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<ul id="toc-Modern_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character_biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Character biography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Character_biography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Character biography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Character_biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Alternative versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characterization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characterization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Characterization </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characterization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Characterization subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Characterization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Personality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skills_and_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skills_and_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Skills and equipment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skills_and_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Literary analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_impact_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_impact_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Cultural impact and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cultural impact and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Online_phenomena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_phenomena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Online phenomena </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_phenomena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 In other media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Joker (character)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1_(%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="الجوكر (شخصية مصورة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجوكر (شخصية مصورة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coker_(personaj)" title="Coker (personaj) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Coker (personaj)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8)" title="জোকার (কমিক্স) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোকার (কমিক্স)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Жокера – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жокера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Joker_(komiks)" title="The Joker (komiks) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="The Joker (komiks)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(postava)" title="Joker (postava) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joker (postava)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokeren_(Batman)" title="Jokeren (Batman) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jokeren (Batman)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(Comicfigur)" title="Joker (Comicfigur) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joker (Comicfigur)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokker_(tegelane)" title="Jokker (tegelane) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jokker (tegelane)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81_(%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82)" title="Τζόκερ (χαρακτήρας) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζόκερ (χαρακτήρας)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(personaje)" title="Joker (personaje) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joker (personaje)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_%C4%B4okero" title="La Ĵokero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Ĵokero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1_(%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="جوکر (شخصیت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوکر (شخصیت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(personnage)" title="Joker (personnage) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joker (personnage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%BB%A4_(DC_%EC%BD%94%EB%AF%B9%EC%8A%A4)" title="조커 (DC 코믹스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조커 (DC 코믹스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_(DC_Comics)" title="Ջոկեր (DC Comics) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոկեր (DC Comics)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE)" title="जोकर (चित्रकथा) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोकर (चित्रकथा)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(karakter)" title="Joker (karakter) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joker (karakter)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="הג'וקר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הג'וקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(karakter)" title="Joker (karakter) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Joker (karakter)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="ჯოკერი (კომიქსი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოკერი (კომიქსი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(DC_Comics)" title="Джокер (DC Comics) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джокер (DC Comics)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEokers_(t%C4%93ls)" title="Džokers (tēls) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džokers (tēls)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEokeris_(komiksas)" title="Džokeris (komiksas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džokeris (komiksas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(DC_Comics)" title="Joker (DC Comics) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Joker (DC Comics)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Џокер (лик) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џокер (лик)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Joker" title="The Joker – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Joker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA)" title="ဂျိုကာ (ဇာတ်ကောင်) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိုကာ (ဇာတ်ကောင်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(Batman)" title="Joker (Batman) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joker (Batman)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="जोकर (पात्र) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जोकर (पात्र)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC_(%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3)" title="ジョーカー (バットマン) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョーカー (バットマン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokeren_(Batman)" title="Jokeren (Batman) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jokeren (Batman)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਜੋਕਰ (ਪਾਤਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੋਕਰ (ਪਾਤਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(posta%C4%87_fikcyjna)" title="Joker (postać fikcyjna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joker (postać fikcyjna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(DC_Comics)" title="Joker (DC Comics) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joker (DC Comics)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(personaj)" title="Joker (personaj) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Joker (personaj)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(DC_Comics)" title="Джокер (DC Comics) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джокер (DC Comics)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(chairacter)" title="Joker (chairacter) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Joker (chairacter)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joker (character)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker" title="Joker – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Joker" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1_(%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88)" title="جۆکەر (کەسایەتی نەخشێندراو) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆکەر (کەسایەتی نەخشێندراو)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Џокер (лик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џокер (лик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(lik)" title="Joker (lik) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Joker (lik)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokeri_(sarjakuvahahmo)" title="Jokeri (sarjakuvahahmo) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jokeri (sarjakuvahahmo)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokern" title="Jokern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jokern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(komiks)" title="Joker (komiks) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Joker (komiks)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88)" title="ஜோக்கர் (வரைகதை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோக்கர் (வரைகதை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โจ๊กเกอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โจ๊กเกอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(karakter)" title="Joker (karakter) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Joker (karakter)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6)" title="Джокер (персонаж) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джокер (персонаж)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1(%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="جوکر(کردار) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوکر(کردار)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(nh%C3%A2n_v%E1%BA%ADt)" title="Joker (nhân vật) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Joker (nhân vật)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91%EF%BC%88%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%EF%BC%89" title="小丑（角色） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="小丑（角色）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91_(%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0%E4%BF%A0%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB)" title="小丑 (蝙蝠俠漫畫) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="小丑 (蝙蝠俠漫畫)" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Supervillain in the DC Universe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Joker" redirects here. For other characters called Joker or other uses of "The Joker", see <a href="/wiki/Joker_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Joker (disambiguation)">Joker</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comics character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133511664">.mw-parser-output .ib-comics .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics .infobox-header{background-color:#99c2ff}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-comics{width:24em}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics .infobox-label{width:40%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-comics-character ib-comics"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Joker</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Joker_(DC_Comics_character)_with_cards.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/Joker_%28DC_Comics_character%29_with_cards.png/220px-Joker_%28DC_Comics_character%29_with_cards.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/55/Joker_%28DC_Comics_character%29_with_cards.png 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="409" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The Joker, art by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Bolland" title="Brian Bolland">Brian Bolland</a> for the DC Comics website during the 2010s.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Publication information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_publishing_companies" title="List of comics publishing companies">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_appearance" title="First appearance">First appearance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_book)" title="Batman (comic book)">Batman</a> #1 (<a href="/wiki/Cover-date" class="mw-redirect" title="Cover-date">cover-dated</a> spring 1940; published April 25, 1940)<a href="#cite_note-Debut2-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">In-story information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Team affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injustice_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Injustice League">Injustice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Doom" title="Legion of Doom">Legion of Doom</a></li> <li>Injustice Gang</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable aliases</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hood">Red Hood</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abilities</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Criminal mastermind</li> <li>Expert chemist</li> <li>Uses weaponized props and toxins</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Joker is a <a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">supervillain</a> who appears in <a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">American comic books</a> published by <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. He was created by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a>, and first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book <a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_book)" title="Batman (comic book)">Batman</a> on April 25, 1940. Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for his design while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution. Although the Joker was planned to be <a href="/wiki/Killing_off" title="Killing off">killed off</a> during his initial appearance, he was spared by editorial intervention, allowing the character to endure as the <a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">archenemy</a> of the superhero <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe" title="DC Universe">DC Universe</a>, the Joker is portrayed as a criminal mastermind and the antithesis of Batman in personality and appearance. He was introduced as a <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopath</a> with a warped, <a href="/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder" title="Sadistic personality disorder">sadistic</a> sense of humor but became a comical prankster in the late 1950s in response to regulation by the <a href="/wiki/Comics_Code_Authority" title="Comics Code Authority">Comics Code Authority</a>, before returning to his darker roots during the early 1970s. The Joker has been part of defining Batman stories, including the murder of <a href="/wiki/Jason_Todd" title="Jason Todd">Jason Todd</a>—the second <a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a> and Batman's ward—in "<a href="/wiki/A_Death_in_the_Family_(comics)" title="A Death in the Family (comics)">A Death in the Family</a>" (1988) and the paralysis of <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a>—the first <a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a>—in <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke" title="Batman: The Killing Joke">The Killing Joke</a> (1988). Unlike many supervillains, the Joker does not have a definitive <a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">origin story</a>, but various possible ones have been developed. The most common story involves him falling into a tank of chemical waste that bleaches his skin chalk-white, turns his hair and eyes cobalt-green and lips ruby-red, and <a href="/wiki/Spasm" title="Spasm">spasms</a> his face that left him with a <a href="/wiki/Risus_sardonicus" title="Risus sardonicus">rictus</a> and unidentifiable by any means; the resulting disfigurement drives him insane. The Joker possesses no superhuman abilities, instead using his expertise in chemical engineering to develop poisonous or lethal concoctions and thematic weaponry, including razor-tipped <a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">playing cards</a>, deadly <a href="/wiki/Joy_buzzer" title="Joy buzzer">joy buzzers</a>, and acid-spraying lapel flowers. The Joker sometimes works with other <a href="/wiki/Gotham_City" title="Gotham City">Gotham City</a> supervillains, such as the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a>, and groups like the <a href="/wiki/Injustice_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Injustice Gang">Injustice Gang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Injustice_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Injustice League">Injustice League</a>, but these relationships often collapse due to the Joker's desire for unbridled chaos. A romantic interest for the Joker, his former psychiatrist and sidekick <a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a>, was introduced in the 1990s. Although his primary obsession is Batman, the Joker has also fought other heroes, including <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a>. One of the most iconic characters in popular culture, the Joker has been listed among the greatest comic book villains and fictional characters ever created. His likeness has appeared on merchandise such as clothing and collectible items, and he has inspired real-world structures (such as theme park attractions) and been referenced in various media. The Joker has been adapted in live-action, animated, and video game incarnations. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation_and_development">Creation and development</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concept">Concept</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerry-Robinson-Joker-Sketch-Card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sketch of a playing card with a grinning Joker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Jerry-Robinson-Joker-Sketch-Card.jpg/153px-Jerry-Robinson-Joker-Sketch-Card.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Jerry-Robinson-Joker-Sketch-Card.jpg/230px-Jerry-Robinson-Joker-Sketch-Card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Jerry-Robinson-Joker-Sketch-Card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="382" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Man_Who_Laughs_-_Conrad_Veidt_as_Gwynplaine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A young man looks away from the camera with a stretched-wide smile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Man_Who_Laughs_-_Conrad_Veidt_as_Gwynplaine.jpg/181px-The_Man_Who_Laughs_-_Conrad_Veidt_as_Gwynplaine.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Man_Who_Laughs_-_Conrad_Veidt_as_Gwynplaine.jpg/272px-The_Man_Who_Laughs_-_Conrad_Veidt_as_Gwynplaine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Man_Who_Laughs_-_Conrad_Veidt_as_Gwynplaine.jpg/362px-The_Man_Who_Laughs_-_Conrad_Veidt_as_Gwynplaine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2417" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(left) <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a>'s 1940 concept sketch of the Joker. (right) Actor <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Veidt" title="Conrad Veidt">Conrad Veidt</a> in character as Gwynplaine in <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs_(1928_film)" title="The Man Who Laughs (1928 film)">The Man Who Laughs</a> (1928). Veidt's grinning visage inspired the Joker design.</div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a> are credited with creating the Joker, but their accounts of the character's conception differ, each providing his own version of events. Finger's, Kane's, and Robinson's versions acknowledge that Finger showed them an image of actor <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Veidt" title="Conrad Veidt">Conrad Veidt</a> in character as Gwynplaine (a man whose mouth is disfigured into a perpetual grin) in the 1928 film <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs_(1928_film)" title="The Man Who Laughs (1928 film)">The Man Who Laughs</a> as an inspiration for the Joker's appearance, and Robinson produced a sketch of a <a href="/wiki/Joker_(playing_card)" title="Joker (playing card)">joker playing card</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Creation1-3">[3]</a> Robinson stated that it was his 1940 card sketch that served as the character's concept, and Finger associated that image with Veidt in the film.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a> Kane hired the 17-year-old Robinson as an assistant in 1939, after he saw Robinson in a white jacket decorated with his own illustrations.<a href="#cite_note-Creation4-4">[4]</a> Beginning as a <a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">letterer</a> and background inker, Robinson quickly became primary artist for the newly created <a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_book)" title="Batman (comic book)">Batman</a> comic book series. In a 1975 interview in <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_World_of_DC_Comics" title="The Amazing World of DC Comics">The Amazing World of DC Comics</a>, Robinson said he wanted a supreme arch-villain who could test Batman, not a typical crime lord or gangster designed to be easily disposed of. He wanted an exotic, enduring character as an ongoing source of conflict for Batman, designing a diabolically sinister, but clownish, villain.<a href="#cite_note-Creation5-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Origin3-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETollin19752–3-7">[7]</a> Robinson was intrigued by villains; he believed that some characters are made up of contradictions, leading to the Joker's sense of humor. He said that the name came first, followed by an image of a playing card from a deck he often had at hand: "I wanted somebody visually exciting. I wanted somebody that would make an indelible impression, would be bizarre, would be memorable like the <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">Hunchback of Notre Dame</a> or any other villains that had unique physical characters."<a href="#cite_note-Creation8-8">[8]</a> He told Finger about his concept by telephone, later providing sketches of the character and images of what would become his iconic Joker playing-card design. Finger thought the concept was incomplete, providing the image of Veidt with a ghastly, permanent <a href="/wiki/Risus_sardonicus" title="Risus sardonicus">rictus grin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Creation5-5">[5]</a> Kane countered that Robinson's sketch was produced only after Finger had already shown the Gwynplaine image to Kane, and that it was only used as a card design belonging to the Joker in his early appearances.<a href="#cite_note-Creation1-3">[3]</a> Finger said that he was also inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Face" title="Steeplechase Face">Steeplechase Face</a>, an image in <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase Park</a> at <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a> that resembled a Joker's head, which he sketched and later shared with future editorial director <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Creation2-9">[9]</a> In a 1994 interview with journalist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lovece" title="Frank Lovece">Frank Lovece</a>, Kane stated his position: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Bill Finger and I created the Joker. Bill was the writer. Jerry Robinson came to me with a playing card of the Joker. That's the way I sum it up. [The Joker] looks like Conrad Veidt – you know, the actor in The Man Who Laughs, [the 1928 movie based on the novel] by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>. ... Bill Finger had a book with a photograph of Conrad Veidt and showed it to me and said, 'Here's the Joker.' Jerry Robinson had absolutely nothing to do with it, but he'll always say he created it till he dies. He brought in a playing card, which we used for a couple of issues for him [the Joker] to use as his playing card.<a href="#cite_note-Creation101-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-KaneLovece-11">[11]</a></blockquote> Robinson credited himself, Finger, and Kane for the Joker's creation. He said he created the character as Batman's larger-than-life nemesis when extra stories were quickly needed for Batman #1, and he received credit for the story in a college course:<a href="#cite_note-Creation102-12">[12]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In that first meeting when I showed them that sketch of the Joker, Bill said it reminded him of Conrad Veidt in The Man Who Laughs. That was the first mention of it ... He can be credited and Bob himself, we all played a role in it. The concept was mine. Bill finished that first script from my outline of the persona and what should happen in the first story. He wrote the script of that, so he really was co-creator, and Bob and I did the visuals, so Bob was also.<a href="#cite_note-Creation103-13">[13]</a></blockquote> Finger provided his own account in 1966: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I got a call from Bob Kane.... He had a new villain. When I arrived he was holding a playing card. Apparently Jerry Robinson or Bob, I don't recall who, looked at the card and they had an idea for a character ... the Joker. Bob made a rough sketch of it. At first it didn't look much like the Joker. It looked more like a clown. But I remembered that Grosset & Dunlap formerly issued very cheap editions of classics by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> and Victor Hugo ... The volume I had was The Man Who Laughs — his face had been permanently operated on so that he will always have this perpetual grin. And it looked absolutely weird. I cut the picture out of the book and gave it to Bob, who drew the profile and gave it a more sinister aspect. Then he worked on the face; made him look a little <a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">clown</a>-like, which accounted for his white face, red lips, green hair. And that was the Joker!<a href="#cite_note-Batmania_14-14">[14]</a></blockquote> Although Kane adamantly refused to share credit for many of his characters, and refuted Robinson's claim for the rest of his life, many comic historians credit Robinson with the Joker's creation and Finger with the character's development.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Creation1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Creation4-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Creation2-9">[9]</a> By 2011, Finger, Kane, and Robinson had died, leaving the story unresolved.<a href="#cite_note-Creation5-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Creation2-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge6-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_Age">Golden Age</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comic_Book_-_The_Joker_(1940).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Comic book panel of the grinning Joker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Comic_Book_-_The_Joker_%281940%29.jpg/170px-Comic_Book_-_The_Joker_%281940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/Comic_Book_-_The_Joker_%281940%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>From the Joker's debut in <a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_book)" title="Batman (comic book)">Batman</a> #1 (April 25, 1940)</figcaption></figure> The Joker debuted in Batman #1 (April 1940) as the eponymous character's first villain, about a year after Batman's debut in <a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics" title="Detective Comics">Detective Comics</a> #27 (May 1939). The Joker initially appeared as a <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> and jewel thief, modeled after a joker playing card with a mirthless grin, who killed his victims with "Joker venom," a toxin that left their faces smiling grotesquely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201121-16">[16]</a> The character was intended to be killed in his second appearance in Batman #1, after being stabbed in the heart. Finger wanted the Joker to die because of his concern that recurring villains would make Batman appear inept, but was overruled by then-editor <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Ellsworth" title="Whitney Ellsworth">Whitney Ellsworth</a>; a hastily drawn panel, indicating that the Joker was still alive, was added to the comic.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge1-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge3-18">[18]</a> The Joker went on to appear in nine of Batman's first 12 issues.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge2-19">[19]</a> The character's regular appearances quickly defined him as the archenemy of Batman and <a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a>; he killed dozens of people, and even derailed a train.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> By issue #13, Kane's work on the <a href="/wiki/Print_syndication" title="Print syndication">syndicated</a> Batman newspaper strip left him little time for the comic book; artist <a href="/wiki/Dick_Sprang" title="Dick Sprang">Dick Sprang</a> assumed his duties, and editor <a href="/wiki/Jack_Schiff" title="Jack Schiff">Jack Schiff</a> collaborated with Finger on stories. Around the same time, DC Comics found it easier to market its stories to children without the more mature <a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp</a> elements that had originated many superhero comics. During this period, the first changes in the Joker began to appear, portraying him as a wacky but harmless prankster; in one story, the Joker kidnaps Robin and Batman pays the ransom by check, meaning that the Joker cannot cash it without being arrested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201124,_27-21">[21]</a> Comic book writer <a href="/wiki/Mark_Waid" title="Mark Waid">Mark Waid</a> suggests that the 1942 story "The Joker Walks the Last Mile" was the beginning point for the character's transformation into a more goofy incarnation, a period that <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" title="Grant Morrison">Grant Morrison</a> considered to have lasted the following 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201536-22">[22]</a> The 1942 cover of Detective Comics #69, known as "Double Guns" (with the Joker emerging from a <a href="/wiki/Genie" class="mw-redirect" title="Genie">genie</a>'s lamp, aiming two guns at Batman and Robin), is considered one of the greatest superhero comic covers of the Golden Age and is the only image from that era of the character using traditional guns. Robinson said that other contemporary villains used guns, and the creative team wanted the Joker—as Batman's adversary—to be more resourceful.<a href="#cite_note-DoubleGuns-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-DoubleGunsDeux-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silver_Age">Silver Age</h3></div> The Joker was one of the few popular villains continuing to appear regularly in Batman comics from the Golden Age into the Silver Age, as the series continued during the rise in popularity of mystery and romance comics. In 1951, Finger wrote an <a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">origin story</a> for the Joker in Detective Comics #168, which introduced the characteristic of him formerly being the criminal <a href="/wiki/Red_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hood">Red Hood</a>, and his disfigurement the result of a fall into a chemical vat.<a href="#cite_note-SilverAge1-25">[25]</a> By 1954, the <a href="/wiki/Comics_Code_Authority" title="Comics Code Authority">Comics Code Authority</a> had been established in response to increasing public disapproval of comic book content. The backlash was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Wertham" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Wertham">Frederic Wertham</a>, who hypothesized that mass media (especially comic books) was responsible for the rise in <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_delinquency" title="Juvenile delinquency">juvenile delinquency</a>, violence and <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, particularly in young males. Parents forbade their children from reading comic books, and there were several mass burnings.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a> The Comics Code banned gore, innuendo and excessive violence, stripping Batman of his menace and transforming the Joker into a goofy, thieving trickster without his original homicidal tendencies.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge1-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011171-26">[26]</a> The character appeared less frequently after 1964, when <a href="/wiki/Julius_Schwartz" title="Julius Schwartz">Julius Schwartz</a> (who disliked the Joker) became editor of the Batman comics.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge1-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge5-27">[27]</a> The character risked becoming an obscure figure of the preceding era until this goofy prankster version of the character was adapted into the 1966 television series <a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a>, in which he was played by <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Romero" title="Cesar Romero">Cesar Romero</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge1-17">[17]</a> The show's popularity compelled Schwartz to keep the comics in a similar vein. As the show's popularity waned, however, so did that of the Batman comics.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge5-27">[27]</a> After the TV series ended in 1969, the increase in public visibility had not stopped the comic's sales decline; editorial director <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a> resolved to turn things around, moving stories away from child-friendly adventures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011173-28">[28]</a> The Silver Age introduced several of the Joker's defining character traits: lethal <a href="/wiki/Joy_buzzer" title="Joy buzzer">joy buzzers</a>, acid-squirting flowers, trick guns, and goofy, elaborate crimes.<a href="#cite_note-Personality2-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-JokerGadgets-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_Age">Bronze Age</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comic_Book_-_Batman_251_Cover_(1973).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""Batman" cover, with the Joker holding an ace of spades with Batman on it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Comic_Book_-_Batman_251_Cover_%281973%29.jpg/170px-Comic_Book_-_Batman_251_Cover_%281973%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Comic_Book_-_Batman_251_Cover_%281973%29.jpg/255px-Comic_Book_-_Batman_251_Cover_%281973%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/69/Comic_Book_-_Batman_251_Cover_%281973%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Cover of Batman #251 (September 1973) featuring "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge", which returned the Joker to his homicidal roots. Art by Neal Adams.</figcaption></figure> In 1973, after a four-year disappearance,<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a> the Joker was revived (and revised) by writer <a href="/wiki/Dennis_O%27Neil" title="Dennis O'Neil">Dennis O'Neil</a> and artist <a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a>. Beginning with Batman #251's "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge", the character returns to his roots as a homicidal maniac who matches wits with Batman.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge6-32">[32]</a> This story began a trend in which the Joker was used, sparingly, as a central character.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge10-33">[33]</a> O'Neil said his idea was "simply to take it back to where it started. I went to the DC library and read some of the early stories. I tried to get a sense of what Kane and Finger were after."<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge8-34">[34]</a> O'Neil's 1973 run introduced the idea of the Joker being legally insane, to explain why the character is sent to <a href="/wiki/Arkham_Asylum" title="Arkham Asylum">Arkham Asylum</a> (introduced by O'Neil in 1974 as Arkham Hospital) instead of to prison.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge20-35">[35]</a> Adams modified the Joker's appearance, changing his more average figure by extending his jaw and making him taller and leaner.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge9-36">[36]</a> DC Comics was a hotbed of experimentation during the 1970s, and in 1975 the character became the first villain to feature as the title character in a comic book series, <a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(comic_book)" title="The Joker (comic book)">The Joker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011176-37">[37]</a> The series followed the character's interactions with other supervillains, and the first issue was written by O'Neil.<a href="#cite_note-1975JokerComic-38">[38]</a> Stories balanced between emphasizing the Joker's criminality and making him a likable protagonist whom readers could support. Although he murdered thugs and civilians, he never fought Batman; this made The Joker a series in which the character's villainy prevailed over rival villains, instead of a struggle between good and evil.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011177-39">[39]</a> Because the Comics Code Authority mandated punishment for villains, each issue ended with the Joker being apprehended, limiting the scope of each story. The series never found an audience, and The Joker was canceled after nine issues (despite a "next issue" advertisement for an appearance by the <a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a>).<a href="#cite_note-1975JokerComic-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011177-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan_Smith2013380-40">[40]</a> The complete series became difficult to obtain over time, often commanding high prices from collectors. In 2013, DC Comics reissued the series as a <a href="/wiki/Trade_paperback_(comics)" title="Trade paperback (comics)">trade paperback</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015XVI-41">[41]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Jenette_Kahn" title="Jenette Kahn">Jenette Kahn</a> became DC editor in 1976, she redeveloped the company's struggling titles; during her tenure, the Joker would become one of DC's most popular characters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011177-39">[39]</a> While O'Neil and Adams' work was critically acclaimed, writer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">penciller</a> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rogers" title="Marshall Rogers">Marshall Rogers</a>'s eight-issue run in Detective Comics #471–476 (August 1977–April 1978) defined the Joker for decades to come<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">[31]</a> with stories emphasizing the character's insanity. In "The Laughing Fish", the Joker disfigures fish with a rictus grin resembling his own (expecting <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> protection), and is unable to understand that copyrighting a <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resource</a> is legally impossible.