1938ء سے 2024ء تک: کرم میں فرقہ وارانہ کشیدگی کا تاریک باب - Opinions

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مندوری میں مسافر گاڑیوں کو فائرنگ کا نشانہ بنایا گیا۔</p> <p>اس اندوہناک واقعے میں 44 افراد جاں بحق ہوئے جن میں خواتین اور بچے بھی شامل تھے۔ انتقامی کارروائیوں میں لوئر کرم کی بگن مارکیٹ کو نذرآتش کیا گیا جس میں مزید 40 افراد کی اموات رپورٹ ہوئیں۔ فرقہ وارانہ فسادات کی اس تازہ ترین لہر سے قبل کرم میں جاری لڑائیوں میں جولائی میں 49، ستمبر میں 46 جبکہ اکتوبر میں 16 افراد جاں بحق ہوئے۔</p> <p> <figure class="media sm:w-1/2 w-full media--left media--embed media--uneven"> <div class="media__item media__item--newskitlink "> <iframe class="nk-iframe" onload="setInterval(()=>{try{this.style.height=this.contentWindow.document.body.scrollHeight+'px';}catch{}}, 100)" width="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="height:250px;position:relative" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20241203122924if_/https://www.dawnnews.tv/news/card/1247501" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-modals allow-forms"></iframe></div> </figure></p> <p>کرم تنازع کو سمجھنے کے لیے علاقے کی منفرد خصوصیات کا قریب سے تجزیہ کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔ سب سے پہلے اپنی جغرافیائی وقوع کی وجہ سے کرم کو انتہائی اسٹرٹیجک اہمیت حاصل ہے۔ کرم جسے امریکی ملٹری نے ’پیرٹ بیک‘ (طوطے کی چونچ) کا نام دیا، اس کی سرحدیں افغانستان سے ملتی ہیں جبکہ یہ دارالحکومت کابل سے کچھ ہی فاصلے پر واقع ہے۔</p> <p>اسی جغرافیائی خصوصیت کی وجہ سے یہ حیران کُن نہیں تھا کہ 1980ء کی دہائی میں افغان مجاہدین نے کرم کو جنگی بیس کے طور پر استعمال کیا۔ کرم کی سرحد سے متصل جاجی اور تورا بورا علاقے اسامہ بن لادن کا ہیڈ کوارٹر رہے جہاں اس نے اپنے جنگجوؤں کے لیے تربیتی کیمپ، مسعدہ (شیر کی غار) قائم کیا۔ اسامہ بن لادن اور صوفی محمد 11\9 حملوں کے بعد پاراچنار کے راستے افغانستان فرار ہوگئے تھے۔</p> <p>دوسری سب سے اہم بات یہ ہے کہ تقسیمِ ہند سے پہلے سے کرم میں فرقہ وارانہ کشیدگی کی ایک تاریخ وابستہ رہی ہے۔ 1938ء میں جب لکھنؤ میں فرقہ وارانہ فسادات ہوئے تو کرم کے کچھ قبائلیوں نے اپنے فرقے کے لوگوں کی حمایت میں مظاہرہ کرنے کی کوشش کی لیکن مخالف فرقے کی جانب سے انہیں مزاحمت کا سامنا کرنا پڑا اور یوں کرم میں فرقہ وارانہ فسادات نے جڑ پکڑی۔</p> <p>تقسیم ہند کے بعد فرقہ واریت کا پہلا واقعہ 1961ء میں سدہ میں محرم کے جلوس کے دوران پیش آیا۔ اس کے بعد 1971ء میں پاراچنار میں مسجد کے مینار کی تعمیر پر دونوں گروپوں میں جھڑپیں ہوئیں۔ بعدازاں 1987ء، 1996ء، 2007، 2008، 2010ء، 2011ء، 2020، 2022ء اور 2023ء میں بھی مختلف وجوہات کی بنا پر متعدد بار فرقہ وارانہ کشیدگی کے واقعات رونما ہوئے۔</p> <p>تیسری وجہ ضلع کرم ہے جہاں جن مسائل کا حل نہیں نکل پاتا، انہیں فرقہ واریت کا روپ دے دیا جاتا ہے۔ اگرچہ جنوبی وزیرستان کے محسود اور وزیر قبائل جبکہ شمالی وزیرستان میں داور اور وزیر قبائل کے درمیان بھی اختلافات ہیں لیکن ان میں فرقہ واریت کا عنصر شامل نہیں ہوتا جس کی وجہ سے یہ مقامی لوگوں تک ہی محدود رہتے ہیں۔ تاہم ضلع کرم میں زمین، جنگلات، پانی اور معدنیات پر لڑائیاں شدت اختیار کرلیتی ہیں اور یہ فرقہ وارانہ تنازع میں تبدیل ہوجاتی ہیں۔</p> <p>فی الوقت زمین کے بڑے تنازعات یا تو ایک مشترکہ علاقے جیسے بالش خیل، بشیرہ اور تائدا میں ہیں یا دو حریف دیہات جیسے پیوار (شیعہ) اور گیڈو (سنی) کے درمیان موجود ہیں یا غوز گڑھی (سنی) اور کنج علی زئی (شیعہ) کے آپس میں زمین پر تنازعات ہیں۔ اسی طرح خروٹی (سنی) اور پیوار گاؤں کے درمیان پانی کا تنازعہ ہے اور باداما (شیعہ) اور پاراچمکنی (سنی) گاؤں کے درمیان جنگل کے حوالے سے چپقلش ہے۔</p> <p>دلچسپ بات یہ ہے کہ 1901ء میں برطانیہ نے پہلی بار کرم میں زمین کا تنازعہ حل کیا تھا جس کے بعد 1944ء-1943ء میں بھی ایک اور تنازعہ حل کروایا۔ اس کے بعد دہائیوں کا وقفہ آیا اور 2021ء میں خیبرپختونخوا حکومت نے اپر کرم میں گیڈو، پیوار، بوشہرہ، دندار، اور غوز گڑھی کی متنازعہ اراضی (شاملات) کے تصفیے کے لیے ایک لینڈ کمیشن قائم کیا۔ لوئر کرم میں آباد کاری کے لیے جن علاقوں کی نشاندہی کی گئی ہے ان میں بالش خیل، شورکو اور سدہ شامل ہیں۔ اب تک 33 موضع میں سے 5 لاکھ کینال (62 ہزار 50 ایکڑ) کی اراضی کا معاملہ طے پایا ہے اور اسے ڈیجیٹائزڈ کیا گیا ہے جس کے بعد عمل درآمد کے لیے رپورٹ صوبائی حکومت کو ارسال کی گئی۔</p> <p> <figure class="media sm:w-1/2 w-full media--left media--embed media--uneven"> <div class="media__item media__item--newskitlink "> <iframe class="nk-iframe" onload="setInterval(()=>{try{this.style.height=this.contentWindow.document.body.scrollHeight+'px';}catch{}}, 100)" width="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="height:250px;position:relative" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20241203122924if_/https://www.dawnnews.tv/news/card/1239128" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-modals allow-forms"></iframe></div> </figure></p> <p>ضلع کرم کی منفرد آبادی چوتھی وجہ ہے۔ یہ خیبرپختونخوا کا واحد ضلع ہے جہاں شیعہ کمیونٹی اکثریت میں آباد ہیں جو اپر کرم اور اس کے ہیڈ کوارٹر پاراچنار میں زیادہ تعداد میں آباد ہیں۔ تاہم اپر کرم سے صوبے کے دیگر حصوں میں نقل و حرکت لوئر کرم کے ذریعے ممکن ہے جہاں زیادہ تر اہل سنت آباد ہے۔ جھڑپوں کے دوران یہ راستہ بند ہوجاتا ہے اور رہائشیوں کو پشاور پہنچنے کے لیے گردیز اور ننگرہار کے راستے سفر کرنا پڑتا ہے۔</p> <p>پانچویں وجہ 1979ء کے دو اہم واقعات، افغانستان پر سوویت حملہ اور ایران میں انقلاب ہیں جنہوں نے ایک نظریاتی بنیاد فراہم کرکے فرقہ وارانہ منظر نامے کو تبدیل کیا۔ مزید یہ کہ شام، افغانستان اور عراق جیسے ممالک میں مقامی سطح پر تشدد کے استعمال میں اضافہ ہوا ہے۔ کرم میں کشیدگی کے دوران نہ صرف ان ممالک کے جنگجوؤں اپنی مہارت کا مظاہرہ کرتے ہیں بلکہ انہیں کی بدولت مقامی جھڑپوں میں جدید ترین ہتھیار بھی نظر آتے ہیں۔ لشکر جھنگوی، سپاہ صحابہ، سپاہ محمد پاکستان، اسلامک اسٹیٹ گروپ، غازی فورس، تحریک طالبان پاکستان اور زینبیوں بریگیڈ جیسی کالعدم تنظیموں کے عناصر فرقہ وارانہ لڑائی کے دوران کرم کے حالات پر قریبی نظر رکھتے ہیں۔</p> <p>چھٹا امر یہ بھی ہے کہ غیر ملکی ہمدرد عناصر اور مقامی حامیوں کی جانب سے فنڈنگ، فرقہ وارانہ فسادات کو ہوا دیتی ہیں۔</p> <p>ساتویں وجہ یہ بھی ہے کہ فرنٹیئر کرائمز ریگولیشنز (ایف سی آر) کے ضوابط کے تحت اجتماعی ذمہ داری کی شق نے قبائل کو مجبور کیا کہ وہ اپنے علاقوں کی سڑکوں کی حفاظت کو یقینی بنائیں۔ چونکہ فاٹا خیبرپختوخوا میں ضم ہوچکا ہے اس لیے امن کو یقینی بنانا اب حکومت اور سیکورٹی فورسز کی ذمہ داری ہے۔</p> <p>اس کے علاوہ ’ملک برادری‘ کی ٹارگٹ کلنگ نے قبائلی ساکھ کو نقصان پہنچایا ہے جس سے جرگہ کا نظام غیر فعال ہوچکا ہے۔ اختتام میں شرپسند ڈیجیٹل عناصر جعلی خبروں اور پروپیگنڈے کے ذریعے سوشل میڈیا پر فرقہ وارانہ آگ کو بھڑکاتے ہیں۔</p> <p>اس مسئلے سے نکلنے کے لیے مختصر اور طویل مدتی دونوں حل موجود ہیں۔ استحکام کی جانب پہلا قدم یہ ہوگا کہ ایسے علاقوں کو ہتھیاروں سے پاک کیا جائے۔ محسود جو وزیرستان میں سب سے زیادہ ہتھیاروں سے لیس علاقہ تھا، فوج نے اسے ہتھیاروں سے پاک کردیا۔ وقت کی ضرورت ہے کہ ضلع کرم میں بھی اسی طرح کی مہم کا آغاز ہو۔</p> <p>دوسرا حل یہ ہے کہ اپر اور لوئر کرم کے تنازعات کے حوالے سے لینڈ سیٹلمنٹ کمیشن کی رپورٹ صوبائی حکومت کے پاس زیرِ التوا ہے جس پر فوری عمل درآمد کی ضرورت ہے۔ مزید یہ کہ کمیشن کو وسطی کرم کے زمینی تنازعات کو بھی ترجیحی بنیادوں پر حل کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔</p> <p> <figure class="media sm:w-1/2 w-full media--left media--embed media--uneven"> <div class="media__item media__item--newskitlink "> <iframe class="nk-iframe" onload="setInterval(()=>{try{this.style.height=this.contentWindow.document.body.scrollHeight+'px';}catch{}}, 100)" width="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="height:250px;position:relative" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20241203122924if_/https://www.dawnnews.tv/news/card/1246936" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-modals allow-forms"></iframe></div> </figure> تیسری تجویز یہ ہے کہ گورننس کو بہتر بنانے کے لیے کرم میں ضلعی انتظامیہ، پولیس، پراسیکیوشن، عدلیہ اور سیکیورٹی فورسز کے بہترین افسران تعینات کیے جائیں۔ سیکیورٹی فورسز کو مقامی آبادی کے اعتماد کے حصول کے لیے کوششیں کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔</p> <p>معمولی تنازعات پر توجہ مرکوز کرنے کے لیے ایک طریقہ کار کی ضرورت ہے کیونکہ یہ بڑے اختلافات میں تبدیل ہوجاتے ہیں۔ 2019ء لوکل گورنمنٹ ایکٹ کا اے ڈی آر پلیٹ فارم مقامی مسائل کو مذاکرات، باہمی تعاون کے قانون اور ثالثی کے ذریعے حل کرنے میں مددگار ثابت ہو سکتا ہے۔</p> <p>سب سے آخر میں غیر ملکی تربیت یافتہ انتہا پسندوں کے خلاف انسداد دہشت گردی ایکٹ کے فورتھ شیڈول کے تحت سخت کارروائی کی جائے۔ اس میں ان کی مقامی نقل و حرکت کو محدود کرنا، ہوائی اڈوں پر پاسپورٹ کنٹرول کو نافذ کرنا اور ان کے بینک اکاؤنٹس کو منجمد کرنا شامل ہے۔</p> <p>تجاویز پر عمل درآمد سب سے بڑی حکمت عملی ہے۔ بصورت دیگر کرم کی فرقہ وارانہ کشیدگی ان دیگر شہروں جیسے کوہاٹ، ڈیرہ اسمعٰیل خان، گلگت، کوئٹہ اور کراچی میں بھی پھیل سکتی ہے جہاں فرقہ وارانہ اختلافات موجود ہیں۔</p> <hr/> <p>یہ تحریر انگریزی میں <strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241203122924/https://www.dawn.com/news/1875263/kurram-carnage">پڑھیے</a></strong>۔</p> </div> <div class="grid grid-flow-col justify-start -mx-4 mt-3 px-10 py-3 gap-4 sm:gap-10" style="background:rgba(70,70,70,0.1)"> <a class="outline-none social js-social-whatsapp hover:text-green-500" target="_blank" href="//web.archive.org/web/20241203122924/https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=1938%D8%A1%20%D8%B3%DB%92%202024%D8%A1%20%D8%AA%DA%A9%3A%20%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%20%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA%20%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%81%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81%20%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%20%DA%A9%D8%A7%20%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%0A%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawnnews.tv%2Fnews%2F1247505%3Fref%3Dwhatsapp"> <svg 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