">CDD</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=cd00302">cd00302</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Membranome_database" title="Membranome database">Membranome</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://membranome.org/protein_superfamilies/265">265</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00067?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00067">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00067%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00067">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00067">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00067">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cytochromes P450</b> (<b>P450s</b> or <b>CYPs</b>) are a <a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">superfamily</a> of <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">heme</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">cofactor</a> that mostly, but not exclusively, function as <a href="/wiki/Monooxygenase" title="Monooxygenase">monooxygenases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12369887_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12369887-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mammals, these enzymes oxidize <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenobiotic" title="Xenobiotic">xenobiotics</a>, and participate in many biosyntheses.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted. </p><p>P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in <a href="/wiki/Electron_transfer" title="Electron transfer">electron transfer</a> chains, broadly categorized as <a href="/wiki/P450-containing_systems" title="P450-containing systems">P450-containing systems</a>. The term "P450" is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Spectrophotometry" title="Spectrophotometry">spectrophotometric</a> peak at the <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Absorption_spectroscopy" title="Absorption spectroscopy">absorption maximum</a> of the enzyme (450 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a>) when it is in the <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduced</a> state and complexed with <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a>. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> to reduce the <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (and eventually molecular <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">Genes</a> encoding P450 enzymes, and the enzymes themselves, are designated with the <a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature#Symbol_and_name" title="Gene nomenclature">root symbol</a> <b>CYP</b> for the <a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">superfamily</a>, followed by a number indicating the <a href="/wiki/Gene_family" title="Gene family">gene family</a>, a capital letter indicating the subfamily, and another numeral for the individual gene. The convention is to <i><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italicize</a></i> the name when referring to the gene. For example, <i>CYP2E1</i> is the gene that encodes the enzyme <a href="/wiki/CYP2E1" title="CYP2E1">CYP2E1</a>—one of the enzymes involved in <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (acetaminophen) metabolism. The <b>CYP</b> nomenclature is the official naming convention, although occasionally <b>CYP450</b> or <b>CYP<sub>450</sub></b> is used synonymously. These names should never be used as according to the nomenclature convention (as they denote a P450 in family number 450). However, some gene or enzyme names for P450s are also referred to by historical names (e.g. P450<sub>BM3</sub> for CYP102A1) or functional names, denoting the catalytic activity and the name of the compound used as substrate. Examples include <a href="/wiki/CYP5A1" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP5A1">CYP5A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thromboxane" title="Thromboxane">thromboxane</a> A<sub>2</sub> synthase, abbreviated to <a href="/wiki/Thromboxane-A_synthase" title="Thromboxane-A synthase">TBXAS1</a> (<b>T</b>hrom<b>B</b>o<b>X</b>ane <b>A</b><sub>2</sub> <b>S</b>ynthase <b>1</b>), and <a href="/wiki/CYP51A1" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP51A1">CYP51A1</a>, lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, sometimes unofficially abbreviated to LDM according to its substrate (<b>L</b>anosterol) and activity (<b>D</b>e<b>M</b>ethylation).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current nomenclature guidelines suggest that members of new CYP families share at least 40% <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino-acid</a> identity, while members of subfamilies must share at least 55% amino-acid identity. Nomenclature committees assign and track both base gene names (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drnelson.uthsc.edu/CytochromeP450.html">Cytochrome P450 Homepage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627184446/http://drnelson.uthsc.edu/CytochromeP450.html">Archived</a> 2010-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">allele</a> names (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmvar.org//">CYP Allele Nomenclature Committee</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/P450-containing_systems" title="P450-containing systems">P450-containing systems</a></div> <p>Based on the nature of the electron transfer proteins, P450s can be classified into several groups:<sup id="cite_ref-1996-Hanukoglu_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1996-Hanukoglu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Microsomal P450 systems</dt> <dd>in which electrons are transferred from <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate">NADPH</a> via <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_reductase" title="Cytochrome P450 reductase">cytochrome P450 reductase</a> (variously CPR, POR, or CYPOR). <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b5" title="Cytochrome b5">Cytochrome b<sub>5</sub></a> (cyb<sub>5</sub>) can also contribute reducing power to this system after being reduced by <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b5_reductase" title="Cytochrome b5 reductase">cytochrome b<sub>5</sub> reductase</a> (CYB<sub>5</sub>R).</dd> <dt>Mitochondrial P450 systems</dt> <dd>which employ <a href="/wiki/Adrenodoxin_reductase" title="Adrenodoxin reductase">adrenodoxin reductase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrenodoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenodoxin">adrenodoxin</a> to transfer electrons from NADPH to P450.