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge6-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge20-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bio101-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge7-43">[43]</a> Englehart's and Rogers' work on the series influenced the 1989 film <a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="Batman (1989 film)">Batman</a>, and was adapted for 1992's <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Batman: The Animated Series">Batman: The Animated Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge20-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge4-44">[44]</a> Rogers expanded on Adams' character design, drawing the Joker with a fedora and trench coat.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge9-36">[36]</a> Englehart outlined how he understood the character by saying that the Joker "was this very crazy, scary character. I really wanted to get back to the idea of Batman fighting insane murderers at 3 a.m. under the full moon, as the clouds scuttled by."<a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge1-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Age">Modern Age</h3></div> Years after the end of the 1966 television series, sales of Batman continued to fall and the title was nearly cancelled. Although the 1970s restored the Joker as Batman's insane, lethal archenemy, it was during the 1980s that the Batman series started to turn around and the Joker came into his own as part of the "Dark Age" of comics, with mature tales of death and destruction. The shift was criticized for moving away from tamer superheroes (and villains), but comic audiences were no longer primarily children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011182-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">[31]</a> Several months after <a href="/wiki/Crisis_on_Infinite_Earths" title="Crisis on Infinite Earths">Crisis on Infinite Earths</a> launched the era by killing off Silver Age icons such as the <a href="/wiki/Flash_(DC_Comics_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash (DC Comics character)">Flash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supergirl_(Kara_Zor-El)" title="Supergirl (Kara Zor-El)">Supergirl</a> and undoing decades of continuity,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller" title="Frank Miller">Frank Miller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Returns" title="The Dark Knight Returns">The Dark Knight Returns</a> (1986) re-imagined Batman as an older, retired hero<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge2-47">[47]</a> and the Joker as a lipstick-wearing celebrity<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge9-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011183-48">[48]</a> who cannot function without his foe.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge4-49">[49]</a> The late 1980s saw the Joker exert a significant impact on Batman and his supporting cast. In the 1988–89 story arc "<a href="/wiki/Batman:_A_Death_in_the_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman: A Death in the Family">A Death in the Family</a>", the Joker murders Batman's sidekick (the second Robin, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Todd" title="Jason Todd">Jason Todd</a>). Todd was unpopular with fans; rather than modify his character, DC opted to let them vote for his fate and a 72-vote plurality had the Joker brutally beat Todd with a crowbar and trap him in a room with a bomb, killing him. This story altered the Batman universe: instead of killing anonymous bystanders, the Joker murdered a core character; this had a lasting effect on future stories.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge5-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011108-51">[51]</a> Written at the height of tensions between the United States and Iran, the story's conclusion had Iranian leader <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini</a> appoint the Joker his country's ambassador to the United Nations (allowing him to temporarily escape justice).<a href="#cite_note-InfoDoG1-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Bolland" title="Brian Bolland">Brian Bolland</a>'s 1988 graphic novel <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke" title="Batman: The Killing Joke">The Killing Joke</a> expands on the Joker's origins, describing the character as a failed comedian who adopts the identity of the Red Hood to support his pregnant wife.<a href="#cite_note-SilverAge1-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Unlike The Dark Knight Returns, The Killing Joke takes place in mainstream continuity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011188-54">[54]</a> The novel is described by critics as one of the greatest Joker stories ever written, influencing later comic stories (including the forced retirement of then-<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Batgirl</a>, Barbara Gordon, after she is paralyzed by the Joker) and films such as 1989's Batman and 2008's <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge10-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-ModernAge11-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-ModernAgeCBR-57">[57]</a> Grant Morrison's 1989 <a href="/wiki/Arkham_Asylum:_A_Serious_House_on_Serious_Earth" title="Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth">Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth</a> explores the psychoses of Batman, the Joker and other rogues in the <a href="/wiki/Arkham_Asylum" title="Arkham Asylum">eponymous facility</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge12-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-ModernAge13-59">[59]</a> The 1992 animated series introduced the Joker's female sidekick: <a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a>, a psychiatrist who falls for—and ends up in an abusive relationship with—the Joker, becoming his <a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">supervillain</a> accomplice. The character was popular, and was adapted into the comics as the Joker's romantic interest in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge15-60">[60]</a> In the same year, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Grant_(writer)" title="Alan Grant (writer)">Alan Grant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norm_Breyfogle" title="Norm Breyfogle">Norm Breyfogle</a>'s comic book <a href="/wiki/Anarky_(comic_book)" title="Anarky (comic book)">Anarky</a> concluded with the revelation that <a href="/wiki/Anarky" title="Anarky">the titular character</a> was the Joker's son. Breyfogle conceived the idea as a means to expand on Anarky's characterization, but O'Neil (by then the editor for the Batman series of books) was opposed to it, and only allowed it to be written under protest, and with a promise that the revelation would eventually be revealed incorrect. However, the Anarky series was cancelled before the rebuttal could be published.<a href="#cite_note-Anarky-61">[61]</a> The Joker's first major storyline in <a href="/wiki/The_New_52" title="The New 52">The New 52</a>, DC Comics' 2011 reboot of story continuity, was 2012's "<a href="/wiki/Death_of_the_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of the Family">Death of the Family</a>" by writer <a href="/wiki/Scott_Snyder" title="Scott Snyder">Scott Snyder</a> and artist <a href="/wiki/Greg_Capullo" title="Greg Capullo">Greg Capullo</a>. The story arc explores the <a href="/wiki/Symbiosis" title="Symbiosis">symbiotic relationship</a> between the Joker and Batman, and sees the villain shatter the trust between Batman and his adopted family.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge2-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-ModernAge14-62">[62]</a> Capullo's Joker design replaced his traditional outfit with a <a href="/wiki/Utilitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilitarian">utilitarian</a>, messy, and disheveled appearance to convey that the character was on a mission; his face (surgically removed in 2011's Detective Comics (vol. 2) #1) was reattached with belts, wires, and hooks, and he was outfitted with mechanics overalls.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAgeDOTF-63">[63]</a> The Joker's face was restored in Snyder's and Capullo's "<a href="/wiki/Batman:_Endgame" title="Batman: Endgame">Endgame</a>" (2014), the concluding chapter to "Death of the Family".<a href="#cite_note-NewsaramaEndgame-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-65">[65]</a> The conclusion of the 2020 "<a href="/wiki/Joker_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker War">Joker War</a>" storyline by writer <a href="/wiki/James_Tynion_IV" title="James Tynion IV">James Tynion IV</a> and artist Jorge Jiménez sees the Joker leave Gotham after Batman chooses to let him die.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> This led to a second ongoing Joker series, beginning in March 2021 with Tynion writing and Guillem March providing art.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_biography">Character biography</h2></div> The Joker has undergone many revisions since his 1940 debut. The most common interpretation of the character is that of a man who, while disguised as the criminal Red Hood, is pursued by Batman and falls into a vat of chemicals that bleaches his skin, colors his hair green and his lips red, and drives him insane. The reasons why the Joker was disguised as the Red Hood and his identity before his transformation have changed over time.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge1-17">[17]</a> The character was introduced in Batman #1 (1940), in which he announces that he will kill three of Gotham's prominent citizens. Although the police protect his first announced victim, millionaire Henry Claridge, the Joker had poisoned him before making his announcement and Claridge dies with a ghastly grin on his face. Batman eventually defeats him, sending him to prison.<a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek2-68">[68]</a> The Joker commits crimes ranging from whimsical to brutal, for reasons that, in Batman's words, "make sense to him alone".<a href="#cite_note-Bio101-42">[42]</a> Detective Comics #168 (1951) introduced the Joker's first origin story as the former <a href="/wiki/Red_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hood">Red Hood</a>: a masked criminal who, during his final heist, vanished after leaping into a vat of chemicals to escape Batman. His resulting disfigurement drove him insane and led him to adopt the name "Joker", from the playing card figure he came to resemble.<a href="#cite_note-SilverAge1-25">[25]</a> The Joker's <a href="/wiki/Silver_Age_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Age (comics)">Silver Age</a> transformation into a figure of fun was established in 1952's "<a href="/wiki/Joker%27s_Millions" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker's Millions">The Joker's Millions</a>". In this story, the Joker is obsessed with maintaining his illusion of wealth and celebrity as a criminal <a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">folk hero</a>, afraid to let Gotham's citizens know that he is penniless and was tricked out of his fortune.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201127-69">[69]</a> The 1970s redefined the character as a homicidal <a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">sociopath</a>. "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge" has the Joker taking violent revenge on the former gang members who betrayed him,<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge10-33">[33]</a> while "The Laughing Fish" portrays him chemically disfiguring fish so they will share his trademark grin, hoping to profit from a copyright, and killing bureaucrats who stand in his way.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge6-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Moore_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An older caucasian male with long, thick hair and matching beard, sits facing the camera." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Alan_Moore_%282%29.jpg/170px-Alan_Moore_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Alan_Moore_%282%29.jpg/255px-Alan_Moore_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Alan_Moore_%282%29.jpg/340px-Alan_Moore_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2135" data-file-height="2735" /></a><figcaption>The Killing Joke author <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a> in 2008. The novel has been described as the greatest Joker story ever told.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge10-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-ModernAge11-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-ModernAgeCBR-57">[57]</a></figcaption></figure> Batman: The Killing Joke (1988) built on the Joker's 1951 origin story, portraying him as a failed comedian who participates in a robbery as the Red Hood to support his pregnant wife. Batman arrives to stop the robbery, provoking the terrified comedian into jumping into a vat of chemicals, which dyes his skin chalk-white, his hair green, and his lips bright red. His disfigurement, combined with the trauma of his wife's earlier accidental death, drives him insane, and results in the birth of the Joker.<a href="#cite_note-SilverAge1-25">[25]</a> However, the Joker says that this story may not be true; he admits that he does not remember exactly what drove him insane, and says that he prefers his past to be "multiple choice".<a href="#cite_note-TKJ-70">[70]</a> In this graphic novel, the Joker shoots and paralyzes <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a>, and tortures her father, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">Commissioner James "Jim" Gordon</a>, to prove that it only takes "one bad day" to drive a normal man insane.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011188-54">[54]</a> After Batman rescues Gordon and subdues the Joker, he offers to rehabilitate his old foe and end their rivalry. Although the Joker refuses, he shows his appreciation by sharing a joke with Batman.<a href="#cite_note-PersonalityTKJ-71">[71]</a> Following the character's maiming of Barbara, she became a more important character in the DC Universe: the Oracle, a data gatherer and superhero informant, who has her revenge in <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of Prey (comics)">Birds of Prey</a> by shattering the Joker's teeth and destroying his smile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011188-54">[54]</a> In the 1988 story "A Death in the Family", the Joker beats <a href="/wiki/Jason_Todd" title="Jason Todd">Jason Todd</a>, the second <a href="/wiki/Robin_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robin (comics)">Robin</a>, with a crowbar and leaves him to die in an explosion. Todd's death haunts Batman, and for the first time he seriously considers killing the Joker.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge5-50">[50]</a> The Joker temporarily escapes justice when Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> appoints him the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Iran_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations">Iranian ambassador to the United Nations</a>, giving him <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a>; however, when he tries to poison the U.N. membership, he is defeated by Batman and <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">[31]</a> In the 1999 "<a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="No Man's Land (comics)">No Man's Land</a>" storyline, the Joker murders Commissioner Gordon's second wife, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Essen_Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Essen Gordon">Sarah</a>, as she shields a group of infants.<a href="#cite_note-ComicNoManLand-72">[72]</a> He taunts Gordon, who shoots him in the kneecap. The Joker, lamenting that he may never walk again, collapses with laughter when he realizes that the commissioner has avenged Barbara's paralysis.<a href="#cite_note-DetectiveComic741-73">[73]</a> The 2000s began with the <a href="/wiki/Fictional_crossover" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional crossover">crossover</a> story "Emperor Joker", in which the Joker steals <a href="/wiki/Mister_Mxyzptlk" title="Mister Mxyzptlk">Mister Mxyzptlk</a>'s reality-altering power and remakes the universe in his image (torturing and killing Batman daily, before resurrecting him). When the supervillain then tries to destroy the universe, his reluctance to eliminate Batman makes him lose control, and Superman defeats him.<a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek3-74">[74]</a> Broken by his experience, Batman's experiences of death are transferred to Superman by the <a href="/wiki/Spectre_(DC_Comics_character)#Hal_Jordan,_Spirit_of_Redemption" title="Spectre (DC Comics character)">Spectre</a> so he can heal mentally.<a href="#cite_note-ComicEmperorJoker-75">[75]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Last_Laugh_(comics)" title="Last Laugh (comics)">Joker: Last Laugh</a> (2001), the doctors at <a href="/wiki/Arkham_Asylum" title="Arkham Asylum">Arkham Asylum</a> convince the character that he is dying in an attempt to rehabilitate him. Instead, the Joker (flanked by an army of "Jokerized" supervillains) launches a final crime spree. Believing that Robin (<a href="/wiki/Tim_Drake" title="Tim Drake">Tim Drake</a>) has been killed in the chaos, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a> beats the Joker to death (although Batman revives his foe to keep Grayson from becoming a murderer), and the villain succeeds in making a member of the Bat-family break their rule against killing.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek2-68">[68]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/Batman:_Under_the_Hood" title="Batman: Under the Hood">Under the Hood</a>" (2005), a resurrected Todd tries to force Batman to avenge his death by killing the Joker. Batman refuses, arguing that if he allowed himself to kill the Joker, he would not be able to stop himself from killing other criminals.<a href="#cite_note-ComicUndertheHood-76">[76]</a> The Joker kills <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Luthor,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Luthor, Jr.">Alexander Luthor, Jr.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Infinite_Crisis" title="Infinite Crisis">Infinite Crisis</a> (2005) for excluding him from the <a href="/wiki/Secret_Society_of_Super_Villains" title="Secret Society of Super Villains">Secret Society of Super Villains</a>, which considers him too unpredictable for membership.<a href="#cite_note-ComicInfiniteCrisis7-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-DoGIC-78">[78]</a> In Morrison's "<a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Son" title="Batman and Son">Batman and Son</a>" (2006), a deranged police officer who impersonates Batman shoots the Joker in the face, scarring and disabling him. The supervillain returns in "The Clown at Midnight" (2007) as an enigmatic force who awakens and tries to kill Harley Quinn to prove to Batman that he has become more than human.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011195-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">[31]</a> In the 2008 story arc "<a href="/wiki/Batman_R.I.P." title="Batman R.I.P.">Batman R.I.P.</a>" the Joker is recruited by the Black Glove to destroy Batman, but betrays the group, killing its members one by one.<a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek2-68">[68]</a> After Batman's apparent death in <a href="/wiki/Final_Crisis" title="Final Crisis">Final Crisis</a> (2008), Grayson investigates a series of murders (which leads him to a disguised Joker).<a href="#cite_note-ComicBatmanRobin12-80">[80]</a> The Joker is arrested, and then-Robin <a href="/wiki/Damian_Wayne" title="Damian Wayne">Damian Wayne</a> beats him with a crowbar, paralleling Todd's murder. When the Joker escapes, he attacks the Black Glove, burying its leader <a href="/wiki/Simon_Hurt" title="Simon Hurt">Simon Hurt</a> alive after the supervillain considers him a failure as an opponent; the Joker is then defeated by the recently returned Batman.<a href="#cite_note-InfoCA1-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-InfoCA2-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-ComicBatmanRobin16-83">[83]</a> In DC's <a href="/wiki/The_New_52" title="The New 52">The New 52</a>, a 2011 relaunch of its titles following <a href="/wiki/Flashpoint_(comics)" title="Flashpoint (comics)">Flashpoint</a>, the Joker has his own face cut off.<a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek-84">[84]</a> He disappears for a year, returning to launch an attack on Batman's extended family in "Death of the Family" so he and Batman can be the best hero and villain they can be.<a href="#cite_note-DotF1-85">[85]</a> At the end of the storyline, the Joker falls off a cliff into a dark abyss.<a href="#cite_note-DotF1-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOTFGuardian-86">[86]</a> The Joker returns in the 2014 storyline "Endgame" in which he brainwashes the Justice League into attacking Batman, believing he has betrayed their relationship.<a href="#cite_note-IGNEndgame-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGNEndgame2-88">[88]</a> The story implies that the Joker is immortal—having existed for centuries in Gotham as a cause of tragedy after exposure to a substance the Joker terms "dionesium"—and is able to regenerate from mortal injuries. "Endgame" restores the Joker's face, and also reveals that he knows Batman's <a href="/wiki/Secret_identity" title="Secret identity">secret identity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NewsaramaEndgame-64">[64]</a> The story ends with the apparent deaths of Batman and the Joker at each other's hands, though it is revealed that they were both resurrected in a life-restoring Lazarus Pit, without their memories.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-PostEndGameRama-89">[89]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batman_Three_Jokers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The perspective of Batman seated at a card table, drawing three Joker cards while looking at three Jokers before him." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Batman_Three_Jokers.jpg/170px-Batman_Three_Jokers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Batman_Three_Jokers.jpg/255px-Batman_Three_Jokers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5f/Batman_Three_Jokers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Promotional artwork for <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Three_Jokers" title="Batman: Three Jokers">Batman: Three Jokers</a> (2020), depicting the incarnations of the Joker from the Golden Age (bottom), the Silver Age (middle), and the Modern Age (top). Art by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Fabok" title="Jason Fabok">Jason Fabok</a>.</figcaption></figure> During the "<a href="/wiki/Darkseid_War" title="Darkseid War">Darkseid War</a>" (2015–2016) storyline, Batman uses <a href="/wiki/Metron_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metron (comics)">Metron</a>'s Mobius Chair to find out the Joker's real name; the chair's answer leaves Batman in disbelief. In the <a href="/wiki/DC_Rebirth" title="DC Rebirth">DC Universe: Rebirth</a> (2016) one-shot, Batman informs <a href="/wiki/Hal_Jordan" title="Hal Jordan">Hal Jordan</a> that the chair told him there were three individual Jokers, not just one.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> This revelation was the basis for the miniseries <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Three_Jokers" title="Batman: Three Jokers">Batman: Three Jokers</a> (2020), written by <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Johns" title="Geoff Johns">Geoff Johns</a> with art by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Fabok" title="Jason Fabok">Jason Fabok</a>. Three Jokers reveals that the three Jokers, who work in tandem, include "The Criminal", a methodical mastermind based on the Golden Age Joker; "The Clown", a goofy prankster based on the Silver Age Joker; and "The Comedian", a sadistic psychopath based on the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_of_Comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Age of Comics">Modern Age</a> Joker.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The Comedian orchestrates the deaths of the other two Jokers and reveals himself as the original. The miniseries ends with the revelation that Batman knows the Joker's true identity.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:27%; ; padding:10px; background-color: #EFEFEF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "They've given many origins of the Joker, how he came to be. That doesn't seem to matter—just how he is now. I never intended to give a reason for his appearance. We discussed that and Bill [Finger] and I never wanted to change it at that time. I thought—and he agreed—that it takes away some of the essential mystery." </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">– Jerry Robinson, the Joker's creator<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangley2012180-93">[93]</a></cite></div> </div> Although a number of <a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">backstories</a> have been given, a definitive one has never been established for the Joker. An <a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">unreliable narrator</a>, the character is uncertain of who he was before and how he became the Joker: "Sometimes I remember it one way, sometimes another ...if I'm going to have a past, I prefer it to be multiple choice!"<a href="#cite_note-Origin3-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-TKJ-70">[70]</a> A story about the Joker's origin appeared in Detective Comics #168 (February 1951), more than decade after the character's debut. Here, the character is a laboratory worker who becomes the Red Hood (a masked criminal) to steal $1 million and retire. He falls into a vat of chemical waste when his heist is thwarted by Batman, emerging with bleached white skin, red lips, green hair and a permanent grin.<a href="#cite_note-Origin1-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-95">[95]</a> This story was the basis for the most often-cited origin tale, Moore's <a href="/wiki/One-shot_(comics)" title="One-shot (comics)">one-shot</a> The Killing Joke.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge11-56">[56]</a> The man who will become the Joker quits his job as a lab assistant in order to fulfill his dream of being a stand-up comedian, only to fail miserably. Desperate to support his pregnant wife, he agrees to help two criminals commit a robbery as the Red Hood. The heist goes awry; the comedian leaps into a chemical vat to escape Batman, surfacing disfigured. This, combined with the earlier accidental death of his wife and unborn child, drives the comedian insane, turning him into the Joker.<a href="#cite_note-SilverAge1-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">[31]</a> This version has been cited in many stories, including <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Man_Who_Laughs" title="Batman: The Man Who Laughs">Batman: The Man Who Laughs</a> (in which Batman deduces that the Red Hood survived his fall and became the Joker), Batman #450 (in which the Joker dons the Red Hood to aid his recovery after the events in "A Death in the Family", but finds the experience too traumatic), <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Shadow_of_the_Bat" title="Batman: Shadow of the Bat">Batman: Shadow of the Bat</a> #38 (in which Joker's failed stand-up performance is shown), "Death of the Family",<a href="#cite_note-Origin2-95">[95]</a> and Batman: Three Jokers (which asserts that it is the <a href="/wiki/Canon_(fiction)" title="Canon (fiction)">canon</a> origin story).<a href="#cite_note-IGNThreeJokersEnding-96">[96]</a> Other stories have expanded on this origin; "<a href="/wiki/Batman:_Gotham_Knights" title="Batman: Gotham Knights">Pushback</a>" suggests that the Joker's wife was murdered by a corrupt policeman working for the mobsters,<a href="#cite_note-OriginPushback-97">[97]</a> and "Payback" gives the Joker's first name as "Jack".<a href="#cite_note-Origin2-95">[95]</a> The ending of Batman: Three Jokers establishes that the Joker's wife did not actually die—rather, she fled to Alaska with the help of Gotham police and Batman because she feared her husband would be an abusive father; the police then told the Joker a story about her dying to protect her. The miniseries also reveals that Batman knows the Joker's identity, and has kept it secret in order to protect the criminal's wife and son.<a href="#cite_note-IGNThreeJokersEnding-96">[96]</a> However, the Joker's unreliable memory has allowed writers to develop other origins for the character.<a href="#cite_note-Origin2-95">[95]</a> "Case Study", a <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dini" title="Paul Dini">Paul Dini</a>-<a href="/wiki/Alex_Ross" title="Alex Ross">Alex Ross</a> story, describes the Joker as a sadistic gangster who creates the Red Hood identity because he misses the thrill of committing robberies. He has his fateful first meeting with Batman, which results in his disfigurement. It is suggested that the Joker is sane, and researches his crimes to look like the work of a sick mind in order to avoid the death penalty. In <a href="/wiki/Batman_Confidential" title="Batman Confidential">Batman Confidential</a> #7–12, the character Jack is a career criminal who is bored with his work. He encounters (and becomes obsessed with) Batman during a heist, embarking on a crime spree to attract the Caped Crusader's attention. After Jack injures Batman's girlfriend, Batman scars Jack's face with a <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_smile" title="Glasgow smile">permanent grin</a> and betrays him to a group of mobsters, who torture him in a chemical plant. Jack escapes but falls into an empty vat as gunfire punctures chemical tanks above him. The flood of chemicals (used in <a href="/wiki/Anti-psychotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-psychotic">anti-psychotic</a> medication) alters his appearance and completes his transformation.<a href="#cite_note-ComicBatmanConfidential-98">[98]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Brave_and_the_Bold" title="The Brave and the Bold">The Brave and the Bold</a> #31, the superhero <a href="/wiki/Atom_(Ray_Palmer)" title="Atom (Ray Palmer)">Atom</a> enters the Joker's mind and sees the criminal's former self - a violent sociopath who <a href="/wiki/Zoosadism" title="Zoosadism">tortures animals</a>, murders his own parents, and kills for fun while committing robberies.<a href="#cite_note-BraveandBold31Review-99">[99]</a> Snyder's "<a href="/wiki/Batman:_Zero_Year" title="Batman: Zero Year">Zero Year</a>" (2013) suggests that the pre-disfigured Joker was a criminal mastermind leading a gang of Red Hoods.<a href="#cite_note-IGNEndgame-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-OriginZeroYear-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_versions">Alternative versions</h3></div> A number of <a href="/wiki/Parallel_universe_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel universe (fiction)">alternate universes</a> in DC Comics publications have allowed writers to introduce variations on the Joker, in which the character's origins, behavior, and morality differ from the mainstream setting.<a href="#cite_note-Multiverse-101">[101]</a> The Dark Knight Returns depicts the final battle between an aged Batman and Joker; others portray the aftermath of the Joker's death at the hands of a number of characters, including Superman.<a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek3-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-OtherInjustice-102">[102]</a> Still others describe distant futures in which the Joker is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">computer virus</a> or a hero trying to defeat the era's tyrannical Batman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201138-103">[103]</a> In some stories, the Joker is someone else entirely: In <a href="/wiki/Superman:_Speeding_Bullets" title="Superman: Speeding Bullets">Superman: Speeding Bullets</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Lex_Luthor" title="Lex Luthor">Lex Luthor</a> becomes the Joker in a world where Superman is Batman;<a href="#cite_note-OtherSpeeding-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Flashpoint_(comics)" title="Flashpoint (comics)">Flashpoint</a> (2011) portrays Batman's mother, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wayne" title="Martha Wayne">Martha Wayne</a>, becoming the Joker after being driven mad by her son's murder;<a href="#cite_note-OtherFlashpoint-105">[105]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Dark_Nights:_Metal" title="Dark Nights: Metal">Dark Nights: Metal</a> (2017), Batman is infected by a toxin after killing the Joker, which turns him into the supervillain, <a href="/wiki/The_Batman_Who_Laughs" title="The Batman Who Laughs">The Batman Who Laughs</a>, a combination of Batman's and the Joker's personalities.<a href="#cite_note-THRTBWL-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characterization">Characterization</h2></div> Renowned as Batman's greatest enemy,<a href="#cite_note-ImpactRama2013-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-GRadarGreatest-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGNRogues-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGGreatest-110">[110]</a> the Joker is known by a number of nicknames, including the Clown Prince of Crime, the Harlequin of Hate, the Ace of Knaves, and the Jester of Genocide.<a href="#cite_note-IGNRogues-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nicknames-111">[111]</a> During the evolution of the <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe" title="DC Universe">DC Universe</a>, interpretations and versions of the Joker have taken two main forms. The original, dominant image is that of a <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopath</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangley2012130-112">[112]</a> with genius-level intelligence and a warped, sadistic sense of humor.<a href="#cite_note-CrackingUp-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-ComicsComix-114">[114]</a> The other version, popular in comic books from the late 1940s to the 1960s and in the 1960s television series, is an eccentric, harmless prankster and thief.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201169-115">[115]</a> Like other long-lived characters, the Joker's character and cultural interpretations have changed with time; however, unlike other characters who may need to reconcile or ignore previous versions to make sense, more than any other comic book character, the Joker thrives on his mutable and irreconcilable identities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201533-116">[116]</a> The Joker is typically seen in a purple suit with a long-tailed, padded-shoulder jacket, a string tie, gloves, striped pants and <a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">spats</a> on pointed-toe shoes (sometimes with a wide-brimmed hat). This appearance is such a fundamental aspect of the character that when the 2004 animated series <a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(TV_series)" title="The Batman (TV series)">The Batman</a> placed the Joker in a straitjacket, it quickly redesigned him in his familiar suit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201169-115">[115]</a> The Joker is obsessed with Batman, the pair representing a <a href="/wiki/Yin-yang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yin-yang">yin-yang</a> of opposing dark and light force, although it is the Joker who represents humor and color and Batman who dwells in the dark.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201137-117">[117]</a> No crime – including murder, theft, and <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> – is beyond the Joker, and his exploits are theatrical performances that are funny to him alone. Spectacle is more important than success for the Joker, and if it is not spectacular it is boring.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015XIX-118">[118]</a> Although the Joker claims indifference to everything, he secretly craves Batman's attention and validation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011105-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge6-32">[32]</a> The character was described as having killed over 2,000 people in <a href="/wiki/The_Joker:_Devil%27s_Advocate" title="The Joker: Devil's Advocate">The Joker: Devil's Advocate</a> (1996). Despite this body count, he is always found <a href="/wiki/Insanity_defense" title="Insanity defense">not guilty by reason of insanity</a> and sent to <a href="/wiki/Arkham_Asylum" title="Arkham Asylum">Arkham Asylum</a>, avoiding the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JokerDevilsAdvocate-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangley2012162–163-121">[121]</a> Many of the Joker's acts attempt to force Batman to kill; to the Joker, the greatest victory would be to make Batman become like him. The Joker displays no instinct for self-preservation, and is willing to die to prove his point that anyone could become like him after "one bad day".<a href="#cite_note-ImpactMoral3-122">[122]</a> The Joker is the "personification of the irrational," and represents "everything Batman [opposes]."<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personality">Personality</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ComicCon2008jerryrobinson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Smiling, bearded white-haired man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ComicCon2008jerryrobinson.jpg/170px-ComicCon2008jerryrobinson.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/ComicCon2008jerryrobinson.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Joker co-creator <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a> in 2008; he conceived the Joker as an exotic, enduring archvillain who could repeatedly challenge Batman</figcaption></figure> The Joker's main characteristic is his apparent insanity, although he is not described as having any particular psychological disorder. Like a psychopath, he lacks empathy, a conscience, and concern over right and wrong. In Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth, the Joker is described as capable of processing outside sensory information only by adapting to it. This enables him to create a new personality every day (depending on what would benefit him) and explains why, at different times, he is a mischievous clown or a psychopathic killer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangley2012180–181-124">[124]</a> In "The Clown at Midnight" (Batman #663 (April 2007)), the Joker enters a meditative state where he evaluates his previous selves to consciously create a new personality, effectively modifying himself for his needs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015217-125">[125]</a> The Killing Joke (in which the Joker is the <a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">unreliable narrator</a>) explains the roots of his insanity as "one bad day": losing his wife and unborn child and being disfigured by chemicals, paralleling Batman's origin in the loss of his parents. He tries (and fails) to prove that anyone can become like him after one bad day by torturing Commissioner Gordon, physically and psychologically.<a href="#cite_note-Personality2-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011188-54">[54]</a> Batman offers to rehabilitate his foe; the Joker apologetically declines, believing it too late for him to be saved.<a href="#cite_note-PersonalityTKJ-71">[71]</a> Other interpretations show that the Joker is fully aware of how his actions affect others and that his insanity as merely an act.