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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance 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href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:CreateAccount&returnto=%C3%9Dunanystan" title="Hasap döredip, hasaba girmegiňiz maslahat berilýär; ýöne, ol hökmany däl" class=""><span>Hasap döret</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:UserLogin&returnto=%C3%9Dunanystan" title="Hasaba girmegiňiz maslahat berilýär; ýöne, ol hökman däl [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasaba gir</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Has köp wariant" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Şahsy gurallar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mazmuny</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Başlangyç</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologiýa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologiýa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologiýa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologiýa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taryh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taryh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taryh</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taryh-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taryh subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taryh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beöň_3-nji_asyr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beöň_3-nji_asyr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beöň 3-nji asyr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beöň_3-nji_asyr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ellin_we_rim_döwri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ellin_we_rim_döwri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ellin we rim döwri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ellin_we_rim_döwri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orta_asyrlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orta_asyrlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Orta asyrlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orta_asyrlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osmanly_döwri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osmanly_döwri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Osmanly döwri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osmanly_döwri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XIX_asyr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XIX_asyr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>XIX asyr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XIX_asyr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XX_asyrdan_häzirki_güne_çenli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XX_asyrdan_häzirki_güne_çenli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>XX asyrdan häzirki güne çenli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XX_asyrdan_häzirki_güne_çenli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografiýa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografiýa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografiýa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografiýa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geografiýa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografiýa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Topografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Howa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Howa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Howa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Howa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derýalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derýalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Derýalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derýalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Köller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Köller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Köller</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Köller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minerallary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minerallary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Minerallary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minerallary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tebigat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tebigat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Tebigat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tebigat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolandyryş_bölümi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolandyryş_bölümi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Dolandyryş bölümi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolandyryş_bölümi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syýasy_ulgam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syýasy_ulgam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Syýasy ulgam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syýasy_ulgam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Syýasy ulgam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Syýasy_ulgam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kanun_çykaryjylyk_güýji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanun_çykaryjylyk_güýji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kanun çykaryjylyk güýji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanun_çykaryjylyk_güýji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazyýet_güýji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazyýet_güýji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kazyýet güýji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazyýet_güýji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daşary_syýasat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daşary_syýasat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Daşary syýasat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daşary_syýasat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harby_güýçler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harby_güýçler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Harby güýçler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harby_güýçler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ykdysadyýet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ykdysadyýet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ykdysadyýet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ykdysadyýet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ykdysadyýet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ykdysadyýet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europeanewropa_Bileleşigine_girmek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europeanewropa_Bileleşigine_girmek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Europeanewropa Bileleşigine girmek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europeanewropa_Bileleşigine_girmek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deňiz_senagaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deňiz_senagaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Deňiz senagaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deňiz_senagaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medeniýet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medeniýet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Medeniýet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medeniýet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medeniýet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medeniýet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Binagärlik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binagärlik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Binagärlik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binagärlik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teatr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teatr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Teatr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teatr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aşhana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aşhana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Aşhana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aşhana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofiýa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofiýa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Filosofiýa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofiýa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edebiýat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edebiýat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Edebiýat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edebiýat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Saz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mazmuny" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mazmuny" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mazmunyň tablisasyny üýtgediň" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mazmunyň tablisasyny üýtgediň</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ýunanystan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 291 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-291" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">291 Dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Бырзентәыла – abhaz dili" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Бырзентәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhaz dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – açeh dili" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="açeh dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Урымые – adygeý dili" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урымые" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland – afrikaans dili" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Griekeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechenland" title="Griechenland – nemes dili (Şweýsariýa)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Griechenland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemes dili (Şweýsariýa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD_(%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD)" title="ግሪክ (አገር) – amhar dili" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግሪክ (አገር)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – aragon dili" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecland" title="Grecland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Grecland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giris" title="Giris – obolo dili" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Giris" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रीस – angika dili" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ग्रीस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليونان – arap dili" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليونان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arap dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%A2" title="ܝܘܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܘܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ليونان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليونان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليونان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليونان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – asturiý dili" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Герек – awar dili" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Герек" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="awar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellasa" title="Ellasa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ellasa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="यूनान – awadhi dili" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="यूनान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisya" title="Grisya – aýmara dili" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Grisya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aýmara dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan%C4%B1stan" title="Yunanıstan – azerbaýjan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yunanıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaýjan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یونان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Юнанстан – başgyrt dili" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Юнанстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="başgyrt dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – baliý dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griachaland" title="Griachaland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Griachaland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graik%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Graikėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Graikėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorik" title="Gorik – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Gorik" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gresya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Грэцыя – belarus dili" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Грэцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грэцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гърция – bolgar dili" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гърция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="यूनान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यूनान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gris" title="Gris – bislama dili" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gris" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဂရိခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂရိခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%9Br%C9%9Bsi" title="Gɛrɛsi – bamana" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Gɛrɛsi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bamana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="গ্রিস – bengal dili" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀེ་རི་སི། – tibet dili" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀེ་རི་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B8" title="গ্রীস – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গ্রীস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gres_(bro)" title="Gres (bro) – breton dili" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gres (bro)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka – bosniýa dili" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grčka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniýa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Греци – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Греци" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia – katalan dili" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grècia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AD-l%C3%A9-n%C3%A0%CC%A4" title="Hĭ-lé-nà̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-lé-nà̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Желтойчоь – çeçen dili" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Желтойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçen dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya – sebuan dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gresya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – çamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="çamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AA%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%AF" title="ᎪᎢᎯ – çeroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎪᎢᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="çeroki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یۆنان – merkezi kürt dili" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یۆنان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="merkezi kürt dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – korsikan dili" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yunanistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98ecko" title="Řecko – çeh dili" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řecko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çeh dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greck%C3%B4" title="Greckô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Greckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Грьци – buthana slaw dili" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Грьци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="buthana slaw dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Греци – çuwaş dili" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Греци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuwaş dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlad_Groeg" title="Gwlad Groeg – walliý dili" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlad Groeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walliý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6kenland" title="Grækenland – daniýa dili" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grækenland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniýa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechenland" title="Griechenland – nemes dili" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Griechenland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemes dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan%C4%B1stan" title="Yunanıstan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yunanıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grichiska" title="Grichiska – aşaky lužits dili" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Grichiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="aşaky lužits dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रीस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ग्रीस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%94%DE%AB%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ޔޫނާން – diwehi dili" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޔޫނާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="diwehi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BE%80%E0%BD%A6" title="གྲྀས – dzong-ke dili" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="གྲྀས" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzong-ke dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – ewe dili" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Ελλάδα – grek dili" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελλάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia" title="Grécia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Grécia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – iňlis dili" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="iňlis dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekio" title="Grekio – esperanto dili" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grekio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – ispan dili" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka – eston dili" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kreeka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia – bask dili" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grezia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان – pars dili" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pars dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan" title="Yunan – fula dili" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Yunan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreikka" title="Kreikka – fin dili" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kreeka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikkaland" title="Grikkaland – farer dili" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Grikkaland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farer dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce" title="Grèce – fransuz dili" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grèce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuz dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8%C3%A7a" title="Grèça – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Grèça" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekenlun" title="Grekenlun – demirgazyk friz dili" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Grekenlun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="demirgazyk friz dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecie" title="Grecie – friul dili" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Grecie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friul dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikel%C3%A2n" title="Grikelân – günbatar friz dili" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grikelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="günbatar friz dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghr%C3%A9ig" title="An Ghréig – irland dili" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghréig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gre%C8%9Biya" title="Grețiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Grețiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="希臘 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="希臘" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s" title="Grès – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Grès" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Ghr%C3%A8ig" title="A' Ghrèig – şotland kelt dili" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Ghrèig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="şotland kelt dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – galisiý dili" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یۊنان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="یۊنان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyr%C3%A9sia" title="Gyrésia – guarani dili" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gyrésia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रीस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ग्रीस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B8" title="ગ્રીસ – gujarati dili" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગ્રીસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghreag" title="Yn Ghreag – men dili" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghreag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girka_(%C6%99asa)" title="Girka (ƙasa) – hausa dili" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Girka (ƙasa)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AE-lia%CC%8Dp" title="Hî-lia̍p – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hî-lia̍p" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene" title="Helene – gawaý dili" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Helene" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="gawaý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יוון – ýewreý dili" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ýewreý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="यूनान – hindi dili" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka – horwat dili" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grčka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horwat dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grjekska" title="Grjekska – ýokarky lužits dili" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Grjekska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ýokarky lužits dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s" title="Grès – gaiti kreol dili" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Grès" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaiti kreol dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%B6gorsz%C3%A1g" title="Görögország – wenger dili" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Görögország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="wenger dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հունաստան – ermeni dili" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հունաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermeni dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Յունաստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Յունաստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – interlingwa dili" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingwa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerika" title="Gerika – iban dili" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gerika" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – indonez dili" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – interlingwe dili" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingwe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – igbo dili" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresia" title="Gresia – iloko dili" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gresia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Янехье – inguş dili" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Янехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguş dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekia" title="Grekia – ido dili" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grekia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikkland" title="Grikkland – island dili" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grikkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – italýan dili" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italýan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3" title="ギリシャ – ýapon dili" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギリシャ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ýapon dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griis" title="Griis – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Griis" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xesygu%27e" title="xesygu'e – lojban dili" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xesygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikenlan" title="Grikenlan – ýawa dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Grikenlan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ýawa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საბერძნეთი – gruzin dili" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საბერძნეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greciya" title="Greciya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Greciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legrig" title="Legrig – kabil dili" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Legrig" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Алыджей – kabardin dili" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Алыджей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C9%9Bs%C9%A9" title="Krɛsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Krɛsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helat" title="Helat – tiap dili" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Helat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tiap dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelesi" title="Gelesi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Gelesi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiriki" title="Ngiriki – kikuýu dili" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ngiriki" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuýu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грекия – gazak dili" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грекия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="gazak dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="ក្រិក – khmer dili" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្រិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗ್ರೀಸ್ – kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರೀಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="그리스 – koreý dili" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Эллада – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эллада" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греция – karaçaý-balkar dili" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Греция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaçaý-balkar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان – kaşmiri dili" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="یونان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaşmiri dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jrihscheland" title="Jrihscheland – keln dili" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jrihscheland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="keln dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yewnanistan" title="Yewnanistan – kürt dili" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yewnanistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kürt dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Эллада – komi dili" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эллада" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Grek" title="Pow Grek – korn dili" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Grek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graecia" title="Graecia – latyn dili" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Graecia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latyn dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresia" title="Gresia – ladino dili" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gresia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griicheland" title="Griicheland – lýuksemburg dili" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Griicheland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lýuksemburg dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греция – lezgin dili" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Греция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elas" title="Elas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Elas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyonaani" title="Buyonaani – ganda dili" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Buyonaani" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland – limburg dili" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Griekeland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%AAcia" title="Grêcia – ligur dili" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Grêcia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligur dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – lombard dili" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresi" title="Gresi – lingala dili" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gresi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81" title="ປະເທດເກຣັກ – laos dili" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເກຣັກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graikija" title="Graikija – litwa