</dd> <dt>Bacterial P450 systems</dt> <dd>which employ a <a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin_reductase" title="Ferredoxin reductase">ferredoxin reductase</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin" title="Ferredoxin">ferredoxin</a> to transfer electrons to P450.</dd> <dt>CYB<sub>5</sub>R/cyb<sub>5</sub>/P450 systems</dt> <dd>in which both electrons required by the CYP come from cytochrome b<sub>5</sub>.</dd> <dt>FMN/Fd/P450 systems</dt> <dd>originally found in <i><a href="/wiki/Rhodococcus" title="Rhodococcus">Rhodococcus</a></i> species, in which a <a href="/wiki/Flavin_mononucleotide" title="Flavin mononucleotide">FMN</a>-domain-containing <a href="/wiki/Reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Reductase">reductase</a> is fused to the CYP.</dd> <dt>P450 only systems</dt> <dd>which do not require external reducing power. Notable ones include <a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_synthase" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane synthase">thromboxane synthase</a> (CYP5), <a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin_synthase" title="Prostacyclin synthase">prostacyclin synthase</a> (CYP8), and CYP74A (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allene_oxide_synthase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allene oxide synthase (page does not exist)">allene oxide synthase</a>).</dd></dl> <p>The most common reaction catalyzed by cytochromes P450 is a monooxygenase reaction, e.g., insertion of one atom of oxygen into the aliphatic position of an organic substrate (RH), while the other oxygen atom is <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduced</a> to water: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">RH + O<sub>2</sub> + NADPH + H<sup>+</sup> → ROH + H<sub>2</sub>O + NADP<sup>+</sup></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_hydroxylation_enzymes">Related hydroxylation enzymes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Related hydroxylation enzymes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylation" title="Hydroxylation">hydroxylation</a> reactions (insertion of <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl">hydroxyl</a> groups) use CYP enzymes, but many other hydroxylases exist. <a href="/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent_hydroxylases" title="Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases">Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases</a> also rely on an Fe=O intermediate but lack hemes. Methane monooxygenase, which converts methane to methanol, are non-heme iron-and iron-copper-based enzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P450cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The P450 catalytic cycle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/P450cycle.svg/400px-P450cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/P450cycle.svg/600px-P450cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/P450cycle.svg/800px-P450cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9240" data-file-height="6968" /></a><figcaption>The "Fe(V) intermediate" at the bottom left is a simplification: it is an Fe(IV) with a <a href="/wiki/Noninnocent_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="Noninnocent ligand">radical heme ligand</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The active site of cytochrome P450 contains a heme-iron center. The iron is tethered to the protein via a <a href="/wiki/Cysteine" title="Cysteine">cysteine</a> <a href="/wiki/Thiolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiolate">thiolate</a> <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligand</a>. This cysteine and several flanking residues are highly conserved in known P450s, and have the formal <a href="/wiki/PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a> signature consensus pattern [FW] - [SGNH] - x - [GD] - {F} - [RKHPT] - {P} - <u>C</u> - [LIVMFAP] - [GAD].<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, the P450 catalytic cycle proceeds as follows: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalytic_cycle">Catalytic cycle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Catalytic cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Substrate binds in proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Heme_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Heme group">heme group</a>, on the side opposite to the axial thiolate. Substrate binding induces a change in the conformation of the active site, often displacing a water molecule from the distal axial coordination position of the heme iron,<sup id="cite_ref-P450Mechanism_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P450Mechanism-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and changing the state of the heme iron from low-spin to high-spin.<sup id="cite_ref-HiResCam_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HiResCam-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Substrate binding induces electron transfer from NAD(P)H via <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_reductase" title="Cytochrome P450 reductase">cytochrome P450 reductase</a> or another associated <a href="/wiki/Reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Reductase">reductase</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-P450pot_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P450pot-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> converting Fe(III) to Fe(II).</li> <li>Molecular oxygen binds to the resulting ferrous heme center at the distal axial coordination position, initially giving a <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_dioxygen_complex" title="Transition metal dioxygen complex">dioxygen adduct</a> similar to oxy-myoglobin.</li> <li>A second electron is transferred, from either <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_reductase" title="Cytochrome P450 reductase">cytochrome P450 reductase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin" title="Ferredoxin">ferredoxins</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b5" title="Cytochrome b5">cytochrome b<sub>5</sub></a>, reducing the Fe-O<sub>2</sub> adduct to give a short-lived peroxo state.