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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Help:Files</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid 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.mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CMF"></span><span id="WP:CUM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CMF&redirect=no">WP:CMF</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CUM&redirect=no">WP:CUM</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> Images, audio and video files must be uploaded into Wikipedia using the "Upload file" link on the left-hand navigation bar. Only <a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">logged in</a> users <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Images and other uploaded files">can upload files</a>. Once a file is uploaded, other pages can include or link to the file. Uploaded files are given the "File:" prefix by the system, and each one has an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_description_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Image description page">image description page</a>. Please consider uploading freely licensed content to the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> instead of here. This allows the files to be used in articles instantly by all Wikimedia projects. Files from <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> use the same syntax described below, there is no extra step needed. The maximum size of an uploaded file is 100 <a href="/wiki/Megabytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabytes">megabytes</a>. The following file types may be uploaded: <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">png</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Interchange Format">gif</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">jpg</a>/<a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">jpeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)">xcf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">pdf</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">mid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">ogg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">ogv</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">oga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">svg</a>, <a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">djvu</a> and <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">webm</a>. note: pdf and djvu are intended primarily for projects like <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm/250px--Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="200" data-durationhint="180" data-mwtitle="Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="600" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="900" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="1280" data-height="1024"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="180" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="300" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="450" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm/Editing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="450" data-height="360"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=arz&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="arz" label="مصرى ‪(arz)‬" data-dir="rtl"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ca" label="català ‪(ca)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=cs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cs" label="čeština ‪(cs)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=gl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gl" label="galego ‪(gl)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=sc&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sc" label="sardu ‪(sc)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=sv&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sv" label="svenska ‪(sv)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEditing_basics_-_Uploading_and_adding_images.webm&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></video></span><figcaption>A screencast that walks through how to upload files to Wikimedia Commons and add them to Wikipedia articles.</figcaption></figure> <p>If you want to give a link to the file description page in an article, use an extra colon at the front, <i>e.g.</i>, "<code>[[:File:<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pgn" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pgn">pagename</a></i></code>". If you type "<code>[[Media:<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pgn" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pgn">pagename</a></i>]]</code>", a download link to the media file is created. The page name will contain the file type such as <i>pagename</i>.jpg. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Special_characters_and_math"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Special characters and math</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Text_files"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Text files</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Images"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Images</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Image_usage"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Image usage</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Audio"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Audio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Audio_usage"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Audio usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Lists_of_uploaded_music"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lists of uploaded music</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Lists_of_uploaded_spoken_articles"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Lists of uploaded spoken articles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Further_information_on_audio_files"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Further information on audio files</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Video"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Video</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Limitations_and_implementation_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Limitations and implementation issues</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Useful_software"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Useful software</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Video_usage"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Video usage</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Embedding_video"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Embedding video</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Setting_a_video_thumbnail_image"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Setting a video thumbnail image</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Temporal_media_fragments"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Temporal media