dili" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Graikija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litwa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekeja" title="Grekeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Grekeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grie%C4%B7ija" title="Grieķija – latyş dili" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grieķija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latyş dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – madur dili" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madur dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रीस – maýthili dili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ग्रीस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maýthili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Грекмастор – mokşa dili" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Грекмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokşa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisy" title="Grisy – malagasiý dili" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Grisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Греций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Греций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirihi" title="Kirihi – maori dili" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kirihi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – minangkabau dili" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Грција – makedon dili" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്രീസ് – malaýalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaýalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Грек – mongol dili" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Грек" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ – manipuri dili" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रीस – marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रीस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – malaý dili" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gre%C4%8Bja" title="Greċja – malta dili" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Greċja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia" title="Grécia – mirand dili" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Grécia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirand dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂရိနိုင်ငံ – birma dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရိနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Греция Мастор – erzýan dili" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Греция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzýan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان – mazanderan dili" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یونان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – neapolitan dili" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekenland" title="Grekenland – aşaky nemes dili" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grekenland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="aşaky nemes dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekenlaand" title="Griekenlaand – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Griekenlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रिस – nepal dili" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्रिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रीस – newari dili" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ग्रीस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland – niderland dili" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Griekenland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas – norwegiýa nýunorsk dili" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hellas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norwegiýa nýunorsk dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas – norwegiýa bukmol dili" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hellas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norwegiýa bukmol dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekia" title="Grekia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Grekia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%AAce" title="Grêce – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Grêce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – demirgazyk soto dili" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="demirgazyk soto dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahojiy%C3%A1anii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dahojiyáanii Bikéyah – nawaho dili" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dahojiyáanii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="nawaho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – nýanja dili" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nýanja dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia – oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grècia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretsii" title="Gretsii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gretsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giriik" title="Giriik – oromo dili" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Giriik" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Грекъ – osetin dili" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грекъ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਯੂਨਾਨ – penjab dili" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਨਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="penjab dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresia" title="Gresia – pangansinan dili" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Gresia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangansinan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya – kapampangan dili" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gresya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="kapampangan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresia" title="Gresia – papýamento dili" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gresia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papýamento dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8che" title="Grèche – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Grèche" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechenlen" title="Griechenlen – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Griechenlen" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="ग्रीस (यूनान) – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ग्रीस (यूनान)" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecja" title="Grecja – polýak dili" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grecja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polýak dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Ελλάδα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ελλάδα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="يونان – peştun dili" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يونان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="peştun dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia" title="Grécia – portugal dili" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grécia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugal dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinusuyu" title="Ilinusuyu – keçua dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ilinusuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçua dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia – retoroman dili" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Grezia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoroman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelenistan" title="Yelenistan – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Yelenistan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubugiriki" title="Ubugiriki – rundi dili" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubugiriki" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – rumyn dili" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumyn dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A3rtsii" title="Gãrtsii – arumyn dili" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gãrtsii" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumyn dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecie" title="Grecie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Grecie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греция – rus dili" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Греция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґреція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґреція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubugereki" title="Ubugereki – kinýaruanda dili" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubugereki" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinýaruanda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="यवनदेशः – sanskrit dili" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यवनदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греция – ýakut dili" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Греция" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ýakut dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ – santali dili" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ghia" title="Grèghia – sardin dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Grèghia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia – sisiliýa dili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grecia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sisiliýa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – şotland dili" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="şotland dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="يونان – sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يونان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greika" title="Greika – demirgazyk saam dili" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Greika" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="demirgazyk saam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grčka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayunan" title="Ayunan – tahelhit dili" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ayunan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelhit dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၵရိတ်ႈ – şan dili" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵရိတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="şan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ග්‍රීසිය – singal dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ග්‍රීසිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cko" title="Grécko – slowak dili" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grécko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slowak dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="یونان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dija" title="Grčija – slowen dili" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slowen dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleni" title="Eleni – samoa dili" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Eleni" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreikka" title="Kreikka – inari-saam dili" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kreikka" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari-saam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vugiriki" title="Vugiriki – şona dili" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vugiriki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="şona dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giriiga" title="Giriiga – somali dili" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Giriiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greqia" title="Greqia – alban dili" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Greqia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грчка – serb dili" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грчка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikikondre" title="Grikikondre – sranan-tongo dili" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Grikikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan-tongo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGrikhi" title="IGrikhi – swati dili" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IGrikhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechenlound" title="Griechenlound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Griechenlound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani – sundan dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yunani" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland – şwed dili" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grekland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="şwed dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugiriki" title="Ugiriki – suahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ugiriki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecyj%C5%8F" title="Grecyjŏ – silez dili" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Grecyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silez dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81)" title="கிரேக்கம் (நாடு) – tamil dili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரேக்கம் (நாடு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="గ్రీస్ – telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రీస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9sia" title="Grésia – tetum dili" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Grésia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Юнон – täjik dili" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Юнон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="täjik dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B" title="ประเทศกรีซ – taý dili" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศกรีซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD" title="ግሪክ – tigrinýa dili" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ግሪክ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinýa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gresya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junanyston" title="Junanyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Junanyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisi" title="Kalisi – tongan dili" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kalisi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gris" title="Gris – tok-pisin dili" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Gris" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok-pisin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan – türk dili" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yunanistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türk dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – taroko dili" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – tsonga dili" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греция – tatar dili" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Греция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece – tumbuka dili" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Greece" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hela" title="Hela – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Hela" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греция – udmurt dili" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Греция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گرېتسىيە – uýgur dili" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گرېتسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uýgur dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Греція – ukrain dili" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Греція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretsiya" title="Gretsiya – özbek dili" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gretsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="özbek dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresa" title="Gresa – wenesian dili" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gresa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="wenesian dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekanma" title="Grekanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Grekanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy_L%E1%BA%A1p" title="Hy Lạp – wýetnam dili" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hy Lạp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wýetnam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieknland" title="Grieknland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Grieknland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grik%C3%A4n" title="Grikän – wolapýuk dili" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Grikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="wolapýuk dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grece" title="Grece – wallon dili" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Grece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya – waraý dili" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gresya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girees" title="Girees – wolof dili" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Girees" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊 – u hytaý dili" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希腊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="u hytaý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisi" title="Grisi – kosa dili" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Grisi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kosa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საბერძნეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საბერძნეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="גריכנלאנד – idiş dili" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גריכנלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiş dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%ADr%C3%AD%C3%ACs%C3%AC" title="Gíríìsì – ýoruba dili" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gíríìsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ýoruba dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihla" title="Sihla – çžuan dili" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sihla" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="çžuan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griek%27nland" title="Griek'nland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Griek'nland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%BD" title="ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽ – standart Marokko tamazight dili" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standart Marokko tamazight dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊 – hytaý dili" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希腊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hytaý dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="希臘 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="希臘" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-lia%CC%8Dp" title="Hi-lia̍p – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hi-lia̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="希臘 – kanton dili" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希臘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGreki" title="IGreki – zulu dili" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IGreki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dilara baglary 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<tbody><tr> <td align="center" width="140px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/125px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/188px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/250px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" width="140px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="286" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="140px">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_%C3%9Dunanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Ýunanistan (sahypa ýok)">baýdagy</a>) </td> <td align="center" width="140px">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%9Dunanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of Arms of Ýunanistan (sahypa ýok)">Gerbi</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><small> </small></td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:EU-Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Greece.svg/300px-EU-Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Greece.svg/450px-EU-Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Greece.svg/600px-EU-Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Paýtagt</b> we iň uly şäher: <a href="/wiki/Atina" title="Atina">Atina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Resmi diller</b>: <a href="/wiki/Grek_dili" title="Grek dili">Grek dili</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Meýdany</b> <ul><li>Umumy: 131,957 km2+</li> <li>Suw (%): 0,87</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ilaty</b> <ul><li>2021 takmynan ilat: 10.682.547</li> <li>2011-nji ýylyň ilat ýazuwy: 10.816.286</li> <li>Dykyzlygy: 82/km<sup>2</sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>JIÖ</b> <ul><li>Umumy: 325,3 milliard dollar</li> <li>Adam başyna: 30,495 dollar</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ýunanystan</b> ýa-da <b>Gresiýa</b> (grekçe: Ελλάδα [eˈlaða]), resmi taýdan Ellin respublikasy (grekçe: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikî Dīmokratía) Günorta Ýewropada ýerleşýän ýurt. Paýtagty we iň uly şäheri Afiny, ikinji uly şäheri bolsa Saloniki, Merkezi Makedoniýa sebitiniň umumy paýtagty. 2011-nji ýylyň ilat ýazuwyna görä, Gresiýanyň ilaty takmynan 11 million adam. </p><p>Gresiýa demirgazyk-günbatarda Albaniýa, Demirgazyk Makedoniýa we Bolgariýa, gündogarda Türkiýe bilen gury ýer serhetlerini paýlaşýar. Ýurt günbatarda Ion deňzi, günortada Ortaýer deňzi we gündogarda Egeý deňzi bilen gurşalandyr. Gresiýada Krit, Dodekan, Siklad we Ion adalary ýaly köp sanly ada bar. </p><p>Gresiýanyň meýdany daglyk, meýdanynyň takmynan 80% -i daglardan ybarat. Iň beýik depesi 2917 metr bolan Olimp dagydyr. Gresiýanyň baý taryhy bar we filosofiýa, edebiýata, sungata we syýasata ep-esli täsirini göz öňünde tutup, Günbatar siwilizasiýasynyň bäşligi diýilýär. </p><p>Ýurt ajaýyp landşaftlary, gadymy harabalyklary we medeni mirasy bilen tanalýar. Yssy we gurak tomus, yssy we ýagyşly gyşlar bilen Ortaýer deňziniň howasy bar. Gresiýa Ýewropa Bileleşiginiň we Birleşen Milletler Guramasynyň agzasy. </p><p>Häzirki zaman Gresiýa, kökleri bilen, Günbatar siwilizasiýasynyň bäşligi hasaplanýan Gadymy Gresiýanyň siwilizasiýasyndan başlaýar. Demokratiýa, Gündogar pelsepesi, Olimpiýa oýunlary, Gündogar edebiýaty we pelsepesi, Olimpiýa oýunlary, Gündogar edebiýaty we taryhy, şäher meýilnamasy, esasy ylmy we matematiki ýörelgeler we gadymy teatr goşantlary bilen tanalýar. Bu medeni miras, UNESCO-nyň Bütindünýä mirasynyň sanawynda ýerleşýän 17 ýadygärligiň üsti bilen görnükli görkezilýär we bu görkeziji boýunça Gresiýa dünýäde 13-nji we Ýewropada 7-nji boldy. </p><p>Häzirki Gresiýa 1830-njy ýylda Gresiýanyň Garaşsyzlyk söweşinden soň döredilip, Ýewropa güýçleriniň kömegi bilen ýurt Osmanly dolandyryşyndan aýrylyp, Gresiýanyň dolandyryşy astynda garaşsyz konstitusion monarhiýa öwrüldi. 1981-nji ýylda Ýewropa Bileleşiginiň agzasy bolan Gresiýa, 2001-nji ýyldan bäri ozewro zonasynyň agzasy. NATO-nyň agzasy we Ortaýer deňzi üçin bileleşigiň esaslandyryjy agzasy. Gresiýa ýokary durmuş derejesi we baý medeni mirasy bilen ykdysady we durmuş taýdan ösüş gazandy. Bütindünýä bankynyň 2010-njy ýyldaky maglumatlaryna görä, durmuş derejesi boýunça Gresiýa dünýäde 21-nji ýerde durýar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologiýa"><span id="Etimologi.C3.BDa"></span>Etimologiýa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bölümi düzet: Etimologiýa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologiýa"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ýurduň adynyň etimologiýasy Kiçi Aziýa üçin gadymy grek ady Ionia, şeýle hem Egeý deňziniň günbatar bölegi we goňşy adalary öz içine alýar. Hunlar öz ýurduna Hellas (ýa-da Ellada) diýdiler, bu bolsa 'Ellinleriň ýurdy' diýmekdir. Bu kesgitlemäniň kökleri grekleriň medeni giňeliş döwründe (takmynan 8-6-njy asyrlar) ýüze çykypdyr. Gresiýanyň däp-dessuryna görä, ol Deukalionyň ogly gahryman Helleniň neslinden. </p><p>Rimliler gadymy grekleri <i>'Graeci'</i> diýip atlandyrypdyrlar. Ilkibaşda bu at diňe Italiýanyň demirgazygyndaky ýerli halka degişlidigine garamazdan, soňra gadymy grekleriň nesilleriniň ýaşaýan Ýewropasynyň käbir ýerlerinde giňden ulanylypdyr. Gresiýa latyn dilinde <i>Graecia</i>, fransuz dilinde <i>Gres</i>, iňlis dilinde <i>Greece</i>, nemes dilinde <i>Griechenland</i> we rus dilinde <i>Греция (Gretsiýa)</i> diýilýär. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taryh">Taryh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bölümi düzet: Taryh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Taryh"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beöň_3-nji_asyr"><span id="Be.C3.B6.C5.88_3-nji_asyr"></span>Beöň 3-nji asyr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bölümi düzet: Beöň 3-nji asyr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Beöň 3-nji asyr"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png/220px-Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png/330px-Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png/440px-Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýanyň we Gresiýanyň koloniýalaryny görkezýän karta.</figcaption></figure> <p>Balkanlardaky iň gadymy ilatly ýerler takmynan 270,000 ýyl ozal başlaýar. Bular Demirgazyk Gresiýanyň Makedoniýa sebitindäki Petrana gowagynda tapyldy. Miladydan öňki 7-nji müňýyllykda häzirki Gresiýada ýüze çykarylan täze daş asyry şäherçeleri Ýewropanyň iň gadymy oturymly ýerleri hasaplanýar. Gresiýa Ýakyn Gündogardan Ýewropada ýaýran oba hojalygy medeniýetleriniň çatrygynda ýerleşýändigi sebäpli bellärliklidir. </p><p>Gresiýa ilkinji Ýewropa siwilizasiýalarynyň doglan ýeri; bulara Egeý adalarynda siklad siwilizasiýasy (be ö 32 3200-nji ýyl), Kritdäki minoý siwilizasiýasy (miladydan öňki 2700-1500-nji ýyllar), soňra bolsa materikdäki Mikenaý siwilizasiýasy degişlidir (miladydan öňki 1900-1100). Bu siwilizasiýalaryň öz ýazuw ulgamlary bardy; Minoýlylar “Linear A” bilen, “Mikenaýlylar” “Linear B” bilen ýazypdyrlar, soň bolsa grek diline öwrülipdir. Mikenaý siwilizasiýasy kem-kemden Minoý siwilizasiýasy tarapyndan siňipdir, ýöne B.C. 1200 töweregi, bürünç asyry diýilýän çökgünlik döwründe bu siwilizasiýa hem ýitip gitdi. Bu, grek garaňky asyrlary diýlip atlandyrylýan başlangyçdy, ýazuw ýazgylary ýokdy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/220px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/330px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/440px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Afiny akropolyndaky Parthenon nusgawy Gresiýanyň nyşany hasaplanýar</figcaption></figure> <p>Ellinçilik döwrüniň ahyry biziň eramyzdan öňki 776-njy ýylda, ilkinji Olimpiýa oýunlary geçirilende kabul edildi [22]. Günbatar edebiýatynyň esasy eserleri hasaplanýan 'Iliad' we 'Odisseý' eposlary Gomer tarapyndan beöň 8-nji ýa-da VII asyrda döredilipdir. Ellinçilik döwründen soň Gara deňze, Günorta Italiýa we Kiçi Aziýa çenli uzalyp gidýän Ellin adalarynda dürli patyşalyklar we şäher döwletleri ýüze çykypdyr. Bu patyşalyklar we gazanylan üstünlikler häzirki wagtda Gresiýa diýlip atlandyrylýan sebitde ýokary siwilizasiýa goşant goşdy. Gadymy Gresiýada binagärlik, walýuta, pelsepe, matematika we pelsepe ugurlarynda ep-esli öňegidişlikler gazanyp, üstünlikleriň iň ýokary derejesine ýetildi. Miladydan öňki 508-nji ýylda Afinyda Kleýsteniň ýolbaşçylygynda dünýäde ilkinji demokratik ulgam döredilipdir. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg/220px-Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg/330px-Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg/440px-Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="2213" /></a><figcaption>Bucephalus atly atynda Aleksandr Makedonskini şekillendirýän Aleksandr mozaikasynyň bölegi</figcaption></figure> <p>B.C. 5-nji asyryň başynda Makedoniýa, Wawilon, Lidiýa, Gresiýa we Müsür ýaly tutuş Gündogar Ortaýer deňzi Pars hökümdarlygy astyndady we bu döwür Pars imperiýasynyň Gresiýanyň şäher-döwletlerine hökümdarlygyny giňeltjek bolýan döwri boldy. Anadolydaky şäher döwletleri pars basyşyna garşy durup bilmedi we şol şertnama boýun egdi. Şeýle-de bolsa, B.C. 492-nji ýylda geçirilen Marafon söweşinde ýeňiş gazanylandan soň, Pars materigi Gresiýany basyp almaga synanyşdy, ýöne grekleriň ýolbaşçylygyndaky garşylyklaýyn hüjüm netijesinde yza çekilmäge mejbur boldy. Ikinji çozuş B.C. 480-nji ýylda başlandy. Termopila ýaly söweşlerde gahrymançylykly garşylyk, gahrymanlara dönüklik we beýleki gahrymançylykly tagallalara garamazdan, Pars Gresiýanyň materiginde agalyk etmegi başarypdy. B.C. 431-404-nji ýyllarda Gadymy Gresiýada raýat urşy bolan Peloponnes söweşi Afiny ligasynyň ýeňilmegi bilen tamamlandy. Batyr goranyşa garamazdan, Afiny şertnamanyň berk şertlerine boýun egmäge mejbur boldy. Ikinji basybalyşyň başlangyjy B.C. Bu 480-nji ýylda bolup geçdi. Termopila ýaly söweşlerde gahrymançylykly garşylyk, gahrymanlara dönüklik we beýleki gahrymançylykly tagallalara garamazdan, Pars Gresiýanyň materiginde agalyk etmegi başarypdy. B.C. 431-404-nji ýyllarda Gadymy Gresiýada raýat urşy bolan Peloponnes söweşi Afiny ligasynyň ýeňilmegi bilen tamamlandy. Batyr goranyşa garamazdan, Afiny şertnamanyň berk şertlerine boýun egmäge mejbur boldy. Ikinji basybalyşyň başlangyjy B.C. Bu 480-nji ýylda bolup geçdi. Termopila ýaly söweşlerde gahrymançylykly garşylyk, gahrymanlara dönüklik we beýleki gahrymançylykly tagallalara garamazdan, Pars Gresiýanyň materiginde agalyk etmegi başarypdy. B.C. 431-404-nji ýyllarda Gadymy Gresiýada raýat urşy bolan Peloponnes söweşi Afiny ligasynyň ýeňilmegi bilen tamamlandy. Batyr goranyşa garamazdan, Afiny şertnamanyň berk şertlerine boýun egmäge mejbur boldy. Bu dawa Gadymy Gresiýanyň pese gaçmagynyň başlangyjy boldy we Afiny esasan Gresiýanyň materiginden çykmaga mejbur etdi. Peloponnes söweşi diýlip atlandyrylýan bu dawa B.C. 431-nji ýylda başlandy. Sparta, Pars we beýleki ýaranlaryň bileleşigine garamazdan, Afiny Salamis, Plataea we Mikale söweşlerinde çykyş etmegi başardy. Şeýle-de bolsa, Termopila söweşinden soň Sparta we Afiny Thebesden çykmaga mejbur boldular. Soň bolsa, Korintos ligasyny (Ellin ligasy ýa-da Korintos ligasy diýlip hem atlandyrylýar) döretmek üçin şäher-döwletleri birleşdirip, olaryň lideri Makedoniýanyň şasy Aleksandr II boldy. Ol Filipdi. Taryhda ähli Gresiýanyň baştutany hökmünde saýlanan ilkinji adamdy. </p><p>Filip II öldürilenden soň, ogly Aleksandr Makedonskiý ähli grek şäher-döwletlerini birleşdirýän Korintos ligasyna ýolbaşçylyk etdi we ähli Gresiýanyň şäher-döwletlerini birleşdiren Korintos ligasynyň ýolbaşçysy boldy. 