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seminorm</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: variation seminorm"> <meta name="keywords" content="variation seminorm"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="variation seminorm"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2455</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: variation seminorm</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2455</span> On Kantorovich-Stancu Type Operators with the Variation Detracting Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zlem%20%C3%96ks%C3%BCzer">Özlem Öksüzer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we introduce variation detracting property of Kantorovich-Stancu type operators in the space of functions of bounded variation. These problems are studied with respect to the variation seminorm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kantorovich-Stancu%20type%20operators" title="Kantorovich-Stancu type operators">Kantorovich-Stancu type operators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20seminorm" title=" variation seminorm"> variation seminorm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20detracting%20property" title=" variation detracting property"> variation detracting property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolutely%20continuous%20function" title=" absolutely continuous function"> absolutely continuous function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32234/on-kantorovich-stancu-type-operators-with-the-variation-detracting-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2454</span> On Coverage Probability of Confidence Intervals for the Normal Mean with Known Coefficient of Variation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suparat%20Niwitpong">Suparat Niwitpong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa-aat%20Niwitpong"> Sa-aat Niwitpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statistical inference of normal mean with known coefficient of variation has been investigated recently. This phenomenon occurs normally in environment and agriculture experiments when the scientist knows the coefficient of variation of their experiments. In this paper, we constructed new confidence intervals for the normal population mean with known coefficient of variation. We also derived analytic expressions for the coverage probability of each confidence interval. To confirm our theoretical results, Monte Carlo simulation will be used to assess the performance of these intervals based on their coverage probabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence%20interval" title="confidence interval">confidence interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20probability" title=" coverage probability"> coverage probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expected%20length" title=" expected length"> expected length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=known%0D%0Acoefficient%20of%20variation" title=" known coefficient of variation"> known coefficient of variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11176/on-coverage-probability-of-confidence-intervals-for-the-normal-mean-with-known-coefficient-of-variation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2453</span> Variation in Italian Specialized Economic Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmagid%20Basyouny%20Sakr">Abdelmagid Basyouny Sakr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terminological variation is a reality and it is now recognized by terminologists. This paper investigates the terminological variation in the context of specialized economic texts in Italian. It aims to find whether certain patterns or tendencies can be derived from the analysis of these texts. Term variants pose two different kinds of difficulties. The first one is being able to recognize linguistic expressions that denote the same concept in running text. Another one lies in knowing which variant should be considered and for what purpose. This would help to differentiate between variants that could be candidates for inclusion in terminological resources and the ones which are synonyms or contextual variants. New insights about terminological variation in specialized texts could contribute to improve specialized dictionaries which will better account for the different ways in which a given thought is expressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20linguistics" title="corpus linguistics">corpus linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specialized%20communication" title=" specialized communication"> specialized communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terms%20and%20concepts" title=" terms and concepts"> terms and concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminological%20variation" title=" terminological variation"> terminological variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147949/variation-in-italian-specialized-economic-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2452</span> Variation of the Dynamic Characteristics of a Spindle with the Change of Bearing Preload</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinji%20Oouchi">Shinji Oouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajime%20Nomura"> Hajime Nomura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kung-Da%20Wu"> Kung-Da Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jui-Pin%20Hung"> Jui-Pin Hung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the variation of the dynamic characteristics of a spindle with the change of bearing preload. The correlations between the variation of bearing preload and fundamental modal parameters were first examined by conducting vibration tests on physical spindle units. Experimental measurements show that the dynamic compliance and damping ratio associated with the dominating modes were affected to vary with variation of the bearing preload. When the bearing preload was slightly deviated from a standard value, the modal frequency and damping ability also vary to different extent, which further enable the spindle to perform with different compliance. For the spindle used in this study, a standard preload value set on bearings would enable the spindle to behave a higher stiffness as compared with others with a preload variation. This characteristic can be served as a reference to examine the variation of bearing preload of spindle in assemblage or operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20compliance" title="dynamic compliance">dynamic compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20preload" title=" bearing preload"> bearing preload</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20damping" title=" modal damping"> modal damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20preload" title=" standard preload"> standard preload</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15889/variation-of-the-dynamic-characteristics-of-a-spindle-with-the-change-of-bearing-preload" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2451</span> Variation in Orbital Elements of Mars and Jupiter Due to the Sun Oblateness by Using Secular Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avaneesh%20Vaishwar">Avaneesh Vaishwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badam%20Singh%20Kushvah"> Badam Singh Kushvah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devi%20Prasad%20Mishra"> Devi Prasad Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We studied the variation in orbital elements of Mars and Jupiter for a time span of 200 thousand years by using