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201137-117">[117]</a> Comics scholar <a href="/wiki/Peter_Coogan" title="Peter Coogan">Peter Coogan</a> describes the Joker as trying to reshape reality to fit himself by imposing his face on his victims (and fish) in an attempt to make the world comprehensible by creating a twisted parody of himself. Englehart's "The Laughing Fish" demonstrates the character's illogical nature: trying to copyright fish that bear his face, and not understanding why threatening the copyright clerk cannot produce the desired result.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge20-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangley2012183–184-126">[126]</a> The Joker is alternatively depicted as sexual and <a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">asexual</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan_Smith2013379-127">[127]</a> In The Dark Knight Returns and Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth, the Joker is seductive toward Batman; it is uncertain if their relationship has <a href="/wiki/Homoerotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoerotic">homoerotic</a> undertones or if the Joker is simply trying to manipulate his nemesis. Frank Miller interpreted the character as fixated on death and uninterested in sexual relationships, while Robinson believed that the Joker is capable of a romantic relationship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan_Smith2013379-127">[127]</a> His relationship with Harley Quinn is abusively paradoxical; although the Joker keeps her at his side, he heedlessly harms her (for example, throwing her out a window without seeing if she survives). Harley loves him, but the Joker does not reciprocate her feelings, chiding her for distracting him from other plans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangley2012177–180-128">[128]</a> Snyder's "Death of the Family" describes the Joker as in love with Batman, although not in a traditionally romantic way. The Joker believes that Batman has not killed him because he makes Batman better and he loves the villain for that.<a href="#cite_note-ModernAge14-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-CharacterDOTF-129">[129]</a> Batman comic book writer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tomasi" title="Peter Tomasi">Peter Tomasi</a> concurred, stating that the Joker's main goal is to make Batman the best that he can be.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015XXI-130">[130]</a> The Joker and Batman represent opposites: the extroverted Joker wears colorful clothing and embraces chaos, while the introverted, monochromatic Batman represents order and discipline. The Joker is often depicted as defining his existence through his conflict with Batman. In 1994's "Going Sane", the villain tries to lead a normal life after Batman's (apparent) death, only to become his old self again when Batman reappears; in "Emperor Joker", an apparently omnipotent Joker cannot destroy Batman without undoing himself. Since the Joker is simply "the Joker", he believes that Batman is "Batman" (with or without the costume) and has no interest in what is behind Batman's mask, ignoring opportunities to learn Batman's secret identity.<a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek3-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201137–38-131">[131]</a> Given the opportunity to kill Batman, the villain demurs; he believes that without their game, winning is pointless.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011105-119">[119]</a> The character has no desire for typical criminal goals like money or power; his criminality is designed only to continue his game with Batman.<a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek-84">[84]</a> The Joker is portrayed as having no fear; when fellow supervillain <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a> doses him with fear toxin in <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Knightfall" title="Batman: Knightfall">Knightfall</a> (1993), the Joker merely laughs and says "Boo!"<a href="#cite_note-DetectiveComic664-132">[132]</a> The villain has been temporarily rendered sane by several means, including <a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">telepathic</a> manipulation by the <a href="/wiki/Martian_Manhunter" title="Martian Manhunter">Martian Manhunter</a><a href="#cite_note-PersonalityTKJ-71">[71]</a> and being resurrected in a Lazarus Pit (an experience typically inducing temporary insanity in the subject). At these moments, the Joker is depicted as expressing remorse for his crimes;<a href="#cite_note-ComicLotDarkKnight145-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-ComicJLA15-134">[134]</a> however, during a medically induced period of partial sanity in <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Cacophony" title="Batman: Cacophony">Batman: Cacophony</a>, he tells Batman, "I don't hate you 'cause I'm crazy. I'm crazy 'cause I hate you," and confirms that he will only stop killing when Batman is dead.<a href="#cite_note-CraveCacophony-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-ComicCacophony-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skills_and_equipment">Skills and equipment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joker_(DC_Comics_character).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Joker_%28DC_Comics_character%29.jpg/220px-Joker_%28DC_Comics_character%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/98/Joker_%28DC_Comics_character%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>The Joker's lapel often holds an acid-spraying flower.</figcaption></figure> The Joker has no inherent superhuman abilities.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactWhatCulture-137">[137]</a> He commits crimes with a variety of weaponized thematic props such as a deck of razor-tipped playing cards, rolling marbles, <a href="/wiki/Jack-in-the-box" title="Jack-in-the-box">jack-in-the-boxes</a> with unpleasant surprises and exploding cigars capable of leveling a building. The flower in his lapel sprays acid, and his hand often holds a lethal joy buzzer conducting a million volts of electricity, although both items were introduced in 1952 as harmless joke items.<a href="#cite_note-JokerGadgets-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201170-138">[138]</a> However, his chemical genius provides his most-notable weapon: "Joker venom", a liquid or gaseous toxin that sends its targets into fits of uncontrollable laughter; higher doses can lead to paralysis, coma or death, leaving its victim with a ghoulish, pained rictus grin. The Joker has used venom since his debut; only he knows the formula, and is shown to be gifted enough to manufacture the toxin from ordinary household chemicals. Another version of the venom (used in Joker: Last Laugh) makes its victims resemble the Joker, susceptible to his orders.<a href="#cite_note-BronzeAge6-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-JokerBioGeek2-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-WeaponsVenom-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201169,_124-140">[140]</a> The villain is immune to venom and most poisons; in Batman #663 (April 2007), Morrison writes that being "an avid consumer of his own chemical experiments, the Joker's immunity to poison concoctions that might kill another man in an instant has been developed over years of dedicated abuse."<a href="#cite_note-Batman663-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201169-115">[115]</a> The character's arsenal is inspired by his nemesis' weaponry, such as <a href="/wiki/Batarang" title="Batarang">batarangs</a>. In "The Joker's Utility Belt" (1952), he mimicked <a href="/wiki/Batman%27s_utility_belt" title="Batman's utility belt">Batman's utility belt</a> with non-lethal items, such as Mexican jumping beans and sneezing powder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201170-138">[138]</a> In 1942's "The Joker Follows Suit", the villain built his versions of the <a href="/wiki/Batplane" title="Batplane">Batplane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batmobile" title="Batmobile">Batmobile</a>, the Jokergyro and Jokermobile (the latter with a large Joker face on its hood), and created a Joker-signal with which criminals could summon him for their heists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201170,_75-142">[142]</a> The Jokermobile lasted for several decades, evolving with the Batmobile. His technical genius is not limited by practicality, allowing him to hijack Gotham's television airwaves to issue threats, transform buildings into death traps, launch a gas attack on the city and rain poisoned glass shards on its citizens from an airship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201175-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGNJokerStories-144">[144]</a> The Joker is portrayed as skilled in <a href="/wiki/Melee" title="Melee">melee</a> combat, from his initial appearances when he defeats Batman in a sword fight (nearly killing him), and others when he overwhelms Batman but declines to kill him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201124,_37–38,_105-145">[145]</a> He is talented with firearms, although even his guns are theatrical; his long-barreled revolver often releases a flag reading "Bang", and a second trigger-pull launches the flag to skewer its target.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201170-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Debut-146">[146]</a> Although formidable in combat, the Joker's chief asset is his mind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201138-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships">Relationships</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_family_enemies" title="List of Batman family enemies">List of Batman family enemies</a></div> The Joker's unpredictable, homicidal nature makes him one of the most feared supervillains in the DC Universe; the <a href="/wiki/Trickster_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trickster (comics)">Trickster</a> says in the 1995 miniseries <a href="/wiki/Underworld_Unleashed" title="Underworld Unleashed">Underworld Unleashed</a>, "When super-villains want to scare each other, they tell Joker stories."<a href="#cite_note-BatmanUnauthorized-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-UnderworldUnleashed-148">[148]</a> Gotham's villains also feel threatened by the character; depending on the circumstances, he is as likely to fight with his rivals for control of the city as he is to join them for an entertaining outcome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201183-149">[149]</a> The Joker interacts with other supervillains who oppose Batman, whether he is on the streets or in Arkham Asylum. He has collaborated with criminals like the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a>, although these partnerships rarely end well due to the Joker's desire for unbridled chaos, and he uses his stature to lead others (such as <a href="/wiki/Killer_Croc" title="Killer Croc">Killer Croc</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201183,_86-150">[150]</a> The Joker's greatest rival is <a href="/wiki/Lex_Luthor" title="Lex Luthor">Lex Luthor</a>, the smartest man in the world and Superman's archenemy. Although the villains have a friendly partnership in 1950's World's Finest Comics #88, later unions emphasized their mutual hostility and clashing egos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201186,_93-151">[151]</a> Despite his tendency to kill subordinates on a whim, the Joker has no difficulty attracting henchmen with a seemingly infinite cash supply and intimidation; they are too afraid of their employer to refuse his demands that they wear red clown noses or laugh at his macabre jokes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201175-143">[143]</a> Even with his unpredictability and lack of superhuman powers, the 2007 limited series Salvation Run sees hundreds of villains fall under his spell because they are more afraid of him than Lex Luthor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011124,_126-152">[152]</a> Batman #186 (1966) introduced the Joker's first sidekick: the one-shot character Gaggy Gagsworthy, who is short and dressed like a clown; the character was later resurrected as an enemy of his replacement, Harley Quinn.<a href="#cite_note-SidekickGaggy-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-SidekickGaggy2-154">[154]</a> Introduced in the 1992 animated series, Quinn is the Joker's former Arkham psychiatrist who develops an obsessive infatuation with him and dons a red-and-black <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">harlequin</a> costume to join him as his sidekick and on-off girlfriend. They have a classic <a href="/wiki/Abusive_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Abusive relationship">abusive relationship</a>; even though the Joker constantly insults, hurts, and even tries to kill Harley, she always returns to him, convinced that he loves her.<a href="#cite_note-SidekickGaggy2-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011143,_152-155">[155]</a> The Joker is sometimes shown to keep <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">laughing hyenas</a> as pets; this trait was introduced in the 1977 animated series <a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Batman" title="The New Adventures of Batman">The New Adventures of Batman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201175-143">[143]</a> A 1976 issue of <a href="/wiki/Batman_Family" title="Batman Family">Batman Family</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Duela_Dent" title="Duela Dent">Duela Dent</a> as the Joker's daughter, though her parentage claim was later proven to be false.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011177-39">[39]</a> Although his chief obsession is Batman, the character has occasionally ventured outside Gotham City to fight Batman's superhero allies. In "To Laugh and Die in Metropolis" (1987) the character kidnaps <a href="/wiki/Lois_Lane" title="Lois Lane">Lois Lane</a>, distracting Superman with a nuclear weapon. The story is notable for the Joker taking on a (relative) god and the ease with which Superman defeats him—it took only 17 pages. Asked why he came to Metropolis, the Joker replies simply: "Oh Superman, why not?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011121-156">[156]</a> In 1995, the Joker fought his third major DC hero: <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a>, who drew on the Greek god of trickery to temper the Joker's humor and shatter his confidence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011121–122,_124-157">[157]</a> The character has joined supervillain groups like the Injustice Gang and the Injustice League to take on superhero groups like the Justice League.<a href="#cite_note-Teamup1-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Teamup2-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_analysis">Literary analysis</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joker_expo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large playing card bearing the Joker's face stands before a series of art works featuring the Joker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Joker_expo.jpg/220px-Joker_expo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Joker_expo.jpg/330px-Joker_expo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Joker_expo.jpg/440px-Joker_expo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A 2015 art exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_International_Comics_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona International Comics Convention">Barcelona International Comics Convention</a> focused on the Joker, celebrating the character's 75th anniversary<a href="#cite_note-SalondeBarcelona-160">[160]</a></figcaption></figure> Since the Bronze Age of Comics, the Joker has been interpreted as an archetypal <a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">trickster</a>, displaying talents for cunning intelligence, social engineering, pranks, theatricality, and <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idiomatic</a> humor. Like the trickster, the Joker alternates between malicious violence and clever, harmless whimsy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015109,_195-161">[161]</a> He is amoral and not driven by ethical considerations, but by a shameless and insatiable nature, and although his actions are condemned as evil, he is necessary for cultural robustness.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015111-162">[162]</a> The trickster employs amoral and immoral acts to destabilize the status quo and reveal cultural, political, and ethical hypocrisies that society attempts to ignore.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015109-163">[163]</a> However, the Joker differs in that his actions typically only benefit himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015112-164">[164]</a> The Joker possesses abnormal body imagery, reflecting an inversion of order. The trickster is simultaneously subhuman and superhuman, a being that indicates a lack of unity in body and mind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015195-165">[165]</a> In Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth, the Joker serves as Batman's trickster guide through the hero's own psyche, testing him in various ways before ultimately offering to cede his rule of the Asylum to Batman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015205-166">[166]</a> Rather than the typical <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a> interpretation, others have analysed the character as a <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> (opposite to Batman's capitalist), arguing that anarchism requires the rejection of all authority in favor of uncontrolled freedom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201595-167">[167]</a> The Joker rejects most authority, but retains his own, using his actions to coerce and consolidate power in himself and convert the masses to his own way of thinking, while eliminating any that oppose him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201521-168">[168]</a> In The Killing Joke, the Joker is an abused member of the <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">underclass</a> who is driven insane by failings of the social system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201596-169">[169]</a> The Joker rejects material needs, and his first appearance in Batman #1 sees him perpetrate crimes against Gotham's wealthiest men and the judge who had sent him to prison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201598-170">[170]</a> Batman is wealthy, yet the Joker is able to triumph through his own innovations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201599-171">[171]</a> Ryan Litsey described the Joker as an example of a "<a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzschean Superman</a>," arguing that a fundamental aspect of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>'s <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch" title="Übermensch">Superman</a>, the "will to power," is exemplified in all of the Joker's actions, providing a <a href="/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_morality" title="Master–slave morality">master morality</a> to Batman's slave morality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201522-172">[172]</a> The character's indomitable "will to power" means he is never discouraged by being caught or defeated and he is not restrained by guilt or remorse.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015185-173">[173]</a> Joker represents the master, who creates rules and defines them, who judges others without needing approval, and for whom something is good because it benefits him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015185–6-174">[174]</a> He creates his own morality and is bound only by his own rules without aspiring to something higher than himself, unlike Batman, the slave, who makes a distinction between good and evil, and is bound to rules outside of himself (such as his avoidance of killing) in his quest for justice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015187–8-175">[175]</a> The Joker has no defined origin story that requires him to question how he came to be, as like the Superman he does not regret or assess the past and only moves forward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015189-176">[176]</a> The Joker's controlling and abusive relationship with Harley Quinn has been analyzed as a means of the Joker reinforcing his own belief in his power in a world where he may be killed or neutralized by another villain or Batman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201583–84-177">[177]</a> Joker mirrors his identity through Harley in her appearance, and even though he may ignore or act indifferent towards her, he continues to try to subject her to his control.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201583–84-177">[177]</a> When Harley successfully defeats Batman in <a href="/wiki/The_Batman_Adventures:_Mad_Love" title="The Batman Adventures: Mad Love">Mad Love</a> (1994), the Joker, emasculated by his own failure, severely injures her out of fear of what the other villains will think of him; however, while Harley recovers, the Joker sends her flowers, which she accepts, reasserting his control over her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201586–87-178">[178]</a> Harley's co-creator, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dini" title="Paul Dini">Paul Dini</a>, describes their relationship as Harley being someone who makes the Joker feel better about himself, and who can do the work that he does not want to do himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201587-179">[179]</a> In the 1999 one-shot comic Batman: Harley Quinn, the Joker decides to kill Harley, after admitting that he does care for her, that their relationship is romantic, and that these feelings prevent him from fulfilling his purpose.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201585–86-180">[180]</a> Removing the traditional male-female relationship, such as in the Batman: Thrillkiller storyline where the Joker (Bianca Steeplechase) is a female and involved in a <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a> relationship with Harley, their relationship lacks any aspects of violence or subjugation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201590–91-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_impact_and_legacy">Cultural impact and legacy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batman_villains_The_Penguin_The_Riddler_The_Joker_1967.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three smiling live-action villains next to electronic equipment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Batman_villains_The_Penguin_The_Riddler_The_Joker_1967.JPG/170px-Batman_villains_The_Penguin_The_Riddler_The_Joker_1967.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Batman_villains_The_Penguin_The_Riddler_The_Joker_1967.JPG/255px-Batman_villains_The_Penguin_The_Riddler_The_Joker_1967.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Batman_villains_The_Penguin_The_Riddler_The_Joker_1967.JPG/340px-Batman_villains_The_Penguin_The_Riddler_The_Joker_1967.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1290" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Romero" title="Cesar Romero">Cesar Romero</a> as the Joker (top) in the 1966 film Batman (based on the TV series of the same name), with <a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> as the Penguin (left) and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gorshin" title="Frank Gorshin">Frank Gorshin</a> as the Riddler (center)</figcaption></figure> The Joker is considered one of the most recognizable and iconic fictional characters in popular culture,<a href="#cite_note-ImpactIGN2-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactComplex-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-LubbockOnline-184">[184]</a> one of the best comic villains, and one of the greatest villains of all time.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactLATimes-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactIGNHero-186">[186]</a> The character was well-liked following his debut, appearing in nine out of the first 12 Batman issues, and remained one of Batman's most popular foes throughout his publication.<a href="#cite_note-CBR75Greatest-187">[187]</a> The character is considered one of the four top comic book characters, alongside Batman, Superman, and <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LubbockOnline-184">[184]</a> Indeed, when DC Comics released the original series of Greatest Stories Ever Told (1987–1988) featuring collections of stories about heroes like Batman and Superman, the Joker was the only villain included alongside them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015XVIII-188">[188]</a> The character has been the focus of ethical discussion on the desirability of Batman (who adheres to an unbreakable code forbidding killing) saving lives by murdering the Joker (a relentless dealer of death). These debates weigh the positive (stopping the Joker permanently) against its effect on Batman's character and the possibility that he might begin killing all criminals.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactMoral3-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactMoral1-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactMoral2-190">[190]</a> In 2006, the Joker was number one on <a href="/wiki/Wizard_(magazine)" title="Wizard (magazine)">Wizard</a> magazine's "100 Greatest Villains of All Time."<a href="#cite_note-ImpactWizard-191">[191]</a> In 2008 Wizard's list of "200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time" placed the Joker fifth,<a href="#cite_note-ImpactWizard2-192">[192]</a> and the character was eighth on <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a>'s list of "50 Greatest Comic Book Characters" (the highest-ranked villain on both lists).<a href="#cite_note-ImpactEmpire-193">[193]</a> In 2009, the Joker was second on <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>'s list of "Top 100 Comic Book Villains,"<a href="#cite_note-ImpactIGN-194">[194]</a> and in 2011, <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> named him "Comics' Greatest Supervillain."<a href="#cite_note-ImpactWired-195">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Complex_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex (magazine)">Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/CollegeHumor" title="CollegeHumor">CollegeHumor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WhatCulture" title="WhatCulture">WhatCulture</a> named the Joker the greatest comic book villain of all time<a href="#cite_note-ImpactComplex-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactWhatCulture-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactCHumor2013-196">[196]</a> while IGN listed him the top DC Comics villain in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-ImpactIGN2013-197">[197]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newsarama" title="Newsarama">Newsarama</a> as the greatest Batman villain.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactRama2013-107">[107]</a> The Joker's popularity (and his role as Batman's enemy) has involved the character in most Batman-related media, from television to video games.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactCBR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Origin3-6">[6]</a> These adaptations of the character have been received positively<a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge2-19">[19]</a> on film,<a href="#cite_note-ImpactAFI100-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImpactTime2013-199">[199]</a> television,<a href="#cite_note-ImpactTVGuide-200">[200]</a> and in video games.<a href="#cite_note-ImpactGRadar-201">[201]</a> As in the comics, the character's personality and appearance shift; he is campy, ferocious or unstable, depending on the author and the intended audience.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenAge2-19">[19]</a> The character inspired theme-park roller coasters (such as <a href="/wiki/The_Joker%27s_Jinx" title="The Joker's Jinx">The Joker's Jinx</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CulturalCoaster2-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-CulturalCoaster1-203">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(Six_Flags_Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Joker (Six Flags Mexico)">The Joker in Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(Six_Flags_Discovery_Kingdom)" title="The Joker (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)">California</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CulturalCoaster5-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-CulturalCoaster10-205">[205]</a> and The Joker Chaos Coaster),<a href="#cite_note-CulturalCoaster50-206">[206]</a> and featured in story-based rides such as <a href="/wiki/Justice_League:_Battle_for_Metropolis" title="Justice League: Battle for Metropolis">Justice League: Battle for Metropolis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CulturalCoaster50-206">[206]</a> The Joker is one of the few comic book supervillains to be represented on children's merchandise and toys, appearing on items including action figures, trading cards, board games, money boxes, pajamas, socks, and shoes.<a href="#cite_note-LubbockOnline-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201519-207">[207]</a> The Jokermobile was a popular toy; a Corgi <a href="/wiki/Die-cast_toy" title="Die-cast toy">die-cast metal</a> replica was successful during the 1950s, and in the 1970s a Joker-styled, <a href="/wiki/Flower_power" title="Flower power">flower power</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2" title="Volkswagen Type 2">Volkswagen microbus</a> was manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Mego_Corporation" title="Mego Corporation">Mego</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201175-143">[143]</a> In 2015, The Joker: A Serious Study of the Clown Prince of Crime became the first academic book to be published about a supervillain.<a href="#cite_note-LubbockOnline-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_phenomena">Online phenomena</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Joker%22_graffiti_in_Amsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Barack Obama Joker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%22Joker%22_graffiti_in_Amsterdam.jpg/220px-%22Joker%22_graffiti_in_Amsterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%22Joker%22_graffiti_in_Amsterdam.jpg/330px-%22Joker%22_graffiti_in_Amsterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%22Joker%22_graffiti_in_Amsterdam.jpg/440px-%22Joker%22_graffiti_in_Amsterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption>Street art inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">Barack Obama "Joker" poster</a>, an early example of the Joker's close relationship to politics and wider culture</figcaption></figure> The Joker has inspired a large number of <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">internet memes</a>, often stemming from the character's portrayal in films. According to Steven T. Wright of <a href="/wiki/The_Outline_(website)" title="The Outline (website)">The Outline</a>, the character "came to symbolize the archetype of the '<a href="/wiki/Edgelord" title="Edgelord">edgelord</a>,' a vapid, self-styled provocateur who prides himself in his ability to '<a href="/wiki/Trigger_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigger warning">trigger</a>' those who hold <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> viewpoints."<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The phrase "We live in a society" is commonly associated with the Joker in memes, especially after the release of the trailers of the 2019 film <a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a>. The line garnered particular notoriety after a trailer for the film <a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder%27s_Justice_League" title="Zack Snyder's Justice League">Zack Snyder's Justice League</a> (2021) featured Joker saying the line.<a href="#cite_note-Society-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-SocietyDeletedScene-210">[210]</a> The Joker is often featured as part of the "Gang Weed" meme, a satirical take on <a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">incels</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Neckbeard_(slang)" title="Neckbeard (slang)">neckbeards</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Nice_guy" title="Nice guy">nice guys</a>", as well as <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">cannabis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_game_culture" title="Video game culture">gamer culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_media">In other media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joker_in_other_media" title="Joker in other media">Joker in other media</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Smiling, middle-aged man in black jacket and shirt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/93px-Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/140px-Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/186px-Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="1782" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Heath_Ledger_(Berlin_Film_Festival_2006)_revised.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Young man with short beard, looking past the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Heath_Ledger_%28Berlin_Film_Festival_2006%29_revised.jpg/112px-Heath_Ledger_%28Berlin_Film_Festival_2006%29_revised.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Heath_Ledger_%28Berlin_Film_Festival_2006%29_revised.jpg/168px-Heath_Ledger_%28Berlin_Film_Festival_2006%29_revised.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Heath_Ledger_%28Berlin_Film_Festival_2006%29_revised.jpg/224px-Heath_Ledger_%28Berlin_Film_Festival_2006%29_revised.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1661" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Joaquin_Phoenix-1325.jpg_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Middle-aged man with a short beard, looking past the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Joaquin_Phoenix-1325.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-Joaquin_Phoenix-1325.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Joaquin_Phoenix-1325.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-Joaquin_Phoenix-1325.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Joaquin_Phoenix-1325.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Joaquin_Phoenix-1325.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2211" data-file-height="2635" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a> has voiced the Joker in animation and video games since 1992. <a href="/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a> won a posthumous Academy Award for <a href="/wiki/Joker_(The_Dark_Knight)" title="Joker (The Dark Knight)">his interpretation of the character</a> in 2008's <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> won an Academy Award for his interpretation of the character in 2019's <a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a>.</div></div></div></div> The Joker has appeared in a variety of media, including television series, animated and live-action films. <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (a catalog of libraries in 170 countries) records over 250 productions featuring the Joker as a subject, including films, books, and video games,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee201519-207">[207]</a> and Batman films which feature the character are typically the most successful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015XXI-130">[130]</a> The character's earliest on-screen adaptation was in the 1966 television series Batman and its film adaptation <a href="/wiki/Batman_(1966_film)" title="Batman (1966 film)">Batman</a>, in which he was played as a cackling prankster by Cesar Romero (reflecting his contemporary comic counterpart).<a href="#cite_note-ImpactIGN2-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media4-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media66-214">[214]</a> The Joker then appeared in the animated television series <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Batman" title="The Adventures of Batman">The Adventures of Batman</a> (1968, voiced by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Knight" title="Ted Knight">Ted Knight</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FilmationVoice3-215">[215]</a> The New Adventures of Batman (1977, voiced by <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Weinrib" title="Lennie Weinrib">Lennie Weinrib</a>)<a href="#cite_note-MediaWeinrib-216">[216]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Super_Powers_Team:_Galactic_Guardians" title="The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians">The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians</a> (1985, voiced by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Welker" title="Frank Welker">Frank Welker</a>).<a href="#cite_note-MediaWelker-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaWelker2-218">[218]</a> A version of the Joker named <a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">Jack Napier</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>) made his film debut in 1989's Batman, which earned over $400 million at the worldwide box office. The role was a defining performance in Nicholson's career and was considered to overshadow Batman's, with film critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> saying that the audience must sometimes remind themselves not to root for the Joker.<a href="#cite_note-Media3-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaEbert-220">[220]</a> Batman's success led to the 1992 television series, <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Batman: The Animated Series">Batman: The Animated Series</a>. Voiced by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a>, the Joker retained the darker tone of the comics in stories acceptable for young children.<a href="#cite_note-Media1-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media2-222">[222]</a> Hamill's Joker is considered a defining portrayal, and he voiced the character in spin-off films (1993's <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Mask_of_the_Phantasm" title="Batman: Mask of the Phantasm">Batman: Mask of the Phantasm</a> and 2000's <a href="/wiki/Batman_Beyond:_Return_of_the_Joker" title="Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker">Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker</a>), video games (2001's <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Vengeance" title="Batman: Vengeance">Batman: Vengeance</a>), related series (1996's <a href="/wiki/Superman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Superman: The Animated Series">Superman: The Animated Series</a>, 2000's <a href="/wiki/Static_Shock" title="Static Shock">Static Shock</a> and 2001's <a href="/wiki/Justice_League_(TV_series)" title="Justice League (TV series)">Justice League</a>), action figures, toys and amusement-park voiceovers.<a href="#cite_note-Media8-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media9-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaSShock-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201117-226">[226]</a> A redesigned Joker, voiced by <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Michael_Richardson" title="Kevin Michael Richardson">Kevin Michael Richardson</a>, appeared in 2004's <a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(TV_series)" title="The Batman (TV series)">The Batman</a>; Richardson was the first African-American to play the character.