334-nji ýylda Pars imperiýasyny basyp almak üçin kampaniýa başlady. B.C. 330-njy ýylda Granikusyň, Issusyň we Gaugamelanyň ýeňişleri onuň dolandyryşyny Gresiýadan Müsüre çenli uzaltdy. B.C. 330-njy ýylda Granikusda, Issusda we Gaugamelada gazanan ýeňişlerinden soň Susa we Persepolisi (Pars imperiýasynyň paýtagtlary) basyp aldy. Aleksandr Makedonskiý Arap ýarym adasyna we ozal näbelli sebitlere baryp, imperiýasyny giňeltmegi dowam etdirdi. Şeýle-de bolsa, B.C. 323-nji ýylda aradan çykmagy diňe bir özüniň uly maksatnamasyny durmuşa geçirmegine päsgel bermän, içerki dawa-jenjeliň we imperiýasynyň dargamagyna sebäp boldy. Bu bölünişik Selewkiler imperiýasy we Ptolemeý Müsür ýaly birnäçe patyşalygy döretdi. Bölünmegine garamazdan, Ellinçilik medeniýeti we täsiri birnäçe asyrlap dowam edip, Hindi subkontinentinde we Günorta-Gündogar Aziýada Ellin Patyşalyklaryny emele getirip we olara täsir edipdir. Aleksandr Makedonskiý imperiýasynyň uzak dowam etmändigine we syýasy agzybirligiň ýoklugyna garamazdan, azyndan iki asyr dowam eden ellinistik täsir Ellin siwilizasiýasynyň we sungatynyň ösmegine uly täsir edipdir. Aleksandr Makedonskiý imperiýasynyň pese gaçmagyna we syýasy agzybirligiň ýoklugyna garamazdan, ellinçilik täsiri ellinistik siwilizasiýanyň, sungatyň we syýasy ösüşleriň täsir eden sebitlerine uzak wagtlap täsir edipdir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ellin_we_rim_döwri"><span id="Ellin_we_rim_d.C3.B6wri"></span>Ellin we rim döwri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bölümi düzet: Ellin we rim döwri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ellin we rim döwri"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Antikythera_Mechanissem_w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antikythera_Mechanissem_w.jpg/220px-Antikythera_Mechanissem_w.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antikythera_Mechanissem_w.jpg/330px-Antikythera_Mechanissem_w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antikythera_Mechanissem_w.jpg/440px-Antikythera_Mechanissem_w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption>Antikiteriň enjamy</figcaption></figure> <p>Aleksandr ölenden soň, ellinçilik döwri möhüm wakalara şaýat bolupdyr. B.C. Takmynan 276-njy ýylda Makedoniýa we Gresiýanyň şäher-döwletleri Antigonus II Gonatasyň gol astyndady, kakasy Antigonus I, Aleksandr Makedonskiniň ynamdar generaly. Soňra B.C. 200-nji ýyldan başlap, Rim konfliktleri ara alyp maslahatlaşmakda we makedonlylara garşy has agressiw hereketler etmekde has işjeňleşdi. B.C. 168-nji ýylda Pidna söweşi Makedoniýanyň güýjüniň soňuna çykdy we Ortaýer deňzinde Rimiň agalygyny döretdi. Netijede, Makedoniýanyň Rim bilen birleşmegi B.C. 146-njy ýylda welaýata öwrüldi. Ellinçilik döwrüniň galan galyndylary miladydan öňki 1000-nji ýylda Awgustyň Rimiň hökümdary hökmündäki döwrüne degişlidir. Rim basybalyjylygynyň miladydan öňki 27-nji ýylda Kleopatranyň wekili bolan Müsüriň Ellinistik Patyşalygynyň anneksiýa edilmegi bilen tamamlanandygyny görüpdir. Harby kuwwatyna garamazdan, makedonlylar ellin bilimlerinden we tehnologiýasyndan has ýokary bolan rimliler bilen duşuşypdyr we bu döwürde Rimiň medeni we tehnologiki ösüşine goşant goşup, olary işjeň özleşdiripdir. Horatius muny bu kontekstde 'Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit' (Gresiýany basyp aldy, wagşy basybalyjyny basyp aldy) hökmünde beýan etdi. Ellinçilik bilimleri we tehnologiýa bu döwürde Rim respublikasynyň ösüşine uly täsir edipdir we goşant goşupdyr. </p><p>Ellinistik Gündogaryň grek dilli jemgyýetleri birinji ýa-da üçünji asyrlarda hristiançylygyň ýaýramagynda möhüm rol oýnapdyr. Irki hristian ýolbaşçylary we ruhanylar (olaryň arasynda Resul Pawlus) köplenç grek dilinde gürleýärdi, ýöne olaryň hiç biri-de grek däldi. Şeýle-de bolsa, Gresiýa irki hristiançylygyň täsirli merkezlerinden biri bolupdyr, sebäbi filosofiýa mekdebiniň özgertmesi hasaplanyp bilinjek ýokary ylmy grekleriň arasynda imany ornaşdyrmak kyndy. Gresiýada 4-nji asyra çenli butparazlygyň dowam edendigi we günorta-gündogar Peloponnese ýaly käbir ýerlerde butparazlygyň X asyrda dowam edendigi geň däldir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orta_asyrlar">Orta asyrlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bölümi düzet: Orta asyrlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Orta asyrlar"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif/250px-Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif/330px-Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif/500px-Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýa ýarym adasy Wizantiýa imperiýasynyň bir böleginiň bir bölegidi</figcaption></figure> <p>V asyrda Rim imperiýasy dargansoň, 1453-nji ýyla çenli bar bolan Wizantiýa şäheri Konstantinopol hökmünde tanalýar. Wizantiýanyň paýtagty Konstantinopol bolup, dil we medeniýet esasan greklerdi. Hristiançylyk agdyklyk edýän din bolup, Wizantiýa imperiýasy hristiançylygyň daýanjy bolup hyzmat edipdir. 4-nji asyrda Wizantiýa imperiýasynyň kenarýaka sebitleri, şol sanda Gündogar Anadoly wagşyçylyklara sezewar edilipdi. IV we V asyrlarda gotleriň we hunlaryň çozuşlary, şeýle hem 7-nji asyrda slawýanlaryň çozuşlary we çozuşlary Günbatar welaýatlarynda Wizantiýanyň häkimiýetiniň pese gaçmagyna sebäp bolupdyr. Slawýan çozuşlaryndan soň Wizantiýa paýtagtynyň Gresiýa adalaryna we kenarýaka sebitlerine administratiw gözegçiligi ep-esli azaldy. Slawýan çozuşlary Aetoliýa, Korintos we Salona ýaly sebitleri goşmak bilen Balkanlarda Wizantiýanyň täsiriniň peselmegine sebäp boldy. </p><p>8-nji asyryň başynda Wizantiýa imperiýasy öz territoriýasyndaky özbaşdaklygyny gaýtadan dikeltmegi başardy. IX asyrda ellin dilli ilatyň ep-esli bölegi Sisiliýadan we Kiçi Aziýadan Gresiýa adalaryna çenli Wizantiýanyň dolandyryşyna geçdi. Şol bir wagtyň özünde köp slawýanlar Kiçi Aziýanyň sebitlerinde mesgen tutdy we göçdi, galan slawýan ilaty Wizantiýa göçdi. XI we XII asyrlarda söwda ykdysadyýetiniň ep-esli ösüşi sebäpli beýleki Anadoly sebitlerine garanyňda imperiýada ellin medeniýetiniň has agdyklyk edendigi aýdylýar. Dördünji haçly ýörişden we 1204-nji ýylda Konstantinopoly basyp alandan soň, ellin topraklarynyň ep-esli bölegi fransuz serkerdeleriniň (Latyn imperiýasy döwründe) dolandyryşyna geçdi we käbir adalar Wenesiýa şazadasyna birikdirildi. 1261-nji ýylda Konstantinopol ýene bir gezek Latyn imperiýasyndan yzyna alyndy we Wizantiýa dolandyryşyna gaýdyp geldi. Şeýle-de bolsa, XIV asyra çenli Peloponnes franklaryň dolandyryşy astynda möhüm sebite öwrüldi we köp adalar Genowa we Wenesiýa şazadalarynyň ygtyýaryna girdi. </p><p>XIV asyryň başynda Wizantiýa imperiýasy serbleriň we osmanly türkleriniň giňelmegi sebäpli territorial ýitgiler bilen ýüzbe-ýüz boldy. XV asyrda Wizantiýanyň ellin topraklary, esasan, Morea despotaty bilen çäklenýär, 1453-nji ýylda Konstantinopoly basyp alandan soň Mehmed II-iň gözegçiligi astyndady. Moria, Wizantiýa imperiýasynyň Osmanly Türkiýe üçin gyzyklanma döredip biljek iň soňky galyndysydy. Osman imperiýasy 1460-njy ýylda Peloponnese sebitinde galan Wizantiýa ýerlerini basyp almagy başardy. Türk artykmaçlyklary bilen höweslendirilen Wizantiýaly intellektuallaryň köpüsi, ilkinji nobatda ellin medeni we ylmy bilimleriniň goralmagy bilen gyzyklanýan, ahyrsoňy Osmanly hökümdar elitasy bilen birleşdi. Netijede, Wenesiýa okkupasiýasy astyndaky Ion adalarynda Galkynyş zamanasyna we soňra Morea sebitinde Wenesiýa hökümdarlyk eden döwründe möhüm goşant goşuldy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osmanly_döwri"><span id="Osmanly_d.C3.B6wri"></span>Osmanly döwri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bölümi düzet: Osmanly döwri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Osmanly döwri"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Thessaloniki_White_Tower_and_promenade.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Thessaloniki_White_Tower_and_promenade.png/220px-Thessaloniki_White_Tower_and_promenade.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Thessaloniki_White_Tower_and_promenade.png/330px-Thessaloniki_White_Tower_and_promenade.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Thessaloniki_White_Tower_and_promenade.png/440px-Thessaloniki_White_Tower_and_promenade.png 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýada galan Osmanly desgalarynyň iň meşhury Saloniki şäherindäki Ak diň</figcaption></figure> <p>Egeý deňzindäki Kipr we Krit ýaly adalaryň köpüsiniň XV asyryň ahyrynda Osman imperiýasynyň gol astyndadygyna garamazdan, 1571 we 1670-nji ýyllarda edilen arzalar bilen Osman hökümdarlygyna jogap berip bildiler. Osman hökümdarlygyndan gutulan ýeke-täk grek dilli Ion adalary, ilkinji Fransuz respublikasyna, soňra bolsa 1809-njy ýylda Angliýa geçirilýänçä, 1797-nji ýyla çenli Wenesiýa hökümdarlygynda galdy. Ion adalary 1864-nji ýylda Gresiýa goşuldy. </p><p>Gresiýada Osmanly hökümdarlygy dürli-dürli bolup, merkezleşdirilipdi. Käbir şäher häkimleri soltan adyny alypdyrlar, ýerli şäherlerde (Afiny ýaly) öz-özüňi dolandyryş ýygnaklary hem bolupdyr. Asyrlar boýy Gresiýanyň daglyk sebitleri we köp adalar özbaşdaklygyny saklap bilýärler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XIX_asyr">XIX asyr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bölümi düzet: XIX asyr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: XIX asyr"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Kapodistrias2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kapodistrias2.jpg/220px-Kapodistrias2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kapodistrias2.jpg/330px-Kapodistrias2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Kapodistrias2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Ioannis Kapodistrias</figcaption></figure> <p>1827-nji ýylda Ioannis Kapodistrias täze döredilen garaşsyz döwletiň ilkinji döwlet baştutany wezipesine saýlandy. Şeýle-de bolsa, 1831-nji ýylda öldürilenden soň, Beýik güýçler Gresiýanyň monarhiýa öwrülmelidigi barada karar berdiler. Wittelsbachyň Bawariýa öýünden Otto patyşa saýlandy we 1832-nji ýylda tagta çykdy. 1843-nji ýyldaky gozgalaň Patyşa Ottony konstitusiýa düzmäge we wekilçilikli ýygnak döretmäge mejbur etdi. </p><p>Ottonyň dolandyryşy gitdigiçe awtokratik bolansoň, 1862-nji ýylda nägilelige duçar boldy we bir ýyl soň, 1863-nji ýylda, Daniýanyň şazadasy Wilgelm ady bilen tanalýan korol Jorj I tarapyndan çalşyldy. Jorj Ion adalaryny Beýik Britaniýanyň sowgady hökmünde grek dolandyryşy astynda getirdim. 1877-nji ýylda ýurduň syýasy durmuşynda möhüm şahsyýet we döwrebaplaşdyrmagyň tarapdary Harilaos Trikoupis konstitusion monarhiýanyň tarapdary boldy we premýer-ministr wezipesine dalaşgär hökmünde hökümet administrasiýasynyň işine goşant goşdy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif/220px-Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif/330px-Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif/440px-Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>1832–1947-nji ýyllar aralygynda Gresiýanyň territorial giňelişi</figcaption></figure> <p>Kompaniýalar we zerur infrastruktura (Korintos suw akabasy ýaly) serişdeleri Gresiýadaky korrupsiýa amallaryna meňzeş görnüşde gönükdirildi. 1893-nji ýylda Gresiýa özygtyýarly döwlet bolmak niýetini yglan etdi we halkara maliýe guramalaryna laýyklykda karz berijilerine bergilerini tölemeli boldy. XIX asyryň dowamynda korrupsiýanyň syýasy meselesi Gresiýa döwleti üçin çynlakaý mesele bolupdy. Bu milli mesele. Bilimli elitanyň köp agzasy gadymy grek dilini janlandyrmak isledi. Resmi resminamalar we gazetler bilimli halkyň okap bilýän Katarewousa (arassalanan) grek dilinde ýazylypdyr. Şeýle-de bolsa, ýönekeý adamlar Demotik grek dilinde gürlediler. Liwanlylar Demotik grek dilini goldaýan bolsa, ruhanylar we prawoslaw kilisesi 1901-nji ýylda Täze amenthtiň Demotik grek diline terjimesi Afinyda uly jedeller ýüze çykýança resmi taýdan ykrar edilýänçä bu dile garşydy. </p><p>Gresiýanyň hemmesi, esasanam grek dilli halklar Osman imperiýasynyň azat edilmeginde birleşdi. Gresiýanyň harby güýji 1866-1896-njy ýyllar aralygynda, esasanam Kretan gozgalaňy bilen ep-esli güýçlendi. 1877-nji ýylda Russiýa bilen Türkiýäniň arasyndaky söweş başlanda, Gresiýa resmi taýdan Russiýanyň tarapynda bolupdy, ýöne ykdysady taýdan gaty agyr we agyr ýük bolupdy. Angliýa urşa goşulanda we Gresiýa goşulmaga mejbur bolanda, Russiýa Türkiýäniň tarapynda boljak söweşe goşuljakdygyny resmi taýdan yglan etdi. Şeýle-de bolsa, 1881-nji ýylda Tesalisi we Epirusyň az bölegi Berlin şertnamasy boýunça Gresiýa geçdi, ýöne Gres Krit meselesinden kanagatlanmady. Kritiň ilaty esasan grek tarapdarydy we 1897-nji ýylda grek-türk söweşinde Gresiýa Osman imperiýasyna garşy söweş yglan etdi. Söweş wagtynda erbet guralan we taýýarlan grek güýçleri ýeňildi. Kyn ýagdaý bilen ýüzbe-ýüz bolan Gresiýa beýik güýçleriň gatyşmagyny kabul etdi we 1898-nji ýylda Krit beýik güýçler tarapyndan bellenen şazada Jorjyň dolandyryşy astynda özbaşdak döwlet boldy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XX_asyrdan_häzirki_güne_çenli"><span id="XX_asyrdan_h.C3.A4zirki_g.C3.BCne_.C3.A7enli"></span>XX asyrdan häzirki güne çenli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bölümi düzet: XX asyrdan häzirki güne çenli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: XX asyrdan häzirki güne çenli"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-164-0389-23A,_Athen,_Hissen_der_Hakenkreuzflagge_Recolored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-164-0389-23A%2C_Athen%2C_Hissen_der_Hakenkreuzflagge_Recolored.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-164-0389-23A%2C_Athen%2C_Hissen_der_Hakenkreuzflagge_Recolored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-164-0389-23A%2C_Athen%2C_Hissen_der_Hakenkreuzflagge_Recolored.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-164-0389-23A%2C_Athen%2C_Hissen_der_Hakenkreuzflagge_Recolored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-164-0389-23A%2C_Athen%2C_Hissen_der_Hakenkreuzflagge_Recolored.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-164-0389-23A%2C_Athen%2C_Hissen_der_Hakenkreuzflagge_Recolored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Afiny Akropolyndaky faşistler baýdagy ýurdy basyp almagyň alamaty hökmünde. Ilkinji grek garşylygy wagtynda ýatyryldy.</figcaption></figure> <p>Balkan söweşleri wagtynda Gresiýa öz çägini we ilatyny giňeltdi. Şeýle-de bolsa, soňra ýurduň hökümdary Konstantin I bilen premýer-ministr Eleftherios Wenizelosyň arasynda syýasy gapma-garşylyklar ýüze çykdy. Bu gapma-garşylyklaryň netijesinde Gresiýa Birinji jahan urşy döwründe iki garşydaş syýasy topar bilen ýüzbe-ýüz boldy. Birinji jahan urşunyň arasynda Gresiýada iki administrasiýa bardy: Afinyda ýerleşýän nemes tarapdar korolistik re regimeim we Saloniki şäherinde ýerleşýän Iňlis tarapdary Wenizelist re regimeimi. 1917-nji ýylda, Gresiýa Entente (Soýuzdaş) güýç hökmünde resmi taýdan urşa girende, iki topar birleşip, bir hökümet gurmak üçin birleşdi. </p><p>Birinji jahan urşundan soň Gresiýa grek dilli ilatyň köp bolan Kiçi Aziýada öz çägini giňeltmäge synanyşdy. Şeýle-de bolsa, 1919-1922-nji ýyllardaky Grek-Türk söweşinde Gresiýa güýçli garşylyk görkezdi, bu bolsa Lozanna şertnamasynyň düzgünleri boýunça Türkiýe bilen Gresiýanyň arasynda ilat alyş-çalşyna sebäp boldy. Gresiýada takmynan 300,000 grek we türk Türkiýe döwleti bilen Gresiýanyň arasynda alyş-çalyş edildi. </p><p>1924-nji ýylda Kiçi Aziýada bolup geçen wakalardan soň Gresiýa referendumda respublikan boldy we Ikinji Ellin Respublikasyny döretdi. Premýer-ministr Georgios Kondylis 1935-nji ýylda prezidentlige girişdi we referendumda respublikany dargadyp, monarhiýany netijeli dikeltdi. 1936-njy ýylda Ioannis Metaksas hökümet baştutany boldy we 4-nji awgust reimeimi diýlip atlandyrylýan faşistik re regimeime ýolbaşçylyk etdi. Gresiýa faşist bolsa-da, Metaksas Beýik Britaniýa bilen gowy gatnaşyk saklady. </p><p>1940-njy ýylyň 28-nji awgustynda faşistik Italiýa Gresiýadan basyp alyşlyga boýun bolmagyny isledi, ýöne premýer-ministr Metaksas boýun towlady. Ondan soňky grek-italýan söweşinde Gresiýa italýan güýçlerine garşy durmagy başardy we hatda Albaniýanyň çägine garşy hüjüm gurady. Şeýle-de bolsa, faşistik Germaniýa muňa çydap bilmedi we Gresiýa goşun ibermek bilen tiz goşuldy. Metaksas soýuzdaşlaryň beýle raýdaşlygy görkezmegine garaşmady. 