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id="toc-Roots_in_the_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roots_in_the_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Roots in the 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roots_in_the_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>After World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_movements_and_artist_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_movements_and_artist_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Art movements and artist groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_movements_and_artist_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art movements and artist groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_movements_and_artist_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century_(before_World_War_I)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century_(before_World_War_I)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early 20th century (before World War I)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century_(before_World_War_I)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I_to_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I_to_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World War I to World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I_to_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_II_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_II_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>After World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_II_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_modern_art_exhibitions_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_modern_art_exhibitions_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable modern art exhibitions and museums</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_modern_art_exhibitions_and_museums-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable modern art exhibitions and museums subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_modern_art_exhibitions_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Ecuador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.18</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.19</span> <span>Qatar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.20</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.21</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.22</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.23</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.24</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.25</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.26</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.27</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.28</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Modern art</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderne_kuns" title="Moderne kuns – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moderne kuns" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderne_Kunst" title="Moderne Kunst – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Moderne Kunst" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="فن حديث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فن حديث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_moderno" title="Arte moderno – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arte moderno" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আধুনিক শিল্পকলা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আধুনিক শিল্পকলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Модерно изкуство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Модерно изкуство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_modern" title="Art modern – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art modern" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern%C3%AD_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Moderní umění – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moderní umění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderne_kunst" title="Moderne kunst – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Moderne kunst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderne_Kunst" title="Moderne Kunst – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Moderne Kunst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moodne_kunst" title="Moodne kunst – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Moodne kunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Μοντέρνα τέχνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοντέρνα τέχνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_moderno" title="Arte moderno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arte moderno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_arto" title="Moderna arto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moderna arto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_modernoa" title="Arte modernoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arte modernoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="هنر نوگرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنر نوگرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_moderne" title="Art moderne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art moderne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderne_keunst" title="Moderne keunst – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Moderne keunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eala%C3%ADn_nua-aoiseach" title="Ealaín nua-aoiseach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ealaín nua-aoiseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_moderna" title="Arte moderna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arte moderna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EB%8C%80_%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%A0" title="근대 미술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근대 미술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="आधुनिक कला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आधुनिक कला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_arto" title="Modern arto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Modern arto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_rupa_modern" title="Seni rupa modern – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni rupa modern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_moderna" title="Arte moderna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arte moderna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אמנות מודרנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנות מודרנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern%C4%81_m%C4%81ksla" title="Modernā māksla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Modernā māksla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="فن حديث – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فن حديث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="مدرن آرت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مدرن آرت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderne_kunst" title="Moderne kunst – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moderne kunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93" title="近代美術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近代美術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_mod%C3%A8rne" title="Art modèrne – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Art modèrne" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਕਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਕਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="نوواله هنر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوواله هنر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernizm_(sztuka)" title="Modernizm (sztuka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Modernizm (sztuka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_moderna" title="Arte moderna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arte moderna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C4%83_modern%C4%83" title="Artă modernă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Artă modernă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Модернизм в изобразительном искусстве – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Модернизм в изобразительном искусстве" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Modern art" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern%C3%A9_umenie" title="Moderné umenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Moderné umenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_umetnost" title="Moderna umetnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Moderna umetnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Модерна уметност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Модерна уметност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_umjetnost" title="Moderna umjetnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Moderna umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderni_taide" title="Moderni taide – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Moderni taide" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புத்தியல் ஓவியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புத்தியல் ஓவியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="మాడర్న్ ఆర్ట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాడర్న్ ఆర్ట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="ศิลปะสมัยใหม่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลปะสมัยใหม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_sanat" title="Modern sanat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Modern sanat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Модерне мистецтво – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Модерне мистецтво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt_hi%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i" title="Nghệ thuật hiện đại – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghệ thuật hiện đại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="现代艺术 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="现代艺术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="现代艺术 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="现代艺术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Artistic period from the 1860s–1970s</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about art produced from the 1860s to the 1970s. For art produced from the 1940s to the present, see <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Modern art</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:325px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg/258px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg/387px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg/516px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="3579" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Road_with_Cypress_and_Star" title="Road with Cypress and Star">Country Road in Provence by Night</a>,</i> 1889, May 1890, <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum" title="Kröller-Müller Museum">Kröller-Müller Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:218px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Grandes_Baigneuses,_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne,_Yorck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Les_Grandes_Baigneuses%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/258px-Les_Grandes_Baigneuses%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Les_Grandes_Baigneuses%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/387px-Les_Grandes_Baigneuses%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Les_Grandes_Baigneuses%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/516px-Les_Grandes_Baigneuses%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3176" data-file-height="2687" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bathers_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="The Bathers (Cézanne)">The Large Bathers</a></i>, 1898–1905</div></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Periods and movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Romanesque art">Pre-Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelites" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Raphaelites">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (art)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Decorative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Art of the Middle East</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Mesopotamia" title="Art of Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_art" title="Hittite art">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_art" title="Persian art">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia#Art" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_art" title="Ancient South Arabian art">South Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia#Art" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_art" title="Turkish art">Ottoman</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_art" title="Central Asian art">Art of Central Asia</a></b><br /> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_art" title="History of Asian art">Art of East Asia</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visual art of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_art" title="Tibetan art">Tibetan</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_art" title="History of Asian art">Art of South Asia</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_art" title="Indian art">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_art" title="Bhutanese art">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_art" title="Newar art">Newar</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_arts" title="Southeast Asian arts">Art of Southeast Asia</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_art" title="Indonesian art">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_art" title="Vietnamese art">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_art" title="Thai art">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Myanmar" title="Art of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_art" title="Malaysian art">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_art" title="Cambodian art">Cambodian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_sculpture" title="Khmer sculpture">Khmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_art" title="Lao art">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_Singapore" title="Visual art of Singapore">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_art" title="Bruneian art">Bruneian</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Art of Europe</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_ancient_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of ancient Rus">Rus</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">Art of Africa</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_art" title="Igbo art">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_art" title="Yoruba art">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Benin art">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuba_art" title="Kuba art">Kuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luba_art" title="Luba art">Luba</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Art of the Americas</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_art" title="Pre-Columbian art">Pre-Columbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_art" title="Inuit art">Inuit</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Oceania">Art of Oceania</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_art" title="Cook Islands art">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_art" title="Hawaiian art">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papuan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_art" title="Religious art">Religions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_art" title="Jain art">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_art" title="Sikh art">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_art" title="Taoist art">Taoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou_art" title="Haitian Vodou art">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodun_art" title="Vodun art">Vodun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Techniques</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_arts" title="Graphic arts">Graphic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">Art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">Figurative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_art" title="Funerary art">Funerary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_art" title="Narrative art">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Naturalist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_art_sidebar" title="Template:History of art sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_art_sidebar" title="Template talk:History of art sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_art_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of art sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Modern art</b> includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and <a href="/wiki/Philosophies" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophies">philosophies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> produced during that era.