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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ecoregion in the Annamites Range</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Northern Annamites rain forests</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Annamite_range_pu_mat_2007_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Annamite_range_pu_mat_2007_05.jpg/300px-Annamite_range_pu_mat_2007_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Annamite_range_pu_mat_2007_05.jpg/450px-Annamite_range_pu_mat_2007_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Annamite_range_pu_mat_2007_05.jpg/600px-Annamite_range_pu_mat_2007_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B9_M%C3%A1t_National_Park" title="Pù Mát National Park">Pù Mát National Park</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Annamite_Range" title="Annamite Range">Annamite Range</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecoregion_IM0136.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ecoregion territory (in purple)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ecoregion_IM0136.png/300px-Ecoregion_IM0136.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ecoregion_IM0136.png/450px-Ecoregion_IM0136.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ecoregion_IM0136.png/600px-Ecoregion_IM0136.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ecoregion territory (in purple)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Realm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indomalayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomalayan">Indomalayan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biome</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">47,137 km<sup>2</sup> (18,200 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Annamites_rain_forests&params=18_N_105_E_type:landmark_dim:227km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°N</span> <span class="longitude">105°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18°N 105°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18; 105</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Conservation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Protected</th><td class="infobox-data">33.375%<sup id="cite_ref-dopa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Northern Annamites rain forests</b> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> (WWF ID: IM0136) covers the rugged and relatively unexplored northern <a href="/wiki/Annamite_Range" title="Annamite Range">Annamite Mountains</a> of central Laos and Vietnam. There are high numbers of endemic plant species, and the relative remoteness and isolation of the area supports many rare and endangered animals. Rainfall is somewhat less than the lowland rainforest of the lower elevations in Vietnam, and the temperatures slightly cooler due to the higher elevation.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ecomap_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecomap-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dopa_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location_and_description">Location and description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Annamites_rain_forests&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location and description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Annamite_Range" title="Annamite Range">Annamite Range</a></div> <p>Most of the ecoregion is in central Laos, with a small portion on the eastern edge of the higher ridge of Annamite Range in Vietnam. The region is about 350 km long, and is at most about 150 km wide. Mean elevation is 453 metres (1,486 ft), with a highest point of 2,158 metres (7,080 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-dopa_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human density is relatively low due to the steep slopes and high elevations.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Annamites_rain_forests&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of the ecoregion is <i><a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">Dry-winter humid subtropical climate</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">(Cwa)</a>). This climate is characterized as having no month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F), at least one month averaging above 22 °C (72 °F), and four months averaging over 10 °C (50 °F). Precipitation in the wet summer months is ten time or more the average of the winter months.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kop-data_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kop-data-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precipitation in the ecoregion varies from 1,500-2,500 mm/year.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Annamites_rain_forests&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 75% of the region is forested (about 35,000 km<sup>2</sup>), most of which is broadleaf evergreen closed forest.<sup id="cite_ref-dopa_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">Lower montane forests</a>, from 800 to 1,200 meters elevation, are dominated by broadleaf evergreen trees, including myrtles (<a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oaks</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Castanopsis" title="Castanopsis">Castanopsis</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Lithocarpus" title="Lithocarpus">Lithocarpus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a>), <a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a>, and laurels (<a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a>). <a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">Coniferous</a> <a href="/wiki/Podocarpaceae" title="Podocarpaceae">podocarps</a> are also present. The trees form a dense two-tiered canopy 15 to 25 meters tall. <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">Epiphytes</a>, particularly orchids, grow abundantly on the trees, and include many endemic species of orchids. Understory vegetation is typically sparse in undisturbed forest. Thickets of bamboo, including species of <i><a href="/wiki/Chimonobambusa" title="Chimonobambusa">Chimonobambusa</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dendrocalamus" title="Dendrocalamus">Dendrocalamus</a></i>, grow in disturbed areas where the forest canopy is more open.