</li> <li>The peroxo group formed in step 4 is rapidly protonated twice, releasing one molecule of water and forming the highly reactive species referred to as <b>P450 Compound 1</b> (or just Compound I). This highly reactive intermediate was isolated in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-P450-I_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P450-I-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> P450 Compound 1 is an iron(IV) oxo (or <a href="/wiki/Ferryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferryl">ferryl</a>) species with an additional oxidizing equivalent <a href="/wiki/Delocalized" class="mw-redirect" title="Delocalized">delocalized</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Porphyrin" title="Porphyrin">porphyrin</a> and thiolate ligands. Evidence for the alternative perferryl <a href="/wiki/High-valent_iron" title="High-valent iron">iron(V)-oxo</a><sup id="cite_ref-P450Mechanism_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P450Mechanism-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-P450-I_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P450-I-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Depending on the substrate and enzyme involved, P450 enzymes can catalyze any of a wide variety of reactions. A hypothetical hydroxylation is illustrated. After the hydroxylated product has been released from the active site, the enzyme returns to its original state, with a water molecule returning to occupy the distal coordination position of the iron nucleus.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FeIVO_2.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/FeIVO_2.tif/lossy-page1-300px-FeIVO_2.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/FeIVO_2.tif/lossy-page1-450px-FeIVO_2.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/FeIVO_2.tif/lossy-page1-600px-FeIVO_2.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_rebound_mechanism" title="Oxygen rebound mechanism">Oxygen rebound mechanism</a> utilized by cytochrome P450 for conversion of hydrocarbons to alcohols via the action of "compound I", an iron(IV) oxide bound to a heme radical cation.</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>An alternative route for mono-oxygenation is via the "peroxide shunt" (path "S" in figure). This pathway entails oxidation of the ferric-substrate complex with oxygen-atom donors such as peroxides and hypochlorites.<sup id="cite_ref-p450struc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p450struc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A hypothetical peroxide "XOOH" is shown in the diagram.</li></ol> <p>Mechanistic details, including the <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_rebound_mechanism" title="Oxygen rebound mechanism">oxygen rebound mechanism</a>, have been investigated with synthetic analogues, consisting of iron oxo heme complexes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spectroscopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Binding of substrate is reflected in the spectral properties of the enzyme, with an increase in absorbance at 390 nm and a decrease at 420 nm. This can be measured by difference spectroscopies and is referred to as the "type I" difference spectrum (see inset graph in figure). Some substrates cause an opposite change in spectral properties, a "reverse type I" spectrum, by processes that are as yet unclear. Inhibitors and certain substrates that bind directly to the heme iron give rise to the type II difference spectrum, with a maximum at 430 nm and a minimum at 390 nm (see inset graph in figure). If no reducing equivalents are available, this complex may remain stable, allowing the degree of binding to be determined from absorbance measurements <i>in vitro</i><sup id="cite_ref-p450struc_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p450struc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> C: If carbon monoxide (CO) binds to reduced P450, the catalytic cycle is interrupted. This reaction yields the classic CO difference spectrum with a maximum at 450 nm. However, the interruptive and inhibitory effects of CO varies upon different CYPs such that the CYP3A family is relatively less affected.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Binding_site">Binding site</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Binding site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The heme in cytochrome P450 binds to a conserved sequence: phe – X – X – gly – arg – X – cys – X – gly, where "X" denotes some variant amino acid. The cysteine binds Fe and arginine, forming strong electrostatic interactions with negatively charged side chains of the heme. The glycine residues within the conserved sequence are essential, as their small structure enables surrounding alpha helices to remain in place without interacting with a variant amino acid.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cytochrome_P450_Binding_Site.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cytochrome_P450_Binding_Site.png/220px-Cytochrome_P450_Binding_Site.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cytochrome_P450_Binding_Site.png/330px-Cytochrome_P450_Binding_Site.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cytochrome_P450_Binding_Site.png/440px-Cytochrome_P450_Binding_Site.png 2x" data-file-width="1972" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>The conserved sequence of cytochrome P450 is highlighted, depicting how specific amino acid residues are essential for binding to a heme.In cytochrome p450 as seen in Streptomyces antibioticus (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/">PDB</a> code <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4XE3">4XE3</a>), Phe349, Gly352, Ala353, Cys356, and Gly358 represent the conserved domain.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/48px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/64px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_oxidoreductase_deficiency" title="Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency">Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_engineering" title="Cytochrome P450 engineering">Cytochrome P450 engineering</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytochrome_P450&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEstabrook2003" class="citation journal cs1">Estabrook RW (December 2003). 