1941-nji we 1942-nji ýyllar aralygynda 100,000-den gowrak raýat açlyk we agyr ýaşaýyş şertleri sebäpli öldi we köp ýaşlar nemes okkupasiýasy döwründe zähmet lagerlerine iberildi. </p><p>Gresiýa azat edilenden soň, ýurt kommunist we anti-kommunistik güýçleriň arasynda raýat urşuny başdan geçirdi we çuňňur polýarlaşma we möhüm tolgunyşyk döretdi. Sagçy toparlar bilen kommunistleriň arasyndaky jemgyýetçilik-syýasy bölünişik çuňlaşdy we birnäçe onýyllyk dowam eden uzak durnuksyzlyga sebäp boldy. Ondan soňky ýyllarda Gresiýa Marşal meýilnamasyna uýgunlaşdy we häkimiýeti merkezleşdirmek prosesine girdi we netijede jemgyýetçilik-syýasy bölünişikler bilen baglanyşykly ýagdaý kem-kemden gowulaşdy. </p><p>Georgios Papandreunyň 1965-nji ýylyň iýul aýynda Gresiýa Patyşalygynyň merkezi administrasiýasyndan aýrylmagy möhüm syýasy başagaýlygyň başlangyjy boldy. Soňky güýç ugrundaky göreşiň netijesinde 1967-nji ýylyň 21-nji aprelinde ýurtda syýasy krizise sebäp bolan uly agdarlyşyk boldy. Hökümet polkownikleriň reimeimi diýlip atlandyrylýan harby diktatorlyk tarapyndan agdaryldy. Brigada generaly Dimitrios Ioannidisiň ýolbaşçylygyndaky diktatorlyk ýurduň işine gözegçilik etdi. Bu ýagdaý, 1973-nji ýylyň 17-nji noýabrynda Afiny politehniki uniwersitetinde esasy talyp gozgalaňyna çenli dowam etdi, bu re regimeime garşy giňden ýaýran duýgyny döretdi we netijede häkimiýetiň üýtgemegine sebäp boldy. 1974-nji ýylyň 20-nji iýulynda Türkiýe Kipre goşulyp, re regimeimiň çökmegine sebäp bolanda diktatorlyk agdaryldy. </p><p>Öňki premýer-ministr Konstantin Karamanlis 1963-nji ýyldan bäri sürgünde bolan Pari Parisden Afiny şäherine gaýdyp geldi. Bu 1974-nji ýylda başlanan Metapolitefsi döwrüniň başlangyjy boldy. 1974-nji ýylyň 14-nji awgustynda Türkiýäniň Demirgazyk Kipre çozmagy netijesinde Gresiýa NATO ýaranlygyndan çykdy. Ilkinji köp partiýaly saýlawlar 1964-nji ýylda Afiny Milli Tehniki Uniwersitetiniň Wagtlaýyn Demokratik Partiýasy döredilenden soň geçirildi. 1975-nji ýylyň 11-nji iýunynda Gresiýanyň mundan beýläk monarhiýa bolmajakdygy barada konstitusion referendum geçirildi. </p><p>Şol bir wagtyň özünde, Karamalisiň ýolbaşçylygyndaky Täze Jemgyýet Hereketine jogap hökmünde Andreas Papandreou jemgyýetçilik-syýasy özgerişler üçin hereketi başlady. Bu iki syýasy güýç şu güne çenli biri-birine garşy gelýär. Gresiýa NATO bilen 1980-nji ýylda şertnama baglaşdy. 1999-njy ýylda iki ýurt hem uly ýer titremesi bilen ýüzbe-ýüz bolanda Türkiýe bilen diplomatik gatnaşyklar gowulaşdy. Gresiýa Türkiýe bilen hyzmatdaş hökmünde Unionewropa Bileleşiginiň Europeanewropa goňşuçylyk syýasatyna gatnaşdy. </p><p>1981-nji ýylyň 1-nji ýanwarynda Gresiýa Ýewropa Bileleşiginiň on ikinji agzasy boldy. Şol ýyl Gresiýa güýçli ykdysady ösüşi başdan geçirdi. Infrastruktura ep-esli maýa goýumlary we güýçli bäsdeşlik ukyby, Ýewropa Bileleşiginiň gaznalarynyň kömegi we syýahatçylygyň ösmegi bilen ýurduň umumy ykdysady ösüşine goşant goşdy. 2001urt 2001-nji ýylda Ýewrony resmi walýuta hökmünde kabul etdi we 2004-nji ýylda Afinyda tomusky Olimpiýa oýunlary üstünlikli geçirildi. </p><p>2000-nji ýyllarda Gresiýa Ýewropa Bileleşiginiň ykdysadyýetiniň çäginde görünýän kynçylyklara sebäp bolan çynlakaý ykdysady çökgünlige sezewar boldy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografiýa"><span id="Geografi.C3.BDa"></span>Geografiýa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bölümi düzet: Geografiýa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Geografiýa"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýa, Balkan ýarym adasynyň günorta böleginde ýerleşýän, Peloponnese ýarym adasy we materik we Kiçi Aziýanyň kenarýakasyndaky adalar bilen gutarýan daglyk ýurt. Onuň umumy meýdany 131 994 km². <a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%BDa" title="Albaniýa">Albaniýa</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Demirgazyk_Makedoni%C3%BDa" title="Demirgazyk Makedoniýa">Öňki Ýugoslaw Makedoniýa Respublikasy</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bolgari%C3%BDa" title="Bolgariýa">Bolgariýa</a> we <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrki%C3%BDe" title="Türkiýe">Türkiýe</a> bilen serhetleşýär. Gresiýa Ion we Egeý deňizleri we Ortaýer deňzi, Kritiň günorta kenary Liwiýa deňzi bilen gurşalandyr. </p><p>Gresiýa, kenarýaka kenar ýakasy sebäpli 13,676 km bilen dünýäde iň uzyn 11-nji kenara eýe, gury ýer araçägi bolsa 1160 km. ýurt takmynan 34 ° bilen 42 ° N giňişlikde we 19 ° bilen 30 ° E aralygynda ýerleşýär. </p><p>Gresiýada köp sanly ada bar, olaryň 227-si ýaşaýar, 1200-den 6000-e çenli dürli ada bellikleri bar. Krit iň uly we iň köp ilatly adadyr, ikinjisi Ewbeýa, adadan bary-ýogy 60 metr giňlikdäki ýewropa bogazy bilen bölünýär, bu iki adanyň yzyndan Rodos we Lesbes bar. </p><p>Gresiýa adalary adatça aşakdaky toparlara bölünýär: Afiny şäheriniň golaýyndaky Saron aýlagynda ýerleşýän Argo-Saron adalary; Egeý deňziniň merkezindäki dykyz adalar topary Sikladlar; Demirgazyk Ege adalary, adalaryň seýrek topary; Türkiýäniň günbatar ujy; Dodekan adalary, Türkiýe bilen Kritiň günorta-gündogarynda ýerleşýän başga bir seýrek topar, Sporades, Ewbeýa kenarýakasyndaky kiçijik we dykyz topar we günbatar tarapynda Ion deňzinde ýerleşýän Ion adalary. ofurduň </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Mount_Olympus,_Greece.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mount_Olympus%2C_Greece.png/220px-Mount_Olympus%2C_Greece.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mount_Olympus%2C_Greece.png/330px-Mount_Olympus%2C_Greece.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mount_Olympus%2C_Greece.png/440px-Mount_Olympus%2C_Greece.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1801" /></a><figcaption>Tesaliniň we Makedoniýanyň serhedinde ýerleşýän Olimp dagynyň görnüşi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gresiýanyň segsen göterimi daglyk ýa-da depe bolup, ýurdy ýewropanyň iň daglyk ýerleriniň birine öwürýär. Mosturduň iň beýik nokady Olimp dagynda ýerleşýän Mitikas Peak (2917 m). Günbatar Gresiýada köp sanly köl we batgalyk ýer bar we Pindus dag gerşi bilen gurşalan. Dinar Alp daglarynyň dowamy bolan Pindus 2637 metre çykýar (Smolikas dagy Gresiýanyň ikinji beýik dagydyr) we taryhda gündogar-günbatar söwdasyna esasy päsgelçilik bolupdy. </p><p>Pindus dag gerşi merkezi Peloponnese, Kythera we Antikitera adalaryndan geçip, günorta-günbatarda Ege deňzine çenli dowam edip, Krit adasynda tamamlanýar. Egeý deňzindäki adalar suwasty daglaryň depesidir. Pindus beýik, dik depeler we dürli karst landşaftlary bilen häsiýetlendirilýär, köplenç köp sanly jülgeler we jülgeler kesilýär. Pindusda, Wikos Aus milli seýilgähinde Ginnesiň rekordlar kitabyna dünýäniň iň çuň kanýony hökmünde girizilen Wikos jülgesi ýerleşýär. Ýene bir möhüm emele geliş, orta asyr grek prawoslaw monastyrlary gurlan Meteora gaýa sütünleri. </p><p>Gresiýanyň demirgazyk-gündogarynda başga bir beýik dag gerşi, gündogar Makedoniýa we Frakiýa çenli uzalyp gidýän Rodop dag gerşi bar, bu sebit meşhur Dadia tokaýyny goşmak bilen giň, dykyz, gadymy tokaýlar bilen örtülendir. </p><p>Esasan Tesalide, Merkezi Makedoniýada we Günbatar Frakiýada düzlükler bar. Ýurduň seýrek ekilýän ýerleriniň köpüsi şu ýerde ýerleşýändigi sebäpli, olar ykdysady taýdan möhüm ähmiýete eýe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografi">Topografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bölümi düzet: Topografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Topografi"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Greece_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greece_topo.jpg/250px-Greece_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greece_topo.jpg/330px-Greece_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greece_topo.jpg/500px-Greece_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1193" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýanyň topografiki kartasy</figcaption></figure> <p>Gresiýanyň peýza .y gaýaly, köplenç dagly daglardan, gür ilatly jülgelerden, köp sanly adalardan, bogazlardan we aýlaglardan ybarat. Kraterler, esasanam ýurduň günbatar böleginde, karst şarjagazlarynyň we gowaklarynyň emele gelmegine sebäp bolýar. Dag gerişleri Gresiýanyň dörtden bir bölegini tutýar. Bular esasan orta belentlikdäki daglar (1200-1800 metre çenli). Olimp dagy (2917 m) Gresiýanyň iň beýik nokady. Pindos, Parnassus, Merkezi Gresiýanyň dag gerşi we Taýget hem 2000 metrden ýokary çykýar. Düzlükler az, olar esasan ýurduň merkezi böleginde we Peloponnese ýerleşýär. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Howa">Howa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bölümi düzet: Howa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Howa"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Greece_meteora_monasteries_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Greece_meteora_monasteries_001.jpg/220px-Greece_meteora_monasteries_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Greece_meteora_monasteries_001.jpg/330px-Greece_meteora_monasteries_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Greece_meteora_monasteries_001.jpg/440px-Greece_meteora_monasteries_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Meteorlar. Merkezi Gresiýa</figcaption></figure> <p>Gresiýanyň howasyny üç görnüşe bölmek bolar: Ortaýer deňzi, Alp we howanyň her biri ýerleşişi bilen berk baglanyşykly. Pindos dag gerşi ýurduň kontinental böleginiň howasyna güýçli täsir edýär, günbataryndaky sebitler (Epiros) gündogarda Tesaliden has köp ýagyş alýar. </p><p>Ortaýer deňziniň howasy ýumşak we ýagyşly gyşlar, yssy we gurak tomus bilen häsiýetlendirilýär. Sikladlar, Dodekan adalary, Krit, Peloponnese we Merkezi Gresiýanyň gündogar bölegi klimatyň bu görnüşinde ýerleşýär. Bu ýerdäki temperatura köplenç rekord derejä ýetýär we gyşda Sikladlarda we Dodekan adalarynda gar ýagmagy mümkin. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Fira_at_Santorini_(from_north).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Fira_at_Santorini_%28from_north%29.jpg/220px-Fira_at_Santorini_%28from_north%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Fira_at_Santorini_%28from_north%29.jpg/330px-Fira_at_Santorini_%28from_north%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Fira_at_Santorini_%28from_north%29.jpg/440px-Fira_at_Santorini_%28from_north%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3752" data-file-height="2508" /></a><figcaption>Adaty güneşli we ýyly Ortaýer deňzi howasy, Santorini adasy.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dag daglary ýurduň daglyk ýerlerine has häsiýetlidir: Epirus, Merkezi Gresiýa, Günbatar Makedoniýa, Tesaliniň bir bölegi we Ahaýa, Arkadýa we Lakoniýa. </p><p>Gündogar Makedoniýa we Frakiýa sebiti gyşlar birneme sowuk we ýagyşly, tomus yssy we gurak bolan howanyň howasy zonasyna girizilip bilner. </p><p>Afiny iki howa zolagynyň birleşýän geçiş zolagynda ýerleşýär: Ortaýer deňzi we howaly. Afinynyň demirgazyk böleginde howanyň howasy bar bolsa, merkezi we günorta bölekleri Ortaýer deňziniň howasynyň aýratynlyklaryna eýedir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derýalar"><span id="Der.C3.BDalar"></span>Derýalar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bölümi düzet: Derýalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Derýalar"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dar we depe Gresiýa ýarym adasynda uly derýa ulgamlary ösüp bilmedi. Dag akymlary agdyklyk edýär, dar jülgelerden ajaýyp slaýdlar we şarlawuklar bilen deňze akýar. Gresiýanyň iň uzyn derýasy Alyakmondyr (300 km-den gowrak). Beýleki esasy derýalar Ewros, Nestos, Strymon, Wardar we Aheloos. Derýalar gämi gatnawy däl, ýöne elektrik çeşmesi hökmünde möhüm rol oýnaýarlar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Köller"><span id="K.C3.B6ller"></span>Köller</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bölümi düzet: Köller" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Köller"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýada ýerüsti meýdany 10 km²-den geçýän 20-den gowrak köl bar. Iň ulusy we çuňlugy tektoniki gelip çykyşy bolup, olaryň arasynda Trihonis (95.5 km²), Wolwi (75,6 km²), Wegorit (72,5 km²) bar. Karstdan gelip çykýan köller köp, adatça, olar uly däl we esasan ýerasty suwlar bilen iýmitlenýär. Bularyň iň ulusy Ioannina (22 km²). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minerallary">Minerallary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bölümi düzet: Minerallary" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Minerallary"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýada möhüm mineral ätiýaçlyklary ýok. Iň ýaýran we ösdürilip ýetişdirilýänler lignit känleri ýa-da pes dykyzlykly gyzyl kömürdir. Gresiýanyň esasy ýylylyk çeşmesidir. 20-nji asyryň ahyrynda Egeý deňzinde ownuk nebit we gaz ýataklary tapyldy we olaryň ösüşi dowam edýär. </p><p>Gresiýa magdan minerallaryna has baý. Bular demir, marganes, nikel, hrom, mis we polimetal magdanlarydyr. Kümüş we gurşun gazmak gadymy Afinydan bäri Lavrium şäheriniň golaýyndaky Attikada alnyp barylýar. </p><p>Frakiýada kükürt we nikel gaýalary gazylýar. </p><p>Dünýädäki iň uly üweýji daş magdany Naksos adasynda ýerleşýär. Santorini we Nisyros adalarynda köp mukdarda pomza gazylýar. Gurluşyk materiallary Sikladlarda gazylýar: mermer, granit, hek daşy we çägeli daş. </p><p>Gresiýada boksit ýa-da alýumin magdany bar. Geologlaryň pikiriçe, bu ätiýaçlyklar takmynan 650 million tonna bolup, Gresiýany bu görnüşli magdany Ýewropada iň köp öndüriji edýär. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tebigat">Tebigat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bölümi düzet: Tebigat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Tebigat"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýanyň çäginde ýabany haýwanlaryň köpüsi saklanyp galmady. Munuň sebäbi müňlerçe ýyllyk taryhy bolan adamyň täsiri astynda ýerli ösümlikleriň we haýwanlaryň işjeň ýok bolmagy bilen baglanyşyklydyr. Bu ýerde ýaşaýan haýwanlaryň arasynda ownuk haýwanlar häsiýetlidir: towşan, möjek, gyrymsy doňuz we dürli syçanlar. </p><p>Uly süýdemdirijileriň arasynda iň köp ýaýranlary goňur aýy, koýot, tilki, linz we ýabany doňuzdyr. Ortaýer deňziniň pyşbagasy we germit möhüri ýaly haýwanlaryň köpüsi Gyzyl kitaba girizildi. Gresiýada süýrenijiler, ýylanlar we haizizyklar köp duş gelýär. Guşlara ýabany ördekler, mallar we gyrgyçlar, baýguş, bürgüt we şahly ýyrtyjy haýwanlar girip biler. Deňiz düwürtikleri kenarýaka sebitlerinde köp we grek suwlarynda dürli oysterler we balyklar bar, soňky döwürde ätiýaçlyklary ep-esli azaldy. </p><p>5000-den gowrak ösümlik görnüşi Gresiýanyň çägine ýaýrady. Ownuk ösümlikler we gyrymsy agaçlar - gabyklar, hemişe gök öwüsýän, tikenli gyrymsy agaçlar köp bolýar. Sosna tokaýlary, Halkidiki ýarym adasynda köplenç duş gelýär. Kipr we uçar agaçlary adatydyr. Bu agaçlaryň käbiri birnäçe müň ýyllykdyr. Gresiýada we tutuş Ortaýer deňzinde iň gymmatly agaçlar bolan zeýtun agaçlary gaty ýygydyr. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolandyryş_bölümi"><span id="Dolandyry.C5.9F_b.C3.B6l.C3.BCmi"></span>Dolandyryş bölümi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bölümi düzet: Dolandyryş bölümi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Dolandyryş bölümi"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ozal Gresiýa 13 administratiw sebite bölünýärdi we öz gezeginde 54 ada (ýa-da welaýat) bölünýärdi. Gresiýa, şeýle hem, Athos dagynyň töwereginde Aion Oros (Mukaddes dag) atly awtonom sebiti hem öz içine aldy, bu dini döwlet 20 Athos monastyrynyň wekilleriniň geňeşi tarapyndan dolandyrylýar. Hakyky özbaşdaklyk kiçi bölümler bolan atlar we şäher häkimlikleri derejesinde bardy. Şäher häkimlikleri häkimler, häkimler bolsa häkimler tarapyndan dolandyrylýar. </p><p>Şeýle-de bolsa, Kallikratis meýilnamasyna [63] 2011-nji ýylyň 1-nji ýanwaryndan başlap, Gresiýanyň administratiw dolandyryş ulgamy düýpgöter üýtgedi. Öň 13 administratiw sebitden, 54 atdan we 1033 jemgyýetden ybarat bolan ulgam 7 merkezleşdirilmedik administrasiýa, 13 sebit we 325 jemgyýet hökmünde üýtgedildi. 2010-njy ýylyň 7-nji we 14-nji noýabrynda geçirilen ilkinji saýlawlardan bäri etraplar we şäher häkimlikleri doly özbaşdak. Merkezden daşlaşdyrylan hökümetleri Gresiýanyň hökümeti tarapyndan bellenen Baş sekretar dolandyrýar. Awtonom monah jemgyýeti döwleti bu özgertmelerden boşadyldy. </p><p>Gresiýanyň paýtagty Afiny (grekçe: Αθήνα) dünýäniň iň gadymy şäherlerinden biri, şeýle hem Ýewropanyň iň ýaş paýtagtlaryndan biridir. Ol şäher statusyny diňe XIX asyrda Gresiýanyň milli azat ediş söweşinden soň aldy. Häzirki wagtda ýurduň ilatynyň takmynan 35% paýtagtda ýaşaýar. </p><p>Gresiýanyň Makedoniýa sebitiniň paýtagty Saloniki (grekçe: Θεσσαλονίκη) Termanikos aýlagynyň kenarynda ýerleşýär. Saloniki asyrlar boýy Hellasyň iň möhüm medeni we dini merkezi bolup durýar. Häzirki wagtda bu güýçli ykdysady we bilim merkezidir. Saloniki şäherinde her ýyl dünýäniň iň uly halkara sergileriniň biri geçirilýär we bu ýerde ýerleşýän Aristotel uniwersiteti Gresiýanyň iň uly ýokary okuw mekdebidir. </p><p>Halkidiki ýarym adasynyň gündogar kenaryndaky Aion Orosyň merkezi we günorta böleginde ýerleşýän Afon monastyry welaýaty özbaşdak sebit statusyna eýe. Ýigrimi monastyrdan ybarat özbaşdak jemgyýet we 1313-nji ýyldan bäri Konstantinopolyň patriarhynyň gönüden-göni dini ygtyýaryndadyr. Konstantinopolyň patriarhynyň beýleki ýeparazlyklaryndan tapawutlylykda Julian senenamasy bu ýerde, şol sanda administratiw resminamalarda ulanylýar. Atos dagy dünýädäki prawoslaw hristianlar üçin iň mukaddes ýerlerden biridir we UNESCO tarapyndan dünýä mirasy hökmünde ykrar edildi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syýasy_ulgam"><span id="Sy.C3.BDasy_ulgam"></span>Syýasy ulgam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bölümi düzet: Syýasy ulgam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Syýasy ulgam"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýa 13 administratiw bölümden we sebitden ybarat bitewi döwlet. 1983-nji ýyldaky kanunlar ýerli ähmiýetli meseleleriň halk tarapyndan gönüden-göni saýlawlar arkaly saýlanan geňeşler tarapyndan çözülendigini tassyklady. </p><p>Häzirki Konstitusiýa 1975-nji ýylyň 11-nji iýunynda güýje girdi. Dolandyryş ulgamyna görä, Gresiýa parlament respublikasy. Syýasy re regimeim demokratik. </p><p> Gresiýanyň konstitusiýasy:</p><blockquote><p>1. Kanunçylyk wezipeleri mejlis we prezident arkaly amala aşyrylýar </p><p>2. Ýerine ýetiriji wezipeler respublikanyň prezidentiniň we hökümetiň üsti bilen amala aşyrylýar </p><p><br /> </p><p> 3. Kazyýet wezipeleri halkyň adyndan karar berýän kazyýetler arkaly amala aşyrylýar</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Hellenic_Parliament_in_Athens.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hellenic_Parliament_in_Athens.JPG/220px-Hellenic_Parliament_in_Athens.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hellenic_Parliament_in_Athens.JPG/330px-Hellenic_Parliament_in_Athens.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hellenic_Parliament_in_Athens.JPG/440px-Hellenic_Parliament_in_Athens.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Afinyda mejlis binasy</figcaption></figure> <p>Döwlet başlygy, parlament toplumy tarapyndan 5 ýyldan dowamly saýlan Prezidentiň üçin döredilýän döwrüň başydyr. Konstitusiýa Prezidenti geniş yetkiler bilen doýurdyşdyrmış we ykjamet yetkiňiň ulanmagyny ona höwes bırakmışdyr. Prezident başgany atar we başganyň maslahat üstüne hükümetiň başga üyelerini atar we ýokar edýär. Prezident, konstitusiýada öň görülen şertnamalaryň gola gelmegi netijesinde döwlet maslahatnamasyny almagaçaýan hükümeti feshedebilýär. Işler nadip durumlarda Hemraý Maslahatyna hem başkanlyk edýär. Prezident parlamentini ýylda bir gezek we döwlet içinde gerek bolsa adaty maslahatlary çağyrýar. Parlament maslahatynyň toplanmagyny 30 güne çenli ertelemäge hukuklydyr. Prezidentiň ýetkiňde Parlament tarapyndan kabul edilen kanunlary barlamak we ulanmak, we kanun tasnasy üçin parlamentine ýene-de gözden geçirmäge haýyş etmekde bar bolup geçirilýär. Başgan referendum çağyryp, ulusa habar iberip biler. Şeýle-de Silahly Kuwwatlaryň Başkomandanynyň daýysydyr. Hukuklary arasında döwletiň daşary hyzmatda şowuny etmek, söweş başlatmak we baryş etmek, üçünji saýlardan soňra cyhurbaşkanyny saýlamaz bolsa, parlament halk bilen birmeýan bolsa, ýa-da hükümetiň howpsuzlygyny ýerine ýetirmez bolsa, parlamenti feshe etmek hukuky hukugy bar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanun_çykaryjylyk_güýji"><span id="Kanun_.C3.A7ykaryjylyk_g.C3.BC.C3.BDji"></span>Kanun çykaryjylyk güýji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Bölümi düzet: Kanun çykaryjylyk güýji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Kanun çykaryjylyk güýji"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kanun çykaryjylyk bir palataly wekilçilik edýän we 4 ýyl möhlet bilen göni saýlawlar arkaly saýlanýan parlament tarapyndan amala aşyrylýar. Mejlis azyndan 200 we azyndan 300 adamdan ybarat. Mejlis takmynan 5 aý dowam edýän yzygiderli mejlis üçin ýylda bir gezek ýygnanýar. Her mejlisiň başynda kanun taslamalaryny we kanunçylyk tekliplerini taýýarlamak we gözden geçirmek üçin parlament agzalaryndan parlament komitetleri döredilýär. Kanunçylyk işi, adatça, umumy mejlislerde amala aşyrylýar. Şeýle-de bolsa, käbir kanun taslamalary iki sanydan köp bolmadyk bölümlerde gözden geçirilýär we kabul edilýär. Konstitusiýa haýsy kanun taslamalarynyň umumy mejlislerde kabul edilip bilinjekdigini we haýsy meseleleriň bölümlerde ara alnyp maslahatlaşylmalydygyny kesgitleýär. Mejlis tarapyndan kabul edilen kanun taslamalary prezident tarapyndan tassyklanmaly we halk deputatlarynyň umumy sanynyň ýönekeý köplügi bilen prezidentiň weto hukugyny ýok edip biler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazyýet_güýji"><span id="Kazy.C3.BDet_g.C3.BC.C3.BDji"></span>Kazyýet güýji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Bölümi düzet: Kazyýet güýji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Kazyýet güýji"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazyýet kanun çykaryjy we ýerine ýetiriji häkimiýetlerden garaşsyz işleýär we 3 sany ýokary kazyýetden ybarat: Courtokary Kazyýet (Άρειος Πάγος), Döwlet Geňeşi (Συμγοις της Επικρατείας) we Hasaplar kazyýeti (Ελεγκτικό Συνέ). Kazyýet ulgamy raýat we jenaýat işlerini diňleýän raýat kazyýetlerinden we raýatlar bilen Gresiýanyň dolandyryş edaralarynyň arasyndaky jedelleri çözýän administratiw kazyýetlerden ybarat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daşary_syýasat"><span id="Da.C5.9Fary_sy.C3.BDasat"></span>Daşary syýasat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Bölümi düzet: Daşary syýasat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Daşary syýasat"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Georgios_Gerapetritis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Georgios_Gerapetritis.jpg/220px-Georgios_Gerapetritis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Georgios_Gerapetritis.jpg/330px-Georgios_Gerapetritis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Georgios_Gerapetritis.jpg/440px-Georgios_Gerapetritis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýanyň häzirki daşary işler ministri Georgios Gerapetritis</figcaption></figure> <p>Gresiýanyň daşary gatnaşyklary Daşary işler ministrliginiň ýolbaşçylygyndaky Daşary işler ministrliginiň üsti bilen düzgünleşdirilýär. Häzirki ministr Täze Demokratiýa partiýasynyň wekili Stawros Dimas. Resmi web sahypasyna görä, Daşary işler ministrliginiň wezipesi beýleki ýurtlaryň we halkara guramalaryň öňünde ýurda wekilçilik etmek, Gresiýanyň we onuň raýatlarynyň daşary ýurtlardaky bähbitlerini goramak, grek medeniýetini ösdürmek, grek diasporasy bilen ýakyn gatnaşyklary saklamakdyr we halkara hyzmatdaşlygyny ösdürmek. Gresiýa Balkanlarda, Ortaýer Deňzinde we Ýakyn Gündogarda parahatçylygy we durnuklylygy üpjün etmek üçin sebitleýin syýasaty işläp düzdi. </p><p>Ministrlik döwlet üçin möhüm bolan üç meseläni tapawutlandyrýar: Türkiýäniň Egeý deňzine we onuň töweregine özygtyýarlylygy ýola goýmak isleýändigi, Demirgazyk Kipr Türk Respublikasynyň Kipr adasyndaky kanunylygy we Makedoniýa bilen baglanyşykly jedeller. </p><p>Gresiýa, Ýewropa Geňeşi, Ýewropa Bileleşigi, Ortaýer deňzi bileleşigi we Birleşen Milletler Guramasy ýaly birnäçe halkara guramanyň agzasy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Harby_güýçler"><span id="Harby_g.C3.BC.C3.BD.C3.A7ler"></span>Harby güýçler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Bölümi düzet: Harby güýçler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Harby güýçler"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýanyň medaragly Güýçleri, konstitusiýa laýyklykda döwletiň erkinligini, garaşsyzlygyny we territorial bitewiligini goramak üçin döredilen gury ýer, deňiz we howa güýçlerinden ybarat ýaragly harby bölümleri we gurluş guramalaryny birleşdirýän döwlet gurluşydyr. </p><p>Armedaragly güýçleriň iň ýokary dolandyryş edarasy Gresiýanyň Goranmak ministrligi. Gresiýa NATO-nyň agzasy we Owganystandaky, Bosniýadaky, Çadly we Kosowadaky dürli operasiýalara gatnaşýar. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Greek_Army_-_IFOR_-_Bosnian_elections.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Greek_Army_-_IFOR_-_Bosnian_elections.JPEG/250px-Greek_Army_-_IFOR_-_Bosnian_elections.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Greek_Army_-_IFOR_-_Bosnian_elections.JPEG/330px-Greek_Army_-_IFOR_-_Bosnian_elections.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Greek_Army_-_IFOR_-_Bosnian_elections.JPEG/500px-Greek_Army_-_IFOR_-_Bosnian_elections.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýanyň goşunlary Bosniýa we Gersegowinada parahatçylygy goraýjylar</figcaption></figure> <p>1821-nji ýylda Osman imperiýasyna garşy garaşsyzlyk ugrundaky göreşde Gresiýanyň gury ýer güýçleri we deňiz güýçleri döredildi. 1912-nji ýylyň sentýabr aýynda Howa güýçleri üçünji görnüşli ýaragly güýç hökmünde döredildi. Gresiýanyň ýaragly güýçleri Balkan türk we bolgar goşunlaryna garşy söweşlere gatnaşdy. Birinji jahan urşy döwründe Gresiýanyň ýaragly güýçleri soýuzdaş ýurtlaryň tarapyny tutdy. 1919-1922-nji ýyllardaky grek-türk söweşi ýeňildi, territoriýa ýitdi we grek we türk ilatynyň alyş-çalşygy boldy. </p><p>Ikinji jahan urşy döwründe diktator Ioannis Metaxasyň ýolbaşçylygyndaky Gresiýa 1940-njy ýylyň 28-nji oktýabrynda Italiýanyň tabynlyk ultimatumyny ret etdi we Italiýa goşunyna garşy durup, Albaniýa serhedine çykmagy başardy. Gresiýanyň ýaragly güýçleri diňe 1941-nji ýylyň maý aýynda nemes we bolgar ýaragly güýçleriniň gatyşmagy bilen ýeňildi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:2june_2007_149b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2june_2007_149b.jpg/250px-2june_2007_149b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2june_2007_149b.jpg/330px-2june_2007_149b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2june_2007_149b.jpg/500px-2june_2007_149b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýanyň Prezident Gwardiýasy (Ewzones) 2007-nji ýylyň 2-nji iýunynda geçirilen paradda</figcaption></figure> <p>Gresiýanyň ýaragly güýçleri 1950-nji ýyllarda Koreýa söweşine-de gatnaşypdy. 1967-nji ýylyň aprelinde gozgalaňyň netijesinde Jorj Papadopulosyň ýolbaşçylygyndaky harby re regimeim Gresiýada häkimiýeti ele geçirdi. Kipr meselesi we 1974-nji ýylda Kipr respublikasynyň türk goşunlary tarapyndan basylyp alynmagy harby diktaturanyň çökmegine we premýer-ministr Konstantinos Karamanlisiň tagallasy bilen demokratiýanyň gaýtadan dikeldilmegine sebäp boldy. </p><p>Gresiýa jemi içerki önümiň iň ýokary göterimini (jemi içerki önümiň 4,3%) NATO ýurtlarynyň arasynda milli goranyşa sarp edýär. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ykdysadyýet"><span id="Ykdysady.C3.BDet"></span>Ykdysadyýet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Bölümi düzet: Ykdysadyýet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Ykdysadyýet"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bütindünýä bankynyň statistikasyna görä 2011-nji ýyla çenli Gresiýanyň ykdysadyýeti 299 milliard dollar jemi içerki önümi bilen dünýäde 34-nji, 304 milliard dollarlyk satyn alyş güýji deňligi bilen 42-nji ýerde durýar. Şeýle hem Gresiýa 27 agzaly Ýewropa Bileleşiginde 15-nji uly ykdysadyýetdir. Adam başyna düşýän girdeji nukdaýnazaryndan Gresiýa 27,875 dollar jemi içerki önümi bilen dünýäde 29-njy, 27,624 dollar satyn alyş güýji deňligi bilen 33-nji ýerde durýar. </p><p>Ösen we ýokary durmuş derejesine eýe bolan Gresiýanyň ykdysadyýetiniň esasy bölegi hyzmat pudagyna (85%) we senagata (12%) düşýär, oba hojalygy bolsa milli ykdysady önümiň bary-ýogy 3% -ini tutýar. Gresiýanyň möhüm pudaklary syýahatçylygy öz içine alýar (2009-njy ýylda bu ýurda 14,9 million syýahatçy geldi, theewropa Bileleşiginde 7-nji, Birleşen Milletler Guramasynyň Bütindünýä Syýahatçylyk Guramasyna görä dünýäde 16-njy orunda) we söwda ýük daşamak (dünýä ýük gatnawy bilen deňeşdirilende Gresiýanyň söwda flotlary hem bar) dünýädäki iň ulusy, 16,2%). Alsourt möhüm oba hojalyk önümlerini (balykçylygy hem goşmak bilen) öndürýär. Gresiýa diňe bir Balkan ýurtlarynda iň uly ykdysadyýete eýe bolman, eýsem möhüm sebitleýin maýa goýujy hasaplanýar. </p><p>Gresiýanyň ykdysadyýeti ösen we girdejili diýip hasaplanýar. Gresiýa Ykdysady Hyzmatdaşlyk we Ösüş Guramasynyň we Gara deňziň Ykdysady Hyzmatdaşlyk Guramasynyň esaslandyryjy agzasy. 1979-njy ýylda Gresiýanyň Ýewropa jemgyýetleri we ýeke-täk bazar bilen birleşmegi 1982-nji ýylda başlandy we tamamlandy. 2001-nji ýylyň ýanwar aýynda Gresiýa drahmany ulanyp başlady we ony 1 ýewro hümmeti bilen ýewro çalyşdy. Gresiýa şeýle hem Halkara Walýuta Gaznasynyň we Bütindünýä Söwda Guramasynyň agzasy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europeanewropa_Bileleşigine_girmek"><span id="Europeanewropa_Bilele.C5.9Figine_girmek"></span>Europeanewropa Bileleşigine girmek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Bölümi düzet: Europeanewropa Bileleşigine girmek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Europeanewropa Bileleşigine girmek"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2000-nji ýylyň 19-njy iýunynda Gresiýa Ýewropa Bileleşiginiň Halkara Pul Gaznasyna Ýewropa Bileleşiginiň Halkara Pul Gaznasyna kabul edildi. 2004-nji ýylda täze demokratik hökümet tarapyndan geçirilen auditiň netijesinde ostewrostat býudjet defisit statistikasynyň azalandygyny görkezdi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Euro_banknotes,_First_series.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Euro_banknotes%2C_First_series.png/220px-Euro_banknotes%2C_First_series.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Euro_banknotes%2C_First_series.png/330px-Euro_banknotes%2C_First_series.