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pine forests grow in drier areas and areas with thin or rocky soils up to 1,500 meters elevation. <a href="/wiki/Pinus_kesiya" title="Pinus kesiya">Khasi pine</a> (<i>Pinus kesiya</i>) is the dominant species, and can grow 20 to 30 meters tall. Associated broadleaf trees include the conifer <i><a href="/wiki/Keteleeria_evelyniana" title="Keteleeria evelyniana">Keteleeria evelyniana</a></i> and the broadleaf trees <i><a href="/wiki/Lyonia_ovalifolia" title="Lyonia ovalifolia">Lyonia ovalifolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schima_wallichii" title="Schima wallichii">Schima wallichii</a></i>, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tristaniopsis_merguensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tristaniopsis merguensis (page does not exist)">Tristaniopsis merguensis</a></i>. The pine forests are prone to frequent fires, which help prevent the establishment of broadleaf canopy trees.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Open-canopied forests dominated by <i>Keteleeria evelyniana</i> are found in northern Laos. <i>Keteleeria</i> can grow up to 35 metres in height, and occurs in pure stands or mixed with <i>Pinus kesiya</i> and oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upper montane forests, from 1,200 to 1,800 meters elevation with a cool moist character, are dominated by conifers, including Fujian cypress (<i><a href="/wiki/Fokienia_hodginsii" class="mw-redirect" title="Fokienia hodginsii">Fokienia hodginsii</a></i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Dacrycarpus_imbricatus" title="Dacrycarpus imbricatus">Dacrycarpus imbricatus</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Cunninghamia_lanceolata" title="Cunninghamia lanceolata">Cunninghamia lanceolata</a></i>, a type of cypress. <i>Fokienia</i> trees can reach 40 to 50 meters tall.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Annamites_rain_forests&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 134 mammal species have been identified in the ecoregion, many endemic or vulnerable, including the endangered <a href="/wiki/Douc_langur" class="mw-redirect" title="Douc langur">Douc langur</a> (a type of monkey despite the name), the vulnerable Indian bison <i>(<a href="/wiki/Bos_gaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bos gaurus">Bos gaurus</a>)</i>, and the vulnerable <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_serow" title="Sumatran serow">Sumatran serow</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Capricornis_sumatraensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Capricornis sumatraensis">Capricornis sumatraensis</a>)</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">saola</a> (<i>Pseudoryx nghetinhensis</i>) is endemic to the ecoregion, and the <a href="/wiki/Giant_muntjac" title="Giant muntjac">giant muntjac</a> (<i>Megamuntiacus vuquangensis</i>) lives here and in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Annamites_montane_rain_forests" title="Southern Annamites montane rain forests">Southern Annamites montane rain forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An estimated 525 species of bird are found in the ecoregion.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Annamites_rain_forests&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>33.375% of the ecoregion is in protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-dopa_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officially protected areas in the ecoregion include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B9_M%C3%A1t_National_Park" title="Pù Mát National Park">Pù Mát National Park</a>, meaning "high slope", Pu Mat has exceptionally high biodiversity (2,461 identified plant species), and supports five mammals endemic to the Indochina. North central Vietnam. (911 km2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_Kading_National_Protected_Area" title="Nam Kading National Protected Area">Nam Kading National Protected Area</a>, a remote and rugged mountainous area with almost no human habitation. Central Laos. (1,690 km2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phou_Xang_He_National_Protected_Area" title="Phou Xang He National Protected Area">Phou Xang He National Protected Area</a>, an mountainous area of mixed deciduous and dry <a href="/wiki/Dipterocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipterocarp">dipterocarp</a> forests, with many endemic and vulnerable mammal and bird species. Central Laos. (1,060 km2).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakai%E2%80%93Nam_Theun" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakai–Nam Theun">Nakai–Nam Theun</a> National Biodiversity Conservation Area (NBCA), one of the largest and last remaining wilderness areas in southeast Asia. Annamite Range and the adjacent Nakai Plateau. (3,445 km2).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phou_Hin_Poun_National_Biodiversity_Conservation_Area" title="Phou Hin Poun National Biodiversity Conservation Area">Phou Hin Poun National Biodiversity Conservation Area</a>, a region of limestone mountains (<a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> topography in Laos. (1,801 km2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hin_Namno_National_Park" title="Hin Namno National Park">Hin Namno National Park</a>. Protects 934.73 km<sup>2</sup> in east-central Laos, including areas of mixed evergreen forest and limestone karst forest.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Annamites_rain_forests&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dopa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/40136">"Northern Annamites rain forests"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Map+of+Koppen-Geiger+Climate+Classification+Updated&rft.pub=Gebr%C3%BCder+Borntraeger+2006&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kottek&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Grieser%2C+J.&rft.au=Beck%2C+C.&rft.au=Rudolf%2C+B.&rft.au=Rubel%2C+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at%2Fpdf%2FPaper_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Annamites+rain+forests" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kop-data-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kop-data_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification">"Dataset - Koppen climate classifications"</a>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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