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkins1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsartspeakguidetoc00atki_0page118mode2up_118–119]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkins1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsartspeakguidetoc00atki_0page118mode2up_118–119]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page557mode1up_557]_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page557mode1up_557]-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a>, which was characteristic of the traditional arts, toward <a href="/wiki/Abstraction" title="Abstraction">abstraction</a> is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> or <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern art</a>. </p><p>Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a> all of whom were essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a> and several other young artists including the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">pre-cubists</a> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Vlaminck" title="Maurice de Vlaminck">Maurice de Vlaminck</a> revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild," multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a>. Matisse's two versions of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dance_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dance (painting)">The Dance</a></i> signified a key point in his career and the development of modern painting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClement1996114_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClement1996114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with <a href="/wiki/Primitive_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive art">primitive art</a>: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and <a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">hedonism</a>. </p><p>At the start of <a href="/wiki/20th-century_Western_painting" title="20th-century Western painting">20th-century Western painting</a>, and initially influenced by <a href="/wiki/Toulouse-Lautrec" class="mw-redirect" title="Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauguin">Gauguin</a> and other late-19th-century innovators, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> made his first <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubist</a> paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: <a href="/wiki/Cube" title="Cube">cube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere">sphere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cone_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cone (geometry)">cone</a>. With the painting <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> (1907), Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/African_tribal_masks" class="mw-redirect" title="African tribal masks">African tribal masks</a> and his new Cubist inventions. <a href="/wiki/Analytic_cubism" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytic cubism">Analytic cubism</a> was jointly developed by Picasso and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, exemplified by <i>Violin and Candlestick, Paris,</i> from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism, the first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed by <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cubism" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic cubism">Synthetic cubism</a>, practiced by Braque, Picasso, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> and several other artists into the 1920s. <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cubism" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic cubism">Synthetic cubism</a> is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a> elements, <a href="/wiki/Papier_coll%C3%A9" title="Papier collé">papier collé</a> and a large variety of merged subject matter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobie1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgertrudesteinma004194page104mode2upqsynthetic_103–107]_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobie1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgertrudesteinma004194page104mode2upqsynthetic_103–107]-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn-Steiner2006[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfEFRDAAAQBAJpgPA69_69]_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn-Steiner2006[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfEFRDAAAQBAJpgPA69_69]-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The notion of modern art is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_065.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_065.jpg/220px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_065.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_065.jpg/330px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_065.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_065.jpg/440px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_065.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2123" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, <i>At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing</i>, 1892</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Gauguin-_Manao_tupapau_(The_Spirit_of_the_Dead_Keep_Watch).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Paul_Gauguin-_Manao_tupapau_%28The_Spirit_of_the_Dead_Keep_Watch%29.JPG/220px-Paul_Gauguin-_Manao_tupapau_%28The_Spirit_of_the_Dead_Keep_Watch%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Paul_Gauguin-_Manao_tupapau_%28The_Spirit_of_the_Dead_Keep_Watch%29.JPG/330px-Paul_Gauguin-_Manao_tupapau_%28The_Spirit_of_the_Dead_Keep_Watch%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Paul_Gauguin-_Manao_tupapau_%28The_Spirit_of_the_Dead_Keep_Watch%29.JPG/440px-Paul_Gauguin-_Manao_tupapau_%28The_Spirit_of_the_Dead_Keep_Watch%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4527" data-file-height="3572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Dead_Watching" title="Spirit of the Dead Watching">Spirit of the Dead Watching</a></i> 1892, <a href="/wiki/Albright-Knox_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Albright-Knox Art Gallery">Albright-Knox Art Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Seurat_-_Les_Poseuses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Georges_Seurat_-_Les_Poseuses.jpg/220px-Georges_Seurat_-_Les_Poseuses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Georges_Seurat_-_Les_Poseuses.jpg/330px-Georges_Seurat_-_Les_Poseuses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Georges_Seurat_-_Les_Poseuses.jpg/440px-Georges_Seurat_-_Les_Poseuses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Models_(painting)" title="Models (painting)">Models</a></i> (<i>Les Poseuses</i>), 1886–88, <a href="/wiki/Barnes_Foundation" title="Barnes Foundation">Barnes Foundation</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvard_Munch,_1893,_The_Scream,_oil,_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard,_91_x_73_cm,_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg/220px-Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg/330px-Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg/440px-Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scream" title="The Scream">The Scream</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>, 1893</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Family_of_Saltimbanques.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/Family_of_Saltimbanques.JPG/220px-Family_of_Saltimbanques.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/Family_of_Saltimbanques.JPG/330px-Family_of_Saltimbanques.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/Family_of_Saltimbanques.JPG/440px-Family_of_Saltimbanques.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Saltimbanques" title="Family of Saltimbanques">Family of Saltimbanques</a></i>, 1905, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC.">Washington, DC.</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1907,_Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques,_oil_on_canvas,_74_x_99_cm,_Mus%C3%A9e_d%E2%80%99Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1907%2C_Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_74_x_99_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%E2%80%99Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg/220px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1907%2C_Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_74_x_99_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%E2%80%99Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1907%2C_Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_74_x_99_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%E2%80%99Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg/330px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1907%2C_Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_74_x_99_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%E2%80%99Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1907%2C_Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_74_x_99_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%E2%80%99Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg/440px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1907%2C_Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_74_x_99_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%E2%80%99Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Paysage_color%C3%A9_aux_oiseaux_aquatiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Paysage coloré aux oiseaux aquatiques">Paysage coloré aux oiseaux aquatiques</a></i>, 1907, oil on canvas, 74 × 99 cm, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egon_Schiele_-_Gustav_Klimt_im_blauen_Malerkittel_-_1913.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Egon_Schiele_-_Gustav_Klimt_im_blauen_Malerkittel_-_1913.jpeg/220px-Egon_Schiele_-_Gustav_Klimt_im_blauen_Malerkittel_-_1913.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Egon_Schiele_-_Gustav_Klimt_im_blauen_Malerkittel_-_1913.jpeg/330px-Egon_Schiele_-_Gustav_Klimt_im_blauen_Malerkittel_-_1913.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Egon_Schiele_-_Gustav_Klimt_im_blauen_Malerkittel_-_1913.jpeg/440px-Egon_Schiele_-_Gustav_Klimt_im_blauen_Malerkittel_-_1913.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3354" data-file-height="5088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Egon Schiele</a>, <i>Klimt in a light Blue Smock</i>, 1913</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chagall_IandTheVillage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Chagall_IandTheVillage.jpg/220px-Chagall_IandTheVillage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Chagall_IandTheVillage.jpg/330px-Chagall_IandTheVillage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Chagall_IandTheVillage.jpg/440px-Chagall_IandTheVillage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/I_and_the_Village" title="I and the Village">I and the Village</a></i>, 1911</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malevich.black-square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Malevich.black-square.jpg/220px-Malevich.black-square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Malevich.black-square.jpg/330px-Malevich.black-square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Malevich.black-square.jpg/440px-Malevich.black-square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kasimir_Malevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasimir Malevich">Kasimir Malevich</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Square_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Square (painting)">Black Square</a></i>, 1915</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcel_Duchamp,_1917,_Fountain,_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg/220px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg/330px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg/440px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i>, 1917. Photograph by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vassily_Kandinsky,_1923_-_On_White_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vassily_Kandinsky%2C_1923_-_On_White_II.jpg/220px-Vassily_Kandinsky%2C_1923_-_On_White_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vassily_Kandinsky%2C_1923_-_On_White_II.jpg/330px-Vassily_Kandinsky%2C_1923_-_On_White_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vassily_Kandinsky%2C_1923_-_On_White_II.jpg/440px-Vassily_Kandinsky%2C_1923_-_On_White_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a>, <i>On White II</i>, 1923</figcaption></figure> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edouard_Manet_-_Luncheon_on_the_Grass_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Edouard_Manet_-_Luncheon_on_the_Grass_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Edouard_Manet_-_Luncheon_on_the_Grass_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Edouard_Manet_-_Luncheon_on_the_Grass_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Edouard_Manet_-_Luncheon_on_the_Grass_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Edouard_Manet_-_Luncheon_on_the_Grass_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Edouard_Manet_-_Luncheon_on_the_Grass_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5649" data-file-height="4389" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_d%C3%A9jeuner_sur_l%27herbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Le déjeuner sur l'herbe">The Luncheon on the Grass</a></i> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le déjeuner sur l'herbe</i></span>), 1863, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roots_in_the_19th_century">Roots in the 19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roots in the 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boy_Blowing_Bubbles_Edouard_Manet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Boy_Blowing_Bubbles_Edouard_Manet.jpg/180px-Boy_Blowing_Bubbles_Edouard_Manet.