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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ur.wikipedia.org&uselang=ur"><span>عطیہ دیجیے</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>داخل ہوں</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="ترمیم کاری کے متعلق مزید تفصیلات"><span>مزید تفصیلات</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="اس آئی پی پتے سے انجام دی جانے والی تمام ترامیم کی فہرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>شراکتیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس آئی پی پتے کی ترامیم سے متعلق گفتگو [n]" accesskey="n"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ویب گاہ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مندرجات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مندرجات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دیباچہ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-مزید_دیکھیے" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مزید_دیکھیے"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>مزید دیکھیے</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مزید_دیکھیے-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-بیرونی_روابط" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#بیرونی_روابط"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>بیرونی روابط</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-بیرونی_روابط-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مندرجات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="فہرست عناوین دیکھیں" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">فہرست عناوین دیکھیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">خواندگی</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 زبانیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="محو الأمية – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محو الأمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="سواد – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سواد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Literacy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geletterdheid" title="Geletterdheid – افریقی" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geletterdheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetisierung_(Lesef%C3%A4higkeit)" title="Alphabetisierung (Lesefähigkeit) – سوئس جرمن" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alphabetisierung (Lesefähigkeit)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="سوئس جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetizaci%C3%B3n" title="Alfabetización – اراگونیز" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfabetización" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সাক্ষৰতা – آسامی" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাক্ষৰতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="آسامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetizaci%C3%B3n" title="Alfabetización – اسٹوریائی" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٹوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balikukalan" title="Balikukalan – بمبارا" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Balikukalan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="بمبارا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সাক্ষরতা – بنگلہ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাক্ষরতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلہ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat-j%C4%AB" title="Bat-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bat-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%A1%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D1%8F%D2%99%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Уҡый-яҙа белеү – باشکیر" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Уҡый-яҙа белеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکیر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Граматнасць – بیلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граматнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Пісьменнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пісьменнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0" title="साक्षरता दर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="साक्षरता दर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Грамотност – بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грамотност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismenost" title="Pismenost – بوسنیائی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pismenost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deski%C3%B1_lenn_ha_skriva%C3%B1" title="Deskiñ lenn ha skrivañ – بریٹن" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Deskiñ lenn ha skrivañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="بریٹن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetisme" title="Alfabetisme – کیٹالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabetisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کیٹالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramotnost" title="Gramotnost – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gramotnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llythrennedd" title="Llythrennedd – ویلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llythrennedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ویلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6sef%C3%A6rdighed" title="Læsefærdighed – ڈینش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Læsefærdighed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڈینش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84" title="تسكويل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تسكويل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetisierung_(Lesef%C3%A4higkeit)" title="Alphabetisierung (Lesefähigkeit) – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alphabetisierung (Lesefähigkeit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjaoskus" title="Kirjaoskus – اسٹونین" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirjaoskus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="اسٹونین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αλφαβητισμός – یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφαβητισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetizaci%C3%B3n" title="Alfabetización – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabetización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بہترین مضمون"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legoscio" title="Legoscio – ایسپرانٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Legoscio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپرانٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetatze" title="Alfabetatze – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabetatze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Literacy" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphab%C3%A9tisation" title="Alphabétisation – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabétisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetizaci%C3%B3n" title="Alfabetización – گالیشیائی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabetización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیشیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE" title="નિરક્ષરતા – گجراتی" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નિરક્ષરતા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="گجراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%B4" title="문해 – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գրագիտություն – آرمینیائی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="साक्षरता – ہندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साक्षरता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismenost" title="Pismenost – کراتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pismenost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literasia" title="Literasia – ایلوکو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Literasia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ایلوکو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melek_aksara" title="Melek aksara – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Melek aksara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetisation" title="Alphabetisation – بین لسانیات" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alphabetisation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="بین لسانیات" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6si" title="Læsi – آئس لینڈک" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Læsi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئس لینڈک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetizzazione" title="Alfabetizzazione – اطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabetizzazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אוריינות – عبرانی" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוריינות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبرانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಸಾಕ್ಷರತೆ – کنّاڈا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾಕ್ಷರತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="کنّاڈا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Къара таныу – کراچے بالکر" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къара таныу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="کراچے بالکر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Сауаттылық – قزاخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сауаттылық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwezo_wa_kusoma_na_kuandika" title="Uwezo wa kusoma na kuandika – سواحلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uwezo wa kusoma na kuandika" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet%C3%AEzm" title="Alfabetîzm – کردش" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfabetîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Сабаттуулук – کرغیزی" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сабаттуулук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetismus" title="Alphabetismus – لاطینی" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alphabetismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakstprat%C4%ABba" title="Rakstpratība – لیٹوین" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rakstpratība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لیٹوین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1tingumas" title="Raštingumas – لیتھوینین" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Raštingumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتھوینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetiseringsgraod" title="Alfabetiseringsgraod – لیمبرگش" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alfabetiseringsgraod" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لیمبرگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetisme" title="Alfabetisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabetisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcidu" title="tcidu – لوجبان" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcidu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="لوجبان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetizaziun" title="Alfabetizaziun – لومبارڈ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alfabetizaziun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="لومبارڈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1stud%C3%A1s" title="Írástudás – ہنگیرین" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Írástudás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ہنگیرین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literasi" title="Literasi – مدورسی" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Literasi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="مدورسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="साक्षरता – میتھیلی" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="साक्षरता" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="میتھیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="منتخب مضمون"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Писменост – مقدونیائی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Писменост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahaizana_mamaky_sy_manoratra" title="Fahaizana mamaky sy manoratra – ملاگاسی" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fahaizana mamaky sy manoratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملاگاسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4" title="സാക്ഷരത – مالایالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാക്ഷരത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="साक्षरता – مراٹهی" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साक्षरता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراٹهی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celik_huruf" title="Celik huruf – مالے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Celik huruf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geletterdheid" title="Geletterdheid – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geletterdheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="साक्षरता – نیپالی" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साक्षरता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نیپالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="साक्षरता – نیواری" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="साक्षरता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نیواری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97" title="識字 – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="識字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Йоза хаар – چیچن" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йоза хаар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="چیچن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeskonst" title="Leeskonst – شمالی فریزئین" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Leeskonst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="شمالی فریزئین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesekyndighet" title="Lesekyndighet – نارویجین بوکمل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lesekyndighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارویجین بوکمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesekunne" title="Lesekunne – نارویجین نینورسک" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lesekunne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارویجین نینورسک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetisme" title="Alfabetisme – آکسیٹان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabetisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="آکسیٹان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savodlilik" title="Savodlilik – ازبیک" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Savodlilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਾਖਰਤਾ – پنجابی" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਖਰਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D9%86_%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%86" title="پڑھن لکھن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پڑھن لکھن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="سواد – پشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سواد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98" title="អក្ខរកម្ម – خمیر" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អក្ខរកម្ម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="خمیر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetisassion" title="Alfabetisassion – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfabetisassion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leesverm%C3%B6gen" title="Leesvermögen – ادنی جرمن" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Leesvermögen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ادنی جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetyzm" title="Alfabetyzm – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabetyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Alfabetização – پُرتگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabetização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پُرتگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savat" title="Savat – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Savat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetizare" title="Alfabetizare – رومینین" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ґрамотность – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґрамотность" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Грамотность – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамотность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="साक्षरता – سنسکرت" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="साक्षरता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="سنسکرت" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ – سنتالی" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="سنتالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkrim-leximi" title="Shkrim-leximi – البانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkrim-leximi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="البانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabbetizzazioni" title="Alfabbetizzazioni – سیسیلین" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alfabbetizzazioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیسیلین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Literacy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramotnos%C5%A5" title="Gramotnosť – سلوواک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gramotnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismenost" title="Pismenost – سلووینیائی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pismenost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلووینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="خوێندەواری – سینٹرل کردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێندەواری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="سینٹرل کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Писменост – سربین" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Писменост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismenost" title="Pismenost – سربو-کروئیشین" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pismenost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سربو-کروئیشین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukutaito" title="Lukutaito – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lukutaito" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4skunnighet" title="Läskunnighet – سویڈش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Läskunnighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویڈش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literasi" title="Literasi – ٹیگا لوگ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Literasi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ٹیگا لوگ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="எழுத்தறிவு – تمل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழுத்தறிவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A4" title="అక్షరాస్యత – تیلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అక్షరాస్యత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تیلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="การรู้หนังสือ – تھائی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การรู้หนังสือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تھائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Савод – تاجک" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Савод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okuryazarl%C4%B1k" title="Okuryazarlık – ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Okuryazarlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Грамотність – یوکرینیائی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грамотність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوکرینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_ch%E1%BB%AF" title="Biết chữ – ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biết chữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inadman" title="Inadman – وارے" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inadman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%86%E5%AD%97" title="识字 – وو چائینیز" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="识字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چائینیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98" title="ליטעראט – یدش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטעראט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="یدش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97" title="識字 – کینٹونیز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="識字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کینٹونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1tingoms" title="Raštingoms – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Raštingoms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97" title="識字 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="識字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celik_huruf" title="Celik huruf – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Celik huruf" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C9%94wlan-ny%C9%94xa" title="Nyɔwlan-nyɔxa – فون" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Nyɔwlan-nyɔxa" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="فون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8236#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ترمیم بین اللسانی روابط" class="wbc-editpage">ترمیم روابط</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضائے نام"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="مواد پر مشتمل صفحہ دیکھیں [c]" accesskey="c"><span>صفحہ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%82_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84:%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" rel="discussion" title="مضمون کے متعلق گفتگو کریں [t]" accesskey="t"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ur" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Literacy_rate_world-2009UNDP.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Literacy_rate_world-2009UNDP.gif/300px-Literacy_rate_world-2009UNDP.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Literacy_rate_world-2009UNDP.gif/450px-Literacy_rate_world-2009UNDP.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Literacy_rate_world-2009UNDP.gif/600px-Literacy_rate_world-2009UNDP.gif 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>عالمی شرح خواندگی کا جائزہ</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:World_illiteracy_1970-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/World_illiteracy_1970-2010.svg/300px-World_illiteracy_1970-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/World_illiteracy_1970-2010.svg/450px-World_illiteracy_1970-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/World_illiteracy_1970-2010.svg/600px-World_illiteracy_1970-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>دنیا بھر میں 1970ء سے 2005ء کے درمیان شرح خواندگی میں 50 فیصد کمی واقع ہوئی</figcaption></figure> <p><b>خواندگی</b> کو روایتی طور پر پڑھنے اور لکھنے کی صلاحیت سے تعبیر کیا جاتا ہے۔ خواندگی بارے پڑھنے اور لکھنے کی صلاحیت کا نظریہ <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="نصاب">نصابی</a> میدان میں روایتی طور پر رائج ہے۔<br /> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81" title="اقوام متحدہ">اقوام متحدہ</a> کا ادارہ برائے تعلیم، سائنس و تہذیب یا <a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="یونیسکو">یونیسکو</a> کے مطابق خواندگی سے مراد کسی بھی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تحریر">تحریری</a> یا زبانی مواد کو پہچاننے، سمجھنے، تشریح کرنے، تخلیق، رابطہ کاری اور شمار کرنے کی صلاحیت ہے۔ خواندگی کا تعلق کسی بھی فرد کا مسلسل سیکھنے کے عمل سے بھی ہے، جس کی مدد سے نہ صرف وہ انفرادی اہداف کا حصول ممکن بناتا ہے بلکہ اس کے ساتھ ساتھ علم اور استعداد میں اضافے اور وسیع تر سماج کی تشکیل میں بہتر و مثبت عمل دخل کا باعث بنتا ہے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مزید_دیکھیے"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B2.DB.8C.D8.AF_.D8.AF.DB.8C.DA.A9.DA.BE.DB.8C.DB.92"></span>مزید دیکھیے</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: مزید دیکھیے"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>شرح خواندگی</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="خواندہ ماحول (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">خواندہ ماحول</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جدید خواندگی (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">جدید خواندگی</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="شماری (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">شماری</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سیاسی خواندگی (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">سیاسی خواندگی</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سائنسی خواندگی (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">سائنسی خواندگی</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="فہرست ممالک بلحاظ شرح خواندگی">فہرست ممالک بلحاظ شرح خواندگی</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="بیرونی_روابط"><span id=".D8.A8.DB.8C.D8.B1.D9.88.D9.86.DB.8C_.D8.B1.D9.88.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B7"></span>بیرونی روابط</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: بیرونی روابط"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/education/literacy">یونیسکو کا خواندگی بارے موقع جال</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalstrategies/primary/literacysubjectarea">بنیادی خواندگی بارے برطانیہ کی قومی پالیسی</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121223224312/http://www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalstrategies/primary/literacysubjectarea">آرکائیو شدہ</a> 2012-12-23 بذریعہ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.today (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">archive.today</a></li></ul> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">ویکی ذخائر پر <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Literacy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Literacy">خواندگی </a></b> سے متعلق سمعی و بصری مواد ملاحظہ کریں۔