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hemeproteins" title="Template:Hemeproteins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hemeproteins" title="Template talk:Hemeproteins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hemeproteins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hemeproteins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Proteins_that_contain_heme_(hemoproteins)178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteins</a> that contain <a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">heme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hemoprotein" title="Hemoprotein">hemoproteins</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Globin" title="Globin">Globins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">Hemoglobin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subunits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Alpha locus on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_16" title="Chromosome 16">16</a>:</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>α</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_subunit_alpha" title="Hemoglobin subunit alpha">HBA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin,_alpha_2" title="Hemoglobin, alpha 2">HBA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBAP1" title="HBAP1">pseudo</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ζ</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_subunit_zeta" title="Hemoglobin subunit zeta">HBZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>θ</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HBQ1" title="HBQ1">HBQ1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>μ</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mu_hemoglobin" title="Mu hemoglobin">HBM</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Human_%CE%B2-globin_locus" title="Human β-globin locus">Beta locus</a> on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_11" title="Chromosome 11">11</a>:</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>β</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_subunit_beta" title="Hemoglobin subunit beta">HBB</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>δ</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HBD" title="HBD">HBD</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>γ</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HBG1" title="HBG1">HBG1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBG2" title="HBG2">HBG2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ε</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HBE1" title="HBE1">HBE1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetrameric_protein" title="Tetrameric protein">Tetramers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>stages of <br />development:</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embryonic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_hemoglobin" title="Embryonic hemoglobin">HbE Gower 1</a> (ζ<sub>2</sub>ε<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_hemoglobin" title="Embryonic hemoglobin">HbE Gower 2</a> (α<sub>2</sub>ε<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_hemoglobin" title="Embryonic hemoglobin">HbE Portland I</a> (ζ<sub>2</sub>γ<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_hemoglobin" title="Embryonic hemoglobin">HbE Portland II</a> (ζ<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fetal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin" title="Fetal hemoglobin">HbF/Fetal</a> (α<sub>2</sub>γ<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_A" title="Hemoglobin A">HbA</a> (α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adult</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_A" title="Hemoglobin A">HbA</a> (α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_A2" title="Hemoglobin A2">HbA<sub>2</sub></a> (α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin" title="Fetal hemoglobin">HbF/Fetal</a> (α<sub>2</sub>γ<sub>2</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>pathology:</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-thalassemia" title="Alpha-thalassemia">HbH</a> (β<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_Barts" title="Hemoglobin Barts">Barts</a> (γ<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HbD" class="mw-redirect" title="HbD">HbD</a> (α<sub>2</sub>β<sup>D</sup><sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle_cell_disease" title="Sickle cell disease">HbS</a> (α<sub>2</sub>β<sup>S</sup><sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_C" title="Hemoglobin C">HbC</a> (α<sub>2</sub>β<sup>C</sup><sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_E" title="Hemoglobin E">HbE</a> (α<sub>2</sub>β<sup>E</sup><sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_O" title="Hemoglobin O">HbO</a> (α<sub>2</sub>β<sup>O</sup><sub>2</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carboxyhemoglobin" title="Carboxyhemoglobin">Carboxyhemoglobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbaminohemoglobin" title="Carbaminohemoglobin">Carbaminohemoglobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">Oxyhemoglobin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Deoxyhemoglobin" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxyhemoglobin">Deoxyhemoglobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfhemoglobinemia" title="Sulfhemoglobinemia">Sulfhemoglobin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin" title="Glycated hemoglobin">Glycated hemoglobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methemoglobin" title="Methemoglobin">Methemoglobin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonhuman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erythrocruorin" title="Erythrocruorin">Chlorocruorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrocruorin" title="Erythrocruorin">Erythrocruorin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>human:</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">Myoglobin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metmyoglobin" title="Metmyoglobin">Metmyoglobin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroglobin" title="Neuroglobin">Neuroglobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytoglobin" title="Cytoglobin">Cytoglobin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>plant:</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leghemoglobin" title="Leghemoglobin">Leghemoglobin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome" title="Cytochrome">Cytochrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b" title="Cytochrome b">Cytochrome b</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cytochrome