secular theory. Here we took Sun oblateness into account and considered the first two zonal gravity constants (J2 and J4) for showing the effect of Sun oblateness on the orbital elements of Mars and Jupiter. We found that in both cases (with and without Sun oblateness) the variation in orbital elements of Mars and Jupiter is periodic moreover in case of the Sun oblateness, the period of variation in orbital elements is decreasing for both the planets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagrange%27s%20planetary%20equation" title="lagrange's planetary equation">lagrange's planetary equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20elements" title=" orbital elements"> orbital elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planetary%20system" title=" planetary system"> planetary system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secular%20theory" title=" secular theory"> secular theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83157/variation-in-orbital-elements-of-mars-and-jupiter-due-to-the-sun-oblateness-by-using-secular-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2450</span> Causes of Variation Orders in the Egyptian Construction Industry: Time and Cost Impacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Samer%20Ezeldin">A. Samer Ezeldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jwanda%20M.%20El%20Sarag"> Jwanda M. El Sarag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Variation orders are of great importance in any construction project. Variation orders are defined as any change in the scope of works of a project that can be an addition omission, or even modification. This paper investigates the variation orders that occur during construction projects in Egypt. The literature review represents a comparison of causes of variation orders among Egypt, Tanzania, Nigeria, Malaysia and the United Kingdom. A classification of occurrence of variation orders due to owner related factors, consultant related factors and other factors are signified in the literature review. These classified events that lead to variation orders were introduced in a survey with 19 events to observe their frequency of occurrence, and their time and cost impacts. The survey data was obtained from 87 participants that included clients, consultants, and contractors and a database of 42 scenarios was created. A model is then developed to help assist project managers in predicting the frequency of variations and account for a budget for any additional costs and minimize any delays that can take place. Two experts with more than 25 years of experience were given the model to verify that the model was working effectively. The model was then validated on a residential compound that was completed in July 2016 to prove that the model actually produces acceptable results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title="construction">construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20impact" title=" cost impact"> cost impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20impact" title=" time impact"> time impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20orders" title=" variation orders"> variation orders</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79881/causes-of-variation-orders-in-the-egyptian-construction-industry-time-and-cost-impacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2449</span> Molecular Analysis of Somaclonal Variation in Tissue Culture Derived Bananas Using MSAP and SSR Marker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20K.%20Sales">Emma K. Sales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilda%20G.%20Butardo"> Nilda G. Butardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The project was undertaken to determine the effects of modified tissue culture protocols e.g. age of culture and hormone levels (2,4-D) in generating somaclonal variation. Moreover, the utility of molecular markers (SSR and MSAP) in sorting off types/somaclones were investigated. Results show that somaclonal variation is in effect due to prolonged subculture and high 2,4-D concentration. The resultant variation was observed to be due to high level of methylation events specifically cytosine methylation either at the internal or external cytosine and was identified by methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). Simple sequence repeats (SSR) on the other hand, was able to associate a marker to a trait of interest. These therefore, show that molecular markers can be an important tool in sorting out variation/mutants at an early stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylation" title="methylation">methylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSAP" title=" MSAP"> MSAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somaclones" title=" somaclones"> somaclones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSR" title=" SSR"> SSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subculture" title=" subculture"> subculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title=" 2"> 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-D" title="4-D">4-D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6604/molecular-analysis-of-somaclonal-variation-in-tissue-culture-derived-bananas-using-msap-and-ssr-marker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2448</span> Dynamic Variation in Nano-Scale CMOS SRAM Cells Due to LF/RTS Noise and Threshold Voltage </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fadlallah">M. Fadlallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ghibaudo"> G. Ghibaudo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Theodorou"> C. G. Theodorou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamic variation in memory devices such as the Static Random Access Memory can give errors in read or write operations. In this paper, the effect of low-frequency and random telegraph noise on the dynamic variation of one SRAM cell is detailed. The effect on circuit noise, speed, and length of time of processing is examined, using the Supply Read Retention Voltage and the Read Static Noise Margin. New test run methods are also developed. The obtained results simulation shows the importance of noise caused by dynamic variation, and the impact of Random Telegraph noise on SRAM variability is examined by evaluating the statistical distributions of Random Telegraph noise amplitude in the pull-up, pull-down. The threshold voltage mismatch between neighboring cell transistors due to intrinsic fluctuations typically contributes to larger reductions in static noise margin. Also the contribution of each of the SRAM transistor to total dynamic variation has been identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-frequency%20noise" title="low-frequency noise">low-frequency noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20telegraph%20noise" title=" random telegraph noise"> random telegraph noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20variation" title=" dynamic variation"> dynamic variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRRV" title=" SRRV"> SRRV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95313/dynamic-variation-in-nano-scale-cmos-sram-cells-due-to-lfrts-noise-and-threshold-voltage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2447</span> Dissociation of CDS from CVA Valuation Under Notation Changes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Henry">R. Henry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J-B.%20Paulin"> J-B. Paulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=St.