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Boy_Blowing_Bubbles_Edouard_Manet.jpg/271px-Boy_Blowing_Bubbles_Edouard_Manet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Boy_Blowing_Bubbles_Edouard_Manet.jpg/360px-Boy_Blowing_Bubbles_Edouard_Manet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="2762" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Blowing_Bubbles" title="Boy Blowing Bubbles">Boy Blowing Bubbles</a></i>, 1867, <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Museum" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Museum">Calouste Gulbenkian Museum</a></figcaption></figure><p> Although modern <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the 19th century, the beginnings of modern <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> can be located earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a> is considered by many as the Father of Modern Painting without being a Modernist himself, a fact of art history that later painters associated with Modernism as a style, acknowledge him as an influence.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date perhaps most commonly identified as marking the birth of modern art as a movement is 1863,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the year that <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a> showed his painting <i><a href="/wiki/Le_d%C3%A9jeuner_sur_l%27herbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Le déjeuner sur l'herbe">Le déjeuner sur l'herbe</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Refus%C3%A9s" title="Salon des Refusés">Salon des Refusés</a> in Paris. Earlier dates have also been proposed, among them 1855 (the year <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a> exhibited <i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist%27s_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="The Artist's Studio">The Artist's Studio</a></i>) and 1784 (the year <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a> completed his painting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oath_of_the_Horatii" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oath of the Horatii">The Oath of the Horatii</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the words of art historian <a href="/wiki/H._Harvard_Arnason" title="H. Harvard Arnason">H. Harvard Arnason</a>: "Each of these dates has significance for the development of modern art, but none categorically marks a completely new beginning .... A gradual metamorphosis took place in the course of a hundred years."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"></p><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:365px;max-width:365px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:96px;max-width:96px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Multi-colored portrait of a far eastern courtesan with elaborate hair ornamentation, colorful robelike garment, and a border depicting marshland waters and reeds." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg/94px-Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg/141px-Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg/188px-Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4582" data-file-height="7648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <i>Courtesan (after <a href="/wiki/Keisai_Eisen" title="Keisai Eisen">Eisen</a>)</i> (1887), <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum" title="Van Gogh Museum">Van Gogh Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of a tree with blossoms and with far eastern alphabet letters both in the portrait and along the left and right borders." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/133px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/266px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4755" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <i>The Blooming Plumtree (after <a href="/wiki/Hiroshige" title="Hiroshige">Hiroshige</a>)</i> (1887), <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum" title="Van Gogh Museum">Van Gogh Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of a man of a bearded man facing forward, holding his own hands in his lap; wearing a hat, blue coat, beige collared shirt, and brown pants; sitting in front of a background with various tiles of far eastern and nature-themed art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG/126px-Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG" decoding="async" width="126" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG/189px-Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG/252px-Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1008" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_P%C3%A8re_Tanguy" title="Portrait of Père Tanguy">Portrait of Père Tanguy</a></i> (1887), <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Rodin" title="Musée Rodin">Musée Rodin</a></div></div></div></div></div><p>The strands of thought that eventually led to modern art can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern art critic <a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Clement Greenberg</a>, for instance, called <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> "the first real Modernist" but also drew a distinction: "The Enlightenment criticized from the outside ... . Modernism criticizes from the inside."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmodernartmoderni00fraspage5mode1up_5]_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmodernartmoderni00fraspage5mode1up_5]-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> of 1789 uprooted assumptions and institutions that had for centuries been accepted with little question and accustomed the public to vigorous political and social debate. This gave rise to what art historian <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Gombrich" title="Ernst Gombrich">Ernst Gombrich</a> called a "self-consciousness that made people select the style of their building as one selects the pattern of a wallpaper."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page477mode1up_477]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page477mode1up_477]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pioneers of modern art were <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Realism_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism (visual arts)">Realists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page22mode1up_22]_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page22mode1up_22]-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (April 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> By the late 19th century, additional movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: <a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a>. </p><p>Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly <a href="/wiki/Japonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonism">Japanese printmaking</a>, to the coloristic innovations of <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a>, to a search for more <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a> in the depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet" title="Jean-François Millet">Jean-François Millet</a>. The advocates of realism stood against the <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">idealism</a> of the tradition-bound <a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">academic art</a> that enjoyed public and official favor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorinthSchusterVitaliButts199625_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorinthSchusterVitaliButts199625-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions or through large public exhibitions of their work. There were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts. </p><p>The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects but only the light that they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural light (<a href="/wiki/En_plein_air" title="En plein air">en plein air</a>) rather than in studios and should capture the effects of light in their work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECogniat197561_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECogniat197561-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Impressionist artists formed a group, <i>Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs</i> ("Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") which, despite internal tensions, mounted a series of independent exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECogniat197543–49_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECogniat197543–49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The style was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">"movement."</a> These traits—establishment of a working method integral to the art, the establishment of a movement or visible active core of support, and international adoption—would be repeated by artistic movements in the Modern period in art. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg/220px-Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg/330px-Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg/440px-Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> 1907, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_danse_(I)_by_Matisse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/La_danse_%28I%29_by_Matisse.jpg/220px-La_danse_%28I%29_by_Matisse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/La_danse_%28I%29_by_Matisse.jpg/330px-La_danse_%28I%29_by_Matisse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/La_danse_%28I%29_by_Matisse.jpg/440px-La_danse_%28I%29_by_Matisse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="1318" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance I</a></i>, 1909, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Among the movements that flowered in the first decade of the 20th century were <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Futurism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurism (art)">Futurism</a>. </p><p>Futurism took off in Italy a couple years before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> with the publication of <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Filippo Tommaso Marinetti</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Futurism" title="Manifesto of Futurism">Futurist Manifesto</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Benedetta_Cappa" title="Benedetta Cappa">Benedetta Cappa Marinetti</a>, wife of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, created the second wave of the artistic movement started by her husband. "Largely thanks to Benedetta, her husband F.T. Marinetti re orchestrated the shifting ideologies of Futurism to embrace feminine elements of intuition, spirituality, and the mystical forces of the earth."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She painted up until his death and spent the rest of her days tending to the spread and growth of this period in Italian art, which celebrated technology, speed and all things new. </p><p>During the years between 1910 and the end of World War I and after the heyday of <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubism</a>, several movements emerged in Paris. <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a> moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea (the poet and painter known as <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Savinio" title="Alberto Savinio">Alberto Savinio</a>). Through his brother, he met Pierre Laprade, a member of the jury at the <a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a> where he exhibited three of his dreamlike works: <i>Enigma of the Oracle</i>, <i>Enigma of an Afternoon</i> and <i>Self-Portrait</i>. In 1913 he exhibited his work at the <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a> and Salon d'Automne, and his work was noticed by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a>, and several others. His compelling and mysterious paintings are considered instrumental to the early beginnings of <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Love_(Giorgio_de_Chirico)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song of Love (Giorgio de Chirico)">Song of Love</a></i> (1914) is one of the most famous works by de Chirico and is an early example of the <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealist</a> style, though it was painted ten years before the movement was "founded" by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a> in 1924. The <a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a>, centered in <a href="/wiki/Montparnasse" title="Montparnasse">Montparnasse</a> flourished between the two world wars. </p><p>World War I brought an end to this phase but indicated the beginning of many <a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">anti-art</a> movements, such as <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a>, including the work of <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, and of <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>. Artist groups like <a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">de Stijl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> developed new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design, and art education. </p><p>Modern art was introduced to the United States with the <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a> in 1913 and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War I. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was only after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, however, that the U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaunders2013_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaunders2013-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract Expressionism">Abstract Expressionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Color_field_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Color field painting">Color field painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual artists</a> of <a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minimal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimal art">Minimal art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyrical_Abstraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyrical Abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">video art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a> and various other movements. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance art</a>, conceptual art, and other new art forms attracted the attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullins200614_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullins200614-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larger <a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">installations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performances</a> became widespread. </p><p>By the end of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "the end of painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Crimp" title="Douglas Crimp">Douglas Crimp</a>), <a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">new media art</a> had become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as <a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">video art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullins20069_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullins20069-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Painting assumed renewed importance in the 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise of <a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">neo-expressionism</a> and the revival of <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative painting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullins200614–15_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullins200614–15-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the 20th century, many artists and architects started questioning the idea of "the modern" and created typically <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern works</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJencks1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(April_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJencks1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(April_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_movements_and_artist_groups">Art movements and artist groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Art movements and artist groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>(Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.)</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic movement">Romantic movement</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco de Goya">Francisco de Goya</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Corot" class="mw-redirect" title="Camille Corot">Camille Corot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet" title="Jean-François Millet">Jean-François Millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Bonheur" title="Rosa Bonheur">Rosa Bonheur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Holman_Hunt" title="William Holman Hunt">William Holman Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Everett_Millais" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fattori" title="Giovanni Fattori">Giovanni Fattori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvestro_Lega" title="Silvestro Lega">Silvestro Lega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telemaco_Signorini" title="Telemaco Signorini">Telemaco Signorini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bazille" title="Frédéric Bazille">Frédéric Bazille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Guillaumin" title="Armand Guillaumin">Armand Guillaumin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berthe_Morisot" title="Berthe Morisot">Berthe Morisot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Henri Rousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri-Jean_Guillaume_Martin" title="Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin">Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lebourg" title="Albert Lebourg">Albert Lebourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Antoine_Pinchon" title="Robert Antoine Pinchon">Robert Antoine Pinchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Luce" title="Maximilien Luce">Maximilien Luce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri-Edmond_Cross" title="Henri-Edmond Cross">Henri-Edmond Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Previati" title="Gaetano Previati">Gaetano Previati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Segantini" title="Giovanni Segantini">Giovanni Segantini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pellizza_da_Volpedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellizza da Volpedo">Pellizza da Volpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Moreau" title="Gustave Moreau">Gustave Moreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Odilon Redon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Whistler" class="mw-redirect" title="James Whistler">James Whistler</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">James Ensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Pierre Bonnard</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Édouard Vuillard</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Vallotton" title="Félix Vallotton">Félix Vallotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Denis" title="Maurice Denis">Maurice Denis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_S%C3%A9rusier" title="Paul Sérusier">Paul Sérusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> and variants – <a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Secession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Style">Modern Style</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Beardsley" title="Aubrey Beardsley">Aubrey Beardsley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Mucha" title="Alphonse Mucha">Alphonse Mucha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klimt" title="Gustav Klimt">Gustav Klimt</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wagner" title="Otto Wagner">Otto Wagner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Werkst%C3%A4tte" title="Wiener Werkstätte">Wiener Werkstätte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Hoffmann" title="Josef Hoffmann">Josef Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Adolf Loos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koloman_Moser" title="Koloman Moser">Koloman Moser</a></li> <li>Early <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">Modernist</a> <a href="/wiki/Sculptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculptors">sculptors</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Maillol" title="Aristide Maillol">Aristide Maillol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century_(before_World_War_I)"><span id="Early_20th_century_.28before_World_War_I.29"></span>Early 20th century (before World War I)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early 20th century (before World War I)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Sonia Delaunay</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_Survage" title="Léopold Survage">Léopold Survage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Piet Mondrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Kazimir Malevich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilma_af_Klint" title="Hilma af Klint">Hilma af Klint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Vlaminck" title="Maurice de Vlaminck">Maurice de Vlaminck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Dongen" title="Kees van Dongen">Kees van Dongen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> and related – <a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Ernst Ludwig Kirchner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Franz Marc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Egon Schiele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Oskar Kokoschka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Emil Nolde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axel_T%C3%B6rneman" title="Axel Törneman">Axel Törneman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schmidt-Rottluff" title="Karl Schmidt-Rottluff">Karl Schmidt-Rottluff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Pechstein" title="Max Pechstein">Max Pechstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurism (art)">Futurism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Filippo Tommaso Marinetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedetta_Cappa_Marinetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedetta Cappa Marinetti">Benedetta Cappa Marinetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Balla" title="Giacomo Balla">Giacomo Balla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Umberto Boccioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Carr%C3%A0" title="Carlo Carrà">Carlo Carrà</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Natalia Goncharova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Larionov" title="Mikhail Larionov">Mikhail Larionov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Sonia Delaunay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Kazimir Malevich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rodchenko" title="Alexander Rodchenko">Alexander Rodchenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanton_Macdonald-Wright" title="Stanton Macdonald-Wright">Stanton Macdonald-Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Russell" title="Morgan Russell">Morgan Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis" title="Wyndham Lewis">Wyndham Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lipchitz" title="Jacques Lipchitz">Jacques Lipchitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossip_Zadkine" title="Ossip Zadkine">Ossip Zadkine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Laurens" title="Henri Laurens">Henri Laurens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elie_Nadelman" title="Elie Nadelman">Elie Nadelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Gross" title="Chaim Gross">Chaim Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chana_Orloff" title="Chana Orloff">Chana Orloff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Miklos" title="Gustave Miklos">Gustave Miklos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle" title="Antoine Bourdelle">Antoine Bourdelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_to_World_War_II">World War I to World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War I to World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">René Magritte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Masson" title="André Masson">André Masson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> and related: <a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Soutine" title="Chaïm Soutine">Chaim Soutine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Mintchine" title="Abraham Mintchine">Abraham Mintchine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Frenkel" title="Yitzhak Frenkel">Isaac Frenkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittura_Metafisica" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittura Metafisica">Pittura Metafisica</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Carr%C3%A0" title="Carlo Carrà">Carlo Carrà</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Morandi" title="Giorgio Morandi">Giorgio Morandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Theo van Doesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Piet Mondrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_Beckmann" title="Max Beckmann">Max Beckmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Otto Dix</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Figurative painting">Figurative painting</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Pierre Bonnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Modernism">American Modernism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Davis_(painter)" title="Stuart Davis (painter)">Stuart Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G._Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur G. Dove">Arthur G. Dove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsden_Hartley" title="Marsden Hartley">Marsden Hartley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Naum_Gabo" title="Naum Gabo">Naum Gabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klutsis" title="Gustav Klutsis">Gustav Klutsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Moholy-Nagy" title="László Moholy-Nagy">László Moholy-Nagy</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasimir_Malevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasimir Malevich">Kasimir Malevich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Meller" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadim Meller">Vadim Meller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rodchenko" title="Alexander Rodchenko">Alexander Rodchenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Vladimir Tatlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Josef Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Colourists" title="Scottish Colourists">Scottish Colourists</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Cadell_(artist)" title="Francis Cadell (artist)">Francis Cadell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Peploe" title="Samuel Peploe">Samuel Peploe</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hunter_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Hunter (painter)">Leslie Hunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_Fergusson" title="John Duncan Fergusson">John Duncan Fergusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Grant Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walker_Evans" title="Walker Evans">Walker Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sheeler" title="Charles Sheeler">Charles Sheeler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Charles Demuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boychukism" title="Boychukism">Boychukism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Boychuk" title="Mykhailo Boychuk">Mykhailo Boychuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofiya_Nalepinska-Boychuk" title="Sofiya Nalepinska-Boychuk">Sofiya Nalepinska-Boychuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Padalka" title="Ivan Padalka">Ivan Padalka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Sedlyar" title="Vasily Sedlyar">Vasily Sedlyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Alberto Giacometti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Lachaise" title="Gaston Lachaise">Gaston Lachaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(sculptor)" title="Julio González (sculptor)">Julio Gonzalez</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II_2">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">Figuratifs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Buffet" title="Bernard Buffet">Bernard Buffet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Carzou" title="Jean Carzou">Jean Carzou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Boitel" title="Maurice Boitel">Maurice Boitel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_du_Janerand" title="Daniel du Janerand">Daniel du Janerand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude-Max_Lochu" title="Claude-Max Lochu">Claude-Max Lochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Smith_(sculptor)" title="David Smith (sculptor)">David Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Smith_(sculptor)" title="Tony Smith (sculptor)">Tony Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hunt_(sculptor)" title="Richard Hunt (sculptor)">Richard Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Noguchi" title="Isamu Noguchi">Isamu Noguchi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELander2006_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELander2006-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Alberto Giacometti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Anthony_Caro" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Anthony Caro">Sir Anthony Caro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dubuffet" title="Jean Dubuffet">Jean Dubuffet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Witkin" title="Isaac Witkin">Isaac Witkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Ich%C3%A9" title="René Iché">René Iché</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marino_Marini_(sculptor)" title="Marino Marini (sculptor)">Marino Marini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Nevelson" title="Louise Nevelson">Louise Nevelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Vrana" title="Albert Vrana">Albert Vrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mitchell" title="Joan Mitchell">Joan Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arshile_Gorky" title="Arshile Gorky">Arshile Gorky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Hofmann" title="Hans Hofmann">Hans Hofmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kline" title="Franz Kline">Franz Kline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Motherwell" title="Robert Motherwell">Robert Motherwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clyfford_Still" title="Clyfford Still">Clyfford Still</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Krasner" title="Lee Krasner">Lee Krasner</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Abstract_Artists" title="American Abstract Artists">American Abstract Artists</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Bolotowsky" title="Ilya Bolotowsky">Ilya Bolotowsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibram_Lassaw" title="Ibram Lassaw">Ibram Lassaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ad_Reinhardt" title="Ad Reinhardt">Ad Reinhardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Josef Albers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgoyne_Diller" title="Burgoyne Diller">Burgoyne Diller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Outsider Art">Art Brut</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_W%C3%B6lfli" title="Adolf Wölfli">Adolf Wölfli</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Natterer" title="August Natterer">August Natterer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Cheval" title="Ferdinand Cheval">Ferdinand Cheval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madge_Gill" title="Madge Gill">Madge Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jannis_Kounellis" title="Jannis Kounellis">Jannis Kounellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Fabro" title="Luciano Fabro">Luciano Fabro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Merz" title="Mario Merz">Mario Merz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piero_Manzoni" title="Piero Manzoni">Piero Manzoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alighiero_Boetti" title="Alighiero Boetti">Alighiero Boetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Color field painting">Color field painting</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barnett_Newman" title="Barnett Newman">Barnett Newman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rothko" title="Mark Rothko">Mark Rothko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Gottlieb" title="Adolph Gottlieb">Adolph Gottlieb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis" title="Sam Francis">Sam Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morris_Louis" title="Morris Louis">Morris Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Noland" title="Kenneth Noland">Kenneth Noland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Olitski" title="Jules Olitski">Jules Olitski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dubuffet" title="Jean Dubuffet">Jean Dubuffet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soulages" title="Pierre Soulages">Pierre Soulages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Hartung" title="Hans Hartung">Hans Hartung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Merwart" title="Ludwig Merwart">Ludwig Merwart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(avant-garde_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="COBRA (avant-garde movement)">COBRA</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Alechinsky" title="Pierre Alechinsky">Pierre Alechinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karel_Appel" title="Karel Appel">Karel Appel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Graham" title="Dan Graham">Dan Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Weiner" title="Lawrence Weiner">Lawrence Weiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Buren" title="Daniel Buren">Daniel Buren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Burgin" title="Victor Burgin">Victor Burgin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sol_LeWitt" title="Sol LeWitt">Sol LeWitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-collage" class="mw-redirect" title="De-collage">De-collage</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mimmo_Rotella" title="Mimmo Rotella">Mimmo Rotella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Chamberlain_(sculptor)" title="John Chamberlain (sculptor)">John Chamberlain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Bontecou" title="Lee Bontecou">Lee Bontecou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kienholz" title="Edward Kienholz">Edward Kienholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">Figurative Expressionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Larry_Rivers" title="Larry Rivers">Larry Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grace_Hartigan" title="Grace Hartigan">Grace Hartigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_de_Kooning" title="Elaine de Kooning">Elaine de Kooning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert De Niro, Sr.">Robert De Niro, Sr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Johnson_(artist)" title="Lester Johnson (artist)">Lester Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_McNeil_(artist)" title="George McNeil (artist)">George McNeil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earle_M._Pilgrim" title="Earle M. Pilgrim">Earle M. Pilgrim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_M%C3%BCller_(artist)" title="Jan Müller (artist)">Jan Müller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beauchamp" title="Robert Beauchamp">Robert Beauchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Thompson_(painter)" title="Bob Thompson (painter)">Bob Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist Art</a> — <a href="/wiki/Eva_Hesse" title="Eva Hesse">Eva Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kruger" title="Barbara Kruger">Barbara Kruger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Edelson" title="Mary Beth Edelson">Mary Beth Edelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewa_Partum" title="Ewa Partum">Ewa Partum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valie_Export" title="Valie Export">Valie Export</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Sherman" title="Cindy Sherman">Cindy Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiki_Smith" title="Kiki Smith">Kiki Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_Girls" title="Guerrilla Girls">Guerrilla Girls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Wilke" title="Hannah Wilke">Hannah Wilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Maciunas" title="George Maciunas">George Maciunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nam_June_Paik" title="Nam June Paik">Nam June Paik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Spoerri" title="Daniel Spoerri">Daniel Spoerri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dieter_Roth" title="Dieter Roth">Dieter Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carolee_Schneeman" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolee Schneeman">Carolee Schneeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison_Knowles" title="Alison Knowles">Alison Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Moorman" title="Charlotte Moorman">Charlotte Moorman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Higgins" title="Dick Higgins">Dick Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a> – <a href="/wiki/Allan_Kaprow" title="Allan Kaprow">Allan Kaprow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claes_Oldenburg" title="Claes Oldenburg">Claes Oldenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Dine" title="Jim Dine">Jim Dine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Grooms" title="Red Grooms">Red Grooms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nam_June_Paik" title="Nam June Paik">Nam June Paik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Moorman" title="Charlotte Moorman">Charlotte Moorman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Whitman" title="Robert Whitman">Robert Whitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dau-al-Set" class="mw-redirect" title="Dau-al-Set">Dau-al-Set</a> – founded in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> by poet/artist <a href="/wiki/Joan_Brossa" title="Joan Brossa">Joan Brossa</a>, – <a href="/wiki/Antoni_T%C3%A0pies" title="Antoni Tàpies">Antoni Tàpies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_El_Paso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo El Paso (page does not exist)">Grupo El Paso</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso_(grupo)" class="extiw" title="es:El Paso (grupo)">es</a>; <a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso_(col%C2%B7lectiu)" class="extiw" title="ca:El Paso (col·lectiu)">ca</a>; <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_El_Paso" class="extiw" title="pl:Grupa El Paso">pl</a>]</span> – founded in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> by artists <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Saura" title="Antonio Saura">Antonio Saura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Serrano" title="Pablo Serrano">Pablo Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_abstraction" title="Geometric abstraction">Geometric abstraction</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Kazimir Malevich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Afonso" title="Nadir Afonso">Nadir Afonso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manlio_Rho" title="Manlio Rho">Manlio Rho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Radice" title="Mario Radice">Mario Radice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mino_Argento" title="Mino Argento">Mino Argento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Szentp%C3%A9tery" title="Adam Szentpétery">Adam Szentpétery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(artist)" title="John McLaughlin (artist)">John McLaughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Kelly" title="Ellsworth Kelly">Ellsworth Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Held" title="Al Held">Al Held</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Davis" title="Ronald Davis">Ronald Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Rickey" title="George Rickey">George Rickey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Getulio_Alviani" title="Getulio Alviani">Getulio Alviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ana_Mendieta" title="Ana Mendieta">Ana Mendieta</a>, Christo, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Long_(artist)" title="Richard Long (artist)">Richard Long</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smithson" title="Robert Smithson">Robert Smithson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heizer" title="Michael Heizer">Michael Heizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Automatistes" title="Les Automatistes">Les Automatistes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Gauvreau" title="Claude Gauvreau">Claude Gauvreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Riopelle" title="Jean-Paul Riopelle">Jean-Paul Riopelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gauvreau" title="Pierre Gauvreau">Pierre Gauvreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Leduc" title="Fernand Leduc">Fernand Leduc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Mousseau" title="Jean-Paul Mousseau">Jean-Paul Mousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcelle_Ferron" title="Marcelle Ferron">Marcelle Ferron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimal art">Minimal art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sol_LeWitt" title="Sol LeWitt">Sol LeWitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Judd" title="Donald Judd">Donald Judd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Flavin" title="Dan Flavin">Dan Flavin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Serra" title="Richard Serra">Richard Serra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Martin" title="Agnes Martin">Agnes Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eva_Hesse" title="Eva Hesse">Eva Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Benglis" title="Lynda Benglis">Lynda Benglis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Landfield" title="Ronnie Landfield">Ronnie Landfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Gilliam" title="Sam Gilliam">Sam Gilliam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Zox" title="Larry Zox">Larry Zox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Christensen" title="Dan Christensen">Dan Christensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natvar_Bhavsar" title="Natvar Bhavsar">Natvar Bhavsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Poons" title="Larry Poons">Larry Poons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-figurative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-figurative">Neo-figurative art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Botero" title="Fernando Botero">Fernando Botero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Berni" title="Antonio Berni">Antonio Berni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Baselitz" title="Georg Baselitz">Georg Baselitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Kiefer" title="Anselm Kiefer">Anselm Kiefer</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Immendorff" title="Jörg Immendorff">Jörg Immendorff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transavanguardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transavanguardia">Transavanguardia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Clemente" title="Francesco Clemente">Francesco Clemente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mimmo_Paladino" title="Mimmo Paladino">Mimmo Paladino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Chia" title="Sandro Chia">Sandro Chia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Cucchi" title="Enzo Cucchi">Enzo Cucchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figuration_libre" class="mw-redirect" title="Figuration libre">Figuration libre</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Di_Rosa" title="Hervé Di Rosa">Hervé Di Rosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boisrond" class="mw-redirect" title="François Boisrond">François Boisrond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Combas" title="Robert Combas">Robert Combas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="New realism">New realism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yves_Klein" title="Yves Klein">Yves Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Restany" title="Pierre Restany">Pierre Restany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arman" title="Arman">Arman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victor_Vasarely" title="Victor Vasarely">Victor Vasarely</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Riley" title="Bridget