P450</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methemalbumin" title="Methemalbumin">Methemalbumin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Disorders_of_globin_and_globulin_proteins" title="Template:Disorders of globin and globulin proteins">disorders of globin and globulin proteins</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cytochromes,_oxygenases:_cytochrome_P450_(Most_belong_to_EC_1.14)206" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cytochrome_P450" title="Template:Cytochrome P450"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cytochrome_P450" title="Template talk:Cytochrome P450"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cytochrome_P450" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cytochrome P450"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cytochromes,_oxygenases:_cytochrome_P450_(Most_belong_to_EC_1.14)206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome" title="Cytochrome">Cytochromes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygenase" title="Oxygenase">oxygenases</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">cytochrome P450</a> (Most belong to <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 1.14)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CYP1A1" title="CYP1A1">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP1A2" title="CYP1A2">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP1A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP1A5 (page does not exist)">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP1B1" title="CYP1B1">B1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CYP2A6" title="CYP2A6">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2A7" title="CYP2A7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2A13" title="CYP2A13">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2B6" title="CYP2B6">B6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2C8" title="CYP2C8">C8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2C9" title="CYP2C9">C9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2C18" title="CYP2C18">C18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2C19" title="CYP2C19">C19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2D6" title="CYP2D6">D6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2E1" title="CYP2E1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2F1" title="CYP2F1">F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2J2" title="CYP2J2">J2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2R1" title="CYP2R1">R1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2S1" title="CYP2S1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2U1" title="CYP2U1">U1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2W1" title="CYP2W1">W1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP3 (<a href="/wiki/CYP3A" title="CYP3A">CYP3A</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP3A5" title="CYP3A5">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP3A7" title="CYP3A7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP3A37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP3A37 (page does not exist)">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP3A43" title="CYP3A43">A43</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CYP4A11" title="CYP4A11">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4A22" title="CYP4A22">A22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4B1" title="CYP4B1">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4F2" title="CYP4F2">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4F3" title="CYP4F3">F3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4F8" title="CYP4F8">F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4F11" title="CYP4F11">F11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4F12" title="CYP4F12">F12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4F22" title="CYP4F22">F22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4V2" title="CYP4V2">V2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4X1" title="CYP4X1">X1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP4Z1" title="CYP4Z1">Z1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP5-20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>CYP5</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thromboxane-A_synthase" title="Thromboxane-A synthase">A1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP6_family" title="CYP6 family">CYP6</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP6G1" title="CYP6G1">G1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP6M2" title="CYP6M2">M2</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP7</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cholesterol_7_alpha-hydroxylase" title="Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP7B1" title="CYP7B1">B1</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP8</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP8A1" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP8A1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP8B1" title="CYP8B1">B1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP9_family" title="CYP9 family">CYP9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP10_family" title="CYP10 family">CYP10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP11_family" title="CYP11 family">CYP11</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cholesterol_side-chain_cleavage_enzyme" title="Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP11A2" title="CYP11A2">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steroid_11-beta-hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone_synthase" title="Aldosterone synthase">B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP11B3" title="CYP11B3">B3</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP11C1" title="CYP11C1">C1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP12_family" title="CYP12 family">CYP12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP13_family" title="CYP13 family">CYP13</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP14_family" title="CYP14 family">CYP14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP15_family" title="CYP15 family">CYP15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP16_family" title="CYP16 family">CYP16</a></i></li> <li><i>CYP17</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP17A1" title="CYP17A1">A1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP18_family" title="CYP18 family">CYP18</a></i></li> <li><i>CYP19</i> (<a