CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"3132ed34d6",applicationID:"70694961"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <title>Contact Us · PharmD-PhD Degree Program · UCSF School of Pharmacy</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?v=20161201"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon-32x32.png?v=20161201" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon-194x194.png?v=20161201" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/android-chrome-192x192.png?v=20161201" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon-16x16.png?v=20161201" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/manifest.json?v=20161201"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=20161201" color="#90bd31"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/favicon.ico?v=20161201"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="School of Pharmacy"> <meta name="application-name" content="School of Pharmacy"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/mstile-144x144.png?v=20161201"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/browserconfig.xml?v=20161201"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__HebrV4tFwxDZ1b9vhlacTqYgPxRuqCiiFvldzHKwPeE__t3zJPsLiSRDTfkC9ANb8bQboZgPpLWMNlpYK3hKEyXA__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__ePlcdKGGVug03GrMIaGNP4oxfY9eE0ohwvae21x89JE__yb8f5ibrLwhnMOcYJMtVK6JLq2YYW_olFqfW4_t8oQY__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__mQ6VuIrKQsACMPr_H1zG61XI3eYzvfbAdv5ltKxQ4iM__tm8mqnI9eOCHrWg5kP1oFyIIrFa53r8aFxlnedsul2c__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__WYtrqprX8RlxME-RSsFudXN9dh9mQvxGZaIEs3Tlass__mtKFcj9_WweGdHo7moEGnLICuxddj67k2u0u7q_2dXA__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__7MBzlavTXw9bK-VcVWe3kKPpbgYCuBp697LfdBdjM9M__0nZ1EFoBABLFncJUdsqwqY5u4eZe-m3d6Yu0xHieXuA__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_css/css__GejyFYl8Cav9hr_6xb7fRy_UHZGPzk6wB89k1_sqFBs__y0cwlzggi0PIFN-TG0T3270FOcNcc8s0mP6tQ2nrMOY__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.css" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__asGQqS1_cAYYnqAtzTnTGG_cE6H71nQCp5AUHETy86o__44HhuhnqBqCNDxsEyZRPGF7Mf6T8_CpEiOSbPPRr-KQ__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__ILTVLZQAG-KZaa1kb7qIVKpB9M3rA2ud_pZTeAQX5Lw__qlq_7bvBMCOhgjW1mvfj3FCZ2sCCd9OJphi5UWg3j2M__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__LzKJZUsEuqWCkxroeHswXmLNNTQeOVlTI7SzHWXMGJY__30I4tevQsPXnJEn326D4GLFY81PgOeY9rD56ni_lWb4__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__qkW2vn2QlusTdOzNChdDX8BLdok0wcCI1afHbiHcHf4__SRz5wEmUkveHZj3gHwOOnZbhv-JcJv6kIVEFNjoozk8__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-42935348-1"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://use.fontawesome.com/90945e9ffc.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__NzZX7hItE0HtRY4pq-aRuhUI0kWqT49hw0Z4EZQmEJs__DBqg5aEXrKf2kpa8VYYLkie1vQe-4Ggfu_Ik4cZo0dM__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script>  <meta name="pageID" content="19891"/><meta name="description" content="For all UCSF PharmD-PhD questions, please contact Leslie Carstensen Floren, PharmD, PhD, MA. Doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degree program PhD Degree Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics (PSPG)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/pharmd-phd/contact" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="PharmD-PhD Degree Program" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/pharmd-phd/contact" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Contact Us · PharmD-PhD Degree Program" /> <meta property="og:description" content="For all UCSF PharmD-PhD questions, please contact Leslie Carstensen Floren, PharmD, PhD, MA. Doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degree program PhD Degree Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics (PSPG)" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2023-07-10T17:08:07-07:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/pharmd-phd/contact" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Contact Us · PharmD-PhD Degree Program" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="For all UCSF PharmD-PhD questions, please contact Leslie Carstensen Floren, PharmD, PhD, MA. Doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degree program PhD Degree Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics (PSPG)" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in one-sidebar sidebar-first page-node page-node- page-node-19891 node-type-page domain-pharmd-phd node-published" >  <div class="skip tocontent"> <a href="#content">Skip to content</a> </div> <nav class="topbar" role="navigation" aria-label="University main menu"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ucsf.edu/">University of California San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu">UCSF School of Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ucsfhealth.org/">UCSF Health</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="logo-for-print-only"> <img src="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/themes/pharmacyoa/images/ucsf-dark-blue.svg" alt="UCSF"> </div> <div id="page" class="page theme-pharmacymicrosite is-domain-pharmd-phd is-microsite-secondary is-sop is-pharm page-type-11"> <div id="header" class="clearfix" role="banner"> <div id="menu-and-search-mobile"> <div