</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6353502">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب">کتاب</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">پیداوار</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookbinding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bookbinding (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Binding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_cover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book cover (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Covers</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_jacket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dust jacket (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">dust jackets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book design (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ادارت">ادارت</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_illustration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book illustration (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Illustration</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illuminated_manuscript&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illuminated manuscript (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Illuminated manuscript</a>s</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="طباعت">طباعت</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="انطباع">انطباع</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_printing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of printing (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">history</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incunable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incunable (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">incunabula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limited_edition_books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limited edition books (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">limited edition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publishing (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_copy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advance copy (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">advance copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF" title="مجلد">مجلد</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paperback&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paperback (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">paperback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_size&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book size (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typesetting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Typesetting (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Typesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volume_(bibliography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volume (bibliography) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Volume (bibliography)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collection_(publishing)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collection (publishing) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Collection (publishing)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book series (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Book series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">کھپت</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literary_award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literary award (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4" title="بالا فروش">بالا فروش</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کتابیات">کتابیات</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliomania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliomania (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Bibliomania</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsundoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsundoku (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">tsundoku</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliophilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliophilia (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliotherapy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliotherapy (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Bibliotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bookmark (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookselling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bookselling (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Bookselling</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blurb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blurb (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">blurbs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_town&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book town (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">book town</a>s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="مستعمل کتاب">مستعمل کتاب</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_censorship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book censorship (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_discussion_club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book discussion club (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_collecting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book collecting (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_scanning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book scanning (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Digitizing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bookworm (insect) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Bookworm (insect)</a></li> <li>Furniture <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookcase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bookcase (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">bookcases</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bookend (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">bookends</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="کتب خانہ">کتب خانہ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Print_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Print culture (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Print culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%81" title="مطالعہ">مطالعہ</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">خواندگی</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book review (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Reviews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">بلحاظ ملک</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="برازیل میں کتابوں کی تاریخ (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">برازیل</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books in France (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">فرانس</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_in_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books in Germany (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">جرمنی</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books in Italy (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">اطالیہ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese books (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">جاپان</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books in the Netherlands (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">نیدرلینڈز</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_and_publishing_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books and publishing in Pakistan (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">پاکستان</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_in_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books in Spain (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">ہسپانیہ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books in the United Kingdom (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">مملکت متحدہ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Books_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Books in the United States (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">ریاستہائے متحدہ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">دیگر</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Genres <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_book&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fictional book (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_book&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miniature book (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">miniature</a></li> <li><a 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