fragments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Linking_to_a_video"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Linking to a video</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Related_WikiProjects"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Related WikiProjects</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Moving_files_to_Commons"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Moving files to Commons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Special_characters_and_math" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_characters_and_math"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_characters_and_math"></span>Special characters and math<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_characters_and_math"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Special characters and math" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>It is not necessary to upload images to use special characters or even complex mathematical expressions. </p><p>Wikipedia uses a <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> encoding scheme, which means that any <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> character can and should be entered directly. See <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Special characters">m:Help:Special characters</a> for details and help. (You can also use <a href="/wiki/SGML_entity" title="SGML entity">SGML entities</a> for certain characters, such as <code>&amp;</code> for & or <code>&#233;</code> for é.) </p><p>For mathematical formulae, we use <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> markup. For help and instructions, see <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Formula" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Formula">m:Help:Formula</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Text_files" data-mw-thread-id="h-Text_files"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Text_files"></span>Text files<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Text_files"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Text files" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Please do not upload plain text (<a href="/wiki/Text_file" title="Text file">.txt</a>), <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> (.doc), or text files in other formats. Instead, please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_start_a_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:How to start a page">start a new page</a> and input the text using standard wiki formatting. Please do not dump text into Wikipedia unless you wrote it yourself, or you know that it meets the project's stringent copyright licensing requirements. </p><p>In rare cases an HTML file is uploaded, for example as a test or demonstration. </p><p>Occasionally a <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> file is uploaded. However, most PDFs should be converted into wikitext. Source documents should be uploaded to <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> instead. </p><p>For a discussion on uploading spreadsheets, see the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:Creation and usage of media files">talk page</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Images"></span>Images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Images"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Images" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Wikipedia:Uploading images</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_uploading_images/1" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Introduction to uploading images/1">Introduction to uploading images</a></div> <p>Typically the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:First_steps" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:First steps">first step</a> in using an image or other media file is to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Upload" class="extiw" title="c:Commons:Upload">upload</a> it to <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>, but for legal reasons, some files must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Upload" title="Special:Upload">uploaded</a> to the English Wikipedia instead. <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Upload">Wikipedia:Upload</a></i> helps you to choose between these options. </p><p>Images can be displayed directly on Wikipedia pages. </p><p>The preferred formats are <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> for photographic images and <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> (SVG) for drawings, though <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a> can also be used. <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector graphics</a> are preferred to <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</a> for drawings, because they can be scaled as needed without losing information, and can be edited more easily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_usage-Images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image_usage-Images"></span>Image usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image_usage-Images"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Image usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Wikipedia:Picture tutorial</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Wikipedia:Extended image syntax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Wikipedia:Image use policy</a></div> <p>Type "<code>[[Image:<i>FILENAME</i>|alt=<i>ALT TEXT</i>|<i>TITLE TEXT</i>]]</code>" when you want to display an image file directly. In most cases, a thumbnail is more useful: "<code>[[Image:<i>FILENAME</i>|thumb|alt=<i>ALT TEXT</i>|<i>CAPTION</i>]]</code>". See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Wikipedia:Picture tutorial</a> for further information. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Audio" data-mw-thread-id="h-Audio"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Audio"></span>Audio<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Audio"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Audio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:Audio" redirects here. For the Spoken Wikipedia Project, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spoken_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia">Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Wikipedia:Media help</a></div> <p>Wikipedia uses the <a href="/wiki/Ogg_Vorbis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogg Vorbis">Ogg Vorbis</a>, <a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a> and <a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a> format for audio, as they are not encumbered by patents (an issue that prompted the decision in 2004 that MP3 files would not be hosted at Wikipedia<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Since then, the MP3 patents have expired and Wikimedia legal has given permission to allow uploading as needed by Wikimedia or its communities.