CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9277e126fd464074',cH: 'L6hzA_2ciOwuF9.YmAFDk0fDnskNbZY8ms2DUlv9NfQ-1743172793-1.2.1.1-6_IoW64a03EfUXnvTsozgqOrvQ1N2IIHlScQ7na4E_iCfJnKqp52sdNijsTgHkwm',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/03610929008830198?__cf_chl_tk=nR3HzQM1HBuMehpy996LGb2qgv1F.l8rqDrADjHq4F4-1743172793-1.0.1.1-R9Z6NU5DKEpegPI6NM1GTTfPFhzt07DAGadA1uHIw1c",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743172793',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/03610929008830198?__cf_chl_f_tk=nR3HzQM1HBuMehpy996LGb2qgv1F.l8rqDrADjHq4F4-1743172793-1.0.1.1-R9Z6NU5DKEpegPI6NM1GTTfPFhzt07DAGadA1uHIw1c",md: "mgGYn0SOZy_kWZF92zKOAvcxMrY9oj_zF8JB3reHhzs-1743172793-1.2.1.1-Wx7d4OzCu_DGOdhvfXnpuZCN4loUIDWSWJXYwm3Ps6yApF1O6WjbLJR4dZ22jEi2UKFCrLz0ZN9uC2OHM5BM4ZDSnLWFUxOuwe7YyKU6R839eP6grMYlVGE9mt3xToJd8tEAWgYsYYvwAU3sIKHl8_x8wP00YMo5vQdKCiBxAxrPjBLQ2jYF0fX1aU8QkftZ8zthaQ.GRjuXBXB7w.r3vBRTKChtC20iKL9NyYsVdQ9Skvq2eIOwsBrENhTdBaMz5UXWDjky68m7xzK.iY7xRvPFk.LB6Ibs6znUYICHMUGyM97khJA3FeAQawMSJc_9jKGz3nhEdXcMYCOq9C7Ccn122xVbCDfK2YRV8SGTtv9I887MkblX1j75dKgM.dHulGwhUOFe4V_Ie7heZQMqHDI2oR5Oq37wDjRAfu55zxAndv1hqLxEqIsZ5us.ybSciIMxtwnUzUtygfjmBQBfZxHpSndIUWOajt3wfb7dQqbbumVlp0Rx3QLzJ6a5Io6DpqjhfpBZSWj5SavnQNxzvM.G4kv8xfyT8azUO_EbpVczks2GbhL.v0EKcyGQyZ9kPox_TmxZCuVUqx9pKHFSX4lEdez2gKUrk8GCBTOJrWrjvDeOI4L4ZFIRTEkopfjszklrBZw._LoMUW3mDAvxvaHXT6lh4HuG4aqyM179J9UEUQJ5As9amyvi6ONYgf83jr6r7.Q90Eid0EI_grM5z8_fMfs0_Q7.nm7N6t8ZKo4r6N2reTX9WeA1QvjnMKNJLFYab7AweM8Bvn3D.jNF8J7CYKYf7bYUf_nxXrvF7fLxYdKXjV0F85yXhPrGJ2oicl75wlYSuUjRYLtune_ZicPeL6GfbFbiO5s5gONKTc5KNFfEAuj8a.rbA5fNrayTmRjpy0NWtNFARxqNODOJ4iQR8dwNONpba4aGP06QX_RBZH0FEwbDZ6I6Lvflf9G5r4fmowTAzAR06oU9tgCUoQ6OVLQQFbiwig6ubLBR_pC_CEBuUqHWejki4gnaGIreg6ivAzJfbB_jGeX6zcsK0NQSZ1sVp2L8vfeFo9fnKZx3HEGNG14fQwCMKZgKB.fALpiBRdnA8v3gZz8U4z2OVoC7SvRZFf1EOPiy3wCLLVOJWjCJFQemV9u98FVyqsZqGNALqzFUOt7RPiBE55MdWykx7jpnXFEHelZ7Rz4sK1GXi30clpGFmXfgjFVLmottRDTkrHtiV3p8p5KpIM7HAgUe4S1ljhv87OCy4vdfklB9m1f2YYuZqinV37sYgepFzdh5LCgD961lb2IwJjmtYOwXtjx3hB1.FPG7ifq5lQM",mdrd: "dIvleSPIjcTk0H.rMXitLaJCWk.MzAkLqjATcRrNlvI-1743172793-1.2.1.1-0fw1ygf7ihp5X_ePfUkIAeRHNtVarcoZxqzX4mEfpWTAxPmBTInwSRUBUEvJJYP9_hLCgnf5HnlphxqGRhxu289jt.HFIgoJwDwIPh7Zi8UXOdA46KzRRRgQ_fG8ywJs9WIzJETKqWLydZuXOBnWoLMYhSp5PI95zucfnINspYAJdjJhJ7tGWz1tB5iRleL5r71JOeWKedkXXTIeTcyeNPBHex.VOgIq9px55ZSRmTmAAYdFpPnXbQMWRBXS75BQtrtx62Tjjd8THdnaxbM9X.AlUmuWjUucj1uB6gKtuOV8fXBOxS3y8QOHZJ2se4gh7zdEzgjnTgqrwRGJhJ0QHJ7BfudtIn0buRufnuIlF6Rhv71OcJxy4h17xn54yK.B4ry8e5UV5zumSpOtrNyW3eK4jUkJ_bVszP.sezKOQ6U0CqlrusrWPm.VTVpKmvOWxRMipQTM2xyrvZwLjH3SJPix5ac1mjimrecB.UYnRAnhV9CzgpAVNNn.7KHb6eFmbZ0eDE9906xQRmajUZgwES7XBT2CeeqUQjlIch5eOv_w544cITxvzA1IG8saUTL8OzAP_uvAP61XzlXRhWbjfavwna8Ld60kCtlRmujPs9kv.LQfMxMn1MNjz5K5u187X2iyyakfulbjRgVfDgS3FOb4eDtuOJ04yxXfhiOu2rRMmTzYhyrz_1H4VC7p8QwCJmtmmx5qRD.Apiv6iTVu4OCoiQwg2.k22oBRv7nYeH1J8eOk6QwCTeEvh8VH5nb7nTGDrUypN4VfrinHzSaIXW13xzWtJrav4AoKwbpv7LBdhXMi2o1L3RVRcddkxx6oskqOkQJJxSf8b6D2G7Yob9ltV4TRFwQK6r8iiB5MpAeZQbCVDrYl2nAl2IFBK7Q6JVFr3S5MzeMND7sV1WQgpA6CzWYriayjjnV.9KqTNWnk7GGt64k7uC6kb7VIJiDme5M2VMkMIx8CnGLoKtDXCyncGqUmcbJd67w2o0za2_CaO7fJDM9VoT4sCe9qZfDLEIrvSPXVJaF3WyQ_hS7s65WPWtKt.Kp.jxCIhRS7ru79vzs9VkhHR6eo06Wg2DFCS8OFUiVlLmQGa3XoVfNLBYw8XbAlGmmbuLu2UIiy8xB0EmlZ4HfsBx7S3IM0XZn7d88LeVchzY3xNeLdfTc8yJ4UTseuMQC6o_Gwvm5tNX5wafeqOhp7WGPwwAsSJouK8znt3.7V9z3.i3Qy5PJ3ZteyHMj3oSxhSrjaRPZhbG8DwNGuVho82KgnZ4uOtWcm9bMYj9xXHqfh7x9HcDKhJqw370bTqU3SEjzT15J_stWZ7ng6HdjH8S3iOxJZ2pekBGUUxl31vGgY_A9wF.4vZ6202ZTydnYwD_HhmOglpCW_OrT.U6_i.eiTuQhOggEBF1RXx3rRQP0vKYOfJn02cY5mjqxv4DIlFyMs9JecqST_.mVW6j57o3375vgVPB_B6XpXDhPaJF926Ep4Emr3hGD4fq9yq2TXZyZ9CghmySn31dRDC5g3Dfq7b0vlwfN7.D42MaXhCuIXiQLI6ikDQKuEZnFiGrkfOBfMjcrJnys7XtFdHlDKgvGo03d1Z44pg771_kZX1B1wKWMy1y1WDBvdJAZm78QeQZ1nTbM.3TOTDITVPWLvQgFOW7cvPZ6r5zbyku8llHKfWHiD99kcxmTAl3_M9JLtCLP3MT4mvlXXojcZRDnwd9KffFqD9WR7SOzcQsv8J1tZBUo8l9cuQPHjs2J1SmfzhpOB4kaJLHugibyxr4duB7SAB1.NaTJUmReWtsU5rvX00UPgqrcvd8nJG419VKMd67lxuO0qSDf7HD3v6gWTWPOOS5bbmTM4wNIhrM7_zFnttH1iyx5ae923GionnBQA2QC7U.hdnM2mxQO3s3m1.eg_8UYUPyvEa9xMDtnzQ15RsOMmnnKg9c1tTsBVv9NZN.aOEicmWDSGRgEfaWmyxXLJtkK0R8o8JT9HBbVDFLajjAQO7FaU1VzQuLxdqI_7gL_WkN3KV7JSYfV.f4wEdRxldM8cGmQavL9IDdLP84o6i0U5.vNUew"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9277e126fd464074';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/03610929008830198?__cf_chl_rt_tk=nR3HzQM1HBuMehpy996LGb2qgv1F.l8rqDrADjHq4F4-1743172793-1.0.1.1-R9Z6NU5DKEpegPI6NM1GTTfPFhzt07DAGadA1uHIw1c" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>