id="search-mobile-controller" tabindex="0">Search</div> <div id="menu-mobile-controller"><div id="menu-mobile-controller-inner"><a href="https://www.ucsf.edu/">UCSF</a> <span id="menu-mobile-controller-menu-link" class="menu-link" tabindex="0">Menu</span></div></div> </div> <div id="menu-and-search"> <div id="search"> <form role="search" class="search-form" action="/pharmd-phd/contact" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline"> <div class="element-invisible">Search form</div> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-block-form"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-search-block-form--2">Search </label> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." aria-label="Search site" type="text" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-oIO5A6euo_YykY0Oqhh5S1e0kaP0r1fkAwm-jaBIWs8" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div> </div></form> </div> <div id="navigation" class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Site main menu"> <ul class="nice-menu nice-menu-right" id="nice-menu-1"><li class="menu-961286 menu-path-node-19861 first odd"><a href="/pharmd-phd" tabindex="0">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-961296 menu-path-node-19871 even"><a href="/pharmd-phd/benefits" tabindex="0">Benefits</a></li> <li class="menu-961771 menu-path-node-21226 odd"><a href="/pharmd-phd/apply" tabindex="0">How to Apply</a></li> <li class="menu-961306 menu-path-node-19881 even"><a href="/pharmd-phd/timeline" tabindex="0">Program Timeline</a></li> <li class="menu-961311 menu-path-node-19886 odd"><a href="/pharmd-phd/aid" tabindex="0">Financial Aid</a></li> <li class="menu-961321 menu-path-node-19901 even"><a href="/pharmd-phd/faq" tabindex="0">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li class="menu-961316 menu-path-node-19891 active-trail odd last"><a href="/pharmd-phd/contact" tabindex="0" class="active">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="lab-title-group"> <div class="lab-title"><a href="/pharmd-phd">PharmD-PhD Degree Program</a></div> </div> </div>  <div id="main" class="clearfix" role="main"> <div> <div id="content-inner" class="inner column center"> <div id="content-header"> <div class="tabs"></div> </div>  <div id="content-area" class="clearfix"> <h1>Contact Us</h1> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div id="node-19891" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/pharmd-phd/contact" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><h2>Questions?</h2> <p></p><div class="media media-element-container media-third ucsf-images-wrapping-right"><picture class="media-element file-third">  <source srcset="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_third/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=eInZ421l&timestamp=1642626766 1x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_three_quarters/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=ErwP7bdZ&timestamp=1642626766 2x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_full/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=i_gD2o3u&timestamp=1642626766 3x" media="(min-width: 1025px)"></source> <source srcset="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_quarter/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=Gpxmgajg&timestamp=1642626766 1x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_half/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=PeXDtXbw&timestamp=1642626766 2x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_three_quarters/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=ErwP7bdZ&timestamp=1642626766 3x" media="(min-width: 801px) and (max-width: 1024px)"></source> <source srcset="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_half/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=PeXDtXbw&timestamp=1642626766 1x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_full/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=i_gD2o3u&timestamp=1642626766 2x" media="(min-width: 641px) and (max-width: 800px)"></source> <source srcset="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_third/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=eInZ421l&timestamp=1642626766 1x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_three_quarters/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=ErwP7bdZ&timestamp=1642626766 2x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_full/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=i_gD2o3u&timestamp=1642626766 3x" media="(min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 640px)"></source> <source srcset="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_quarter/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=Gpxmgajg&timestamp=1642626766 1x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_half/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=PeXDtXbw&timestamp=1642626766 2x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_three_quarters/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=ErwP7bdZ&timestamp=1642626766 3x" media="(min-width: 431px) and (max-width: 480px)"></source> <source srcset="/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_quarter/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=Gpxmgajg&timestamp=1642626766 1x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_half/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=PeXDtXbw&timestamp=1642626766 