href="/wiki/Aromatase" title="Aromatase">A1</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP20</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP20A1" title="CYP20A1">A1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP21-49</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>CYP21</i> (<a href="/wiki/21-Hydroxylase" title="21-Hydroxylase">A2</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP22</i> (<a href="/wiki/Daf-9" title="Daf-9">A1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP23_family" title="CYP23 family">CYP23</a></i></li> <li><i>CYP24</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP24A1" title="CYP24A1">A1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP25_family" title="CYP25 family">CYP25</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP26_family" title="CYP26 family">CYP26</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP26A1" title="CYP26A1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP26B1" title="CYP26B1">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP26C1" title="CYP26C1">C1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP27_family" title="CYP27 family">CYP27</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP27A1" title="CYP27A1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/25-Hydroxyvitamin_D3_1-alpha-hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP27C1" title="CYP27C1">C1</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP28</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP28A1" title="CYP28A1">A1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP29_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP29 family (page does not exist)">CYP29</a></i></li> <li><i>CYP35</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP35B1" title="CYP35B1">B1</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP39</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP39A1" title="CYP39A1">A1</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP46</i> (<a href="/wiki/CYP46A1" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP46A1">A1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP51-69</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sterol_14-demethylase" title="Sterol 14-demethylase">CYP51</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lanosterol_14_alpha-demethylase" title="Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ERG11" title="ERG11">F1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP52_family" title="CYP52 family">CYP52</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP53_family" title="CYP53 family">CYP53</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoate_4-monooxygenase" title="Benzoate 4-monooxygenase">A1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP55_family" title="CYP55 family">CYP55</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_reductase_(NAD(P),_nitrous_oxide-forming)" title="Nitric oxide reductase (NAD(P), nitrous oxide-forming)">A1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>CYP56</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CYP56A1" title="CYP56A1">A1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ERG5" title="ERG5">CYP61</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP71-99</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>CYP71</i> (<a href="/wiki/3-hydroxyindolin-2-one_monooxygenase" title="3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase">C1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indolin-2-one_monooxygenase" title="Indolin-2-one monooxygenase">C2</a>, <a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one_monooxygenase" title="2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one monooxygenase">C3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indole-2-monooxygenase" title="Indole-2-monooxygenase">C4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ent-isokaurene_C2-hydroxylase" title="Ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase">Z6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelicin_synthase" title="Angelicin synthase">AJ4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amorpha-4,11-diene_12-monooxygenase" title="Amorpha-4,11-diene 12-monooxygenase">AV1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha-humulene_10-hydroxylase" title="Alpha-humulene 10-hydroxylase">BA1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secologanin_synthase" title="Secologanin synthase">CYP72A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trans-cinnamate_4-monooxygenase" title="Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase">CYP73A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP74_family" title="CYP74 family">CYP74</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Colneleate_synthase" title="Colneleate synthase">D1</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP75</i> (<a href="/wiki/Flavonoid_3%27,5%27-hydroxylase" title="Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid_3%27-monooxygenase" title="Flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase">B1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP76_family" title="CYP76 family">CYP76</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Geraniol_8-hydroxylase" title="Geraniol 8-hydroxylase">B6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ent-cassa-12,15-diene_11-hydroxylase" title="Ent-cassa-12,15-diene 11-hydroxylase">M7</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP79</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_N-monooxygenase" title="Tyrosine N-monooxygenase">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine_N-monooxygenase" title="Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tryptophan_N-monooxygenase" title="Tryptophan N-monooxygenase">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tryptophan_N-monooxygenase" title="Tryptophan N-monooxygenase">B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tryptophan_N-monooxygenase" title="Tryptophan N-monooxygenase">B3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valine_N-monooxygenase" title="Valine N-monooxygenase">D1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valine_N-monooxygenase" title="Valine N-monooxygenase">D2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoleucine_N-monooxygenase" title="Isoleucine N-monooxygenase">D3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoleucine_N-monooxygenase" title="Isoleucine N-monooxygenase">D4</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP80</i> (<a href="/wiki/Berbamunine_synthase" title="Berbamunine