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Software supporting Vorbis exists for many platforms. <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox 4">Mozilla Firefox 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera 10">Opera 10.5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome 3</a> and later each include their own support for Ogg Vorbis files. As for multimedia players, <a href="/wiki/Winamp" title="Winamp">Winamp</a> can be used to play Ogg Vorbis files. Although <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> does not natively support Vorbis, Xiph.Org provides <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xiph.org/quicktime/">a QuickTime component</a> which can be used in players that rely on <a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a>, such as iTunes, on both <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS">Mac OS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xiph.org/dshow/">DirectShow filters</a> exist to decode Vorbis in multimedia players like <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Windows Media Player</a> and others which support <a href="/wiki/DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a>. </p><p>Useful software for audio: </p> <ul><li>For audio editing, <a href="/wiki/Audacity_(audio_editor)" title="Audacity (audio editor)">Audacity</a> is a high quality <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> audio recorder/editor for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux/Unix.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweep_(software)" title="Sweep (software)">Sweep</a> is another free audio editor which can be used in Linux environments.</li> <li>For encoding to Ogg Vorbis, it is recommended that you use <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.hydrogenaudio.org/index.php?title=Recommended_Ogg_Vorbis">Hydrogenaudio-recommended encoders</a> for best results. oggenc (cross-platform) is the command-line encoder, while OggDropXPd (Windows-only) is an easy-to-use GUI for encoding to Ogg Vorbis.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbpoweramp.com/dmc.htm">dBpowerAMP Music Converter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a>, Windows-only) offers a convenient GUI for transcoding between most audio codecs, including Ogg Vorbis. The Vorbis encoder must be downloaded separately from the software, but it is freely available from the same website.</li> <li>The easiest way to play Ogg Vorbis files on legacy Macintoshes (OS 9 and earlier) is to use <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jwgdesign.com/mpegdec/download.htm#justogg">JustOgg</a>.</li></ul> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.xiph.org/Vorbis_Software_Players">Vorbis Software Players node at the xiph.org wiki</a> has an up-to-date list of Vorbis-supporting software for all operating systems. Users can test these players using the list of Vorbis audio streams available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/VorbisStreams">[1]</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio_usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Audio_usage-Audio"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Audio_usage-Audio"></span>Audio usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Audio_usage-Audio"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Audio usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Help:Sound file markup</a></div> <p>Most viable is to use <a href="/wiki/Template:Listen" title="Template:Listen">Template:Listen</a>, see its page for detailed description, common usage is listed here: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{listen |filename=<i>FILENAME</i>.ogg |title=<i>TITLE</i> |description=<i>DESCRIPTION</i> }}</code></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Accordion_chords-01.ogg" title="File:Accordion chords-01.ogg">Accordion chords</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Accordion_chords-01.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Accordion_chords-01.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Accordion_chords-01.ogg/Accordion_chords-01.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Chords being played on an accordion</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Example: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{listen |filename=Accordion chords-01.ogg |title=Accordion chords |description=Chords being played on an accordion }} </code></dd></dl> <p>There are several other audio templates used primarily for demonstrating pronunciation of foreign languages or obscure terms, such as <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Audio-IPA" title="Template:Audio-IPA">audio-IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. When adding a sound file to an article, such as <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> or <a href="/wiki/Irish_phonology" title="Irish phonology">Irish phonology</a> avoid using a template that only links to the raw sound file, as this effectively hides important licensing information that allows readers to see who created and uploaded the file, its source and under what license it was published. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists_of_uploaded_music" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists_of_uploaded_music-Audio"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists_of_uploaded_music-Audio"></span>Lists of uploaded music<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists_of_uploaded_music-Audio"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lists of uploaded music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sound/list" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Sound/list">Wikipedia:Sound/list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sound/list/playlist" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Sound/list/playlist">Wikipedia:Sound/list/playlist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists_of_uploaded_spoken_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists_of_uploaded_spoken_articles-Audio"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists_of_uploaded_spoken_articles-Audio"></span>Lists of uploaded spoken articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists_of_uploaded_spoken_articles-Audio"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lists of uploaded spoken articles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">Wikipedia:Spoken articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_information_on_audio_files" data-mw-thread-id="h-Further_information_on_audio_files-Audio"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Further_information_on_audio_files-Audio"></span>Further information on audio files<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Further_information_on_audio_files-Audio"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further information on audio files" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Music_samples" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Music samples">Wikipedia:Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_audio_of_songs" title="Category:Wikipedia requested audio of songs">Category:Wikipedia requested audio of songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Free_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Free music">Wikipedia:WikiProject Free music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-02-14/Music_recordings" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-02-14/Music recordings">Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-02-14/Music recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help_(MIDI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help (MIDI)">Wikipedia:Media help (MIDI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help_(Ogg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)">Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Composers/Guidelines_for_using_sound_excerpts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Composers/Guidelines for using sound excerpts">Wikipedia:WikiProject Composers/Guidelines for using sound excerpts</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Video" data-mw-thread-id="h-Video"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Video"></span>Video<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Video"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Video" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Wikipedia:Media help</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Video" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Video">Commons:Video</a> and <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Converting_video" class="extiw" title="commons:Help:Converting video">Commons:Help:Converting video</a></div> <p>Wikipedia uses <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ogg_Theora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogg Theora">Ogg Theora</a> for video because they are open source and royalty-free. Since most popular movie/audio formats are patented and require a royalty, there are no free all-purpose video converters. See also <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Converting_video" class="extiw" title="commons:Help:Converting video">WikiCommons' Theora video conversion help page</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limitations_and_implementation_issues" data-mw-thread-id="h-Limitations_and_implementation_issues-Video"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Limitations_and_implementation_issues-Video"></span>Limitations and implementation issues<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Limitations_and_implementation_issues-Video"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Limitations and implementation issues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Both the Wikipedia project and the Wikimedia Commons limit uploads to a maximum of 100 megabytes (though it is possible to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Chunked_uploads" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Chunked uploads">upload larger files using chunked uploads</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Useful_software" data-mw-thread-id="h-Useful_software-Video"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Useful_software-Video"></span>Useful software<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Useful_software-Video"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Useful software" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>For video, ffmpeg2theora <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.v2v.cc/~j/ffmpeg2theora/examples.html">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://wiki.transmission.cc/index.php/FFMPEG2THEORA">[3]</a> is a command line encoder capable of converting numerous file formats (.mov, .mpg, .mpeg, .avi) into Ogg Theora. It works on Windows, Macintosh, and Linux/Unix. (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files/Archive_1#How_to_use_ffmpeg2theora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:Creation and usage of media files/Archive 1">how to use ffmpeg2theora</a>.)</li> <li>You can also use the encoder_example application included with <a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">libtheora</a> in combination with a program like MPlayer <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/">[4]</a> that is capable of dumping raw (yuv4mpeg) video and sound to encode in Ogg Theora</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://programmer-art.org/projects/arista-transcoder">http://programmer-art.org/projects/arista-transcoder</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.linuxrising.org/transmageddon/">http://www.linuxrising.org/transmageddon/</a> are graphical transcoders for Unix / Linux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kdenlive" title="Kdenlive">Kdenlive</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenShot" title="OpenShot">OpenShot</a>, and other video programs are available for Linux that can edit Theora and WebM videos</li> <li>The <i>directshow filters</i> can be used to encode Ogg Theora using <a href="/wiki/GraphEdit" title="GraphEdit">GraphEdit</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.xiph.org/dshow/pmwiki.php/Main/EncTheoraGraphedit">[5]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>The Xiph.org wiki has a list of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/TheoraSoftwareEncoders">Theora Software Encoders</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handbrake.fr/">handbrake</a> is a free (GPL'd) transcoder for Windows, Mac, and Linux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Premiere_Pro" title="Adobe Premiere Pro">Adobe Premiere Pro</a> can export videos directly in WebM format by using the free <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/fnordware/AdobeWebM">fnordware plugin (Win/Mac)</a>.</li></ul> <p>For assistance with conversion, consider contacting the following editors: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:Raul654" title="User:Raul654">Raul654</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Gmaxwell" title="User:Gmaxwell">Gmaxwell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:GChriss" title="User:GChriss">GChriss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Makaristos" title="User:Makaristos">Makaristos</a> (<a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Alton" title="User:Alton">Alton</a> (<a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Saoshyant" title="User:Saoshyant">Ivo</a> (all platforms)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Video_usage-Video"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Video_usage-Video"></span>Video usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Video_usage-Video"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Video usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Embedding_video" data-mw-thread-id="h-Embedding_video-Video_usage"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Embedding_video-Video_usage"></span>Embedding video<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Embedding_video-Video_usage"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Embedding video" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv/200px--Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="75" data-mwtitle="Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon,_1094228.