Riley">Bridget Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Anuszkiewicz" title="Richard Anuszkiewicz">Richard Anuszkiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Steele_(artist)" title="Jeffrey Steele (artist)">Jeffrey Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Finster" title="Howard Finster">Howard Finster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grandma_Moses" title="Grandma Moses">Grandma Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Justin" title="Bob Justin">Bob Justin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Flack" title="Audrey Flack">Audrey Flack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Close" title="Chuck Close">Chuck Close</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duane_Hanson" title="Duane Hanson">Duane Hanson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Estes" title="Richard Estes">Richard Estes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Morley" title="Malcolm Morley">Malcolm Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamilton_(artist)" title="Richard Hamilton (artist)">Richard Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Indiana" title="Robert Indiana">Robert Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Ruscha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Ruscha">Ed Ruscha</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hockney" title="David Hockney">David Hockney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar">Postwar</a> European <a href="/wiki/Figurative_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Figurative painting">figurative painting</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Freud" title="Lucian Freud">Lucian Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Bacon (painter)">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Auerbach" title="Frank Auerbach">Frank Auerbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Richter" title="Gerhard Richter">Gerhard Richter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luc_Tuymans" title="Luc Tuymans">Luc Tuymans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dumas" title="Marlene Dumas">Marlene Dumas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo_Rauch" title="Neo Rauch">Neo Rauch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bracha_Ettinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracha Ettinger">Bracha Ettinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micha%C3%ABl_Borremans" title="Michaël Borremans">Michaël Borremans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ofili" title="Chris Ofili">Chris Ofili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaped_canvas" title="Shaped canvas">Shaped canvas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Noland" title="Kenneth Noland">Kenneth Noland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Davis" title="Ronald Davis">Ron Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mangold" title="Robert Mangold">Robert Mangold</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_art" title="Soviet art">Soviet art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Deyneka" title="Aleksandr Deyneka">Aleksandr Deyneka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Gerasimov_(painter)" title="Aleksandr Gerasimov (painter)">Aleksandr Gerasimov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Kabakov" title="Ilya Kabakov">Ilya Kabakov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komar_%26_Melamid" class="mw-redirect" title="Komar & Melamid">Komar & Melamid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandr_Zhdanov" title="Alexandr Zhdanov">Alexandr Zhdanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Sokov" title="Leonid Sokov">Leonid Sokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucio_Fontana" title="Lucio Fontana">Lucio Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nam_June_Paik" title="Nam June Paik">Nam June Paik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Viola" title="Bill Viola">Bill Viola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Breder" title="Hans Breder">Hans Breder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fuchs_(artist)" title="Ernst Fuchs (artist)">Ernst Fuchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Laffoley" title="Paul Laffoley">Paul Laffoley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bowen_(artist)" title="Michael Bowen (artist)">Michael Bowen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_modern_art_exhibitions_and_museums">Notable modern art exhibitions and museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable modern art exhibitions and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/Museums_of_modern_art" title="Museums of modern art">Museums of modern art</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria">Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Museum" title="Leopold Museum">Leopold Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SMAK" class="mw-redirect" title="SMAK">SMAK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museu_de_Arte_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu de Arte de São Paulo">MASP</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Paulo (city)">SP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_de_Arte_Moderna_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo">MAM/SP</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Paulo (city)">SP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro">MAM/RJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio de Janeiro (city)">RJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_of_Bahia" title="Museum of Modern Art of Bahia">MAM/BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador, Bahia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombia">Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Bogotá Museum of Modern Art">Bogotá Museum of Modern Art (MAMBO)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87_Gallery" title="Ivan Meštrović Gallery">Ivan Meštrović Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Split_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split (city)">Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Gallery,_Zagreb" title="Modern Gallery, Zagreb">Modern Gallery, Zagreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Zagreb" title="Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb">Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ecuador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Antropologico_y_de_Arte_Contemporaneo" title="Museo Antropologico y de Arte Contemporaneo">Museo Antropologico y de Arte Contemporaneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Capilla_del_Hombre" title="La Capilla del Hombre">La Capilla del Hombre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EMMA_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="EMMA (museum)">EMMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiasma" title="Kiasma">Kiasma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Montsoreau-Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art">Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montsoreau" title="Montsoreau">Montsoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille_M%C3%A9tropole_Museum_of_Modern,_Contemporary_and_Outsider_Art" title="Lille Métropole Museum of Modern, Contemporary and Outsider Art">Lille Métropole Museum of Modern, Contemporary and Outsider Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villeneuve_d%27Ascq" class="mw-redirect" title="Villeneuve d'Ascq">Villeneuve d'Ascq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a>, Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris</a>, Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a>, Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso" title="Musée Picasso">Musée Picasso</a>, Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Museum_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art" title="Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art">Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27art_moderne_de_Troyes" title="Musée d'art moderne de Troyes">Musée d'art moderne de Troyes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_Art_exhibition" title="Degenerate Art exhibition">Degenerate Art exhibition</a>, a touring exhibition of modern art held in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> to <a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">condemn</a> modern art</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documenta" title="Documenta">documenta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>, an exhibition of modern and contemporary art held every 5 years</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Ludwig" title="Museum Ludwig">Museum Ludwig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinakothek_der_Moderne" title="Pinakothek der Moderne">Pinakothek der Moderne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="National Gallery of Modern Art">National Gallery of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Mumbai" title="National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai">National Gallery of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Bangalore" title="National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore">National Gallery of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art">Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lane_Gallery" title="Hugh Lane Gallery">Hugh Lane Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Irish Museum of Modern Art">Irish Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art" title="Tel Aviv Museum of Art">Tel Aviv Museum of Art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_delle_Esposizioni" title="Palazzo delle Esposizioni">Palazzo delle Esposizioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_d%27Arte_Moderna" title="Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna">Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice Biennial">Venice Biennial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pitti" title="Palazzo Pitti">Palazzo Pitti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Novecento" title="Museo del Novecento">Museo del Novecento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museo_de_Arte_Moderno" title="Museo de Arte Moderno">Museo de Arte Moderno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Federal District">México D.F.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum" title="Van Gogh Museum">Van Gogh Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stedelijk_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Stedelijk Museum">Stedelijk Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art">Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henie-Onstad_Art_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henie-Onstad Art Centre">Henie-Onstad Art Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Art_in_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Art in Łódź">Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, Kraków">National Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qatar">Qatar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Qatar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathaf">Mathaf</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Museum_of_Modern_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Museum of Modern Art">Arab Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_(Romania)" title="National Museum of Contemporary Art (Romania)">National Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkin_Museum" title="Pushkin Museum">Pushkin Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tretyakov_Gallery" title="Tretyakov Gallery">Tretyakov Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Belgrade" title="Museum of Contemporary Art, Belgrade">Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museu_d%27Art_Contemporani_de_Barcelona" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona">Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyssen-Bornemisza_Museum" title="Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum">Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Valenci%C3%A0_d%27Art_Modern" title="Institut Valencià d'Art Modern">Institut Valencià d'Art Modern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia, Spain">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Center_of_Modern_Art" title="Atlantic Center of Modern Art">Atlantic Center of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Picasso" title="Museu Picasso">Museu Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Picasso_M%C3%A1laga" title="Museo Picasso Málaga">Museo Picasso Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_Museet" title="Moderna Museet">Moderna Museet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Asia Museum of Modern Art">Asia Museum of Modern Art</a>, Taichung</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estorick_Collection_of_Modern_Italian_Art" title="Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art">Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saatchi_Gallery" title="Saatchi Gallery">Saatchi Gallery</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Liverpool" title="Tate Liverpool">Tate Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_St_Ives" title="Tate St Ives">Tate St Ives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Art_Museum_of_Ukraine" title="National Art Museum of Ukraine">National Art Museum of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Sheptytsky_National_Museum_of_Lviv" title="Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum of Lviv">Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum of Lviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albright-Knox_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Albright-Knox Art Gallery">Albright-Knox Art Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Plaza#Art_collection" title="Empire State Plaza">Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice, Italy">Venice, Italy</a>; more recently in <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin, Germany">Berlin, Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilbao,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilbao, Spain">Bilbao, Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="High Museum">High Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNay_Art_Museum" title="McNay Art Museum">McNay Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menil_Collection" title="Menil Collection">Menil Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="San Francisco Museum of Modern Art">San Francisco Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples Museum of Art">The Baker Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples,_Florida" title="Naples, Florida">Naples, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Center" title="Walker Art Center">Walker Art Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_art" title="20th-century art">20th-century art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_women_artists" title="List of 20th-century women artists">List of 20th-century women artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">List of modern artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"One way of understanding the relation of the terms 'modern,' 'modernity,' and 'Modernism' is that aesthetic modernism is a form of art characteristic of high or actualized late modernity, that is, of that period in which social, economic, and cultural life in the widest sense [was] revolutionized by modernity ... [this means] that Modernist art is scarcely thinkable outside the context of the modernized society