<a href="#cite_note-MediaTheBatman-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaTheBatman2-228">[228]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a>'s successful 2005 Batman film reboot, <a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins" title="Batman Begins">Batman Begins</a>, which ended with a teaser for the <a href="/wiki/Joker_(The_Dark_Knight)" title="Joker (The Dark Knight)">Joker</a>'s involvement in a sequel, the character appeared in 2008's The Dark Knight, played by <a href="/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a> as an avatar of anarchy and chaos.<a href="#cite_note-Media5-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaTDK-230">[230]</a> While Batman Begins earned a worldwide total of $370 million;<a href="#cite_note-MediaTDK4-231">[231]</a> The Dark Knight earned over $1 billion and was the highest-grossing film of the year, setting several contemporary box-office records (including highest-grossing midnight opening, opening day and opening weekend).<a href="#cite_note-MediaTDK2-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaTDK3-233">[233]</a> Ledger won a posthumous <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor</a> for his performance, the first acting Oscar ever won for a superhero film.<a href="#cite_note-Media6-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media7-235">[235]</a> The Joker has featured in a number of animated projects, such as 2009's <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Brave_and_the_Bold" title="Batman: The Brave and the Bold">Batman: The Brave and the Bold</a> (voiced by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bennett" title="Jeff Bennett">Jeff Bennett</a>)<a href="#cite_note-MediaTBatB-236">[236]</a> and 2011's <a href="/wiki/Young_Justice_(TV_series)" title="Young Justice (TV series)">Young Justice</a> (voiced by <a href="/wiki/Brent_Spiner" title="Brent Spiner">Brent Spiner</a>).<a href="#cite_note-MediaYJ-237">[237]</a> In comic book adaptations, the character has been voiced by <a href="/wiki/John_DiMaggio" title="John DiMaggio">John DiMaggio</a> in 2010's <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Under_the_Red_Hood" title="Batman: Under the Red Hood">Batman: Under the Red Hood</a> and 2020's <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Death_in_the_Family" title="Batman: Death in the Family">Batman: Death in the Family</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Emerson" title="Michael Emerson">Michael Emerson</a> in 2012's two-parter <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Dark_Knight_Returns_(film)" title="Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (film)">The Dark Knight Returns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Media12-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media13-239">[239]</a> The television series <a href="/wiki/Gotham_(TV_series)" title="Gotham (TV series)">Gotham</a> (2014–2019) explores the mythology of the Joker through twin brothers <a href="/wiki/Jerome_and_Jeremiah_Valeska" title="Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska">Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska</a>, played by <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Monaghan" title="Cameron Monaghan">Cameron Monaghan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gotham1-240">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jared_Leto" title="Jared Leto">Jared Leto</a> portrayed the <a href="/wiki/Joker_(DC_Extended_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker (DC Extended Universe)">Joker</a> in the <a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a>, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(2016_film)" title="Suicide Squad (2016 film)">Suicide Squad</a> (2016);<a href="#cite_note-MediaSuicide-241">[241]</a> Leto reprised the role in <a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder%27s_Justice_League" title="Zack Snyder's Justice League">Zack Snyder's Justice League</a> (2021).<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zach_Galifianakis" title="Zach Galifianakis">Zach Galifianakis</a> voiced the character in <a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Batman_Movie" title="The Lego Batman Movie">The Lego Batman Movie</a> (2017).<a href="#cite_note-MediaTLBM-243">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Todd_Phillips" title="Todd Phillips">Todd Phillips</a>' 2019 film <a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a> provided an alternative origin story for the character, and starred <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> as aspiring stand-up comedian Arthur Fleck. Although the film was controversial for its violence and portrayal of mental illness, Phoenix's performance received widespread acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo:_Divisive-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-THR:_GoldenLion-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-THR:_Critics-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joker2019BORecords-247">[247]</a> Like The Dark Knight before it, Joker grossed over $1 billion at the box office, breaking contemporary financial records, and earned <a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Joker_(2019_film)" title="List of accolades received by Joker (2019 film)">numerous awards</a> including an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a> for Phoenix.<a href="#cite_note-DeadlineJokerOscar-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joker2019BORecords-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-Billion-249">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Keoghan" title="Barry Keoghan">Barry Keoghan</a> makes a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearance</a> as the Joker in <a href="/wiki/Matt_Reeves" title="Matt Reeves">Matt Reeves</a>' film <a href="/wiki/The_Batman_(film)" title="The Batman (film)">The Batman</a> (2022), where he is credited as "Unseen Arkham Prisoner".<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> The Joker has also been featured in video games. Hamill returned to voice the character in 2009's critically acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Arkham_Asylum" title="Batman: Arkham Asylum">Batman: Arkham Asylum</a>, its equally praised 2011 sequel <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Arkham_City" title="Batman: Arkham City">Batman: Arkham City</a> and the multiplayer <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_Online" title="DC Universe Online">DC Universe Online</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MediaDCU-251">[251]</a> Hamill was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Troy_Baker" title="Troy Baker">Troy Baker</a> for the 2013 prequel, <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Arkham_Origins" title="Batman: Arkham Origins">Batman: Arkham Origins</a>, and the Arkham series' animated spin-off <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Assault_on_Arkham" title="Batman: Assault on Arkham">Batman: Assault on Arkham</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Media8-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media10-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-Media11-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-AssaultonArkham-254">[254]</a> while Hamill returned for the 2015 series finale, <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Arkham_Knight" title="Batman: Arkham Knight">Batman: Arkham Knight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GameArkKnight-255">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Epcar" title="Richard Epcar">Richard Epcar</a> has voiced the Joker in a series of fighting games including, <a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_vs._DC_Universe" title="Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe">Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe</a> (2008),<a href="#cite_note-MediaMKvsDCU-256">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Injustice:_Gods_Among_Us" title="Injustice: Gods Among Us">Injustice: Gods Among Us</a> (2013),<a href="#cite_note-MediaIGAU-257">[257]</a> its sequel <a href="/wiki/Injustice_2" title="Injustice 2">Injustice 2</a> (2017),<a href="#cite_note-MediaIJ2-258">[258]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_11" title="Mortal Kombat 11">Mortal Kombat 11</a> (2019).<a href="#cite_note-JokerMortalKombat11-259">[259]</a> The character also appeared in <a href="/wiki/Lego_Batman:_The_Videogame" title="Lego Batman: The Videogame">Lego Batman: The Videogame</a> (2008), <a href="/wiki/Lego_Batman_2:_DC_Super_Heroes" title="Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes">Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes</a> (2012) and its <a href="/wiki/Lego_Batman:_The_Movie_%E2%80%93_DC_Super_Heroes_Unite" class="mw-redirect" title="Lego Batman: The Movie – DC Super Heroes Unite">animated adaptation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lego_Batman_3:_Beyond_Gotham" title="Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham">Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham</a> (2014) (the latter three voiced by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Corey_Smith" title="Christopher Corey Smith">Christopher Corey Smith</a>),<a href="#cite_note-MediaLego1-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaLego2-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-MediaLego3-262">[262]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Lego_DC_Super-Villains" title="Lego DC Super-Villains">Lego DC Super-Villains</a> (2018), with the role reprised by Hamill. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ingruber" title="Anthony Ingruber">Anthony Ingruber</a> voices the Joker in <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Telltale_Series" title="Batman: The Telltale Series">Batman: The Telltale Series</a> (2016)<a href="#cite_note-GameTelltale-263">[263]</a> and its sequel <a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Enemy_Within" title="Batman: The Enemy Within">Batman: The Enemy Within</a> (2017).<a href="#cite_note-GameTelltale2-264">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved December 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=The+Joker%3A+The+Nature+of+Batman%27s+Greatest+Foe&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Seb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.us%2Fbooks-comics%2Fthe-joker%2F231615%2Fthe-joker-the-nature-of-batmans-greatest-foe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETollin19752–3-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETollin19752–3_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTollin1975">Tollin 1975</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Creation8-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Creation8_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnders2011" class="citation web cs1">Anders, Charlie Jane (August 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://io9.com/5866373/rip-jerry-robinson-creator-of-batmans-nemesis-the-joker">"R.I.P. Jerry Robinson, Creator of Batman's Nemesis, the Joker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226072000/http://io9.com/5866373/rip-jerry-robinson-creator-of-batmans-nemesis-the-joker">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R.I.P.+Jerry+Robinson%2C+Creator+of+Batman%27s+Nemesis%2C+the+Joker&rft.pub=io9&rft.date=2011-08-12&rft.aulast=Anders&rft.aufirst=Charlie+Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.com%2F5866373%2Frip-jerry-robinson-creator-of-batmans-nemesis-the-joker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creation2-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Creation2_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Creation2_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Creation2_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeifert2013" class="citation web cs1">Seifert, Mark (August 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bleedingcool.com/2013/08/12/he-made-batman-no-one-else-kane-had-nothing-to-do-with-it-bill-did-it-all-carmine-infantino-on-bill-finger/">""He Made Batman, No One Else. Kane Had Nothing To Do With It. Bill Did It All" – Carmine Infantino on Bill Finger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rich_Johnston" title="Rich Johnston">Bleeding Cool</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014074614/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2013/08/12/he-made-batman-no-one-else-kane-had-nothing-to-do-with-it-bill-did-it-all-carmine-infantino-on-bill-finger/">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22He+Made+Batman%2C+No+One+Else.+Kane+Had+Nothing+To+Do+With+It.+Bill+Did+It+All%22+%E2%80%93+Carmine+Infantino+on+Bill+Finger&rft.pub=Bleeding+Cool&rft.date=2013-08-12&rft.aulast=Seifert&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bleedingcool.com%2F2013%2F08%2F12%2Fhe-made-batman-no-one-else-kane-had-nothing-to-do-with-it-bill-did-it-all-carmine-infantino-on-bill-finger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creation101-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Creation101_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denofgeek.com/movies/13468/the-man-who-was-the-joker">"The man who was The Joker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Publishing" title="Dennis Publishing">Den of Geek</a>. July 15, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015084635/http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/13468/the-man-who-was-the-joker">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+man+who+was+The+Joker&rft.pub=Den+of+Geek&rft.date=2008-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdenofgeek.com%2Fmovies%2F13468%2Fthe-man-who-was-the-joker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KaneLovece-11"><a href="#cite_ref-KaneLovece_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovece1994" class="citation web cs1">Lovece, Frank (May 17, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204122050/http://franklovece.com/webexclusives.html">"Web Exclusives – Bob Kane interview"</a>. FrankLovece.com (official site of <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> writer). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://franklovece.com/webexclusives.html">the original</a> on February 4, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+Exclusives+%E2%80%93+Bob+Kane+interview&rft.pub=FrankLovece.com+%28official+site+of+Entertainment+Weekly+writer%29&rft.date=1994-05-17&rft.aulast=Lovece&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffranklovece.com%2Fwebexclusives.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creation102-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Creation102_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/07/21/interview-meet-the-jokers-maker-jerry-robinson/">"Meet the Joker's Maker, Jerry Robinson" (interview)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Ongoing_Adventures_of_Rocket_Llama" title="The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama">The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama</a>. July 21, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015081859/http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/07/21/interview-meet-the-jokers-maker-jerry-robinson/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ongoing+Adventures+of+Rocket+Llama&rft.atitle=Meet+the+Joker%27s+Maker%2C+Jerry+Robinson%22+%28interview%29&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocketllama.com%2Fblog-it%2F2009%2F07%2F21%2Finterview-meet-the-jokers-maker-jerry-robinson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creation103-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Creation103_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/05/interview-the-jokers-maker-tackles-the-man-who-laughs">"The Joker's Maker Tackles The Man Who Laughs" (interview)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Ongoing_Adventures_of_Rocket_Llama" title="The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama">The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama</a>. August 5, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723035747/http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/05/interview-the-jokers-maker-tackles-the-man-who-laughs/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ongoing+Adventures+of+Rocket+Llama&rft.atitle=The+Joker%27s+Maker+Tackles+The+Man+Who+Laughs%22+%28interview%29&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocketllama.com%2Fblog-it%2F2009%2F08%2F05%2Finterview-the-jokers-maker-tackles-the-man-who-laughs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Batmania_14-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Batmania_14_14-0">^</a> Finger in a panel discussion at <a href="/wiki/Academy_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Con">New York Academy Convention</a>, August 14, 1966, transcribed in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanerfeld1967" class="citation journal cs1">Hanerfeld, Mark (February 14, 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comicbookplus.com/?dlid=11970">"Con-Tinued"</a>. Batmania. 1 (14): 8–9. Retrieved August 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Batmania&rft.atitle=Con-Tinued&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=8-9&rft.date=1967-02-14&rft.aulast=Hanerfeld&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomicbookplus.com%2F%3Fdlid%3D11970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> Page 8 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817231436/http://images.furycomics.com/viewer/c3/c3383c064c6f811b7157c83a5fd71119/7.jpg">archived</a> and Page 9 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817231621/http://images.furycomics.com/viewer/c3/c3383c064c6f811b7157c83a5fd71119/8.jpg">archived</a> from the originals on August 17, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-GoldenAge6-15"><a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge6_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustines2010" class="citation news cs1">Gustines, George Gene (October 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/books/05robinson.html">"The Joker in the Deck: Birth of a Supervillain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113033819/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/books/05robinson.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Joker+in+the+Deck%3A+Birth+of+a+Supervillain&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft.aulast=Gustines&rft.aufirst=George+Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F05%2Fbooks%2F05robinson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201121-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning201121_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-GoldenAge1-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge1_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge1_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge1_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge1_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge1_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge1_17-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2008" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Alex (July 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92572470">"The Joker: Torn Between Goof And Evil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408201428/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92572470">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2014. 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New York City: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishing">Macmillan Publishing</a>. pp. 234–250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-538700-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-538700-6"><bdi>0-02-538700-6</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved November 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pictures+of+the+day%3A+9+November+2010&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpicturegalleries%2Fpicturesoftheday%2F8119486%2FPictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html%3Fimage%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoubleGunsDeux-24"><a href="#cite_ref-DoubleGunsDeux_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/8119486/Pictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html?image=16">"Rare Superman, Batman covers heading for auction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post Group. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. November 9, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101112025929/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/8119486/Pictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html?image=16">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Rare+Superman%2C+Batman+covers+heading+for+auction&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpicturegalleries%2Fpicturesoftheday%2F8119486%2FPictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html%3Fimage%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SilverAge1-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SilverAge1_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SilverAge1_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SilverAge1_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SilverAge1_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SilverAge1_25-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cracked.com/funny-5775-the-origins-of21-joker/">"The Origins Of! The Joker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cracked_(magazine)" title="Cracked (magazine)">Cracked</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014180159/http://www.cracked.com/funny-5775-the-origins-of21-joker/">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cracked&rft.atitle=The+Origins+Of%21+The+Joker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cracked.com%2Ffunny-5775-the-origins-of21-joker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011171-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011171_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-GoldenAge5-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge5_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GoldenAge5_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacek_III2013" class="citation web cs1">Macek III, J.C. (February 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popmatters.com/post/168727-spotlight-on-the-dark-knight-the-smile-on-the-bat/">"Spotlight on The Dark Knight: 'The Smile on the Bat'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PopMatters" title="PopMatters">PopMatters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021191014/http://www.popmatters.com/post/168727-spotlight-on-the-dark-knight-the-smile-on-the-bat/">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PopMatters&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+The+Dark+Knight%3A+%27The+Smile+on+the+Bat%27&rft.date=2013-02-26&rft.aulast=Macek+III&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopmatters.com%2Fpost%2F168727-spotlight-on-the-dark-knight-the-smile-on-the-bat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011173-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011173_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 173. <q>Because the surge in public visibility hadn't helped stop Batman's comic book slide, editorial director Carmine Infantino vowed to turn things around ... and moved even further away from schoolboy-friendly adventures.</q> </li> <li id="cite_note-Personality2-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Personality2_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Personality2_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2011" class="citation web cs1">Parker, John (November 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020122546/http://comicsalliance.com/joker-history-batman/">"The Evolution of the Joker: Still Crazy After All These Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ComicsAlliance" title="ComicsAlliance">ComicsAlliance</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comicsalliance.com/joker-history-batman/">the original</a> on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+the+Joker%3A+Still+Crazy+After+All+These+Years&rft.pub=ComicsAlliance&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomicsalliance.com%2Fjoker-history-batman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JokerGadgets-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JokerGadgets_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JokerGadgets_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2014" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (March 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2014/03/15/when-we-first-met-jokers-deadly-bag-of-tricks/">"When We First Met – Joker's Deadly Bag of Tricks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208034517/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2014/03/15/when-we-first-met-jokers-deadly-bag-of-tricks/">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=When+We+First+Met+%E2%80%93+Joker%27s+Deadly+Bag+of+Tricks&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoodcomics.comicbookresources.com%2F2014%2F03%2F15%2Fwhen-we-first-met-jokers-deadly-bag-of-tricks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ImpactCBR2-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ImpactCBR2_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImpactCBR2_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImpactCBR2_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImpactCBR2_31-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImpactCBR2_31-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImpactCBR2_31-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImpactCBR2_31-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEason2008" class="citation web cs1">Eason, Brian K. (July 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=17255">"Dark Knight Flashback: The Joker, Part II"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110909195632/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=17255">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=Dark+Knight+Flashback%3A+The+Joker%2C+Part+II&rft.date=2008-07-16&rft.aulast=Eason&rft.aufirst=Brian+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comicbookresources.com%2F%3Fpage%3Darticle%26id%3D17255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BronzeAge6-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge6_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge6_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge6_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge6_32-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge6_32-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2008" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Daniel (January 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ign.com/articles/2008/02/01/rogues-gallery-the-joker?page=2">"Rogue's Gallery: The Joker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064206/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/01/rogues-gallery-the-joker?page=2">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2013. <q>[T]he Joker decides to brand every fish product in Gotham with his trademark grin, going so far as to blackmail and murder copyright officials until he's compensated for his hideous innovation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Rogue%27s+Gallery%3A+The+Joker&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2008-01-18&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fign.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F02%2F01%2Frogues-gallery-the-joker%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BronzeAge10-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge10_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge10_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick2008" class="citation web cs1">Patrick, Seb (July 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11301/10-essential-joker-stories">"10 Essential Joker Stories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Den_of_Geek" title="Den of Geek">Den of Geek</a>. London, England: Dennis Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014175129/http://www.denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11301/10-essential-joker-stories">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=10+Essential+Joker+Stories&rft.date=2008-07-15&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Seb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdenofgeek.com%2Fbooks-comics%2Fbatman%2F11301%2F10-essential-joker-stories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BronzeAge8-34"><a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge8_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearsonUricchio1991" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Roberta E.; Uricchio, William (1991). "Notes from the Batcave: An Interview with Dennis O'Neil.". The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media. Abingdon, England: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85170-276-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85170-276-6"><bdi>978-0-85170-276-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Notes+from+the+Batcave%3A+An+Interview+with+Dennis+O%27Neil.&rft.btitle=The+Many+Lives+of+the+Batman%3A+Critical+Approaches+to+a+Superhero+and+His+Media&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-85170-276-6&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Roberta+E.&rft.au=Uricchio%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BronzeAge20-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge20_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge20_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge20_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge20_35-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019084439/http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/09/joker-steve-englehart-the-laughing-fish/">"Joker Panel Interview: Steve Englehart on The Laughing Fish"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Ongoing_Adventures_of_Rocket_Llama" title="The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama">The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama</a>. August 9, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/09/joker-steve-englehart-the-laughing-fish/">the original</a> on October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joker+Panel+Interview%3A+Steve+Englehart+on+The+Laughing+Fish&rft.pub=The+Ongoing+Adventures+of+Rocket+Llama&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocketllama.com%2Fblog-it%2F2009%2F08%2F09%2Fjoker-steve-englehart-the-laughing-fish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BronzeAge9-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge9_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge9_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge9_36-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2008" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Daniel (December 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.ign.com/articles/2008/12/08/why-so-serious-the-many-looks-of-joker?page=2">"Why So Serious?: The Many Looks of Joker (Page 2)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. Los Angeles, California: <a href="/wiki/J2_Global" title="J2 Global">j2 Global</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011125815/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/08/why-so-serious-the-many-looks-of-joker?page=2">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Why+So+Serious%3F%3A+The+Many+Looks+of+Joker+%28Page+2%29&rft.date=2008-12-08&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F12%2F08%2Fwhy-so-serious-the-many-looks-of-joker%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011176-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011176_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-1975JokerComic-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1975JokerComic_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1975JokerComic_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims2013" class="citation web cs1">Sims, Chris (September 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014125131/http://comicsalliance.com/bizarro-back-issues-the-jokers-solo-series-1975/">"Bizarro Back Issues: The Joker's Solo Series (1975)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ComicsAlliance" title="ComicsAlliance">ComicsAlliance</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comicsalliance.com/bizarro-back-issues-the-jokers-solo-series-1975/">the original</a> on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bizarro+Back+Issues%3A+The+Joker%27s+Solo+Series+%281975%29&rft.pub=ComicsAlliance&rft.date=2013-09-12&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomicsalliance.com%2Fbizarro-back-issues-the-jokers-solo-series-1975%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011177-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011177_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011177_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011177_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011177_39-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan_Smith2013380-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan_Smith2013380_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuncan_Smith2013">Duncan Smith 2013</a>, p. 380. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015XVI-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinerPeaslee2015XVI_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeinerPeaslee2015">Weiner & Peaslee 2015</a>, p. XVI. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bio101-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bio101_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bio101_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderson2005" class="citation web cs1">Sanderson, Peter (May 13, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/05/13/comics-in-context-84-dark-definitive?page=6">"Comics in Context #84: Dark Definitive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. Los Angeles, California: <a href="/wiki/J2_Global" title="J2 Global">j2 Global</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422182803/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/13/comics-in-context-84-dark-definitive?page=6">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Comics+in+Context+%2384%3A+Dark+Definitive&rft.date=2005-05-13&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2005%2F05%2F13%2Fcomics-in-context-84-dark-definitive%3Fpage%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BronzeAge7-43"><a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge7_43-0">^</a> Greenberger and Manning, p. 163: "In this fondly remembered tale that was later adapted into an episode of the 1990s cartoon Batman: The Animated Series, the Joker poisoned the harbors of Gotham so that the fish would all bear his signature grin, a look the Joker then tried to trademark in order to collect royalties." </li> <li id="cite_note-BronzeAge4-44"><a href="#cite_ref-BronzeAge4_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411230610/http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=5&id=40748">"Batman Artist Rogers is Dead"</a>. Sci Fi. March 28, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=5&id=40748">the original</a> on April 11, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2008. <q>Even though their Batman run was only six issues, the three laid the foundation for later Batman comics. Their stories include the classic 'Laughing Fish' (in which the Joker's face appeared on fish); they were adapted for Batman: The Animated Series in the 1990s. Earlier drafts of the 1989 Batman film with Michael Keaton as the Dark Knight were based heavily on their work</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batman+Artist+Rogers+is+Dead&rft.pub=Sci+Fi&rft.date=2007-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scifi.com%2Fscifiwire%2Findex.php%3Fcategory%3D5%26id%3D40748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011182-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011182_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 183 <q>DC birthed the Dark Age with the twelve-part Crisis on Infinite Earths. Not only did the series kill off Silver Age icons the Flash and Supergirl, it cleared out decades of continuity bramble...</q> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge2-47"><a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge2_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrike2008" class="citation news cs1">Strike, Joe (July 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/frank-miller-dark-knight-brought-batman-back-life-article-1.351685">"Frank Miller's 'Dark Knight' brought Batman back to life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621141719/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/frank-miller-dark-knight-brought-batman-back-life-article-1.351685">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Frank+Miller%27s+%27Dark+Knight%27+brought+Batman+back+to+life&rft.date=2008-07-15&rft.aulast=Strike&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftv-movies%2Ffrank-miller-dark-knight-brought-batman-back-life-article-1.351685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011183-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011183_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge4-49"><a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge4_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2012" class="citation web cs1">Esposito, Joey (July 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/07/09/scott-snyder-talks-about-the-jokers-brutal-return">"Scott Snyder Talks About the Joker's Brutal Return"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514212106/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/07/09/scott-snyder-talks-about-the-jokers-brutal-return">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Scott+Snyder+Talks+About+the+Joker%27s+Brutal+Return&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F07%2F09%2Fscott-snyder-talks-about-the-jokers-brutal-return&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge5-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge5_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge5_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2005" class="citation web cs1">Goldstein, Hilary (June 9, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/06/09/batman-a-death-in-the-family-review">"Batman: A Death in the Family Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514212904/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/06/09/batman-a-death-in-the-family-review">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Batman%3A+A+Death+in+the+Family+Review&rft.date=2005-06-09&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2005%2F06%2F09%2Fbatman-a-death-in-the-family-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011108-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011108_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-InfoDoG1-52"><a href="#cite_ref-InfoDoG1_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick2008" class="citation web cs1">Patrick, Seb (November 24, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11325/batman-a-death-in-the-family">"Batman: A Death In The Family"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Publishing" title="Dennis Publishing">Den of Geek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223235903/http://www.denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11325/batman-a-death-in-the-family">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batman%3A+A+Death+In+The+Family&rft.pub=Den+of+Geek&rft.date=2008-11-24&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Seb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdenofgeek.com%2Fbooks-comics%2Fbatman%2F11325%2Fbatman-a-death-in-the-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Greenberger and Manning, p. 38: "Offering keen insight into both the minds of the Joker and Batman, this special is considered by most Batman fans to be the definitive Joker story of all time." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2011188-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011188_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011188_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011188_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning2011188_54-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFManning2011">Manning 2011</a>, p. 188. </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge10-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge10_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge10_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick2008" class="citation web cs1">Patrick, Seb (April 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denofgeek.com/books-comics/5774/batman-the-killing-joke-deluxe-edition-review">"Batman: The Killing Joke Deluxe Edition review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Publishing" title="Dennis Publishing">Den of Geek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014173655/http://www.denofgeek.com/books-comics/5774/batman-the-killing-joke-deluxe-edition-review">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=Batman%3A+The+Killing+Joke+Deluxe+Edition+review&rft.date=2008-04-28&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Seb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdenofgeek.com%2Fbooks-comics%2F5774%2Fbatman-the-killing-joke-deluxe-edition-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge11-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge11_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge11_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge11_56-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2005" class="citation web cs1">Goldstein, Hilary (May 24, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-the-killing-joke-review">"Batman: The Killing Joke Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514213044/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-the-killing-joke-review">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Batman%3A+The+Killing+Joke+Review&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2005%2F05%2F25%2Fbatman-the-killing-joke-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAgeCBR-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAgeCBR_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernAgeCBR_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2015" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (August 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2015/08/01/75-greatest-joker-stories-5-1/2/">"75 Greatest Joker Stories: #5-1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150814213858/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2015/08/01/75-greatest-joker-stories-5-1/2/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=75+Greatest+Joker+Stories%3A+%235-1&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoodcomics.comicbookresources.com%2F2015%2F08%2F01%2F75-greatest-joker-stories-5-1%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge12-58"><a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge12_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerafino2011" class="citation web cs1">Serafino, Jason (August 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/08/the-25-best-dc-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth">"The 25 Best DC Comics of All Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Complex_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex (magazine)">Complex</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230155129/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/08/the-25-best-dc-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Complex&rft.atitle=The+25+Best+DC+Comics+of+All+Time&rft.date=2011-08-22&rft.aulast=Serafino&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.complex.com%2Fpop-culture%2F2011%2F08%2Fthe-25-best-dc-comics-of-all-time%2Farkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge13-59"><a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge13_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerafino2012" class="citation web cs1">Serafino, Jason (July 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2012/07/the-25-best-batman-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth">"The 25 Best DC Comics of All Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Complex_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex (magazine)">Complex</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130107013610/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2012/07/the-25-best-batman-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Complex&rft.atitle=The+25+Best+DC+Comics+of+All+Time&rft.date=2012-07-17&rft.aulast=Serafino&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.complex.com%2Fpop-culture%2F2012%2F07%2Fthe-25-best-batman-comics-of-all-time%2Farkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernAge15-60"><a href="#cite_ref-ModernAge15_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2005" class="citation web cs1">Goldstein, Hilary (May 24, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-harley-quinn-review">"Batman: Harley Quinn Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514213225/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-harley-quinn-review">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Batman%3A+Harley+Quinn+Review&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2005%2F05%2F25%2Fbatman-harley-quinn-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anarky-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Anarky_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest2007" class="citation web cs1">Best, Daniel (January 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohdannyboy.blogspot.com/search/label/breyfogle.html">"Batman: Alan Grant & Norm Breyfogle Speak Out"</a>. 20th Century Danny Boy. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Web_Archive" title="Australian Web Archive">Australian Web Archive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20091021134100/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/108742/20091022-0041/ohdannyboy.blogspot.com/search/label/breyfogle.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2009. 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February 23, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116194948/http://www.today.com/id/29332714">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=%27Slumdog+Millionaire%27+fulfills+its+Oscar+destiny&rft.date=2009-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fid%2F29332714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MediaTBatB-236"><a href="#cite_ref-MediaTBatB_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Jacques" class="citation web cs1">Jean-Jacques, Kethlene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/jeff-bennett-the-joker/">"Jeff Bennett: Joker Through the Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Celebuzz" title="Celebuzz">Celebuzz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020144606/http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/jeff-bennett-the-joker/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2013. 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Retrieved October 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=Under+the+Red+Hood+cuts+through+Batman%27s+baggage+to+reveal+the+dark+side+of+his+legacy&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.com%2F5601910%2Fbatman-under-the-red-hood-tosses-the-comics-baggage-to-reveal-the-dark-side-of-the-bat%2Blegacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gotham1-240"><a href="#cite_ref-Gotham1_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatten2019" class="citation news cs1">Patten, Dominic (April 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2019/04/gotham-spoilers-series-finale-batman-interview-danny-cannon-john-stephens-fox-dc-comics-1202602146/">"'Gotham' EPs On Tonight's "Bittersweet" Series Finale, Potential Of More Batman & Their Pride In The Show"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426144127/https://deadline.com/2019/04/gotham-spoilers-series-finale-batman-interview-danny-cannon-john-stephens-fox-dc-comics-1202602146/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2019. 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Retrieved December 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27Suicide+Squad%27+Cast+Revealed%3A+Jared+Leto+to+Play+the+Joker%2C+Will+Smith+is+Deadshot&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft.aulast=Kroll&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2014%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fsuicide-squad-cast-revealed-jared-leto-to-play-the-joker-will-smith-is-deadshot-1201368867%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKit2020" class="citation web cs1">Kit, Borys (October 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jared-leto-to-play-joker-in-zack-snyders-justice-league-exclusive">"Jared Leto to Play Joker in Zack Snyder's 'Justice League' (Exclusive)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021204357/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jared-leto-to-play-joker-in-zack-snyders-justice-league-exclusive">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2020. 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Retrieved June 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27The+Lego+Batman+Movie%27%3A+Meet+the+Voices+Behind+Each+Animated+Character&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Lexy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhollywoodreporter.com%2Flists%2Flego-batman-movie-cast-meet-voices-behind-animated-character-971026%2Fitem%2Flego-batman-movie-zach-galifianakis-joker-971034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo:_Divisive-244"><a href="#cite_ref-WaPo:_Divisive_244-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavna2019" class="citation news cs1">Cavna, Michael (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/10/03/why-joker-became-one-most-divisive-movies-year/">"Why 'Joker' became one of the most divisive movies of the year"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 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Retrieved December 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=Mark+Hamill+returns+as+Joker+in+%27DC+Universe+Online%27&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft.aulast=Armitage&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.co.uk%2Fgaming%2Fnews%2Fa382293%2Fmark-hamill-returns-as-joker-in-dc-universe-online.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Media10-252"><a href="#cite_ref-Media10_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeane2013" class="citation news cs1">Keane, Sean (October 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/electrocutioner-takes-dark-knight-batman-arkham-origins-article-1.1485779">"New York Comic Con 2013: The Electrocutioner takes on the Dark Knight in 'Batman: Arkham Origins'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a>. 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Hardcore Gamer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150312222342/http://www.hardcoregamer.com/2014/07/28/cast-featured-in-new-lego-batman-3-beyond-gotham-trailer/96224/">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cast+Featured+in+New+LEGO+Batman+3%3A+Beyond+Gotham+Trailer&rft.pub=Hardcore+Gamer&rft.date=2014-07-28&rft.aulast=Hannley&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardcoregamer.com%2F2014%2F07%2F28%2Fcast-featured-in-new-lego-batman-3-beyond-gotham-trailer%2F96224%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GameTelltale-263"><a href="#cite_ref-GameTelltale_263-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarcisse2016" class="citation web cs1">Narcisse, Evan (November 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/a-very-familiar-smile-will-be-showing-up-next-week-in-t-1789095982">"A Very Familiar Smile Will Be Showing Up Next Week in the Telltale Batman Video Game"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20161209212336/http://io9.gizmodo.com/a-very-familiar-smile-will-be-showing-up-next-week-in-t-1789095982">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Very+Familiar+Smile+Will+Be+Showing+Up+Next+Week+in+the+Telltale+Batman+Video+Game&rft.pub=io9&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft.aulast=Narcisse&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fa-very-familiar-smile-will-be-showing-up-next-week-in-t-1789095982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GameTelltale2-264"><a href="#cite_ref-GameTelltale2_264-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Romano, Nick (August 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/gaming/2017/08/03/batman-enemy-within-trailer-telltale/">"Riddler returns, Joker takes a selfie in Telltale's Batman: The Enemy Within trailer"</a>. Entertainment Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170821230145/http://ew.com/gaming/2017/08/03/batman-enemy-within-trailer-telltale/">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Riddler+returns%2C+Joker+takes+a+selfie+in+Telltale%27s+Batman%3A+The+Enemy+Within+trailer&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fgaming%2F2017%2F08%2F03%2Fbatman-enemy-within-trailer-telltale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan_Smith2013" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (2013). Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman, Volume 1. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39923-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39923-7"><bdi>978-0-313-39923-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+American+Comic+Book%3A+From+Captain+America+to+Wonder+Woman%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39923-7&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.au=Smith%2C+Matthew+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangley2012" class="citation book cs1">Langley, Travis (2012). Batman and Psychology: A Dark and Stormy Knight. New York City: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-16765-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-16765-6"><bdi>978-1-118-16765-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman+and+Psychology%3A+A+Dark+and+Stormy+Knight&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-118-16765-6&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=Travis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManning2011" class="citation book cs1">Manning, Matthew K. (2011). The Joker: A Visual History of the Clown Prince of Crime. Bloomington, Indiana: <a href="/wiki/Universe_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Universe Publishing">Universe Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7893-2247-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7893-2247-0"><bdi>978-0-7893-2247-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Joker%3A+A+Visual+History+of+the+Clown+Prince+of+Crime&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Universe+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7893-2247-0&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=Matthew+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTollin1975" class="citation journal cs1">Tollin, Anthony (January–February 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cacb.wordpress.com/2009/02/08/profile-on-jerry-robinson-creator-of-the-joker/">"Profile on Jerry Robinson - Creator of The Joker"</a>. Amazing World of DC Comics. 2 (#4). New York City: <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814213253/http://cacb.wordpress.com/2009/02/08/profile-on-jerry-robinson-creator-of-the-joker/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2014. <q>I felt that Batman needed a supreme arch-villain to test him ...Batman didn't need another crime lord like <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a>. I felt he needed something more exotic: something that would fit in with the mysterious mood of Batman ...The strip needed an antagonist that would be more enduring; a continuing conflict in the literary tradition of <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Holmes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Moriarty</a> or <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amazing+World+of+DC+Comics&rft.atitle=Profile+on+Jerry+Robinson+-+Creator+of+The+Joker&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=%234&rft.date=1975-01%2F1975-02&rft.aulast=Tollin&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcacb.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F02%2F08%2Fprofile-on-jerry-robinson-creator-of-the-joker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinerPeaslee2015" class="citation book cs1">Weiner, Robert G.; Peaslee, Robert Moses (2015). The Joker: A Serious Study of the Clown Prince of Crime. Jackson, Mississippi: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62846-238-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62846-238-8"><bdi>978-1-62846-238-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Joker%3A+A+Serious+Study+of+the+Clown+Prince+of+Crime&rft.place=Jackson%2C+Mississippi&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-62846-238-8&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft.au=Peaslee%2C+Robert+Moses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoker+%28character%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dc.com/characters/the-joker">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217533#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://community.fandom.com/wiki/w:c:dc:Joker">Joker</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://community.fandom.com/wiki/w:c:dc">DC Database</a>, a <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Joker (character) at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joker_(comics)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Joker (comics)">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Joker" class="extiw" title="q:The Joker">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Joker" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Joker" title="Template:The Joker"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Joker" title="Template talk:The Joker"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Joker" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Joker"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Joker" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Joker</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bane_(DC_Comics)" title="Bane (DC Comics)">Bane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_(character)" title="Cheetah (character)">Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayface" title="Clayface">Clayface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadshot" title="Deadshot">Deadshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathstroke" title="Deathstroke">Deathstroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duela_Dent" title="Duela Dent">Duela Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(DC_Comics)" title="Firefly (DC Comics)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Strange" title="Hugo Strange">Hugo Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hush_(character)" title="Hush (character)">Hush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Croc" title="Killer Croc">Killer Croc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Doom" title="Legion of Doom">Legion of Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Luthor" title="Lex Luthor">Lex Luthor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Hatter_(DC_Comics)" title="Mad Hatter (DC Comics)">Mad Hatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Bat" title="Man-Bat">Man-Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Freeze" title="Mr. Freeze">Mr. Freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punchline_(character)" title="Punchline (character)">Punchline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul" title="Ra's al Ghul">Ra's al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Zsasz" title="Victor Zsasz">Victor Zsasz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwoman" title="Batwoman">Batwoman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Kane" title="Kate Kane">Kate Kane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">Commissioner Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_City_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotham City Police Department">Gotham City Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Strange" title="Hugo Strange">Hugo Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(DC_Comics)" title="Huntress (DC Comics)">Huntress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Bertinelli)" title="Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)">Helena Bertinelli)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightwing" title="Nightwing">Nightwing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hood">Red Hood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Todd" title="Jason Todd">Jason Todd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Robin_(identity)" title="Red Robin (identity)">Red Robin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Drake" title="Tim Drake">Tim Drake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Wayne" title="Damian Wayne">Damian Wayne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_Who_Laughs" title="The Batman Who Laughs">The Batman Who Laughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications and stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(comic_book)" title="The Joker (comic book)">The Joker</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Joker%27s_Double_Jeopardy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Joker's Double Jeopardy">The Joker's Double Jeopardy</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke" title="Batman: The Killing Joke">Batman: The Killing Joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joker:_Devil%27s_Advocate" title="The Joker: Devil's Advocate">Devil's Advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Man_Who_Laughs" title="Batman: The Man Who Laughs">Batman: The Man Who Laughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Further_Adventures_of_The_Joker" title="The Further Adventures of The Joker">The Further Adventures of The Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(graphic_novel)" title="Joker (graphic novel)">Joker (graphic novel)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Joker%27s_Millions" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker's Millions">The Joker's Millions</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Laugh_(comics)" title="Last Laugh (comics)">Last Laugh</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_Behind_the_Red_Hood!" title="The Man Behind the Red Hood!">The Man Behind the Red Hood!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Joker" title="The Return of the Joker">The Return of the Joker</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Three_Jokers" title="Batman: Three Jokers">Batman: Three Jokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker War">Joker War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Joker" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative versions of Joker">Alternative versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hood">Red Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_Who_Laughs" title="The Batman Who Laughs">The Batman Who Laughs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joker_in_other_media" title="Joker in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incarnations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">Jack Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(DC_Animated_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker (DC Animated Universe)">Joker (DC Animated Universe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(The_Dark_Knight)" title="Joker (The Dark Knight)">Joker (The Dark Knight)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_and_Jeremiah_Valeska" title="Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska">Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(DC_Extended_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker (DC Extended Universe)">Joker (DC Extended Universe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fleck" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Fleck">Arthur Fleck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Joker_(2019_film)" title="List of accolades received by Joker (2019 film)">accolades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker:_Folie_%C3%A0_Deux" title="Joker: Folie à Deux">Joker: Folie à Deux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Beyond:_Return_of_the_Joker" title="Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker">Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Beyond:_Return_of_the_Joker_(video_game)" title="Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Killing_Joke_(film)" title="Batman: The Killing Joke (film)">Batman: The Killing Joke</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Joker%27s_Hard_Times" title="The Joker's Hard Times">The Joker's Hard Times</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Joker_Is_Wild_(Batman)" title="The Joker Is Wild (Batman)">The Joker Is Wild</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Joker_Goes_to_School" title="The Joker Goes to School">The Joker Goes to School</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Return_of_the_Joker" title="Batman: Return of the Joker">Batman: Return of the Joker</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Joker%27s_Favor" title="Joker's Favor">Joker's Favor</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_with_the_Joker" title="Christmas with the Joker">Christmas with the Joker</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_11" title="Mortal Kombat 11">Mortal Kombat 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_and_The_Joker:_Sound_Mind" title="Harley Quinn and The Joker: Sound Mind">Harley Quinn and The Joker: Sound Mind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Joker%27s_Jinx" title="The Joker's Jinx">The Joker's Jinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(S%26S_Worldwide)" title="The Joker (S&S Worldwide)">The Joker (S&S Worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(Six_Flags_Discovery_Kingdom)" title="The Joker (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)">The Joker (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joker_Funhouse_Coaster" title="The Joker Funhouse Coaster">The Joker Funhouse Coaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joker_(Six_Flags_M%C3%A9xico)" title="The Joker (Six Flags México)">The Joker (Six Flags México)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ace Chemicals">Ace Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkham_Asylum" title="Arkham Asylum">Arkham Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">Barack Obama "Joker" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackgate_Penitentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackgate Penitentiary">Blackgate Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Joker" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Joker">Georgia Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokermobile" title="Jokermobile">Jokermobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Stairs" title="Joker Stairs">Joker Stairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokerz" class="mw-redirect" title="Jokerz">Jokerz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Joker" title="The People's Joker">The People's Joker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Joker_(character)" title="Category:Joker (character)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Batman_characters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Batman_characters" title="Template:Batman characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Batman_characters" title="Template talk:Batman characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Batman_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Batman characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Batman_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a> characters</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman family">Batman family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By codename</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwoman" title="Batwoman">Batwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(DC_Comics)" title="Huntress (DC Comics)">Huntress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightwing" title="Nightwing">Nightwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamebird" title="Flamebird">Flamebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Robin_(identity)" title="Red Robin (identity)">Red Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hood">Red Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwing_(DC_Comics)" title="Batwing (DC Comics)">Batwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael_(DC_Comics)" title="Azrael (DC Comics)">Azrael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By public identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwoman_(Kathy_Kane)" title="Batwoman (Kathy Kane)">Kathy Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Kane" title="Bette Kane">Bette Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Todd" title="Jason Todd">Jason Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Bertinelli)" title="Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)">Helena Bertinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Drake" title="Tim Drake">Tim Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Brown_(character)" title="Stephanie Brown (character)">Stephanie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Cain" title="Cassandra Cain">Cassandra Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Kane" title="Kate Kane">Kate Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Wayne" title="Damian Wayne">Damian Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Row" title="Harper Row">Harper Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Thomas_(character)" title="Duke Thomas (character)">Duke Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(Jace_Fox)" title="Batman (Jace Fox)">Jace Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwing_(DC_Comics)" title="Batwing (DC Comics)">Luke Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lane_(character)" title="Michael Lane (character)">Michael Washington Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Valley" title="Jean-Paul Valley">Jean-Paul Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_the_Bat-Hound" title="Ace the Bat-Hound">Ace the Bat-Hound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_supporting_characters" title="List of Batman supporting characters">Supporting characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main supporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">Jim Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Madison" title="Julie Madison">Julie Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Robinson_(character)" title="Holly Robinson (character)">Holly Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fox" title="Lucius Fox">Lucius Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Wayne" title="Martha Wayne">Martha Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wayne" title="Thomas Wayne">Thomas Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Vale" title="Vicki Vale">Vicki Vale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gotham City Police Department contacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">Jim Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Bullock_(character)" title="Harvey Bullock (character)">Harvey Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Essen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Essen">Sarah Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Sawyer" title="Maggie Sawyer">Maggie Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renee_Montoya" title="Renee Montoya">Renee Montoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Allen" title="Crispus Allen">Crispus Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Bard" title="Jason Bard">Jason Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slam_Bradley" title="Slam Bradley">Slam Bradley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superhero allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(DC_Comics_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash (DC Comics character)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(Barry_Allen)" title="Flash (Barry Allen)">Barry Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_West" title="Wally West">Wally West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern" title="Green Lantern">Green Lantern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Jordan" title="Hal Jordan">Hal Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_(character)" title="John Stewart (character)">John Stewart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman" title="Aquaman">Aquaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canary" title="Black Canary">Black Canary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_(DC_Comics)" title="Cyborg (DC Comics)">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadman_(character)" title="Deadman (character)">Deadman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Etrigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Arrow" title="Green Arrow">Green Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkgirl" title="Hawkgirl">Hawkgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkman" title="Hawkman">Hawkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constantine" title="John Constantine">John Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Manhunter" title="Martian Manhunter">Martian Manhunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorpho" title="Metamorpho">Metamorpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightrunner_(character)" title="Nightrunner (character)">Nightrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Man" title="Plastic Man">Plastic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_(character)" title="Question (character)">Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorschach_(Reggie_Long)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorschach (Reggie Long)">Rorschach (Reggie Long)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(DC_Comics_character)" title="Spectre (DC Comics character)">Spectre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(comics)" title="Vixen (comics)">Vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatanna" title="Zatanna">Zatanna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superhero groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_Incorporated" title="Batman Incorporated">Batman Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batmen_of_All_Nations" title="Batmen of All Nations">Batmen of All Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(team)" title="Birds of Prey (team)">Birds of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Society_of_America" title="Justice Society of America">Justice Society of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsiders_(comics)" title="Outsiders (comics)">Outsiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Finest_Team" title="World's Finest Team">World's Finest Team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-Mite" title="Bat-Mite">Bat-Mite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Tiger" title="Bronze Tiger">Bronze Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creeper_(DC_Comics)" title="Creeper (DC Comics)">Creeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duela_Dent" title="Duela Dent">Duela Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilda_Dent" title="Gilda Dent">Gilda Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(DC_Comics)" title="Knight (DC Comics)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legs_(character)" title="Legs (character)">Legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Thompkins" title="Leslie Thompkins">Leslie Thompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misfit_(DC_Comics)" title="Misfit (DC Comics)">Misfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Panic" title="Mother Panic">Mother Panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Fries" title="Nora Fries">Nora Fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_(DC_Comics)" title="Orpheus (DC Comics)">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragman_(character)" title="Ragman (character)">Ragman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Bordeaux" title="Sasha Bordeaux">Sasha Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_St._Cloud" title="Silver St. Cloud">Silver St. Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dark" title="Simon Dark">Simon Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squire_(character)" title="Squire (character)">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_October" title="Victoria October">Victoria October</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_family_enemies" title="List of Batman family enemies">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central rogues gallery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bane_(DC_Comics)" title="Bane (DC Comics)">Bane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mask_(character)" title="Black Mask (character)">Black Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayface" title="Clayface">Clayface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadshot" title="Deadshot">Deadshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathstroke" title="Deathstroke">Deathstroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(DC_Comics)" title="Firefly (DC Comics)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Strange" title="Hugo Strange">Hugo Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hush_(character)" title="Hush (character)">Hush</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Croc" title="Killer Croc">Killer Croc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Moth" title="Killer Moth">Killer Moth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Hatter_(DC_Comics)" title="Mad Hatter (DC Comics)">Mad Hatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Bat" title="Man-Bat">Man-Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Freeze" title="Mr. Freeze">Mr. Freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul" title="Ra's al Ghul">Ra's al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquist_(character)" title="Ventriloquist (character)">Ventriloquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Zsasz" title="Victor Zsasz">Victor Zsasz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Assassins" title="League of Assassins">League of Assassins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul" title="Ra's al Ghul">Ra's al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talia_al_Ghul" title="Talia al Ghul">Talia al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyssa_Raatko" title="Nyssa Raatko">Nyssa al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensei_(DC_Comics)" title="Sensei (DC Comics)">Sensei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shiva" title="Lady Shiva">Lady Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cain_(character)" title="David Cain (character)">David Cain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobsters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Chill" title="Joe Chill">Joe Chill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Moxon" title="Lew Moxon">Lew Moxon</a></li> <li>Falcone family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Falcone" title="Carmine Falcone">Carmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Falcone" title="Alberto Falcone">Alberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Falcone_(DC_Comics)" title="Mario Falcone (DC Comics)">Mario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Falcone_Gigante" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofia Falcone Gigante">Sofia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Maroni" title="Sal Maroni">Sal Maroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_(DC_Comics)" title="Squid (DC Comics)">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Thorne" title="Rupert Thorne">Rupert Thorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Whale" title="Tobias Whale">Tobias Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Witts" title="Johnny Witts">Johnny Witts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Zucco" title="Tony Zucco">Tony Zucco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Hill_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Hill (comics)">Hamilton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_B._Loeb" title="Gillian B. Loeb">Gillian B. Loeb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amygdala_(character)" title="Amygdala (character)">Amygdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarky" title="Anarky">Anarky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Spider" title="Black Spider">Black Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(DC_Comics)" title="Blockbuster (DC Comics)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(character)" title="Calculator (character)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_Man" title="Calendar Man">Calendar Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catman_(DC_Comics)" title="Catman (DC Comics)">Catman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(character)" title="Cavalier (character)">Cavalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_King" title="Clock King">Clock King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluemaster" title="Cluemaster">Cluemaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(DC_Comics)" title="Copperhead (DC Comics)">Copperhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Stirk" title="Cornelius Stirk">Cornelius Stirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Quilt" title="Crazy Quilt">Crazy Quilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Doctor_(comics)" title="Crime Doctor (comics)">Crime Doctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon_Blackfire" title="Deacon Blackfire">Deacon Blackfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Death_(character)" title="Doctor Death (character)">Doctor Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Double_X" title="Doctor Double X">Doctor Double X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Phosphorus" title="Doctor Phosphorus">Doctor Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollmaker_(character)" title="Dollmaker (character)">Dollmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrocutioner" title="Electrocutioner">Electrocutioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigma_(DC_Comics)" title="Enigma (DC Comics)">Enigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebug_(comics)" title="Firebug (comics)">Firebug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamingo_(comics)" title="Flamingo (comics)">Flamingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gearhead_(DC_Comics)" title="Gearhead (DC Comics)">Gearhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_White_Shark_(character)" title="Great White Shark (character)">Great White Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpty_Dumpty_(comics)" title="Humpty Dumpty (comics)">Humpty Dumpty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Doe_(character)" title="Jane Doe (character)">Jane Doe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_(character)" title="Key (character)">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGBeast" title="KGBeast">KGBeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Snake" title="King Snake">King Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_Man" title="Kite Man">Kite Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Luthor" title="Lex Luthor">Lex Luthor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxie_Zeus" title="Maxie Zeus">Maxie Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magpie_(character)" title="Magpie (character)">Magpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_Man_(character)" title="Mirror Man (character)">Mirror Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Bloom" title="Mr. Bloom">Mr. Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Meister" title="Music Meister">Music Meister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightslayer" title="Nightslayer">Night-Slayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturna_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturna (DC Comics)">Nocturna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orca_(DC_Comics)" title="Orca (DC Comics)">Orca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_(comics)" title="Outsider (comics)">Outsider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owlman_(character)" title="Owlman (character)">Owlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Beaumont" title="Andrea Beaumont">Phantasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_Rex" title="Phosphorus Rex">Phosphorus Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_Master" title="Planet Master">Planet Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka-Dot_Man" title="Polka-Dot Man">Polka-Dot Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Milo" title="Professor Milo">Professor Milo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Pyg" title="Professor Pyg">Professor Pyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punchline_(fictional_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punchline (fictional character)">Punchline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag_Doll_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rag Doll (character)">Rag Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratcatcher_(comics)" title="Ratcatcher (comics)">Ratcatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaper_(DC_Comics)" title="Reaper (DC Comics)">Reaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signalman_(comics)" title="Signalman (comics)">Signalman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hurt" title="Simon Hurt">Simon Hurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowman_(comics)" title="Snowman (comics)">Snowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Grundy_(character)" title="Solomon Grundy (character)">Solomon Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spellbinder_(DC_Comics)" title="Spellbinder (DC Comics)">Spellbinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swagman_(comics)" title="Swagman (comics)">Swagman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_Man" title="Tally Man">Tally Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Eyed_Man" title="Ten-Eyed Man">Ten-Eyed Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_Who_Laughs" title="The Batman Who Laughs">The Batman Who Laughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Shark_(DC_Comics)" title="Tiger Shark (DC Comics)">Tiger Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweedledum_and_Tweedledee_(comics)" title="Tweedledum and Tweedledee (comics)">Tweedledum and Tweedledee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrath_(comics)" title="Wrath (comics)">Wrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra-Man" title="Zebra-Man">Zebra-Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supervillain groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Strange" title="Circus of Strange">Circus of Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Owls" title="Court of Owls">Court of Owls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobra_(DC_Comics)" title="Kobra (DC Comics)">Kobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(DC_Comics)" title="Leviathan (DC Comics)">Leviathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LexCorp" class="mw-redirect" title="LexCorp">LexCorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutants_(DC_Comics)" title="Mutants (DC Comics)">Mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Flush_Gang" title="Royal Flush Gang">Royal Flush Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad" title="Suicide Squad">Suicide Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrible_Trio" title="Terrible Trio">Terrible Trio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Batman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(Earth-Two)" title="Batman (Earth-Two)">Earth-Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_of_Zur-En-Arrh" title="Batman of Zur-En-Arrh">Tlano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owlman_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Owlman (comics)">Owlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_Who_Laughs" title="The Batman Who Laughs">The Batman Who Laughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(Thomas_Wayne)" title="Batman (Thomas Wayne)">Thomas Wayne (Flashpoint version)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Robin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative versions of Robin">Robin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(Earth-Two)" title="Robin (Earth-Two)">Earth-Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Kelley" title="Carrie Kelley">Carrie Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Wayne)" title="Huntress (Helena Wayne)">Helena Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Joker" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative versions of Joker">Joker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1966 Batman TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(1966_TV_series_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Wayne (1966 TV series character)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egghead_(DC_Comics)" title="Egghead (DC Comics)">Egghead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Tut_(comics)" title="King Tut (comics)">King Tut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989–1997 film series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(1989_film_series_character)" title="Bruce Wayne (1989 film series character)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(Jack_Napier)" title="Joker (Jack Napier)">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle_(1989_film_series_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Selina Kyle (1989 film series character)">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Cobblepot_(Batman_Returns)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswald Cobblepot (Batman Returns)">Penguin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_DC_Animated_Universe_characters" title="List of DC Animated Universe characters">DC Animated Universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(Batman:_The_Animated_Series_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Wayne (Batman: The Animated Series character)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Beaumont" title="Andrea Beaumont">Andrea Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_Beyond_characters" title="List of Batman Beyond characters">Batman Beyond</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(Terry_McGinnis)" title="Batman (Terry McGinnis)">Terry McGinnis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Dark Knight Trilogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(Dark_Knight_trilogy)" title="Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Dawes" title="Rachel Dawes">Rachel Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(The_Dark_Knight)" title="Joker (The Dark Knight)">Joker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DC Extended Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Bruce Wayne (DC Extended Universe)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Harley Quinn (DC Extended Universe)">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(DC_Extended_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker (DC Extended Universe)">Joker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gotham_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gotham characters">Gotham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(Gotham)" title="Bruce Wayne (Gotham)">Bruce Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(Gotham)" title="Jim Gordon (Gotham)">James Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle_(Gotham_character)" title="Selina Kyle (Gotham character)">Selina Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Mooney" title="Fish Mooney">Fish Mooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Cobblepot_(Gotham)" title="Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham)">Oswald Cobblepot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_and_Jeremiah_Valeska" title="Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska">Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Titans_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Titans characters">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson_(Titans_character)" title="Dick Grayson (Titans character)">Dick Grayson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrowverse" title="Arrowverse">Arrowverse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Kane_(Arrowverse)" title="Kate Kane (Arrowverse)">Kate Kane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Batman_characters" title="Category:Batman characters">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_articles_and_topics_related_to_Joker" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Other_articles_and_topics_related_to_Joker" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other articles and topics related to Joker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="All-Star_Squadron" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All-Star_Squadron" title="Template:All-Star Squadron"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All-Star_Squadron" title="Template talk:All-Star Squadron"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All-Star_Squadron" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All-Star Squadron"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="All-Star_Squadron" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/All-Star_Squadron" title="All-Star Squadron">All-Star Squadron</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Buckler" title="Rich Buckler">Rich Buckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Ordway" title="Jerry Ordway">Jerry Ordway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_All-Star_Squadron_members" title="List of All-Star Squadron members">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Wave" title="Air Wave">Air Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing-Man_(DC_Comics)" title="Amazing-Man (DC Comics)">Amazing-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman" title="Aquaman">Aquaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhawk_(DC_Comics)" title="Blackhawk (DC Comics)">Blackhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beetle_(Dan_Garrett)" title="Blue Beetle (Dan Garrett)">Blue Beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Triumph" title="Captain Triumph">Captain Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Steel" title="Commander Steel">Commander Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Occult" title="Doctor Occult">Doctor Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebrand_(DC_Comics)" title="Firebrand (DC Comics)">Firebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Fighters_(comics)" title="Freedom Fighters (comics)">Freedom Fighters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Condor" title="Black Condor">Black Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doll_Man" title="Doll Man">Doll Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Bomb" title="Human Bomb">Human Bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Hood" title="Invisible Hood">Invisible Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jester_(Quality_Comics)" title="Jester (Quality Comics)">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_(DC_Comics)" title="Midnight (DC Comics)">Midnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_America_(DC_Comics)" title="Miss America (DC Comics)">Miss America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_the_Unknown" title="Neon the Unknown">Neon the Unknown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_Lady" title="Phantom Lady">Phantom Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Man" title="Plastic Man">Plastic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_(DC_Comics)" title="Ray (DC Comics)">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bee_(character)" title="Red Bee (character)">Red Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Torpedo" title="Red Torpedo">Red Torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam_(comics)" title="Uncle Sam (comics)">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_(DC_Comics)" title="Guardian (DC Comics)">Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiera_Sanders_Hall" title="Shiera Sanders Hall">Hawkgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Quick_(Johnny_Chambers)" title="Johnny Quick (Johnny Chambers)">Johnny Quick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judomaster" title="Judomaster">Judomaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Society_of_America" title="Justice Society of America">Justice Society of America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(Al_Pratt)" title="Atom (Al Pratt)">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(Earth-Two)" title="Batman (Earth-Two)">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Fate_(Kent_Nelson)" title="Doctor Fate (Kent Nelson)">Doctor Fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(Jay_Garrick)" title="Flash (Jay Garrick)">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Scott" title="Alan Scott">Green Lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkman_(Carter_Hall)" title="Hawkman (Carter Hall)">Hawkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourman_(Rex_Tyler)" title="Hourman (Rex Tyler)">Hourman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Thunder" title="Johnny Thunder">Johnny Thunder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(DC_Comics)" title="Thunderbolt (DC Comics)">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Terrific_(Terry_Sloane)" title="Mister Terrific (Terry Sloane)">Mister Terrific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(Earth-Two)" title="Robin (Earth-Two)">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandman_(Wesley_Dodds)" title="Sandman (Wesley Dodds)">Sandman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Corrigan" title="Jim Corrigan">Spectre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starman_(Ted_Knight)" title="Starman (Ted Knight)">Starman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(Earth-Two)" title="Superman (Earth-Two)">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_(Ted_Grant)" title="Wildcat (Ted Grant)">Wildcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_(Earth-Two)" title="Wonder Woman (Earth-Two)">Wonder Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta_(DC_Comics)" title="Hippolyta (DC Comics)">Wonder Woman II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Standish" title="King Standish">King Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Belle_(comics)" title="Liberty Belle (comics)">Liberty Belle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(Paul_Kirk)" title="Manhunter (Paul Kirk)">Manhunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_the_Magician_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin the Magician (comics)">Merlin the Magician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex_Thompson" title="Tex Thompson">Mister America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Mercury" title="Max Mercury">Quicksilver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Hunkel" title="Ma Hunkel">Red Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotman_(Robert_Crane)" title="Robotman (Robert Crane)">Robotman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hawkins" title="Sandy Hawkins">Sandy the Golden Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_the_Sorcerer" title="Sargon the Sorcerer">Sargon the Sorcerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Soldiers_of_Victory" title="Seven Soldiers of Victory">Seven Soldiers of Victory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spider_(DC_Comics)" title="Spider (DC Comics)">Alias the Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Avenger_(Lee_Travis)" title="Crimson Avenger (Lee Travis)">Crimson Avenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Arrow" title="Green Arrow">Green Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shining_Knight_(Sir_Justin)" title="Shining Knight (Sir Justin)">Shining Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Harper_(character)" title="Roy Harper (character)">Speedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Pemberton" title="Sylvester Pemberton">Star-Spangled Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Dugan" title="Pat Dugan">Stripesy</a></li> <li>Stuff the Chinatown Kid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Saunders" title="Greg Saunders">Vigilante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_Saunders" title="Speed Saunders">Speed Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_of_Justice" title="Squadron of Justice">Squadron of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulletman_and_Bulletgirl" title="Bulletman and Bulletgirl">Bulletman and Bulletgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibis_the_Invincible" title="Ibis the Invincible">Ibis the Invincible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute-Man" title="Minute-Man">Minute-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Scarlet_and_Pinky_the_Whiz_Kid" title="Mr. Scarlet and Pinky the Whiz Kid">Mr. Scarlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_Eagle" title="Phantom Eagle">Phantom Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Scarlet_and_Pinky_the_Whiz_Kid" title="Mr. Scarlet and Pinky the Whiz Kid">Pinky the Whiz Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_Smasher" title="Spy Smasher">Spy Smasher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantula_(DC_Comics)" title="Tarantula (DC Comics)">Tarantula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_(character)" title="TNT (character)">TNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whip_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whip (comics)">Whip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_All-Stars" title="Young All-Stars">Young All-Stars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fury_(DC_Comics)" title="Fury (DC Comics)">Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Munro" title="Iron Munro">Iron Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Brooks" title="Paula Brooks">Tigress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatara" title="Zatara">Zatara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(character)" title="Arak (character)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Pirate" title="Black Pirate">Black Pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity,_Inc." title="Infinity, Inc.">Infinity, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brainwave_(character)" title="Brainwave (character)">Brainwave Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_(DC_Comics)" title="Jade (DC Comics)">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwind_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwind (comics)">Northwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Rothstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Rothstein">Nuklon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsidian (comics)">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Hall" title="Hector Hall">Silver Scarab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Family" title="Marvel Family">Marvel Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Captain Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_Jr." title="Captain Marvel Jr.">Captain Marvel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Marvel" title="Mary Marvel">Mary Marvel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsboy_Legion" title="Newsboy Legion">Newsboy Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Knight" title="Silent Knight">Silent Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Chief" title="Super-Chief">Super-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_Twins" title="Trigger Twins">Trigger Twins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Blitzkrieg" title="Baron Blitzkrieg">Baron Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Dragon Society (comics)">Black Dragon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Syndicate_of_America" title="Crime Syndicate of America">Crime Syndicate of America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Quick_(Crime_Syndicate)" title="Johnny Quick (Crime Syndicate)">Johnny Quick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owlman_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Owlman (comics)">Owlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Ring_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Ring (DC Comics)">Power Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superwoman_(Crime_Syndicate)" title="Superwoman (Crime Syndicate)">Superwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraman_(DC_Comics)" title="Ultraman (DC Comics)">Ultraman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotron_(character)" title="Cyclotron (character)">Cyclotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathbolt" title="Deathbolt">Deathbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hath-Set" title="Hath-Set">Hath-Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Karkull" title="Ian Karkull">Ian Karkull</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Luthor" title="Lex Luthor">Alexei Luthor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Society_of_Evil" title="Monster Society of Evil">Monster Society of Evil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dummy_(DC_Comics)" title="Dummy (DC Comics)">Dummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Mind" title="Mister Mind">Mister Mind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Degaton" title="Per Degaton">Per Degaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Society_of_Super_Villains" title="Secret Society of Super Villains">Secret Society of Super Villains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brainwave_(character)" title="Brainwave (character)">Brainwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mist_(comics)" title="Mist (comics)">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycho-Pirate" title="Psycho-Pirate">Psycho-Pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag_Doll_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rag Doll (character)">Rag Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Humanite" title="Ultra-Humanite">Ultra-Humanite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Grundy_(character)" title="Solomon Grundy (character)">Solomon Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotan_(comics)" title="Wotan (comics)">Wotan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Batgirl" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Batgirl" title="Template:Batgirl"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Batgirl" title="Template talk:Batgirl"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Batgirl" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Batgirl"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Batgirl" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Moldoff" title="Sheldon Moldoff">Sheldon Moldoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Fox" title="Gardner Fox">Gardner Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incarnations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Kane" title="Bette Kane">Bette Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Bertinelli)" title="Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)">Helena Bertinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Cain" title="Cassandra Cain">Cassandra Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Brown_(character)" title="Stephanie Brown (character)">Stephanie Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(team)" title="Birds of Prey (team)">Birds of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canary" title="Black Canary">Black Canary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">James Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fox" title="Lucius Fox">Lucius Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misfit_(DC_Comics)" title="Misfit (DC Comics)">Misfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy,_Marvin_and_Wonder_Dog" title="Wendy, Marvin and Wonder Dog">Proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergirl_(Kara_Zor-El)" title="Supergirl (Kara Zor-El)">Supergirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Thompkins" title="Leslie Thompkins">Leslie Thompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alysia_Yeoh" title="Alysia Yeoh">Alysia Yeoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mask_(character)" title="Black Mask (character)">Black Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutale_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutale (DC Comics)">Brutale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(character)" title="Calculator (character)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cain_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Cain (comics)">David Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Death_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Death (comics)">Doctor Death</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duela_Dent" title="Duela Dent">Joker's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Moth" title="Killer Moth">Killer Moth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knightfall_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knightfall (character)">Knightfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shiva" title="Lady Shiva">Lady Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livewire_(DC_Comics)" title="Livewire (DC Comics)">Livewire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Freeze" title="Mr. Freeze">Mr. Freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilson" title="Rose Wilson">Ravager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_Twins" title="Trigger Twins">Trigger Twins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related identities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamebird" title="Flamebird">Flamebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(DC_Comics)" title="Huntress (DC Comics)">Huntress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_(comic_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batgirl (comic book)">Batgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl:_Year_One" title="Batgirl: Year One">Batgirl: Year One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_and_the_Birds_of_Prey" title="Batgirl and the Birds of Prey">Batgirl and the Birds of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elseworld%27s_Finest:_Supergirl_%26_Batgirl" title="Elseworld's Finest: Supergirl & Batgirl">Elseworld's Finest: Supergirl & Batgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost/Batgirl:_The_Resurrection_Machine" title="Ghost/Batgirl: The Resurrection Machine">Ghost/Batgirl: The Resurrection Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Enter_Batgirl,_Exit_Penguin" title="Enter Batgirl, Exit Penguin">Enter Batgirl, Exit Penguin</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon_in_other_media" title="Barbara Gordon in other media">Barbara Gordon in other media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Game_(comics)" title="Big Game (comics)">Big Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_(film)" title="Batgirl (film)">Batgirl</a> (unreleased)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwoman" title="Batwoman">Batwoman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Batgirl" title="Category:Batgirl">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Birds_of_Prey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Birds_of_Prey" title="Template:Birds of Prey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Birds_of_Prey" title="Template talk:Birds of Prey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Birds_of_Prey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Birds of Prey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Birds_of_Prey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(team)" title="Birds of Prey (team)">Birds of Prey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Creators: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Dixon" title="Chuck Dixon">Chuck Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_B._Gorfinkel" title="Jordan B. Gorfinkel">Jordan B. Gorfinkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Simone" title="Gail Simone">Gail Simone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl_and_the_Birds_of_Prey" title="Batgirl and the Birds of Prey">Batgirl and the Birds of Prey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canary" title="Black Canary">Black Canary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Bertinelli)" title="Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)">Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Barda" title="Big Barda">Big Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Alice_(comics)" title="Black Alice (comics)">Black Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Cain" title="Cassandra Cain">Cassandra Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(comics)" title="Gypsy (comics)">Gypsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_and_Dove" title="Hawk and Dove">Hawk and Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkgirl" title="Hawkgirl">Hawkgirl (Kendra Saunders)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shiva" title="Lady Shiva">Jade Canary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judomaster" title="Judomaster">Judomaster (Sonia Sato)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katana_(DC_Comics)" title="Katana (DC Comics)">Katana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Blackhawk" title="Lady Blackhawk">Lady Blackhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(Kate_Spencer)" title="Manhunter (Kate Spencer)">Manhunter (Kate Spencer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misfit_(DC_Comics)" title="Misfit (DC Comics)">Misfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Girl" title="Power Girl">Power Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(comics)" title="Vixen (comics)">Vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealot_(Wildstorm)" title="Zealot (Wildstorm)">Zealot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kord" title="Ted Kord">Blue Beetle (Ted Kord)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_Gold" title="Booster Gold">Booster Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">James Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savant_(DC_Comics)" title="Savant (DC Comics)">Creote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_(DC_Comics)" title="Cyborg (DC Comics)">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Arrow" title="Green Arrow">Green Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Lance" title="Larry Lance">Kurt Lance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Lane" title="Lois Lane">Lois Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorpho" title="Metamorpho">Metamorpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Nightwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Girl" title="Power Girl">Power Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dragon" title="Richard Dragon">Richard Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Drake" title="Tim Drake">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savant_(DC_Comics)" title="Savant (DC Comics)">Savant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(DC_Comics)" title="Sin (DC Comics)">Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_(Ted_Grant)" title="Wildcat (Ted Grant)">Wildcat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Skull" title="Atomic Skull">Atomic Skull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bane_(DC_Comics)" title="Bane (DC Comics)">Bane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mask_(character)" title="Black Mask (character)">Black Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(DC_Comics)" title="Blockbuster (DC Comics)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainiac_(character)" title="Brainiac (character)">Brainiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutale_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutale (DC Comics)">Brutale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(character)" title="Calculator (character)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nazi" title="Captain Nazi">Captain Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemo_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemo (DC Comics)">Chemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_(comics)" title="Cheshire (comics)">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayface" title="Clayface">Clayface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(DC_Comics)" title="Copperhead (DC Comics)">Copperhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Doctor_(comics)" title="Crime Doctor (comics)">Crime Doctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathstroke" title="Deathstroke">Deathstroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrocutioner" title="Electrocutioner">Electrocutioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla_Grodd" title="Gorilla Grodd">Gorilla Grodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Hammond" title="Hector Hammond">Hector Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellgrammite_(comics)" title="Hellgrammite (comics)">Hellgrammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.I.V.E." title="H.I.V.E.">H.I.V.E.