%20Fauchille"> St. Fauchille</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ph.%20Delord"> Ph. Delord</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Benkirane"> K. Benkirane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Brunel"> A. Brunel </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the CVA computation of interest rate swap is presented based on its rating. Rating and probability default given by Moody’s Investors Service are used to calculate our CVA for a specific swap with different maturities. With this computation, the influence of rating variation can be shown on CVA. The application is made to the analysis of Greek CDS variation during the period of Greek crisis between 2008 and 2011. The main point is the determination of correlation between the fluctuation of Greek CDS cumulative value and the variation of swap CVA due to change of rating <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDS" title="CDS">CDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computation" title=" computation"> computation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVA" title=" CVA"> CVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek%20crisis" title=" Greek crisis"> Greek crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20rate%20swap" title=" interest rate swap"> interest rate swap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maturity" title=" maturity"> maturity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rating" title=" rating"> rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swap" title=" swap"> swap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16483/dissociation-of-cds-from-cva-valuation-under-notation-changes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2446</span> Morphological Analysis of English L1-Persian L2 Adult Learners’ Interlanguage: From the Perspective of SLA Variation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maassoumeh%20Bemani%20Naeini">Maassoumeh Bemani Naeini </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on interlanguage have long been engaged in describing the phenomenon of variation in SLA. Pursuing the same goal and particularly addressing the role of linguistic features, this study describes the use of Persian morphology in the interlanguage of two adult English-speaking learners of Persian L2. Taking the general approach of a combination of contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage analysis, this study focuses on the identification and prediction of some possible instances of transfer from English L1 to Persian L2 across six elicitation tasks aiming to investigate whether any of contextual features may variably influence the learners’ order of morpheme accuracy in the areas of copula, possessives, articles, demonstratives, plural form, personal pronouns, and genitive cases.  Results describe the existence of task variation in the interlanguage system of Persian L2 learners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20L1" title="English L1">English L1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interlanguage%20Analysis" title=" Interlanguage Analysis"> Interlanguage Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20L2" title=" Persian L2"> Persian L2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLA%20variation" title=" SLA variation"> SLA variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42660/morphological-analysis-of-english-l1-persian-l2-adult-learners-interlanguage-from-the-perspective-of-sla-variation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2445</span> Sentence Variation in Academic Writing: A Contrastive Study of the Variation of Sentence Types between Male and Female ESL Writers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Muhammad%20Shitu">Fatima Muhammad Shitu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the variation of sentence types in English academic writing. The major focus is on whether variation in sentence types can be attributable to the linguistic and most of all the gender of the writers. The objective of this paper is to analyze the sentence types produced by Male and Female ESL writers and to determine whether writers vary the frequency and use of sentence types across the text depending on the rhetorical choices of the writers to construct identity. This study is hinged on the functionalist approach to analyzing academic writing in use. For the purpose of this study, a corpus of 20 academic papers was created and the use of sentences types was analyzed. The data for the study was collated using percentages. In this case, the number of occurrences of the different sentence types were analyzed, calculated and then converted to percentages for each group i.e., male and female ESL writers. The results from these analyses were compared and contrasted in order to determine whether Male and Female ESL writer vary their sentence types, and, or employed the same or different sentence types in their texts. The conclusion is that Male and Female ESL writers not only vary in their use of sentence types in academic writings but also differ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentence%20variation" title="sentence variation">sentence variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESL" title=" ESL"> ESL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing" title=" academic writing"> academic writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44136/sentence-variation-in-academic-writing-a-contrastive-study-of-the-variation-of-sentence-types-between-male-and-female-esl-writers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2444</span> Ratio Type Estimators for the Estimation of Population Coefficient of Variation under Two-Stage Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jabbar">Muhammad Jabbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose two ratio and ratio type exponential estimator for the estimation of population coefficient of variation using the auxiliary information under two-stage sampling. The properties of these estimators are derived up to first order of approximation. The efficiency conditions under which suggested estimator are more efficient, are obtained. Numerical and simulated studies are conducted to support the superiority of the estimators. Theoretically and numerically, we have found that our proposed estimator is always more efficient as compared to its competitor estimator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20sampling" title="two-stage sampling">two-stage sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20variation" title=" coefficient of variation"> coefficient of variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratio%20type%20exponential%20estimator" title=" ratio type exponential estimator"> ratio type exponential estimator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21936/ratio-type-estimators-for-the-estimation-of-population-coefficient-of-variation-under-two-stage-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2443</span> Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, and Electrical Properties of ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghvendra%20Singh%20Yadav">Raghvendra Singh Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivo%20Ku%C5%99itka"> Ivo Kuřitka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jarmila%20Vilcakova"> Jarmila Vilcakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Urbanek"> Pavel Urbanek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Machovsky"> Michal Machovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Masa%C5%99"> Milan Masař</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Holek"> Martin Holek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The synthesized spinel ferrite nanoparticles were annealed at different higher temperature to achieve different size nanoparticles. The as synthesized and annealed samples were characterized by powder X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer. The variation in magnetic parameters was noticed with variation in grain size. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss with variation of frequency shows normal behaviour of spinel ferrite. The variation in conductivity with variation in grain size is noticed. Modulus and Impedance Spectroscopy shows the role of grain and grain boundary on the electrical resistance and capacitance of different grain sized spinel ferrite nanoparticles. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – Program NPU I (LO1504). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinel%20ferrite" title="spinel ferrite">spinel ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20properties" title=" dielectric properties"> dielectric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58192/structural-magnetic-dielectric-and-electrical-properties-of-znfe2o4-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2442</span> Influence Analysis of Macroeconomic Parameters on Real Estate Price Variation in Taipei, Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Li">Li Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Hsuan%20Chu"> Kai-Hsuan Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that the real estate price depends on a lot of factors. Each house current value is dependent on the location, room number, transportation, living convenience, year and surrounding environments. Although, there are different experienced models for housing agent to estimate the price, it is a case by case study without overall dynamic variation investigation. However, many economic parameters may more or less influence the real estate price variation. Here, the influences of most macroeconomic parameters on real estate price are investigated individually based on least-square scheme and grey correlation strategy. Then those parameters are classified into leading indices, simultaneous indices and laggard indices. In addition, the leading time period is evaluated based on least square method. The important leading and simultaneous indices can be used to establish an artificial intelligent neural network model for real estate price variation prediction. The real estate price variation of Taipei, Taiwan during 2005 ~ 2017 are chosen for this research data analysis and validation. The results show that the proposed method has reasonable prediction function for real estate business reference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20estate%20price" title="real estate price">real estate price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least-square" title=" least-square"> least-square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20correlation" title=" grey correlation"> grey correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomics" title=" macroeconomics"> macroeconomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100459/influence-analysis-of-macroeconomic-parameters-on-real-estate-price-variation-in-taipei-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2441</span> Spatial Variation of Trace Elements in Suspended Sediments from Urban River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Macedo%20Neto">Daniel Macedo Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20Froehner"> Sandro Froehner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Sanez"> Juan Sanez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Suspended sediments (SS) are an environmental constituent able to represent the effects of land use changes on watersheds. One important consideration of land use change is its implication on trace element loading. Water bodies have the capacity to retain trace elements. Spatial variation in trace elements concentrations can be associated with land occupation and sources of pollution. In this work, the spatial variation of trace elements in suspended sediments from an urban river was assessed. Time-integrated fluvial suspended sediment samples were installed in three different sites of Barigui River. The suspend solids were collected every 30 days, from May 2015 to August 2015 (total samples 12). Site P1 covers 44 km2 drainage area and has low land occupation, whilst P2 cover an area of 87 km2 and it is totally urban as P3, which area is higher than 130 km2. Trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, P, Pb and Zn) were analysed by ICP-ES. All elements analyzed showed a similar pattern, i.e., the concentration raise with the urbanization, exception for As (P1=7.75; P2=5.75; P3=5.60mg/kg). There was increase in concentration for Cd (P1=0.75; P2=0.78; P3=1.45mg/kg), Cr (P1=59.50; P2=101.75; P3=102.00 mg/kg), Zn (P1=142.25; P2=152.50; P3=223.00mg/kg), P (P1=937.50; P2=1,545.00; P3=2,355.00 mg/kg) and for Pb (P1=31.25; P2=32.75; P3=39.17±2.56 mg/kg). The variation in concentrations were as follow -27.74% (As), +93.33% (Cd), +71.43% (Cr), +151.20% (P), +25.33% (Pb) e +56.77% (Zn). Cd, Cr, P, Pb and Zn presented a clear trend of increasing the concentration from upstream to downstream. Such variation is more notorious for P, Cd and Cr, possibly due the urbanization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20elements" title="trace elements">trace elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspended%20sediments" title=" suspended sediments"> suspended sediments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50716/spatial-variation-of-trace-elements-in-suspended-sediments-from-urban-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2440</span> Temporal Variation of Reference Evapotranspiration in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey and Meteorological Drought Analysis via Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alper%20Serdar%20Anli">Alper Serdar Anli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is important in arid and semi-arid regions where water resources are limited. In this study, temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and meteorological drought analysis through SPEI (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index) method have been carried out in provinces of Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Reference evapotranspiration of concerning provinces in the region has been estimated using Penman-Monteith method and one calendar year has been split up four periods as r1, r2, r3 and r4. Temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration according to four periods has been analyzed through parametric Dickey-Fuller test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. As a result, significant increasing trends for reference evapotranspiration have been detected and according to SPEI method used for estimating meteorological drought in provinces, mild drought has been experienced in general, and however there have been also a significant amount of events where moderate and severely droughts occurred. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20Anatolia%20region" title="central Anatolia region">central Anatolia region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20index" title=" drought index"> drought index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penman-Monteith" title=" Penman-Monteith"> Penman-Monteith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20evapotranspiration" title=" reference evapotranspiration"> reference evapotranspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20variation" title=" temporal variation"> temporal variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63824/temporal-variation-of-reference-evapotranspiration-in-central-anatolia-region-turkey-and-meteorological-drought-analysis-via-standardized-precipitation-evapotranspiration-index-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2439</span> Internal Cycles from Hydrometric Data and Variability Detected Through Hydrological Modelling Results, on the Niger River, over 1901-2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salif%20Kon%C3%A9">Salif Koné</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We analyze hydrometric data at the Koulikoro station on the Niger River; this basin drains 120600 km2 and covers three countries in West Africa, Guinea, Mali, and Ivory Coast. Two subsequent decadal cycles are highlighted (1925-1936 and 1929-1939) instead of the presumed single decadal one from literature. Moreover, the observed hydrometric data shows a multidecadal 40-year period that is confirmed when graphing a spatial coefficient of variation of runoff over decades (starting at 1901-1910). Spatial runoff data are produced on 48 grids (0.5 degree by 0.5 degree) and through semi-distributed versions of both SimulHyd model and GR2M model - variants of a French Hydrologic model – standing for Genie Rural of 2 parameters at monthly time step. Both extremal decades in terms of runoff coefficient of variation are confronted: 1951-1960 has minimal coefficient of variation, and 1981-1990 shows the maximal value of it during the three months of high-water level (August, September, and October). The mapping of the relative variation of these two decadal situations allows hypothesizing as following: the scale of variation between both extremal situations could serve to fix boundary conditions for further simulations using data from climate scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20cycles" title="internal cycles">internal cycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometric%20data" title=" hydrometric data"> hydrometric data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=niger%20river" title=" niger river"> niger river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gr2m%20and%20simulhyd%20framework" title=" gr2m and simulhyd framework"> gr2m and simulhyd framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff%20coefficient%20of%20variation" title=" runoff coefficient of variation"> runoff coefficient of variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162099/internal-cycles-from-hydrometric-data-and-variability-detected-through-hydrological-modelling-results-on-the-niger-river-over-1901-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2438</span> Empirical Study of Partitions Similarity Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkrim%20Alfalah">Abdelkrim Alfalah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahcen%20Ouarbya"> Lahcen Ouarbya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Howroyd"> John Howroyd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates and compares the performance of four existing distances and similarity measures between partitions. The partition measures considered are Rand Index (RI), Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), Variation of Information (VI), and Normalised Variation of Information (NVI). This work investigates the ability of these partition measures to capture three predefined intuitions: the variation within randomly generated partitions, the sensitivity to small perturbations, and finally the independence from the dataset scale. It has been shown that the Adjusted Rand Index performed well overall, with regards to these three intuitions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparing%20partitions" title=" comparing partitions"> comparing partitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20measure" title=" similarity measure"> similarity measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20distance" title=" partition distance"> partition distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20metric" title=" partition metric"> partition metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20between%20partitions" title=" similarity between partitions"> similarity between partitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20comparison." title=" clustering comparison."> clustering comparison.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143607/empirical-study-of-partitions-similarity-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2437</span> Anisotropic Total Fractional Order Variation Model in Seismic Data Denoising</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianwei%20Ma">Jianwei Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diriba%20Gemechu"> Diriba Gemechu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In seismic data processing, attenuation of random noise is the basic step to improve quality of data for further application of seismic data in exploration and development in different gas and oil industries. The signal-to-noise ratio of the data also highly determines quality of seismic data. This factor affects the reliability as well as the accuracy of seismic signal during interpretation for different purposes in different companies. To use seismic data for further application and interpretation, we need to improve the signal-to-noise ration while attenuating random noise effectively. To improve the signal-to-noise ration and attenuating seismic random noise by preserving important features and information about seismic signals, we introduce the concept of anisotropic total fractional order denoising algorithm. The anisotropic total fractional order variation model defined in fractional order bounded variation is proposed as a regularization in seismic denoising. The split Bregman algorithm is employed to solve the minimization problem of the anisotropic total fractional order variation model and the corresponding denoising algorithm for the proposed method is derived. We test the effectiveness of theproposed method for synthetic and real seismic data sets and the denoised result is compared with F-X deconvolution and non-local means denoising algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20total%20fractional%20order%20variation" title="anisotropic total fractional order variation">anisotropic total fractional order variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20order%20bounded%20variation" title=" fractional order bounded variation"> fractional order bounded variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20random%20noise%20attenuation" title=" seismic random noise attenuation"> seismic random noise attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20Bregman%20algorithm" title=" split Bregman algorithm"> split Bregman algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77827/anisotropic-total-fractional-order-variation-model-in-seismic-data-denoising" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2436</span> Stress Variation around a Circular Hole in Functionally Graded Plate under Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parveen%20K.%20Saini">Parveen K. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayank%20Kushwaha"> Mayank Kushwaha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of material property variation on stress concentration factor (SCF) due to the presence of a circular hole in a functionally graded material (FGM) plate is studied in this paper. A numerical method based on complex variable theory of elasticity is used to investigate the problem. To achieve the material property, variation plate is decomposed into a number of rings. In this research work, Young's modulus is assumed to be varying exponentially and it is found that stress concentration factor can be reduced by increasing Young’s modulus progressively away from the hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration" title="stress concentration">stress concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20hole" title=" circular hole"> circular hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGM%20plate" title=" FGM plate"> FGM plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4922/stress-variation-around-a-circular-hole-in-functionally-graded-plate-under-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2435</span> Descriptive Analysis of Variations in Maguindanaon Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fhajema%20Kunso">Fhajema Kunso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> People who live in the same region and who seemed to speak the same language still vary in some aspects of their language. The variation may occur in terms of pronunciation, lexicon, morphology, and syntax. This qualitative study described the phonological, morphological, and lexical variations of the Maguindanaon language among the ten Maguindanao municipalities. Purposive sampling, in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and sorting and classifying of words according to phonological and morphological as well as lexical structures in data analysis were employed. The variations occurred through phonemic changes and other phonological processes and morphological processes. Phonological processes consisted of vowel lengthening and deletion while morphological processes included affixation, borrowing, and coinage. In the phonological variation, it was observed that there were phonemic changes in one dialect to another. For example, there was a change of phoneme /r/ to /l/. The phoneme /r/ was most likely to occur in Kabuntalan like /biru/, /kurIt/, and /kɘmɅr/ whereas in the rest of the dialects these were /bilu/, /kuIɪt/, and /kɘmɅl/ respectively. Morphologically, the affixation was the main way to know the tenses. For example, the root sarig (expect) when inserted with im becomes simarig, i.e. s + im + arig = simarig (expected). Lexical variation also existed in the Maguindanaon language. Results revealed that the variation in phonology, morphology, and lexicon were observed to be associated primarily on geographic distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20linguistics" title="applied linguistics">applied linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexicon" title=" lexicon"> lexicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maguindanao" title=" Maguindanao"> Maguindanao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonology" title=" phonology"> phonology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processes" title=" processes"> processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative" title=" qualitative"> qualitative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation" title=" variation"> variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76362/descriptive-analysis-of-variations-in-maguindanaon-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2434</span> Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E4 Gene Variation as Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yudi%20Zhao">Yudi Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyun%20Zhou"> Ziyun Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yueting%20Yao"> Yueting Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuying%20Dai"> Shuying Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiling%20Yan"> Zhiling Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Longyu%20Yang"> Longyu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuanyin%20Li"> Chuanyin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Shi"> Li Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufeng%20Yao"> Yufeng Yao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HPV16 E4 gene plays an important role in viral genome amplification and release. Therefore, a variation of the E4 gene nucleic acid sequence may affect the carcinogenicity of HPV16. In order to understand the relationship between the variation of HPV16 E4 gene and cervical cancer, this study was to amplify and sequence the DNA sequences of E4 genes in 118 HPV16-positive cervical cancer patients and 151 HPV16-positive asymptomatic individuals. After obtaining E4 gene sequences, the phylogenetic trees were constructed by the Neighbor-joining method for gene variation analysis. The results showed that: 1) The distribution of HPV16 variants between the case group and the control group differed greatly (P = 0.015)，and the Asian-American（AA）variant was likely to relate to the occurrence of cervical cancer. 2) DNA sequence analysis showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of 8 variants between the case group and the control group (P < 0.05). And 3) In European (EUR) variant, two variations, C3384T (L18L) and A3449G (P39P), were associated with the initiation and development of cervical cancer. The results suggested that the variation of HPV16 E4 gene may be a contributor affecting the occurrence as well as the development of cervical cancer, and different HPV16 variants may have different carcinogenic capability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20cancer" title="cervical cancer">cervical cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPV16" title=" HPV16"> HPV16</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E4%20gene" title=" E4 gene"> E4 gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variations" title=" variations"> variations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110019/human-papillomavirus-type-16-e4-gene-variation-as-risk-factor-for-cervical-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2433</span> Variation in the Traditional Knowledge of Curcuma longa L. in North-Eastern Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouzabata">A. Bouzabata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boukhari"> A. Boukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as turmeric, has a long history of traditional uses for culinary purposes as a spice and a food colorant. The present study aimed to document the ethnobotanical knowledge about Curcuma longa and to assess the variation in the herbalists’ experience in Northeastern Algeria. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires and direct interviews with 30 herbalists. Ethnobotanical indices, including the fidelity level (FL%), the relative frequency citation (RFC) and use value (UV) were determined by quantitative methods. Diversity in the knowledge was analyzed using univariate, non-parametric and multivariate statistical methods. Three main categories of uses were recorded for C. longa: for food, for medicine and for cosmetic purposes. As a medicine, turmeric was used for the treatment of gastrointestinal, dermatological and hepatic diseases. Medicinal and food uses were correlated with both forms of use (rhizome and powder). The age group did not influence the use. Multivariate analyses showed a significant variation in traditional knowledge, associated with the use value, origin, quality and efficacy of the drug. These findings suggested that the geographical origin of C. longa affected the use in Algeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcuma" title="curcuma">curcuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indices" title=" indices"> indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation" title=" variation"> variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18027/variation-in-the-traditional-knowledge-of-curcuma-longa-l-in-north-eastern-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2432</span> Characterizing the Diffused Double Layer Properties of Clay Minerals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Saranya">N. Saranya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The difference in characteristic behavior of clay minerals for different electrolyte solution is dictated by the corresponding variation occurring at its diffused double layer thickness (DDL). The diffused double layer of clay mineral has two distinct regions; the inner region is termed as ‘Stern layer’ where ions are strongly attached to the clay surface. In the outer region, the ions are not strongly bonded with the clay surface, and this region is termed as ‘diffuse layer’. Within the diffuse layer, there is a plane that forms a boundary between the moving ions and the ions attached to the clay surface, which is termed as slipping or shear plane, and the potential of this plane is defined as zeta potential (ζ). Therefore, the variation in diffused double layer properties of clay mineral for different electrolyte solutions can be modeled if the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential are computed. In view of this, the present study has attempted to characterize the diffused double layer properties of three different clay minerals interacting with different pore fluids by measuring the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential. Further, the obtained variation in the diffused double layer property is compared with the Gouy-Chapman model, which is the widely accepted theoretical model to characterize the diffused double layer properties of clay minerals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDL" title="DDL">DDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20charge" title=" surface charge"> surface charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20potential" title=" surface potential"> surface potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta%20potential" title=" zeta potential"> zeta potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388/characterizing-the-diffused-double-layer-properties-of-clay-minerals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2431</span> Measurement of Temperature, Humidity and Strain Variation Using Bragg Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Zrelli">Amira Zrelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Ezzeddine"> Tahar Ezzeddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measurement and monitoring of temperature, humidity and strain variation are very requested in great fields and areas such as structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Currently, the use of fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGS) is very recommended in SHM systems due to the specifications of these sensors. In this paper, we present the theory of Bragg sensor, therefore we try to measure the efficient variation of strain, temperature and humidity (SV, ST, SH) using Bragg sensor. Thus, we can deduce the fundamental relation between these parameters and the wavelength of Bragg sensor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiber%20Bragg%20Grating%20Sensors%20%28FBGS%29" title="Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGS)">Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20health%20monitoring%20%28SHM%29" title=" structural health monitoring (SHM)"> structural health monitoring (SHM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69360/measurement-of-temperature-humidity-and-strain-variation-using-bragg-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2430</span> Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Coefficients of Variation in Gamma Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patarawan%20Sangnawakij">Patarawan Sangnawakij</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa-Aat%20Niwitpong"> Sa-Aat Niwitpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed two new confidence intervals for the difference of coefficients of variation, CIw and CIs, in two independent gamma distributions. These proposed confidence intervals using the close form method of variance estimation which was presented by Donner and Zou (2010) based on concept of Wald and Score confidence interval, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation study is used to evaluate the performance, coverage probability and expected length, of these confidence intervals. The results indicate that values of coverage probabilities of the new confidence interval based on Wald and Score are satisfied the nominal coverage and close to nominal level 0.95 in various situations, particularly, the former proposed confidence interval is better when sample sizes are small. Moreover, the expected lengths of the proposed confidence intervals are nearly difference when sample sizes are moderate to large. Therefore, in this study, the confidence interval for the difference of coefficients of variation which based on Wald is preferable than the other one confidence interval. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence%20interval" title="confidence interval">confidence interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=score%E2%80%99s%20interval" title=" score’s interval"> score’s interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wald%E2%80%99s%20interval" title=" wald’s interval"> wald’s interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20variation" title=" coefficient of variation"> coefficient of variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20distribution" title=" gamma distribution"> gamma distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20study" title=" simulation study"> simulation study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29254/asymptotic-confidence-intervals-for-the-difference-of-coefficients-of-variation-in-gamma-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2429</span> Impact of Climate Variation on Natural Vegetations and Human Lives in Thar Desert, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujo%20Meghwar">Sujo Meghwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulfqar%20Ali%20laghari"> Zulfqar Ali laghari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanji%20Harijan"> Kanji Harijan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhib%20Ali%20Lagari"> Muhib Ali Lagari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20M.%20Mastoi"> G. M. Mastoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammad%20Rind"> Ali Mohammad Rind</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thar Desert is the most populous Desert of the world. Climate variation in Thar Desert has induced an increase in the magnitude of drought. The variation in climate variation has caused a decrease in natural vegetations. Some plant species are eliminated forever. We have applied the SPI (standardized precipitation index) climate model to investigate the drought induced by climate change. We have gathered the anthropogenic response through a developed questionnaire. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 18. The met-data of two meteorological station elaborated by the time series has suggested an increase in temperature from 1-2.5 centigrade, the decrease in rain fall rainfall from 5-25% and reduction in humidity from 5-12 mm in the 20th century. The anthropogenic responses indicate high impact of climate change on human life and vegetations. Triangle data, we have collected, gives a new insight into the understanding of an association between climate change, drought and human activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thar%20desert" title="Thar desert">Thar desert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20impact" title=" human impact"> human impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetations" title=" vegetations"> vegetations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17974/impact-of-climate-variation-on-natural-vegetations-and-human-lives-in-thar-desert-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2428</span> The Role of Temporary Migration as Coping Mechanism of Weather Shock: Evidence from Selected Semi-Arid Tropic Villages in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalandi%20Charan%20Pradhan">Kalandi Charan Pradhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we investigate does weather variation determine temporary labour migration using 210 sample households from six Semi-Arid Tropic (SAT) villages for the period of 2005-2014 in India. The study has made an attempt to examine how households use temporary labour migration as a coping mechanism to minimise the risk rather than maximize the utility of the households. The study employs panel Logit regression model to predict the probability of household having at least one temporary labour migrant. As per as econometrics result, it is found that along with demographic and socioeconomic factors; weather variation plays an important role to determine the decision of migration at household level. In order to capture the weather variation, the study uses mean crop yield deviation over the study periods. Based on the random effect logit regression result, the study found that there is a concave relationship between weather variation and decision of temporary labour migration. This argument supports the theory of New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM), which highlights the decision of labour migration not only maximise the households’ utility but it helps to minimise the risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20migration" title="temporary migration">temporary migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20factors" title=" socioeconomic factors"> socioeconomic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20variation" title=" weather variation"> weather variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20yield" title=" crop yield"> crop yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logit%20estimation" title=" logit estimation"> logit estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85113/the-role-of-temporary-migration-as-coping-mechanism-of-weather-shock-evidence-from-selected-semi-arid-tropic-villages-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2427</span> Powering Pacemakers from Heart Pressure Variation with Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mathieu">A. Mathieu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Aubry"> B. Aubry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Chhim"> E. Chhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jobe"> M. Jobe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Arnaud"> M. Arnaud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present project consists in a study and a development of piezoelectric devices for supplying power to new generation pacemakers. They are miniaturized leadless implants without battery placed directly in right ventricle. Amongst different acceptable energy sources in cardiac environment, we choose the solution of a device based on conversion of the energy produced by pressure variation inside the heart into electrical energy. The proposed energy harvesters can meet the power requirements of pacemakers, and can be a good solution to solve the problem of regular surgical operation. With further development, proposed device should provide enough energy to allow pacemakers autonomy, and could be good candidate for next pacemaker generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvester" title="energy harvester">energy harvester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart" title=" heart"> heart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadless%20pacemaker" title=" leadless pacemaker"> leadless pacemaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20cells" title=" piezoelectric cells"> piezoelectric cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20variation" title=" pressure variation"> pressure variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13944/powering-pacemakers-from-heart-pressure-variation-with-piezoelectric-energy-harvesters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2426</span> Phonological Variation in the Speech of Grade 1 Teachers in Select Public Elementary Schools in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Leonora%20D.%20Guerrero">M. Leonora D. Guerrero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study attempted to uncover the most and least frequent phonological variation evident in the speech patterns of grade 1 teachers in select public elementary schools in the Philippines. It also determined the lectal description of the participants based on Tayao’s consonant charts for American and Philippine English. Descriptive method was utilized. A total of 24 grade 1 teachers participated in the study. The instrument used was word list. Each column in the word list is represented by words with the target consonant phonemes: labiodental fricatives f/ and /v/ and lingua-alveolar fricative /z/. These phonemes were in the initial, medial, and final positions, respectively. Findings of the study revealed that the most frequent variation happened when the participants read words with /z/ in the final position while the least frequent variation happened when the participants read words with /z/ in the initial position. The study likewise proved that the grade 1 teachers exhibited the segmental features of both the mesolect and basilect. Based on these results, it is suggested that teachers of English in the Philippines must aspire to manifest the features of the mesolect, if not, the acrolect since it is expected of the academicians not to be displaying the phonological features of the acrolects since this variety is only used by the 'uneducated.' This is especially so with grade 1 teachers who are often mimicked by their students who classify their speech as the 'standard.' <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consonant%20phonemes" title="consonant phonemes">consonant phonemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lectal%20description" title=" lectal description"> lectal description</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippine%20English" title=" Philippine English"> Philippine English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonological%20variation" title=" phonological variation"> phonological variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73753/phonological-variation-in-the-speech-of-grade-1-teachers-in-select-public-elementary-schools-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20seminorm&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20seminorm&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20seminorm&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20seminorm&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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