of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Social modernity is the home of Modernist art, even where that art rebels against it." — Lawrence E. Cahoone<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage13mode1up_13]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage13mode1up_13]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries momentum began to gather behind a new <i>view</i> of the world, which would eventually create a new <i>world</i>, the modern world." — Lawrence E. Cahoone<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage27mode1up_27]_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage27mode1up_27]-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkins1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsartspeakguidetoc00atki_0page118mode2up_118–119]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkins1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsartspeakguidetoc00atki_0page118mode2up_118–119]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkins1997">Atkins 1997</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artspeakguidetoc00atki_0/page/118/mode/2up">118–119</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page557mode1up_557]-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page557mode1up_557]_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGombrich1995">Gombrich 1995</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofart00gomb_0/page/557/mode/1up">557</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClement1996114-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClement1996114_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClement1996">Clement 1996</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobie1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgertrudesteinma004194page104mode2upqsynthetic_103–107]-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobie1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgertrudesteinma004194page104mode2upqsynthetic_103–107]_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScobie1988">Scobie 1988</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gertrudesteinma004194/page/104/mode/2up?q=synthetic">103–107</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn-Steiner2006[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfEFRDAAAQBAJpgPA69_69]-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn-Steiner2006[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfEFRDAAAQBAJpgPA69_69]_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohn-Steiner2006">John-Steiner 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fEFRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69">69</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage13mode1up_13]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage13mode1up_13]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCahoone1996">Cahoone 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frommodernismtop0000unse/page/13/mode/1up">13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page17mode1up_17]_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnasonPrather1998">Arnason & Prather 1998</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderna00arna_0/page/17/mode/1up">17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLubow2003" class="citation news cs1">Lubow, Arthur (2003-07-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/27/magazine/the-secret-of-the-black-paintings.html">"The Secret of the Black Paintings"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Secret+of+the+Black+Paintings&rft.date=2003-07-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lubow&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F07%2F27%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-secret-of-the-black-paintings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanto2004" class="citation web cs1">Danto, Arthur C. (2004-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artforum.com/columns/francisco-de-goya-168178/">"FRANCISCO DE GOYA"</a>. <i>Artforum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artforum&rft.atitle=FRANCISCO+DE+GOYA&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.aulast=Danto&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artforum.com%2Fcolumns%2Ffrancisco-de-goya-168178%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/oct/04/art.biography">"The unflinching eye"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 2003-10-04. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+unflinching+eye&rft.date=2003-10-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2003%2Foct%2F04%2Fart.biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage27mode1up_27]-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECahoone1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrommodernismtop0000unsepage27mode1up_27]_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCahoone1996">Cahoone 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frommodernismtop0000unse/page/27/mode/1up">27</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmodernartmoderni00fraspage5mode1up_5]-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmodernartmoderni00fraspage5mode1up_5]_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1982">Greenberg 1982</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernartmoderni00fras/page/5/mode/1up">5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page477mode1up_477]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGombrich1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailsstoryofart00gomb_0page477mode1up_477]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGombrich1995">Gombrich 1995</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofart00gomb_0/page/477/mode/1up">477</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page22mode1up_22]-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnasonPrather1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoryofmoderna00arna_0page22mode1up_22]_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnasonPrather1998">Arnason & Prather 1998</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderna00arna_0/page/22/mode/1up">22</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorinthSchusterVitaliButts199625-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorinthSchusterVitaliButts199625_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorinthSchusterVitaliButts1996">Corinth et al. 1996</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECogniat197561-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECogniat197561_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCogniat1975">Cogniat 1975</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECogniat197543–49-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECogniat197543–49_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCogniat1975">Cogniat 1975</a>, pp. 43–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConaty2009" class="citation journal cs1">Conaty, Siobhan M. (2009). "Benedetta Cappa Marinetti and the Second Phase of Futurism". <i>Woman's Art Journal</i>. <b>30</b> (1): 19–28. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40026522">i40026522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Woman%27s+Art+Journal&rft.atitle=Benedetta+Cappa+Marinetti+and+the+Second+Phase+of+Futurism&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-28&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fi40026522%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Conaty&rft.aufirst=Siobhan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaunders2013-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaunders2013_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaunders2013">Saunders 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullins200614-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullins200614_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMullins2006">Mullins 2006</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullins20069-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullins20069_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMullins2006">Mullins 2006</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullins200614–15-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullins200614–15_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMullins2006">Mullins 2006</a>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJencks1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(April_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJencks1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(April_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJencks1987">Jencks 1987</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELander2006-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELander2006_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLander2006">Lander 2006</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnasonPrather1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._Harvard_Arnason" title="H. Harvard Arnason">Arnason, H. Harvard</a>; Prather, Marla (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderna00arna_0"><i>History of modern art: painting, sculpture, architecture, photography</i></a></span> (4th ed.). New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3439-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3439-9"><bdi>978-0-8109-3439-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1035593323">1035593323</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+modern+art%3A+painting%2C+sculpture%2C+architecture%2C+photography&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1035593323&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-3439-9&rft.aulast=Arnason&rft.aufirst=H.+Harvard&rft.au=Prather%2C+Marla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmoderna00arna_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins1997" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, Robert (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artspeakguidetoc00atki_0/page/118/mode/2up"><i>Artspeak: A Guide to Contemporary Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New York: Abbeville Press Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0415-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0415-8"><bdi>978-0-7892-0415-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/605278894">605278894</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artspeak%3A+A+Guide+to+Contemporary+Ideas%2C+Movements%2C+and+Buzzwords&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F605278894&rft.isbn=978-0-7892-0415-8&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartspeakguidetoc00atki_0%2Fpage%2F118%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahoone1996" class="citation book cs1">Cahoone, Lawrence (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frommodernismtop0000unse"><i>From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-602-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-602-8"><bdi>978-1-55786-602-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1149327777">1149327777</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Modernism+to+Postmodernism%3A+An+Anthology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1149327777&rft.isbn=978-1-55786-602-8&rft.aulast=Cahoone&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrommodernismtop0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes_of_India_Travel2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/kolkata/cima-art-gallery/ps47878635.cms">"CIMA Art Gallery"</a>. <i>Times of India Travel</i>. 2015-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India+Travel&rft.atitle=CIMA+Art+Gallery&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftravel%2Fkolkata%2Fcima-art-gallery%2Fps47878635.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClement1996" class="citation book cs1">Clement, Russell (1996). <i>Four French Symbolists: A Sourcebook on Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Maurice Denis</i>. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29752-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29752-6"><bdi>978-0-313-29752-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34191505">34191505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+French+Symbolists%3A+A+Sourcebook+on+Pierre+Puvis+de+Chavannes%2C+Gustave+Moreau%2C+Odilon+Redon%2C+and+Maurice+Denis&rft.place=Westport%2C+CN&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34191505&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29752-6&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCogniat1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cogniat" title="Raymond Cogniat">Cogniat, Raymond</a> (1975). <i>Pissarro</i>. New York: Crown Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-52477-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-52477-0"><bdi>978-0-517-52477-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2082821">2082821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pissarro&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2082821&rft.isbn=978-0-517-52477-0&rft.aulast=Cogniat&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorinthSchusterVitaliButts1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lovis_Corinth" title="Lovis Corinth">Corinth, Lovis</a>; Schuster, Peter-Klaus; Vitali, Christoph; Butts, Barbara; Brauner, Lothar; Bärnreuther, Andrea (1996). <i>Lovis Corinth</i>. Munich; New York: Prestel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-1682-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-1682-6"><bdi>978-3-7913-1682-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35280519">35280519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lovis+Corinth&rft.place=Munich%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Prestel&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35280519&rft.isbn=978-3-7913-1682-6&rft.aulast=Corinth&rft.aufirst=Lovis&rft.au=Schuster%2C+Peter-Klaus&rft.au=Vitali%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Butts%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Brauner%2C+Lothar&rft.au=B%C3%A4rnreuther%2C+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Greenberg, Clement</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernartmoderni00fras/page/5/mode/1up">"Modernist Painting"</a>. In Frascina, Francis; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Harrison_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Harrison (historian)">Harrison, Charles</a>; Paul, Deirdre (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernartmoderni00fras"><i>Modern Art and Modernism: A Critical Anthology</i></a></span>. In association with the Open University. London: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-318234-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-318234-9"><bdi>978-0-06-318234-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/297414909">297414909</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modernist+Painting&rft.btitle=Modern+Art+and+Modernism%3A+A+Critical+Anthology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F297414909&rft.isbn=978-0-06-318234-9&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Clement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernartmoderni00fras%2Fpage%2F5%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGombrich1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Gombrich" title="Ernst Gombrich">Gombrich, Ernst H.