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon,_1094228.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"' data-width="320" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv/Apollo_11._Television_clip_of_Buzz_descending_the_ladder_and_stepping_onto_the_moon%2C_1094228.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144"></source></video></span><figcaption>Television clip of Buzz descending the ladder and stepping onto the Moon.</figcaption></figure> <p>The easiest way to embed video directly into an article is by using the same <a href="/wiki/Help:Files#Using_files" title="Help:Files">[[File:]]</a> tag as for image files. The result is on the right. </p> <dl><dd><code>[[File:A11v 1094228.ogv |thumb |200px |alt=A spacesuited astronaut slowly climbs down a ladder on a complicated metal structure, and then hops the last step onto a bright terrain. |Television clip of Buzz descending the ladder and stepping onto the Moon. ]]</code></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Setting_a_video_thumbnail_image" data-mw-thread-id="h-Setting_a_video_thumbnail_image-Video_usage"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Setting_a_video_thumbnail_image-Video_usage"></span>Setting a video thumbnail image<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Setting_a_video_thumbnail_image-Video_usage"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Setting a video thumbnail image" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>By default, a frame from the midpoint of the video is used for the initial still image. To use a different frame, use the thumbtime parameter. For instance: </p> <dl><dd><code>[[File:Bombers of WW1.ogg |thumbtime=3 |thumb |200px |alt=World War I era biplanes on bombing runs, captioned "Captain 'Eddie' Rickenbacker, American 'Ace of Aces,' over the lines – looking for a scrap." then "Bombing the German lines." |"Bombers of WW1" with a still from 3 seconds]]</code></dd></dl> <p>Specify the time in seconds, or use colons to separate hours, minutes and seconds. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/200px--Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="144" data-durationhint="72" data-mwtitle="Bombers_of_WW1.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bombers_of_WW1.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"' data-width="400" data-height="288"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="288"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="200" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="334" data-height="240"></source></video></span><figcaption>"Bombers of WW1" with a still from the midpoint</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_4" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/200px-seek%3D3-Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="144" data-durationhint="72" data-mwtitle="Bombers_of_WW1.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bombers_of_WW1.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"' data-width="400" data-height="288"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="288"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="200" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv/Bombers_of_WW1.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="334" data-height="240"></source></video></span><figcaption>"Bombers of WW1" with a still from 3 seconds</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temporal_media_fragments" data-mw-thread-id="h-Temporal_media_fragments-Video_usage"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Temporal_media_fragments-Video_usage"></span>Temporal media fragments<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Temporal_media_fragments-Video_usage"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Temporal media fragments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_5" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Weeding.ogv/300px-seek%3D5-Weeding.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="Weeding.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Weeding.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Weeding.ogv/Weeding.ogv.480p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05,00:00:07" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Weeding.ogv#t=00:00:05,00:00:07" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"' data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Weeding.ogv/Weeding.ogv.240p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05,00:00:07" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Weeding.ogv/Weeding.ogv.360p.webm#t=00:00:05,00:00:07" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Weeding.ogv/Weeding.ogv.360p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05,00:00:07" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source></video></span><figcaption>Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds</figcaption></figure> <p>Allows embed code to reference a segment of the video stream or set a start time. Hover over the player to see start time listed as 5s, press play and notice it stops playback at 7 seconds. </p> <dl><dd><code>[[File:Weeding.ogv|thumb|300px|start=5|end=7|Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds]]</code></dd></dl> <p>One can also use MM:SS or HH:MM:SS format for start and end. </p><p><b>Note:</b> This is not yet supported on Safari and Internet Explorer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Linking_to_a_video" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linking_to_a_video-Video_usage"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linking_to_a_video-Video_usage"></span>Linking to a video<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linking_to_a_video-Video_usage"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Linking to a video" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Video_policy" class="extiw" title="m:Video policy">m:Video policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Help:Media</a>, and <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Commons_video_resources" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Commons video resources">commons:Category:Commons video resources</a></div> <p>There are two types of links to a video: </p> <ul><li><code>File</code> – To create a link to the video's File Description Page, <ul><li>use <code>[[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]]</code>.</li> <li>To make the text of a link to the video's File Description Page appear as some text other than the video's filename, use <code>[[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]]</code>.</li></ul></li> <li><code>Media</code> – To create a link that downloads the video, <ul><li>use <code>[[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]]</code> or use <code>[[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]]</code>.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_6" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv/220px--Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="90" data-mwtitle="Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv/Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="500" data-height="282"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora"' data-width="500" data-height="281"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv/Time_Lapse_of_New_York_City.