2x, /sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/styles/lab_three_quarters/public/pharmd_phd/media-browser/ucsf-pharmd-doctor-of-pharmacy-degree-program.jpg?itok=ErwP7bdZ&timestamp=1642626766 3x" media="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 430px)"></source>    <img class="media-element file-third" srcset="" alt="Two PharmD students in a School hallway" title="" />  </picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image-credit-term field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even"><a href="https://elisabeth-fall.squarespace.com/" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Elisabeth Fall</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-image-caption field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>UCSF’s <a href="https://pharmd.ucsf.edu/">PharmD program</a> offers you a limitless future in health care and beyond.</p></div></div></div></div> <p>For all UCSF PharmD-PhD questions, please contact <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/leslie-carstensen-floren">Leslie Carstensen Floren, PharmD, PhD, MA</a>.</p> <h2>Related programs</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://pharmd.ucsf.edu">Doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degree program</a></li> <li><a href="https://pspg.ucsf.edu">PhD Degree Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics (PSPG)</a></li> </ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar-first"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div id="block-domain-menu-block-main-menu" class="block block-domain-menu-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="skip primary"> <a href="#postnav">Skip primary navigation</a> </div> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-main-menu menu-name-1bdd5c685e8456b0802c667d6ebd3dc8 parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-961286"><a href="/pharmd-phd" tabindex="0">Home</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-961296"><a href="/pharmd-phd/benefits" tabindex="0">Benefits</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-961771"><a href="/pharmd-phd/apply" tabindex="0">How to Apply</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-961306"><a href="/pharmd-phd/timeline" tabindex="0">Program Timeline</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-961311"><a href="/pharmd-phd/aid" tabindex="0">Financial Aid</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-961321"><a href="/pharmd-phd/faq" tabindex="0">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li class="last leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-961316"><a href="/pharmd-phd/contact" class="active-trail active" tabindex="0">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> <span id="postnav"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div role="complementary" class="footer-make-a-gift-and-quote"> <div class="footer-make-a-gift"> <a href="https://makeagift.ucsf.edu/site/SPageServer?pagename=A1_API_GeneralGivingForm&Primary=Pharmacy">Make a gift</a> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrapper-outer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer-wrapper-inner"> <div class="footer-site-names-and-disclaimer"> <div id="parent-1-name-wrapper"> <div id="parent-2-name"></div> <div id="parent-1-name"><a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/">School of Pharmacy</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="footer menu"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div id="block-menu-footer" class="block block-menu"> <h2>Footer Menu</h2> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/support?reporturl=https%3A//pharm.ucsf.edu/pharmd-phd/contact" tabindex="0">Report a problem</a></li> <li class="first leaf"><a href="https://websites.ucsf.edu/digital-accessibility" tabindex="0">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="first leaf"><a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/suggestions" tabindex="0">Suggestions</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.ucsf.edu/website-privacy-policy" tabindex="0">Privacy policy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://websites.ucsf.edu/website-terms-use" tabindex="0">Terms of use</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://websites.ucsf.edu/azlist" tabindex="0">A-Z website list</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/saml_login?destination=pharmd-phd/contact" tabindex="0">Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-social"> <div class="item-list"><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ucsfpharmacy" class="facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/ucsfpharmacy" class="youtube">YouTube</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="https://x.com/ucsfpharmacy" class="twitter">X</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="copyright"> © 2002–2024 The Regents of the University of California </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pharm.ucsf.edu/sites/pharm.ucsf.edu/files/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__4ZDS9Hjb2g1wcZ1YiOr1dgMtxsu_rgENwwDfaK8O-58.js" async="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"3132ed34d6","applicationID":"70694961","transactionName":"YFRUNUpZDUdUUEddV1kedwJMUQxaGl1cUF1oQVcGXWcVXVBE","queueTime":11,"applicationTime":367,"atts":"TBNXQwJDHkk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>