</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofart00gomb_0"><i>The Story of Art</i></a></span>. London: Phaidon Press Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3355-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3355-2"><bdi>978-0-7148-3355-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1151352542">1151352542</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Art.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press+Limited&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1151352542&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-3355-2&rft.aulast=Gombrich&rft.aufirst=Ernst+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofart00gomb_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJencks1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jencks" title="Charles Jencks">Jencks, Charles</a> (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/postmodernismnew0000jenc"><i>Post-Modernism: The New Classicism in Art and Architecture</i></a></span>. New York: Rizzoli. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-0835-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-0835-9"><bdi>978-0-8478-0835-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1150952960">1150952960</a> – via Inernet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-Modernism%3A+The+New+Classicism+in+Art+and+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1150952960&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-0835-9&rft.aulast=Jencks&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpostmodernismnew0000jenc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn-Steiner2006" class="citation book cs1">John-Steiner, Vera (2006). "Patterns of Collaboration among Artists". <i>Creative Collaboration</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 63–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195307702.003.0004">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307702.003.0004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530770-2"><bdi>978-0-19-530770-2</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5105130725">5105130725</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/252638637">252638637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Collaboration+among+Artists&rft.btitle=Creative+Collaboration&rft.pages=63-96&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195307702.003.0004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530770-2&rft.aulast=John-Steiner&rft.aufirst=Vera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLander2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lander, David (November–December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanheritage.com/shopping-0">"Fifties Furniture – The Side Tav\ble as Sculpture"</a>. Shopping. <i>American Heritage</i>. <b>57</b> (6). American Association for State and Local History. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-8496">2161-8496</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60622066">60622066</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20071020152554/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/6/2006_6_22.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Fifties+Furniture+%E2%80%93+The+Side+Tav%5Cble+as+Sculpture&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2006-11%2F2006-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60622066&rft.issn=2161-8496&rft.aulast=Lander&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fshopping-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullins2006" class="citation book cs1">Mullins, Charlotte (2006). <i>Painting people: figure painting today</i>. New York: D.A.P./Distributed Art Pubs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933045-38-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933045-38-2"><bdi>978-1-933045-38-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71679906">71679906</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Painting+people%3A+figure+painting+today&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.A.P.%2FDistributed+Art+Pubs&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71679906&rft.isbn=978-1-933045-38-2&rft.aulast=Mullins&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Stonor_Saunders" title="Frances Stonor Saunders">Saunders, Frances Stonor</a> (2013-06-14) [1995-10-22]. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/modern-art-was-cia-weapon-1578808.html">"Modern art was CIA 'weapon'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220515/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/modern-art-was-cia-weapon-1578808.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Modern+art+was+CIA+%27weapon%27&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Frances+Stonor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmodern-art-was-cia-weapon-1578808.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScobie1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Scobie" title="Stephen Scobie">Scobie, Stephen</a> (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gertrudesteinma004194/page/98/mode/2up?q=synthetic">"The Allure of Multiplicity: Metaphor and Metonymy in Cubism and Gertrude Stein"</a></span>. In Neuman, S. C.; Nadel, Ira Bruce (eds.). <i>Gertrude Stein and the Making of Literature</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-08541-5_7">10.1007/978-1-349-08541-5_7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-08543-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-08543-9"><bdi>978-1-349-08543-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7323640453">7323640453</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Allure+of+Multiplicity%3A+Metaphor+and+Metonymy+in+Cubism+and+Gertrude+Stein&rft.btitle=Gertrude+Stein+and+the+Making+of+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7323640453&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-08541-5_7&rft.isbn=978-1-349-08543-9&rft.aulast=Scobie&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgertrudesteinma004194%2Fpage%2F98%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dsynthetic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Adams, Hugh (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernpainting0000adam"><i>Modern Painting</i></a></span>. New York: Mayflower Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8317-6062-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8317-6062-5"><bdi>978-0-8317-6062-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/691113035">691113035</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Painting&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Mayflower+Books&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F691113035&rft.isbn=978-0-8317-6062-5&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernpainting0000adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Childs, Peter (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernism0000chil"><i>Modernism</i></a></span>. London New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-13116-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-13116-9"><bdi>978-0-203-13116-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48138104">48138104</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48138104&rft.isbn=978-0-203-13116-9&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernism0000chil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Crouch, Christopher (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernisminartde00crou"><i>Modernism in Art, Design and Architecture</i></a></span>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-21830-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-21830-0"><bdi>978-0-312-21830-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1036752206">1036752206</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism+in+Art%2C+Design+and+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1036752206&rft.isbn=978-0-312-21830-0&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernisminartde00crou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Dempsey, Amy (2002). <i>Art in the Modern Era: A Guide to Schools and Movements</i>. New York: Harry N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-4172-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-4172-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-4172-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47623954">47623954</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+in+the+Modern+Era%3A+A+Guide+to+Schools+and+Movements&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47623954&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-4172-4&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.aufirst=Amy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Everdell" title="William Everdell">Everdell, William</a> (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780226224817"><i>The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth-Century Thought</i></a></span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-22484-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-22484-8"><bdi>978-0-226-22484-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45733213">45733213</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Moderns%3A+Profiles+in+the+Origins+of+Twentieth-Century+Thought&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45733213&rft.isbn=978-0-226-22484-8&rft.aulast=Everdell&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780226224817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span><br />See also: <i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Moderns" title="The First Moderns">The First Moderns</a></i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Frazier, Nancy (2000). <i>The Penguin Concise Dictionary of Art History</i>. New York: Penguin Reference. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051420-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051420-9"><bdi>978-0-14-051420-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70498418">70498418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Concise+Dictionary+of+Art+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Reference&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70498418&rft.isbn=978-0-14-051420-9&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hunter_(art_historian)" title="Sam Hunter (art historian)">Hunter, Sam</a>; Jacobus, John M; Wheeler, Daniel (2005). <i>Modern Art: painting, sculpture, architecture, photography</i> (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-150519-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-150519-3"><bdi>978-0-13-150519-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1114759321">1114759321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Art%3A+painting%2C+sculpture%2C+architecture%2C+photography&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1114759321&rft.isbn=978-0-13-150519-3&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Jacobus%2C+John+M&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kolocotroni, Vassiliki; Goldman, Jane; Taxidou, Olga, eds. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernismantholo1998unse"><i>Modernism: An Anthology of Sources and Documents</i></a></span>. Edinburgh; Chicago: Edinburgh University Press; The University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-19313-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-19313-7"><bdi>978-0-585-19313-7</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1150833644">1150833644</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44964346">44964346</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism%3A+An+Anthology+of+Sources+and+Documents&rft.place=Edinburgh%3B+Chicago&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press%3B+The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-585-19313-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernismantholo1998unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynton1980" class="citation book cs1">Lynton, Norbert (1980). <i>The Story of Modern Art</i>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801413513" title="Special:BookSources/9780801413513"><bdi>9780801413513</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Modern+Art&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780801413513&rft.aulast=Lynton&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Ozenfant" title="Amédée Ozenfant">Ozenfant, Amédée</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Rodker" title="John Rodker">Rodker, John</a> (1952). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundationsofmod0000ozen"><i>Foundations of Modern Art</i></a></span>. New York: Dover. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486202150" title="Special:BookSources/9780486202150"><bdi>9780486202150</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1200478998">1200478998</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-19</span></span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Modern+Art&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1200478998&rft.isbn=9780486202150&rft.aulast=Ozenfant&rft.aufirst=Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e&rft.au=Rodker%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundationsofmod0000ozen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Read" title="Herbert Read">Read, Herbert Edward</a>; <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Read" title="Benedict Read">Read, Benedict</a>; Tisdall, Caroline; <a href="/wiki/William_Feaver" title="William Feaver">Feaver, William</a> (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000read"><i>A Concise History of Modern Painting</i></a></span>. New York: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-71730-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-71730-8"><bdi>978-0-275-71730-8</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/741987800">741987800</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/894774214">894774214</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/563965849">563965849</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Modern+Painting&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-275-71730-8&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Edward&rft.au=Read%2C+Benedict&rft.au=Tisdall%2C+Caroline&rft.au=Feaver%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcisehistoryof0000read&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+art" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_art&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902112152/http://www.time.com/time/archive/collections/0,21428,c_modern_art,00.shtml">A <i>TIME</i> Archives Collection of Modern Art's perception</a> (archived 2 September 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngmaindia.gov.in">National Gallery of Modern Art – Govt. of India</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_P._Cavafy" title="Constantine P. Cavafy">Cavafy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1940)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1887)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909–1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing<br />arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></b> →</div> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_art_movements" title="Template talk:Western art movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern<br />(Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br />Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br />to modern</a><br />(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modern</a><br />(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br />(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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