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source></video></span><figcaption>some text you prefer</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><ul><li>To make the text of a link that downloads the video appear as some text other than the video's filename, use <code>[[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]]</code> or use <code>[[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]]</code>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_WikiProjects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Related_WikiProjects-Video"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Related_WikiProjects-Video"></span>Related WikiProjects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Related_WikiProjects-Video"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Related WikiProjects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wiki_Makes_Video" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Makes Video">WP:WikiProject Wiki Makes Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiTV" title="Wikipedia:WikiTV">WP:WikiTV</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jan_Schwefel/WikiTV_%26_WikiVideo_projects" class="extiw" title="commons:User:Jan Schwefel/WikiTV & WikiVideo projects">List of WikiTV & WikiVideo projects</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Moving_files_to_Commons" data-mw-thread-id="h-Moving_files_to_Commons"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Moving_files_to_Commons"></span>Moving files to Commons<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Moving_files_to_Commons"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Moving files to Commons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons</a></div> <p>Many files have been uploaded to Wikipedia. A long-term project under way is to move <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> files—including images and audio—to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>. Commons provides a central location for files for use on all <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> projects. </p><p>Commons employs more restrictive policies on copyright issues than the English Wikipedia does; for instance, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAIRUSE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAIRUSE">fair-use</a> images such as most images of <a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">album</a> <a href="/wiki/Cover_art" title="Cover art">cover art</a> cannot be hosted on Commons. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">Special:Filelist</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:MediaWiki_file_usage" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:MediaWiki file usage">mw:Manual:MediaWiki file usage</a> – Technical information about MediaWiki file storage methods.</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:File_types" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:File types">Commons:File types</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Commons_resources" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Commons resources">Category:Commons resources</a></li></ul> <hr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Find this page confusing? <span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21">Just use this link to ask for help on your talk page</a></span>; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!</b></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li></ul> <hr> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">simple archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WP_search_protocol" title="Help:WP search protocol">WP search protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Elevation" title="Help:Elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></b> <hr> <span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title='Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"'>Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2004-July/014225.html">"[WikiEN-l] Should MP3 files be allowed on wikipedia – Current ongoing discussion"</a>. WikiEN-l mailing list. 2004-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BWikiEN-l%5D+Should+MP3+files+be+allowed+on+wikipedia+%E2%80%93+Current+ongoing+discussion.&rft.pub=WikiEN-l+mailing+list&rft.date=2004-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.wikimedia.org%2Fpipermail%2Fwikien-l%2F2004-July%2F014225.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACreation+and+usage+of+media+files" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120288#3316046">"T120288 Enable MP3 uploads on Wikimedia Commons and TMH playback"</a>. 2017-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T120288+Enable+MP3+uploads+on+Wikimedia+Commons+and+TMH+playback&rft.date=2017-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphabricator.wikimedia.org%2FT120288%233316046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACreation+and+usage+of+media+files" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&oldid=1215379217">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&oldid=1215379217</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="47.234.198.142" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1711311039"> <span>Last edited on 24 March 2024, at 20:10</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="راهنما:ایجاد و استفاده از پرونده‌های رسانه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:ایجاد و استفاده از پرونده‌های رسانه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobhair:Dealbhan" title="Cobhair:Dealbhan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cobhair:Dealbhan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" title="Wikipedia:Media – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wikipedia:Media" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Media" title="Уикипедия:Media – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уикипедия:Media" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Hanganyagok_haszn%C3%A1lata" title="Wikipédia:Hanganyagok használata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Hanganyagok használata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%B3%E5%A3%B0%E3%83%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%A8%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8" title="Help:音声・動画の作成と利用 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:音声・動画の作成と利用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Википедија:Медији – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Медији" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีใช้:การสร้างและใช้ไฟล์สื่อ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:การสร้างและใช้ไฟล์สื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Medya" title="Vikipedi:Medya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Medya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" 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