synthase">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/N-methylcoclaurine_3%27-monooxygenase" title="N-methylcoclaurine 3'-monooxygenase">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/(S)-corytuberine_synthase" title="(S)-corytuberine synthase">G2</a>)</li> <li><i>CYP81</i> (<a href="/wiki/Isoflavone_2%27-hydroxylase" title="Isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase">E1</a>, <a href="/wiki/4%27-methoxyisoflavone_2%27-hydroxylase" title="4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase">E3</a>, <a href="/wiki/4%27-methoxyisoflavone_2%27-hydroxylase" title="4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase">E7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoflavone_3%27-hydroxylase" title="Isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase">E9</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beta-amyrin_11-oxidase" title="Beta-amyrin 11-oxidase">CYP88D6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/3-Epi-6-deoxocathasterone_23-monooxygenase" title="3-Epi-6-deoxocathasterone 23-monooxygenase">CYP90C1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beta-amyrin_24-hydroxylase" title="Beta-amyrin 24-hydroxylase">CYP93E1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carotene_epsilon-monooxygenase" title="Carotene epsilon-monooxygenase">CYP97C1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/9beta-pimara-7,15-diene_oxidase" title="9beta-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase">CYP99A3</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP101-281</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camphor_5-monooxygenase" title="Camphor 5-monooxygenase">CYP101A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_BM3" title="Cytochrome P450 BM3">CYP102A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP105_family" title="CYP105 family">CYP105</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D3_dihydroxylase" title="Vitamin D3 dihydroxylase">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentalenic_acid_synthase" title="Pentalenic acid synthase">D7</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steroid_15beta-monooxygenase" title="Steroid 15beta-monooxygenase">CYP106A2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP107_family" title="CYP107 family">CYP107</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_eryF" title="Cytochrome P450 eryF">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP107G1" title="CYP107G1">G1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP109_family" title="CYP109 family">CYP109</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CYP109B1" title="CYP109B1">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP109E1" title="CYP109E1">E1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linalool_8-monooxygenase" title="Linalool 8-monooxygenase">CYP111</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin_12_hydroxylase" title="Erythromycin 12 hydroxylase">CYP113A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP119A1" title="CYP119A1">CYP119A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP123_family" title="CYP123 family">CYP123</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cholest-4-en-3-one_26-monooxygenase" title="Cholest-4-en-3-one 26-monooxygenase">CYP125A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP139_family" title="CYP139 family">CYP139</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP147_family" title="CYP147 family">CYP147</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatty-acid_peroxygenase" title="Fatty-acid peroxygenase">CYP152</a></i> <ul><li>A1</li> <li>B1</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP154C3" title="CYP154C3">CYP154C3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biflaviolin_synthase" title="Biflaviolin synthase">CYP158A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pentalenolactone_synthase" title="Pentalenolactone synthase">CYP161C</a></i></li> <li><i>CYP170</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epi-isozizaene_5-monooxygenase" title="Epi-isozizaene 5-monooxygenase">A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP170B1" title="CYP170B1">B1</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1,8-Cineole_2-endo-monooxygenase" title="1,8-Cineole 2-endo-monooxygenase">CYP176A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pentalenene_oxygenase" title="Pentalenene oxygenase">CYP183A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP197_family" title="CYP197 family">CYP197</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/4-methoxybenzoate_monooxygenase_(O-demethylating)" title="4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating)">CYP199A2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_aromatic_O-demethylase" title="Cytochrome P450 aromatic O-demethylase">CYP255A</a> </i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP301-499</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP303A1" title="CYP303A1">CYP303A1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP305_family" title="CYP305 family">CYP305</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CYP305M2" title="CYP305M2">M2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_genes" title="Halloween genes">Halloween genes</a> ( <i>CYP302A1</i>, <i>CYP306A1</i>, <i>CYP307A1</i>, <i>CYP307A2</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ecdysone_20-monooxygenase" title="Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase">CYP314A1</a></i>, <i>CYP315A1</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP318A1" title="CYP318A1">CYP318A1</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP501-699</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ent-kaurene_oxidase" title="Ent-kaurene oxidase">CYP503</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/3-hydroxyphenylacetate_6-hydroxylase" title="3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase">CYP504B1</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">CYP701-999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP704B22" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP704B22">CYP704B22</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CYP710_family" title="CYP710 family">CYP710</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abietadienol_hydroxylase" title="Abietadienol hydroxylase">CYP720A1</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="Translocase">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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