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Moth" title="Killer Moth">Killer Moth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobra_(DC_Comics)" title="Kobra (DC Comics)">Kobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shiva" title="Lady Shiva">Lady Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spellbinder_(DC_Comics)" title="Spellbinder (DC Comics)">Lady Spellbinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Vic" title="Lady Vic">Lady Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashina" title="Lashina">Lashina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Hatter_(DC_Comics)" title="Mad Hatter (DC Comics)">Mad Hatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_(comics)" title="Mammoth (comics)">Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(DC_Comics)" title="Prometheus (DC Comics)">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psimon" title="Psimon">Psimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Six_(comics)" title="Secret Six (comics)">Secret Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Society_of_Super_Villains" title="Secret Society of Super Villains">Secret Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Thief" title="Shadow Thief">Shadow Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrapnel_(DC_Comics)" title="Shrapnel (DC Comics)">Shrapnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_Smasher" title="Spy Smasher">Spy Smasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talia_al_Ghul" title="Talia al Ghul">Talia al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Brothers_in_Silk" title="Twelve Brothers in Silk">Twelve Brothers in Silk and White Canary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Zsasz" title="Victor Zsasz">Victor Zsasz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(TV_series)" title="Birds of Prey (TV series)">TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(2020_film)" title="Birds of Prey (2020 film)">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(soundtrack)" title="Birds of Prey (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Birds_of_Prey" title="Category:Birds of Prey">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catwoman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catwoman" title="Template:Catwoman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catwoman" title="Template talk:Catwoman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catwoman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catwoman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catwoman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incarnations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Selina Kyle">Selina Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Robinson_(character)" title="Holly Robinson (character)">Holly Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiko_Hasigawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiko Hasigawa">Eiko Hasigawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Batgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slam_Bradley" title="Slam Bradley">Slam Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_City_Sirens" title="Gotham City Sirens">Gotham City Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Wayne)" title="Huntress (Helena Wayne)">Huntress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsiders_(comics)" title="Outsiders (comics)">Outsiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Thompkins" title="Leslie Thompkins">Leslie Thompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_(Ted_Grant)" title="Wildcat (Ted Grant)">Wildcat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angle_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Angle Man">Angle Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bane_(DC_Comics)" title="Bane (DC Comics)">Bane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mask_(character)" title="Black Mask (character)">Black Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayface" title="Clayface">Clayface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_Freak" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Freak">Film Freak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hush_(character)" title="Hush (character)">Hush</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Strange" title="Hugo Strange">Hugo Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiss_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeiss (comics)">Zeiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowflame" title="Snowflame">Snowflame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(comic_book)" title="Catwoman (comic book)">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman:_When_in_Rome" title="Catwoman: When in Rome">Catwoman: When in Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_City_Sirens" title="Gotham City Sirens">Gotham City Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Nine_Lives" title="Batman: Nine Lives">Nine Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_in_other_media" title="Catwoman in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(film)" title="Catwoman (film)">Catwoman (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Me" title="Chase Me">Chase Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Showcase:_Catwoman" title="DC Showcase: Catwoman">DC Showcase: Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(video_game)" title="Catwoman (video game)">Catwoman (video game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle_(Gotham_character)" title="Selina Kyle (Gotham character)">Selina Kyle (Gotham character)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle_(Gotham_episode)" title="Selina Kyle (Gotham episode)">"Selina Kyle" (Gotham episode)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Kyle_(Batman_Returns)" title="Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)">Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cat_and_the_Fiddle_(Batman)" title="The Cat and the Fiddle (Batman)">The Cat and the Fiddle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cat_and_the_Claw" title="The Cat and the Claw">The Cat and the Claw</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman:_Soulstealer" title="Catwoman: Soulstealer">Catwoman: Soulstealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman:_Hunted" title="Catwoman: Hunted">Catwoman: Hunted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catwoman" title="Category:Catwoman">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Harley_Quinn" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harley_Quinn" title="Template:Harley Quinn"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harley_Quinn" title="Template talk:Harley Quinn"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harley_Quinn" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harley Quinn"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Harley_Quinn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dini" title="Paul Dini">Paul Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Timm" title="Bruce Timm">Bruce Timm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kesel" title="Karl Kesel">Karl Kesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dodson" title="Terry Dodson">Terry Dodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Conner" title="Amanda Conner">Amanda Conner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Palmiotti" title="Jimmy Palmiotti">Jimmy Palmiotti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(team)" title="Birds of Prey (team)">Birds of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_and_Lou" title="Bud and Lou">Bud and Lou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Nightwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Girl" title="Power Girl">Power Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Grundy_(character)" title="Solomon Grundy (character)">Solomon Grundy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_City_Sirens" title="Gotham City Sirens">Gotham City Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_of_Anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice League of Anarchy">Justice League of Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Six_(comics)" title="Secret Six (comics)">Secret Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Society_of_Super_Villains" title="Secret Society of Super Villains">The Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad" title="Suicide Squad">Suicide Squad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Waller" title="Amanda Waller">Amanda Waller</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Waller" title="Amanda Waller">Amanda Waller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mask_(character)" title="Black Mask (character)">Black Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floronic_Man" title="Floronic Man">Floronic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Strange" title="Hugo Strange">Hugo Strange</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duela_Dent" title="Duela Dent">Joker's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Graves" title="Mercy Graves">Mercy Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punchline_(character)" title="Punchline (character)">Punchline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Batman_Adventures:_Mad_Love" title="The Batman Adventures: Mad Love">The Batman Adventures: Mad Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_(comic_book)" title="Harley Quinn (comic book)">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_White_Knight_Presents:_Harley_Quinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman: White Knight Presents: Harley Quinn">Batman: White Knight Presents: Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_%26_Ivy_Meet_Betty_%26_Veronica" title="Harley & Ivy Meet Betty & Veronica">Harley & Ivy Meet Betty & Veronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_and_Poison_Ivy" title="Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy">Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_in_other_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Harley Quinn in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Joker%27s_Favor" title="Joker's Favor">Joker's Favor</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Harley_Quinn" title="Batman and Harley Quinn">Batman and Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Harley Quinn (DC Extended Universe)">Harley Quinn (DCEU character)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(2020_film)" title="Birds of Prey (2020 film)">Birds of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_(TV_series)" title="Harley Quinn (TV series)">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_and_The_Joker:_Sound_Mind" title="Harley Quinn and The Joker: Sound Mind">Harley Quinn and The Joker: Sound Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker:_Folie_%C3%A0_Deux" title="Joker: Folie à Deux">Joker: Folie à Deux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_Crazy_Train" title="Harley Quinn Crazy Train">Harley Quinn Crazy Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_Smith" title="Harley Quinn Smith">Harley Quinn Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenpool" title="Gwenpool">Gwenpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_Batman_franchise" title="Homosexuality in the Batman franchise">Homosexuality in the Batman franchise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Harley_Quinn" title="Category:Harley Quinn">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Justice_League_characters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Justice_League_characters" title="Template:Justice League characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Justice_League_characters" title="Template talk:Justice League characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Justice_League_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Justice League characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justice_League_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a> characters</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founding members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-New 52/ Rebirth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman" title="Aquaman">Aquaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(Barry_Allen)" title="Flash (Barry Allen)">Flash / Barry Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Jordan" title="Hal Jordan">Green Lantern / Hal Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Manhunter" title="Martian Manhunter">Martian Manhunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-New 52/ Rebirth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman" title="Aquaman">Aquaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_(DC_Comics)" title="Cyborg (DC Comics)">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(Barry_Allen)" title="Flash (Barry Allen)">Flash / Barry Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Jordan" title="Hal Jordan">Green Lantern / Hal Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Justice_League_members" title="List of Justice League members">Recurring members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Strange" title="Adam Strange">Adam Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agent_Liberty" title="Agent Liberty">Agent Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing-Man_(DC_Comics)" title="Amazing-Man (DC Comics)">Amazing-Man / Will Everett III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_Bug" title="Ambush Bug">Ambush Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Man" title="Animal Man">Animal Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaldur%27ahm" title="Kaldur'ahm">Aqualad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(character)" title="Atom (character)">Atom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(Ray_Palmer)" title="Atom (Ray Palmer)">Ray Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(Ryan_Choi)" title="Atom (Ryan Choi)">Ryan Choi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_Smasher_(DC_Comics)" title="Atom Smasher (DC Comics)">Atom Smasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztek_(character)" title="Aztek (character)">Aztek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Batgirl/Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwing_(DC_Comics)" title="Batwing (DC Comics)">Batwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Kane" title="Kate Kane">Batwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Barda" title="Big Barda">Big Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Adam" title="Black Adam">Black Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canary_(Dinah_Laurel_Lance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Canary (Dinah Laurel Lance)">Black Canary / Dinah Laurel Lance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Condor" title="Black Condor">Black Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lightning" title="Black Lightning">Black Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Orchid_(character)" title="Black Orchid (character)">Black Orchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodwynd" title="Bloodwynd">Bloodwynd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_Gold" title="Booster Gold">Booster Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beetle" title="Blue Beetle">Blue Beetle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kord" title="Ted Kord">Ted Kord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beetle_(Jaime_Reyes)" title="Blue Beetle (Jaime Reyes)">Jaime Reyes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Devil_(DC_Comics)" title="Blue Devil (DC Comics)">Blue Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Jay_(character)" title="Blue Jay (character)">Blue Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulleteer" title="Bulleteer">Bulleteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Atom" title="Captain Atom">Captain Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Captain Marvel / Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Steel" title="Commander Steel">Commander Steel / Hank Heywood III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congorilla" title="Congorilla">Congorilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Fox" title="Crimson Fox">Crimson Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detective_Chimp" title="Detective Chimp">Detective Chimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Fate" title="Doctor Fate">Dr Fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Light_(Kimiyo_Hoshi)" title="Doctor Light (Kimiyo Hoshi)">Dr Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Troy" title="Donna Troy">Donna Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_Girl" title="Element Girl">Element Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elongated_Man" title="Elongated Man">Elongated Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Etrigan the Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_(comics)" title="Fire (comics)">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestorm_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firestorm (comics)">Firestorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(DC_Comics_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash (DC Comics character)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(Jay_Garrick)" title="Flash (Jay Garrick)">Jay Garrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_West" title="Wally West">Wally West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Glory" title="General Glory">General Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo-Force" title="Geo-Force">Geo-Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godiva_(comics)" title="Godiva (comics)">Godiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Arrow" title="Green Arrow">Green Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern" title="Green Lantern">Green Lantern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Gardner_(character)" title="Guy Gardner (character)">Guy Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_(DC_Comics)" title="Jade (DC Comics)">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_(character)" title="John Stewart (character)">John Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Rayner" title="Kyle Rayner">Kyle Rayner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Baz" title="Simon Baz">Simon Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Cruz" title="Jessica Cruz">Jessica Cruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_(DC_Comics)" title="Guardian (DC Comics)">Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(comics)" title="Gypsy (comics)">Gypsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkman" title="Hawkman">Hawkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawkman_(Carter_Hall)" title="Hawkman (Carter Hall)">Carter Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkman_(Katar_Hol)" title="Hawkman (Katar Hol)">Katar Hol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkgirl" title="Hawkgirl">Hawkgirl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawkwoman" title="Hawkwoman">Hawkwoman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiera_Sanders_Hall" title="Shiera Sanders Hall">Shiera Sanders Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayera_Hol" title="Shayera Hol">Shayera Hol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkgirl_(Kendra_Saunders)" title="Hawkgirl (Kendra Saunders)">Kendra Saunders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourman" title="Hourman">Hourman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hourman_(Rick_Tyler)" title="Hourman (Rick Tyler)">Rick Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourman_(android)" title="Hourman (android)">Matthew Tyler (Android)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Bertinelli)" title="Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)">Huntress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_(character)" title="Ice (character)">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_(DC_Comics)" title="Glacier (DC Comics)">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Chambers" title="Jesse Chambers">Jesse Quick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constantine" title="John Constantine">John Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Cain" title="Cassandra Cain">Kasumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katana_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Katana (comics)">Katana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightray_(character)" title="Lightray (character)">Lightray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobo_(DC_Comics)" title="Lobo (DC Comics)">Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Xanadu" title="Madame Xanadu">Madame Xanadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitou_Dawn" title="Manitou Dawn">Manitou Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitou_Raven" title="Manitou Raven">Manitou Raven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_(DC_Comics)" title="Maxima (DC Comics)">Maxima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(comics)" title="Maya (comics)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mera_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mera (comics)">Mera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorpho" title="Metamorpho">Metamorpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle" title="Mister Miracle">Mr Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Terrific_(character)" title="Mister Terrific (character)">Mr Terrific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Maiden_(character)" title="Moon Maiden (character)">Moon Maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystek" title="Mystek">Mystek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_McDuffie" title="Naomi McDuffie">Naomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsidian (comics)">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(character)" title="Orion (character)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora_(DC_Comics)" title="Pandora (DC Comics)">Pandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_Stranger" title="Phantom Stranger">Phantom Stranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Man" title="Plastic Man">Plastic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Girl" title="Power Girl">Power Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_(character)" title="Question (character)">Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_(DC_Comics)" title="Raven (DC Comics)">Raven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_(Ray_Terrill)" title="Ray (Ray Terrill)">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Harper_(character)" title="Roy Harper (character)">Red Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tornado" title="Red Tornado">Red Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Robin/Nightwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Red" title="Rocket Red">Rocket Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade,_the_Changing_Man" title="Shade, the Changing Man">Shade, the Changing Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Sorceress" title="Silver Sorceress">Silver Sorceress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapper_Carr" title="Snapper Carr">Snapper Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfire_(Teen_Titans)" title="Starfire (Teen Titans)">Starfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtney_Whitmore" title="Courtney Whitmore">Stargirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starman_(DC_Comics)" title="Starman (DC Comics)">Starman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starman_(Mikaal_Tomas)" title="Starman (Mikaal Tomas)">Mikaal Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starman_(Prince_Gavyn)" title="Starman (Prince Gavyn)">Prince Gavyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starman_(Will_Payton)" title="Starman (Will Payton)">Will Payton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starman_(Jack_Knight)" title="Starman (Jack Knight)">Jack Knight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(John_Henry_Irons)" title="Steel (John Henry Irons)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Chief" title="Super-Chief">Super-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kent_(DC_Comics)" title="Jon Kent (DC Comics)">Superboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergirl_(Kara_Zor-El)" title="Supergirl (Kara Zor-El)">Supergirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing" title="Swamp Thing">Swamp Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Devil_(DC_Comics)" title="Tasmanian Devil (DC Comics)">Tasmanian Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Woman" title="Tomorrow Woman">Tomorrow Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_(comics)" title="Triumph (comics)">Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibe_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibe (comics)">Vibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(comics)" title="Vixen (comics)">Vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yara_Flor" title="Yara Flor">Wonder Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatanna" title="Zatanna">Zatanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zauriel" title="Zauriel">Zauriel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arella" title="Arella">Arella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.R.G.U.S." title="A.R.G.U.S.">A.R.G.U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Ferris" title="Carol Ferris">Carol Ferris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highfather" title="Highfather">Highfather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_West" title="Iris West">Iris West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">James Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Olsen" title="Jimmy Olsen">Jimmy Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Lane" title="Lois Lane">Lois Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fox" title="Lucius Fox">Lucius Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pariah_(character)" title="Pariah (character)">Pariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_White" title="Perry White">Perry White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta_(DC_Comics)" title="Hippolyta (DC Comics)">Queen Hippolyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Trevor" title="Steve Trevor">Steve Trevor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Dibny" title="Sue Dibny">Sue Dibny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazons_(DC_Comics)" title="Amazons (DC Comics)">Amazonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_(Aquaman)" title="Atlantis (Aquaman)">Atlanteans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(team)" title="Birds of Prey (team)">Birds of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_Patrol" title="Doom Patrol">Doom Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_City_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotham City Police Department">GCPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Dark" title="Justice League Dark">Justice League Dark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Constantine" title="John Constantine">John Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadman_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deadman (comics)">Deadman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detective_Chimp" title="Detective Chimp">Detective Chimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Etrigan the Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing" title="Swamp Thing">Swamp Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatanna" title="Zatanna">Zatanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Society_of_America" title="Justice Society of America">Justice Society of America</a></li> <li>Lantern Corps <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Universe" title="Guardians of the Universe">Guardians of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamaron">Zamarons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lantern_Corps" title="Blue Lantern Corps">Blue Lantern Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern_Corps" title="Green Lantern Corps">Green Lantern Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigo_Tribe" title="Indigo Tribe">Indigo Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lantern_Corps" title="White Lantern Corps">White Lantern Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Super-Heroes" title="Legion of Super-Heroes">Legion of Super-Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Family" title="Marvel Family">Marvel/Shazam Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsiders_(comics)" title="Outsiders (comics)">Outsiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.T.A.R._Labs" class="mw-redirect" title="S.T.A.R. Labs">S.T.A.R. Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Titans" title="Teen Titans">Teen Titans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfire_(Teen_Titans)" title="Starfire (Teen Titans)">Starfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_Boy" title="Beast Boy">Beast Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_(DC_Comics)" title="Cyborg (DC Comics)">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_(DC_Comics)" title="Raven (DC Comics)">Raven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Justice" title="Young Justice">Young Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neutral allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Waller" title="Amanda Waller">Amanda Waller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Adam" title="Black Adam">Black Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Cold" title="Captain Cold">Captain Cold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(DC_Comics)" title="Frankenstein (DC Comics)">Frankenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Hex" title="Jonah Hex">Jonah Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Frost" title="Killer Frost">Killer Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larfleeze" title="Larfleeze">Larfleeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobo_(DC_Comics)" title="Lobo (DC Comics)">Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Sapphire_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Sapphire (character)">Star Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad" title="Suicide Squad">Suicide Squad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Justice_League_enemies" title="List of Justice League enemies">Enemies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central rogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazo" title="Amazo">Amazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Monitor" title="Anti-Monitor">Anti-Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Adam" title="Black Adam">Black Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Manta" title="Black Manta">Black Manta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainiac_(character)" title="Brainiac (character)">Brainiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Cold" title="Captain Cold">Captain Cold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_(character)" title="Cheetah (character)">Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkseid" title="Darkseid">Darkseid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathstroke" title="Deathstroke">Deathstroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despero" title="Despero">Despero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Destiny" title="Doctor Destiny">Doctor Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Light_(Arthur_Light)" title="Doctor Light (Arthur Light)">Doctor Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_(DC_Comics)" title="Doomsday (DC Comics)">Doomsday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipso" title="Eclipso">Eclipso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Faust" title="Felix Faust">Felix Faust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla_Grodd" title="Gorilla Grodd">Gorilla Grodd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjar_Ro" title="Kanjar Ro">Kanjar Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Luthor" title="Lex Luthor">Lex Luthor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(DC_Comics)" title="Libra (DC Comics)">Libra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongul" title="Mongul">Mongul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekron" title="Nekron">Nekron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neron_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neron (DC Comics)">Neron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Ivo" title="Professor Ivo">Professor Ivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(DC_Comics)" title="Prometheus (DC Comics)">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Bee_(comics)" title="Queen Bee (comics)">Queen Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Fables" title="Queen of Fables">Queen of Fables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinestro" title="Sinestro">Sinestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starro" title="Starro">Starro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_(character)" title="Steppenwolf (character)">Steppenwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._O._Morrow" title="T. O. Morrow">T. O. Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigon_(comics)" title="Trigon (comics)">Trigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Humanite" title="Ultra-Humanite">Ultra-Humanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandal_Savage" title="Vandal Savage">Vandal Savage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other supervillains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Fortune_(comics)" title="Amos Fortune (comics)">Amos Fortune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hand_(character)" title="Black Hand (character)">Black Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(DC_Comics)" title="Blockbuster (DC Comics)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_Storm_(character)" title="Brain Storm (character)">Brain Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe_(character)" title="Circe (character)">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graves_(character)" title="David Graves (character)">David Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Polaris" title="Doctor Polaris">Doctor Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Sivana" title="Doctor Sivana">Doctor Sivana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(DC_Comics)" title="Epoch (DC Comics)">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_Flashman" title="Funky Flashman">Funky Flashman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamemnae" title="Gamemnae">Gamemnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Wade_Eiling" title="General Wade Eiling">General Wade Eiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_Ghost" title="Gentleman Ghost">Gentleman Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_(DC_Comics)" title="Gog (DC Comics)">Gog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyathis" title="Hyathis">Hyathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperiex" title="Imperiex">Imperiex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_(character)" title="Key (character)">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kull_(DC_Comics)" title="King Kull (DC Comics)">King Kull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alefa%27ak" title="Ma'alefa'ak">Ma'alefa'ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magog_(DC_Comics)" title="Magog (DC Comics)">Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Black" title="Manchester Black">Manchester Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_Khan" title="Manga Khan">Manga Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(Mark_Shaw)" title="Manhunter (Mark Shaw)">Manhunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_Master" title="Matter Master">Matter Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Lord" title="Maxwell Lord">Maxwell Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlyn_(DC_Comics)" title="Merlyn (DC Comics)">Merlyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgaine_le_Fey_(DC_Comics)" title="Morgaine le Fey (DC Comics)">Morgaine le Fey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Man" title="Nebula Man">Nebula Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMAC_(comics)" title="OMAC (comics)">OMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragon_(DC_Comics)" title="Paragon (DC Comics)">Paragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Degaton" title="Per Degaton">Per Degaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul" title="Ra's al Ghul">Ra's al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Khan" title="Rama Khan">Rama Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_King_(DC_Comics)" title="Red King (DC Comics)">Red King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eobard_Thawne" title="Eobard Thawne">Reverse-Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaggy_Man_(comics)" title="Shaggy Man (comics)">Shaggy Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(DC_Comics)" title="Siren (DC Comics)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(DC_Comics)" title="Solaris (DC Comics)">Solaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Grundy_(character)" title="Solomon Grundy (character)">Solomon Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar_(comics)" title="Sonar (comics)">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbreaker_(comics)" title="Starbreaker (comics)">Starbreaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_Master" title="Weapons Master">Weapons Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Wizard" title="Weather Wizard">Weather Wizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_(DC_Comics)" title="Wizard (DC Comics)">Wizard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brigade" title="Aryan Brigade">Aryan Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_Amerika" title="Axis Amerika">Axis Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Evil" title="Brotherhood of Evil">Brotherhood of Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadre_(comics)" title="Cadre (comics)">Cadre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Syndicate_of_America" title="Crime Syndicate of America">Crime Syndicate of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkseid%27s_Elite" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkseid's Elite">Darkseid's Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearsome_Five" title="Fearsome Five">Fearsome Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Furies" title="Female Furies">Female Furies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injustice_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Injustice League">Injustice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobra_(DC_Comics)" title="Kobra (DC Comics)">Kobra</a></li> <li>Lantern Corps <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lantern_Corps" title="Black Lantern Corps">Black Lantern Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Lantern_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Lantern Corps">Orange Lantern Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lantern_Corps" title="Red Lantern Corps">Red Lantern Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinestro_Corps" title="Sinestro Corps">Sinestro Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Assassins" title="League of Assassins">League of Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Doom" title="Legion of Doom">Legion of Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunters_(DC_Comics)" title="Manhunters (DC Comics)">Manhunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parademon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parademon">Parademons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_Zone" title="Phantom Zone">Phantom Zone</a> Villains</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogues_(comics)" title="Rogues (comics)">Rogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Flush_Gang" title="Royal Flush Gang">Royal Flush Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Six_(comics)" title="Secret Six (comics)">Secret Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Society_of_Super_Villains" title="Secret Society of Super Villains">Secret Society of Super Villains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Martian" title="White Martian">White Martians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternate versions of the Justice League</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Justice" title="Extreme Justice">Extreme Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just%27a_Lotta_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Just'a Lotta Animals">Just'a Lotta Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Guild_of_America" title="Justice Guild of America">Justice Guild of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_3000" title="Justice League 3000">Justice League 3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Dark" title="Justice League Dark">Justice League Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Elite" title="Justice League Elite">Justice League Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Europe" title="Justice League Europe">Justice League Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_International" title="Justice League International">Justice League International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Queer" title="Justice League Queer">Justice League Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Task_Force_(comics)" title="Justice League Task Force (comics)">Justice League Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_United" title="Justice League United">Justice League United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Legion_Alpha" title="Justice Legion Alpha">Justice Legion Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Lords" title="Justice Lords">Justice Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Buddies" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Buddies">Super Buddies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Jrs." title="Super Jrs.">Super Jrs.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Justice" title="Young Justice">Young Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Superman" title="Alternative versions of Superman">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Wonder_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative versions of Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_in_other_media" title="Justice League in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="DC_Extended_Universe" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Superman (DC Extended Universe)">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Bruce Wayne (DC Extended Universe)">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Prince_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Diana Prince (DC Extended Universe)">Wonder Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Allen_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Barry Allen (DC Extended Universe)">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Curry_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Arthur Curry (DC Extended Universe)">Aquaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Stone_(DC_Extended_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Stone (DC Extended Universe)">Cyborg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Justice_League" title="Category:Justice League">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Robin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robin" title="Template:Robin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robin" title="Template talk:Robin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Robins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Todd" title="Jason Todd">Jason Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Drake" title="Tim Drake">Tim Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Brown_(character)" title="Stephanie Brown (character)">Stephanie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Wayne" title="Damian Wayne">Damian Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Drake" title="Jack Drake">Jack Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Graysons" title="Flying Graysons">Flying Graysons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fox" title="Lucius Fox">Lucius Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Fox" title="Tamara Fox">Tamara Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(character)" title="Jim Gordon (character)">James Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightstar_(comics)" title="Nightstar (comics)">Nightstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturna_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturna (DC Comics)">Nocturna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsiders_(comics)" title="Outsiders (comics)">Outsiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfire_(Teen_Titans)" title="Starfire (Teen Titans)">Starfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talia_al_Ghul" title="Talia al Ghul">Talia al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Titans" title="Teen Titans">Teen Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Thompkins" title="Leslie Thompkins">Leslie Thompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlock%27s_Daughter" title="Warlock's Daughter">Warlock's Daughter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarky" title="Anarky">Anarky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bane_(DC_Comics)" title="Bane (DC Comics)">Bane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(DC_Comics)" title="Blockbuster (DC Comics)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutale_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutale (DC Comics)">Brutale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_King" title="Clock King">Clock King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluemaster" title="Cluemaster">Cluemaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathstroke" title="Deathstroke">Deathstroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(DC_Comics)" title="Firefly (DC Comics)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_(DC_Comics)" title="General (DC Comics)">The General</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duela_Dent" title="Duela Dent">Joker's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Croc" title="Killer Croc">Killer Croc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Moth" title="Killer Moth">Killer Moth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Snake" title="King Snake">King Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shiva" title="Lady Shiva">Lady Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Vic" title="Lady Vic">Lady Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(comics)" title="Lynx (comics)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Hatter_(DC_Comics)" title="Mad Hatter (DC Comics)">Mad Hatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Freeze" title="Mr. Freeze">Mr. Freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nite-Wing" title="Nite-Wing">Nite-Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prankster_(comics)" title="Prankster (comics)">Prankster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul" title="Ra's al Ghul">Ra's al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrike_(identity)" title="Shrike (identity)">Shrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantula_(DC_Comics)" title="Tarantula (DC Comics)">Tarantula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torque_(DC_Comics)" title="Torque (DC Comics)">Torque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_Twins" title="Trigger Twins">Trigger Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Zucco" title="Tony Zucco">Tony Zucco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related identities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nightwing" title="Nightwing">Nightwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Robin_(identity)" title="Red Robin (identity)">Red Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hood">Red Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squire_(identity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squire (identity)">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_X_(Teen_Titans)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red X (Teen Titans)">Red X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robin_in_other_media" title="Robin in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_(serial)" title="Batman and Robin (serial)">Batman and Robin (serial)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Robin%27s_Reckoning" title="Robin's Reckoning">Robin's Reckoning</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson_(1989_film_series_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Grayson (1989 film series character)">Dick Grayson (film character)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin (film)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(soundtrack)" title="Batman & Robin (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(video_game)" title="Batman & Robin (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Batman" title="Son of Batman">Son of Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_vs._Robin" title="Batman vs. Robin">Batman vs. Robin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin:_Year_One" title="Robin: Year One">Robin: Year One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_War" title="Robin War">Robin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Star_Batman_%26_Robin,_the_Boy_Wonder" title="All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder">All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_(comic_book)" title="Batman and Robin (comic book)">Batman and Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are..._Robin" class="mw-redirect" title="We Are... Robin">We Are... Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Robin_(comic_book)" title="Red Robin (comic book)">Red Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_Eternal" title="Batman and Robin Eternal">Batman and Robin Eternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Son" title="Batman and Son">Batman and Son</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Robin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative versions of Robin">Alternative versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Kelley" title="Carrie Kelley">Carrie Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(Earth-Two)" title="Robin (Earth-Two)">Earth-Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntress_(Helena_Wayne)" title="Huntress (Helena Wayne)">Helena Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbird_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Redbird (comics)">Redbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyas_Batman_en_Robin" title="Alyas Batman en Robin">Alyas Batman en Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyas_Batman_at_Robin" title="Alyas Batman at Robin">Alyas Batman at Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin:_The_Chiller" title="Batman & Robin: The Chiller">Batman & Robin: The Chiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_Have_an_Altercation" title="Batman and Robin Have an Altercation">Batman and Robin Have an Altercation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Holy...%22" title=""Holy..."">"Holy..."</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman and Robin (disambiguation)">Batman and Robin (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Robin_(character)" title="Category:Robin (character)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suicide_Squad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Suicide_Squad" title="Template:Suicide Squad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Suicide_Squad" title="Template talk:Suicide Squad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide_Squad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide Squad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suicide_Squad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad" title="Suicide Squad">Suicide Squad</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Created by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kanigher" title="Robert Kanigher">Robert Kanigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Andru" title="Ross Andru">Ross Andru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ostrander" title="John Ostrander">John Ostrander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Suicide_Squad_members" title="List of Suicide Squad members">Current members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Waller" title="Amanda Waller">Amanda Waller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Field Leader</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacemaker_(character)" title="Peacemaker (character)">Peacemaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_Bug" title="Ambush Bug">Ambush Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodsport_(character)" title="Bloodsport (character)">Bloodsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemo_(character)" title="Chemo (character)">Chemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Wave_(character)" title="Heat Wave (character)">Heat Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Force" title="Major Force">Major Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_(DC_Comics)" title="Match (DC Comics)">Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturna_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturna (DC Comics)">Nocturna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(comics)" title="Parasite (comics)">Parasite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_Smasher_(DC_Comics)" title="Atom Smasher (DC Comics)">Atom Smasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bane_(DC_Comics)" title="Bane (DC Comics)">Bane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Manta" title="Black Manta">Black Manta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mask_(character)" title="Black Mask (character)">Black Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Spider" title="Black Spider">Black Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Tiger" title="Bronze Tiger">Bronze Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Boomerang" title="Captain Boomerang">Captain Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Cold" title="Captain Cold">Captain Cold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_(character)" title="Cheetah (character)">Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(DC_Comics)" title="Copperhead (DC Comics)">Copperhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Vertigo" title="Count Vertigo">Count Vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadshot" title="Deadshot">Deadshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathstroke" title="Deathstroke">Deathstroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Light_(Arthur_Light)" title="Doctor Light (Arthur Light)">Doctor Light (Arthur Light)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Diablo_(character)" title="El Diablo (character)">El Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchantress_(DC_Comics)" title="Enchantress (DC Comics)">Enchantress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Zod" title="General Zod">General Zod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giganta" title="Giganta">Giganta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duela_Dent" title="Duela Dent">Joker's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katana_(DC_Comics)" title="Katana (DC Comics)">Katana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGBeast" title="KGBeast">KGBeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Croc" title="Killer Croc">Killer Croc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Frost" title="Killer Frost">Killer Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Faraday" title="King Faraday">King Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Shark" title="King Shark">King Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashina" title="Lashina">Lashina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobo_(DC_Comics)" title="Lobo (DC Comics)">Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(DC_Comics)" title="Nemesis (DC Comics)">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshade_(DC_Comics)" title="Nightshade (DC Comics)">Nightshade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(comics)" title="Parasite (comics)">Parasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacemaker_(character)" title="Peacemaker (character)">Peacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmus" title="Plasmus">Plasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastique_(character)" title="Plastique (character)">Plastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(character)" title="Poison Ivy (character)">Poison Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka-Dot_Man" title="Polka-Dot Man">Polka-Dot Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Girl" title="Power Girl">Power Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_and_Jewelee" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch and Jewelee">Punch and Jewelee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravan_(comics)" title="Ravan (comics)">Ravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactron" title="Reactron">Reactron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_West_(character)" title="Daniel West (character)">Reverse-Flash (Daniel West)</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rick_Flag" title="Rick Flag">Rick Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Harper_(character)" title="Roy Harper (character)">Roy Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savant_(DC_Comics)" title="Savant (DC Comics)">Savant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipknot_(comics)" title="Slipknot (comics)">Slipknot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Grundy_(character)" title="Solomon Grundy (character)">Solomon Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thinker_(DC_Comics)" title="Thinker (DC Comics)">The Thinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Soldier_(DC_Comics)" title="Unknown Soldier (DC Comics)">Unknown Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(comics)" title="Vixen (comics)">Vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weasel_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weasel (DC Comics)">Weasel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brainiac_(character)" title="Brainiac (character)">Brainiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimstone_(DC_Comics)" title="Brimstone (DC Comics)">Brimstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkseid" title="Darkseid">Darkseid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipso" title="Eclipso">Eclipso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchantress_(DC_Comics)" title="Enchantress (DC Comics)">Enchantress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Wade_Eiling" title="General Wade Eiling">General Wade Eiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperiex" title="Imperiex">Imperiex</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobra_(DC_Comics)" title="Kobra (DC Comics)">Kobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Assassins" title="League of Assassins">League of Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunters_(DC_Comics)" title="Manhunters (DC Comics)">Manhunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eobard_Thawne" title="Eobard Thawne">Professor Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starro" title="Starro">Starro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Assault_on_Arkham" title="Batman: Assault on Arkham">Batman: Assault on Arkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad:_Hell_to_Pay" title="Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay">Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live-action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(2016_film)" title="Suicide Squad (2016 film)">Suicide Squad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Suicide_Squad" title="List of accolades received by Suicide Squad">accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(soundtrack)" title="Suicide Squad (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Suicide_Squad_(film)" title="The Suicide Squad (film)">The Suicide Squad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Suicide_Squad_(soundtrack)" title="The Suicide Squad (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Waller_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)">Amanda Waller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Harley Quinn (DC Extended Universe)">Harley Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacemaker_(DC_Extended_Universe)" title="Peacemaker (DC Extended Universe)">Christopher "Chris" Smith / Peacemaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad_Isekai" title="Suicide Squad Isekai">Suicide Squad Isekai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video game</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad:_Kill_the_Justice_League" title="Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League">Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_(comics)" title="Checkmate (comics)">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_Directive" title="Janus Directive">Janus Directive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/16px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/24px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Suicide_Squad" title="Category:Suicide Squad">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mortal_Kombat" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mortal_Kombat" title="Template:Mortal Kombat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mortal_Kombat" title="Template talk:Mortal Kombat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mortal_Kombat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mortal Kombat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mortal_Kombat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat" title="Mortal Kombat">Mortal Kombat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(1992_video_game)" title="Mortal Kombat (1992 video game)">Mortal Kombat</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_II" title="Mortal Kombat II">Mortal Kombat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_3" title="Mortal Kombat 3">Mortal Kombat 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Mortal_Kombat_3" title="Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3">Ultimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Trilogy" title="Mortal Kombat Trilogy">Trilogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Advance" title="Mortal Kombat Advance">Advance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_4" title="Mortal Kombat 4">Mortal Kombat 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Gold" title="Mortal Kombat Gold">Gold</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Deadly_Alliance" title="Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance">Deadly Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Deception" title="Mortal Kombat: Deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Armageddon" title="Mortal Kombat: Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_vs._DC_Universe" title="Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe">vs. DC Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(2011_video_game)" title="Mortal Kombat (2011 video game)">Mortal Kombat</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_X" title="Mortal Kombat X">Mortal Kombat X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_11" title="Mortal Kombat 11">Mortal Kombat 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_1" title="Mortal Kombat 1">Mortal Kombat 1</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Mythologies:_Sub-Zero" title="Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero">Mythologies: Sub-Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Special_Forces" title="Mortal Kombat: Special Forces">Special Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Shaolin_Monks" title="Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks">Shaolin Monks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Mobile" title="Mortal Kombat Mobile">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Onslaught" title="Mortal Kombat: Onslaught">Onslaught</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Arcade_Kollection" title="Mortal Kombat Arcade Kollection">Arcade Kollection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(film_series)" title="Mortal Kombat (film series)">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatrical films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(1995_film)" title="Mortal Kombat (1995 film)">Mortal Kombat</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Annihilation" title="Mortal Kombat Annihilation">Annihilation</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(2021_film)" title="Mortal Kombat (2021 film)">Mortal Kombat</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_2_(film)" title="Mortal Kombat 2 (film)">Mortal Kombat 2</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Legends:_Scorpion%27s_Revenge" title="Mortal Kombat Legends: Scorpion's Revenge">Scorpion's Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Legends:_Battle_of_the_Realms" title="Mortal Kombat Legends: Battle of the Realms">Battle of the Realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Legends:_Snow_Blind" title="Mortal Kombat Legends: Snow Blind">Snow Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Legends:_Cage_Match" title="Mortal Kombat Legends: Cage Match">Cage Match</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mortal_Kombat_media" title="List of Mortal Kombat media">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV / web series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Defenders_of_the_Realm" title="Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm">Defenders of the Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Conquest" title="Mortal Kombat: Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Rebirth" title="Mortal Kombat: Rebirth">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Legacy" title="Mortal Kombat: Legacy">Legacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mortal_Kombat:_Legacy_episodes" title="List of Mortal Kombat: Legacy episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_The_Album" title="Mortal Kombat: The Album">The Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(1995_soundtrack)" title="Mortal Kombat (1995 soundtrack)">Mortal Kombat</a> (1995 soundtrack)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(1995_score)" title="Mortal Kombat (1995 score)">Mortal Kombat</a> (1995 score)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_More_Kombat" title="Mortal Kombat: More Kombat">More Kombat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_Annihilation#Music" title="Mortal Kombat Annihilation">Annihilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Songs_Inspired_by_the_Warriors" title="Mortal Kombat: Songs Inspired by the Warriors">Songs Inspired by the Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(2021_soundtrack)" title="Mortal Kombat (2021 soundtrack)">Mortal Kombat</a> (2021 soundtrack)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat:_Live_Tour" title="Mortal Kombat: Live Tour">Live Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Battles" title="Epic Battles">Epic Battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_the_Mortal_Kombat_series" title="Characters of the Mortal Kombat series">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassie_Cage" title="Cassie Cage">Cassie Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermac" title="Ermac">Ermac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Jade (Mortal Kombat)">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jax_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Jax (Mortal Kombat)">Jax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cage" title="Johnny Cage">Johnny Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenshi_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Kenshi (Mortal Kombat)">Kenshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitana" title="Kitana">Kitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_Jin" title="Kung Jin">Kung Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_Lao" title="Kung Lao">Kung Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Kang" title="Liu Kang">Liu Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mileena" title="Mileena">Mileena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightwolf" title="Nightwolf">Nightwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiden_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Raiden (Mortal Kombat)">Raiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptile_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Reptile (Mortal Kombat)">Reptile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Scorpion (Mortal Kombat)">Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Tsung" title="Shang Tsung">Shang Tsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao_Kahn" title="Shao Kahn">Shao Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonya_Blade" title="Sonya Blade">Sonya Blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Zero_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)">Sub-Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_surrounding_Mortal_Kombat" title="Controversies surrounding Mortal Kombat">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatality_(Mortal_Kombat)" title="Fatality (Mortal Kombat)">Fatality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Midway Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetherRealm_Studios" title="NetherRealm Studios">NetherRealm Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injustice_(franchise)" title="Injustice (franchise)">Injustice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injustice:_Gods_Among_Us" title="Injustice: Gods Among Us">Gods Among Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injustice_2" title="Injustice 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Immortal_(21_Savage_song)" title="Immortal (21 Savage song)">Immortal</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mortal_Kombat" title="Category:Mortal Kombat">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Man_Who_Laughs_by_Victor_Hugo_(1869)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Man_Who_Laughs" title="Template:The Man Who Laughs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Man_Who_Laughs" title="Template talk:The Man Who Laughs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Man_Who_Laughs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Man Who Laughs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Man_Who_Laughs_by_Victor_Hugo_(1869)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs" title="The Man Who Laughs">The Man Who Laughs</a> by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> (1869)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Das_grinsende_Gesicht" title="Das grinsende Gesicht">Das grinsende Gesicht</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs_(1928_film)" title="The Man Who Laughs (1928 film)">The Man Who Laughs</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs_(1966_film)" title="The Man Who Laughs (1966 film)">The Man Who Laughs</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs_(2012_film)" title="The Man Who Laughs (2012 film)">The Man Who Laughs</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Laughing_Man_(short_story)" title="The Laughing Man (short story)">The Laughing Man</a>" (short story)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grinning_Man_(musical)" title="The Grinning Man (musical)">The Grinning Man</a> (musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs_(opera)" title="The Man Who Laughs (opera)">The Man Who Laughs</a> (opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprachicos" title="Comprachicos">Comprachicos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Dahlia_(film)" title="The Black Dahlia (film)">The Black Dahlia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217533#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217533#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217533#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135145970003632250258">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/321149233563176512211">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/983953/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1032193697">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2016158320">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169798471">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169798471">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2016906223&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810557024305606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007530046305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/198595484">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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Template:Cite_news"," 7.12% 177.033 1 Template:Navboxes"," 5.30% 131.870 2 Template:Short_description"," 4.60% 114.506 122 Template:Main_other"," 3.77% 93.887 1 Template:The_Joker"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.484","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9953680,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAcuna2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnders2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAnders2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArmitage2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBasore2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeresford2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBest2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoichel1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoucher2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoucher2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrettsRoush2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBricken2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuxton2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalamia2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarmona\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCavna2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChild2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChingSiegel2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCronin2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCronin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanceHay_Brown2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixonJuly_1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan_Smith2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEason2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsposito2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsposito2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsposito2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleisher1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFritz2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallagher2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein2005\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFGraell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrout2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGustines2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanerfeld1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHannley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolub2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFIskiev2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJean-Jacques\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFJolin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeane2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKit2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroll2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroner2012\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFLangley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLepore2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovece1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovece2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacek_III2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManning2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClintock2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMillan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelrose2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendelson2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMichael2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarcisse2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarcisse2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarcisse2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNolfi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNye_Griffiths2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neal2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOutlaw2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPallotta2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick2008\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatten2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearsonUricchio1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPedersen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerez2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2008\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolo2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreston\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuicksilver2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReilly2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRenaud2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuckaFebruary_2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSabin1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanderson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSava2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchedeen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchedeen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScheimerMangels2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeifert2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerafino2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerafino2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerafino2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSims2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSims2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSims2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSims2013\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSnyderDecember_2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrike2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuellentrop2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSusman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorne2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTollin1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUzumeri2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValdez2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWales2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatts2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinerPeaslee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhiteArp2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkins2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYang2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYehl2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFZalben2014\"] = 1,\n [\"Fictional_character_biography\"] = 1,\n [\"Last_Laugh\"] = 1,\n [\"Modern_age\"] = 1,\n [\"Various_origins\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 5,\n [\"All-Star Squadron\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Batgirl\"] = 1,\n [\"Batman characters\"] = 1,\n [\"Birds of Prey\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 3,\n [\"Catwoman\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite comic\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 45,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 116,\n [\"DCdatabase\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harley Quinn\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBNT\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox comics character\"] = 1,\n [\"Justice League characters\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Mortal Kombat\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Robin\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 88,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Suicide Squad\"] = 1,\n [\"The Joker\"] = 1,\n [\"The Man Who Laughs\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American 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