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Euro_banknotes%2C_First_series.png/440px-Euro_banknotes%2C_First_series.png 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýa ozewro zonasyna 2001-nji ýylda girdi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gözden geçirilen býudjet defisitindäki tapawudyň köpüsi, täze hökümetiň hasapçylyk usullarynyň wagtlaýyn üýtgemegi bilen baglanyşyklydy, ýagny sargyt edilen, ýöne alynmadyk ýaraglar hasaba alnan çykdajylara goşuldy. Şeýle-de bolsa, “ýewrostatyň Ýewropa Hasaplar Ulgamy” usulyýetiniň retrospektiv ulanylyşy, 1999-njy ýyldaky býudjet defisitini jemi içerki önümiň 3,38 göteriminde, 3% çäkden geçdi. Bu, Gresiýanyň 5 kriteriýanyň hemmesine laýyk gelmeýändigini we býudjet defisitiniň "nädogry" görkezijileri sebäpli ýurduň ýewro zonasyna girendigini öňe sürdi (Italiýa ýaly beýleki Ýewropa ýurtlary üçin hem şuňa meňzeş talaplar öňe sürüldi). </p><p>Birleşen Milletler Guramasynyň Ösüş Guramasynyň 2005-nji ýyldaky hasabatynda 1997-1999-njy ýyllarda täze buhgalter hasabatynyň maliýe görkezijilerine edýän täsiriniň jemi içerki önümiň (JIÖ) 0,7 göteriminden 1 göterime çenli aralygyndadygy aýdyň görkezilýär. Bu retrospektiv usulyýet üýtgemesi, 1999-njy ýylda, Gresiýanyň Ýewropa Bileleşigine giren ýylynda býudjet defisitiniň 3% -den geçmegine sebäp boldy. Bularyň hemmesi Gresiýanyň Maliýe ministrini 1999-njy ýyldaky býudjet defisitiniň Gresiýanyň Ýewropa Bileleşigine girmeginden soň Ýewropa Hasaplar Ulgamy tarapyndan kesgitlenen 3% çäkden pesdigini we Gresiýanyň kesgitlenen kriteriýalara laýyk gelýändigini düşündirmäge mejbur etdi. </p><p>Harby çykdajylaryň hasaba alynmagy, soňra ýewroostatyň maslahaty bilen gözden geçirildi we teoretiki taýdan 1999-njy ýylda ozewro zonasy üçin Gresiýanyň býudjet defisitini azaltdy (resmi ýewrostat hasaplamasy entek alynmady). </p><p>Metbugatda ýygy-ýygydan goýberilýän ýalňyşlyklaryň biri, Gresiýanyň ýewro zonasyna goşulyşmagy baradaky habary býudjet defisitini emeli usulda azaltmak üçin Amerikanyň we ozewro zonasynyň beýleki banklary bilen beýleki gurallary ulanmak baradaky çekişmäni bulaşdyrmakdyr. “Goldman Sachs” -iň üsti bilen geçirilen walýuta çalşygy, Gresiýa 2001-nji ýyldan soň býudjetine täsir eden we Gresiýanyň ýewro zonasyna goşulmagy bilen baglanyşykly bolmadyk 1 milliard dollar karzyny gizlemäge mümkinçilik berdi. </p><p>Kazyýet hasapçylary tarapyndan geçirilen gözlegler, Gresiýanyň ýewrostata iberen maglumatlarynyň manipulýasiýa görkezýändigini görkezdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deňiz_senagaty"><span id="De.C5.88iz_senagaty"></span>Deňiz senagaty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Bölümi düzet: Deňiz senagaty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Deňiz senagaty"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gämi pudagy gadymy döwürlerden bäri Gresiýanyň ykdysadyýetinde möhüm rol oýnapdyr. Jemi içerki önümiň 4,5% -ini, 160,000 adam işleýär (işçi güýjüniň 4%) we ýurduň söwda defisitiniň 1/3 bölegini tutýar. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Greek_tanker_ship.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_tanker_ship.png/250px-Greek_tanker_ship.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_tanker_ship.png/330px-Greek_tanker_ship.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_tanker_ship.png/500px-Greek_tanker_ship.png 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýa dünýädäki söwda flotunyň 16,2% -ine gözegçilik edýär. Gresiýa tankerler we gury köpçülik ýaly gämi görnüşleri boýunça ilkinji bäşlige girýär.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gresiýanyň deňiz flotunyň göwrümi 1960-njy ýyllarda iki esse artdy, esasanam gämi magnitleri Aristotel Onassis we Stawros Niarhos. Gresiýanyň häzirki zaman gämi gatnaw pudagy Ikinji jahan urşundan soň, 1940-njy ýyllarda ABŞ-nyň hökümetiniň gämi satuw kanuny arkaly has köp gämi satyn alanda döredildi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medeniýet"><span id="Medeni.C3.BDet"></span>Medeniýet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Bölümi düzet: Medeniýet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Medeniýet"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýanyň medeniýeti Minoý siwilizasiýasyndan başlap, Klassik Gresiýanyň we Rimiň agdyklyk edýän Gresiýasynyň üsti bilen birnäçe müň ýyldan gowrak ösdi. Osmanly boýuntyrygy grek medeniýetine-de täsir edipdir. Emma grek ynkylaby döwründe-de ajaýyp saz, edebiýat we surat eserleri döredildi. Prawoslaw hristiançylyk Gresiýanyň häzirki medeniýetine uly täsir edipdir. Robert Kagan ýaly käbir alymlar häzirki grek medeniýetiniň Wizantiýa we Osman imperiýalary bilen Gadymy Hellas medeniýeti bilen has ýakyn baglanyşyklydygy barada netijä geldiler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Binagärlik"><span id="Binag.C3.A4rlik"></span>Binagärlik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Bölümi düzet: Binagärlik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Binagärlik"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Attica_06-13_Athens_28_Academy_of_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Attica_06-13_Athens_28_Academy_of_Athens.jpg/220px-Attica_06-13_Athens_28_Academy_of_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Attica_06-13_Athens_28_Academy_of_Athens.jpg/330px-Attica_06-13_Athens_28_Academy_of_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Attica_06-13_Athens_28_Academy_of_Athens.jpg/440px-Attica_06-13_Athens_28_Academy_of_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Afiny akademiýasy</figcaption></figure> <p>Gadymy Gresiýada demokratik döwürde şäher döwletleri ilkinji gezek gurlup başlandy. Şäher gurluşy ösýär. Şäherler has yzygiderli gurulýar, göni köçeler ulgamy we esasy meýdança, söwda we jemgyýetçilik durmuşynyň merkezi bolan agora. Sütünler bilen goldanýan merkezi boş ýer bolan peristal diýilýän täze jaý döredildi. </p><p>Gadymy grek şäheriniň kult we binagärlik gurluşynyň merkezi şäheriň howandary hudaýy Afinyga bagyşlanan ybadathanasy bolan akropol bolupdyr. Ybadathana gurluşyk usullarynyň ösmegi bilen peripter nusgawy ybadathanalaryň bezeg stili hasaplanýar. Iň aýdyň mysal Afiny akropolynyň esasy ybadathanasy bolan Parthenondyr. Sütünler gadymy Gresiýanyň binalarynda estetika we çydamlylyk sebäpli giňden ulanylypdyr we netijede ýokary çeper binagärlik jikme-jiklikleriniň ulanylmagy we gurluşyň we gurluşyk materiallarynyň kämilleşdirilmegi binagärlik işlerinde tertip ulgamynyň ulanylmagyna sebäp bolupdyr. birleşdirildi. Gadymy grek şäheriniň jemgyýetçilik durmuşynyň ýiti ösüşi täze binalaryň: teatr, stadion, palaestra we ş.m. ýüze çykmagyna sebäp boldy. Aespius bilen Gadymy Afinyda Dioniz teatry, soň bolsa Attikanyň Gerod Odeony we täsin mermer stadiony Panathinaikos peýda boldy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:O_Partenon_de_Atenas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/O_Partenon_de_Atenas.jpg/220px-O_Partenon_de_Atenas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/O_Partenon_de_Atenas.jpg/330px-O_Partenon_de_Atenas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/O_Partenon_de_Atenas.jpg/440px-O_Partenon_de_Atenas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Parthenon, Afiny akropolisi</figcaption></figure> <p>Orta asyrlarda esasan Gresiýada we Gresiýanyň şäherlerinde ösen ybadathana binasy ýatdan çykaryldy. Housingaşaýyş jaýlarynyň ähli görnüşleri, esasan, ýeriň amatlylygyna baglylykda guruldy. Arhitektura 1830-njy ýyllarda, Afiny döwletiň paýtagty bolanda doly ösüp başlady. Arhitektorlar Stamatios Kleantis we Lysandros Kawtanzolgu şäheriň binalarynyň döredilmegine uly goşant goşdular. Şol bir wagtyň özünde daşarky arhitektorlar Tophil fon Hansen we Ernst Ziller jemgyýetçilik jaýlaryny gurmak arkaly Gresiýanyň Galkynyş binagärlik stiliniň ösmegine goşant goşdular. XIX asyrda ybadathana gurluşygynda Wizantiýa stiline tarap tendensiýa bardy. </p><p>1920-nji ýyllardan Afiny, Piraus we Saloniki port şäherleri çalt ösüp başlady we şu gün Kostas Kitsikis tarapyndan teklip edilen grekleriň köp gatly eýwanly öý gurluşygyny emele getirdi. Soňra grek arhitekturasyna funksionalizm we neoklassizm täsir edipdir. 1950-1960 Afinynyň töwereginde bag töwerekleri guruldy, bu ýerde baý grekler Gresiýanyň milli binagärlik stilinde (binagär Dmitris Pikonis) gurlan köşklerde ýaşaýardy. Aparamaz ýaşaýyş jaýlary ýygy-ýygydan guruldy (binagär Aris Konstantinidis), munuň ýerine Haralambos Sphaelos we Prokopios Wassiliadis tarapyndan döredilen täze myhmanhanalary we muzeýleri gurmak islegi bardy. Senagat we ofis arhitekturasy Takis Zenatos tarapyndan ösdürilipdir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teatr">Teatr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Bölümi düzet: Teatr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Teatr"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýanyň teatry we dramasy, Dionys hudaýynyň hormatyna oba dabaralarynda ýüze çykdy. Bu dabaralarda gepleşikleriň we teatr hereketleriniň elementlerini öz içine alýan gimnler we fallus aýdymlary hödürlendi. Gowergiň mundan beýläkki ösüşi, ilkinji aktýor hökmünde tanalýan şahyr Tespis (miladydan öňki 6-njy asyryň ikinji ýarymy) bilen baglanyşykly. </p><p>Gadymy Gresiýada teatr irki döwürlerden bäri jemgyýetçilik durmuşynda möhüm rol oýnapdyr. Teatryň roly esasanam şäher demokratiýasynyň ösüşinde (miladydan öňki V asyr) ýokarlandy. Öňdebaryjy dramaturg Aýşilus, Sopokl, Ýewripid, Aristofan eserleri grek halkynyň jemgyýetçilik, syýasy we ruhy durmuşynyň taraplaryny görkezýär. </p><p>Gadymy Gresiýada teatrda aýallaryň rollaryny erkekler ýerine ýetirýärdi. Şol bir aktýor birnäçe rol oýnardy, oňa diňe spektakly gowy okamak bilen çäklenmän, aýdym aýtmak we tans etmek hem garaşylýar. Gresiýanyň aktýorlary roldan rola we hatda şol bir rolda üýtgän maskalar geýýärdiler. Betbagtçylykly aktýorlar has uzyn görünmek üçin ýokary platforma aýakgap geýdiler. </p><p>Gresiýanyň iň köne teatr binasy Afinydaky Dioniz teatrynyň binasydyr (be ö 6 6-4-nji asyr). </p><p>Gadymy Gresiýanyň teatr medeniýeti dünýä teatr sungatynyň ösmegine uly täsir edipdir. Bu teatr mirasy Rim imperiýasynyň (esasanam irki döwürde), Galkynyş we aň-bilim döwrüniň şahsyýetleri tarapyndan giňden ulanylypdyr. Möhüm jemgyýetçilik-syýasy, pelsepe we ahlak meseleleriniň sahnalaşdyrylmagy, dramatiki eserleriň watançylyk pikirlerinden, adamlara bolan gyzyklanmasyndan, gahrymançylykly gahrymanlaryň çuňlugyndan, raýatlaryň aňyny oýandyrýan gadymy grek teatrynyň durmuşy ýokarlandyrýan aýratynlyklarydyr. tomaşaçylar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aşhana"><span id="A.C5.9Fhana"></span>Aşhana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Bölümi düzet: Aşhana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Aşhana"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merkezi Aziýa, Ýakyn Gündogar we Balkan aşpezlik däpleriniň birleşen Osman aşhanasy grek gastronomiýasynda uly yz galdyrdy. Häzirki wagtda grek aşhanasynyň düýp manysy hasaplanýan köp sanly tagamyň kökleri Osmanly aşhanasynda. Mysal üçin, baklajan ýa-da kartoşka, ýer eti we beşamel sousynyň gatlaklaryndan ybarat meşhur grek tagamy bolan moussaka, Osman imperiýasynyň moussakasyndan gelip çykandyr öýdülýär. Edil şonuň ýaly-da, dolmades (üzüm ýapraklary doldurylýar) we baklawa (dogralan hoz bilen doldurylan we şerap ýa-da bal bilen süýjedilen phyllo gatlaklaryndan ýasalan baý, süýji konditer) Osmanly döwründe Gresiýa hödürlenen aşpezlik lezzetidir. </p><p>Grek aşhanasy adaty Ortaýer deňzi ýa-da Balkan aşhanasydyr. Şeýle-de bolsa, grek aşhanasy köp babatda goňşulary Bolgariýadan, Albaniýadan we Italiýadan ýokarydyr. Ilki bilen ysly zatlar bilen tagamly. Grekler nahar bişirmekde Ýewropanyň beýleki ýurtlaryna garanyňda has ýakymly ysly zatlary ulanýarlar. Şeýle-de bolsa, grek aşhanasy ysly hasaplanmaýar. </p><p>Grek aşhanasynyň ýene bir aýratynlygy zeýtun ýagynyň köp ulanylmagydyr. Her nahara diýen ýaly goşulýar we diňe ysly tagam hökmünde däl, eýsem iýmitiň ýylylygy bejermekde hem ulanylýar. Ýene bir zerur zat limondyr. </p><p>Peýnir ýewreýler üçin buýsançdyr. Gresiýada 50 töweregi peýnir öndürilýär (her sebitiň öz resepti bar). Ýewreýler dünýäde peýniri iň köp sarp edijiler bolup, ýylda bir adama 25 kg-dan köp sarp edýärler. Peýniriň iň meşhur görnüşi, meşhur grek salatyny ýasamak üçin ulanylýan feta peýnirdir. Gresiýada bu salat "horiatiki" (daýhan) diýilýär. </p><p>Gresiýada et hem meşhur. Doňuz eti, goýun we geçiniň eti has gowy görülýär. Iň meşhur naharlarda pastision, et we adaty gök önümler bilen ýasalan moussaka bar. Balyk, gabyk balygy we beýleki deňiz önümleri hem adatydyr. </p><p>Osman imperiýasy grek aşhanasyna uly täsir edýär we grek aşhanasyndaky adaty tagamlaryň köpüsi Osman imperiýasyndan karz alýar. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Pita_giros.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pita_giros.JPG/250px-Pita_giros.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pita_giros.JPG/330px-Pita_giros.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pita_giros.JPG/500px-Pita_giros.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Mysal üçin, lawaşda et, pomidor, kartoşka, ketçup we maýonez bolup bilýän Gyros atly köçe nahary, türk döneriniň grek görnüşi bolup, Osman imperiýasyndan uýgunlaşdyryldy.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filosofiýa"><span id="Filosofi.C3.BDa"></span>Filosofiýa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Bölümi düzet: Filosofiýa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Filosofiýa"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Günbatar pelsepesi Gadymy Gresiýada dünýä indi. 6-njy asyrda Ilkinji gadymy grek filosoflaryny "Dosokratikler" diýip atlandyrmak adatydyr. Eserleriniň köpüsi hatda böleklere-de ýetip bilmedi. “Sewenedi akyldar” Dosokratikleriň arasynda aýratyn orny eýeleýär. Şolardan biri, Miletus Thales, Aristotel döwründen bäri Miletus mekdebi diýlip atlandyrylýan mekdebe degişli ilkinji grek filosofy hasaplanýar. Indiki pelsepe mekdebi, barlyk pelsepesi bilen iş salyşýan Elaitýan boldy. </p><p>Grek filosofiýasynyň nusgawy döwri adatça Sokrat, Platon we Aristotel bilen baglanyşyklydyr. Bu döwürde Gadymy Afiny grek filosofiýasynyň merkezine öwrüldi. Sokrat adam şahsyýeti hakda pikirlenen ilkinji adamdy, Platon akademiýany we nusgawy-etiki pelsepäni esaslandyrdy. Aristotel hakyky dünýä hakda ylym hökmünde pelsepäni ösdürdi. Soňra Gresiýada ýüze çykan pelsepe mekdepleriniň arasynda stoizm, epikurizm, şübhe we neoplatonizm tapawutlanýar. </p><p>Gresiýanyň Galkynyş (XV-XVIII asyr) pelsepesiniň görnükli wekilleriniň arasynda ruhany Teofilos Korydaleus, Nikolaý Mawrokordats, Wikentios Damidos we Mefodios Antrakit bar. Gadymy grek mirasyna gaýdyp gelmek Täze Grek aň-düşünjesine mahsusdy. Bu döwrüň tanymal şahsyýetleri gewgeniý Bulgaris, Iosippos Misiodakas, Lesbosly Benýamin we ynkylapçy Rigas Fereos bar. Osman imperiýasyndan garaşsyzlygyň ilkinji ýyllarynda dini pelsepe (Filipos Ioannou, Petros Brailas-Ermenis) we Gegelianizm ýaýrady. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edebiýat"><span id="Edebi.C3.BDat"></span>Edebiýat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Bölümi düzet: Edebiýat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Edebiýat"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Solomos_portrait_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Solomos_portrait_2.jpg/250px-Solomos_portrait_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Solomos_portrait_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Gresiýanyň döwlet gimniniň awtory Dionisios Salamos</figcaption></figure> <p>Grek edebiýaty üç döwre bölünýär: Gadymy grek, wizantiýa we häzirki grek edebiýaty. Gadymy Gresiýada edebiýat nusgawy ylymdan, bilimden we sungatdan öň ösüpdir. Takmynan m. Ol. 8-nji asyrda Gomer "Iliad" we "Odisseý", grek eposy bilen baglanyşykly we Troýan söweşini suratlandyrýan goşgular ýazypdyr. Gesiod Gomeriň däplerini "Teogoniýa" goşgusy bilen dowam etdirdi. Safonyň we Anakronyň goşgularyndan sitatalar bize geldi we bu goşgularyň atlary häzirki wagtda Safira öýi we Anakreontik ady bilen tanalýar. Gadymy grek teatry garaşsyz reanr hökmünde ösüpdir, olaryň esasy wekilleri Aýşil, Sopokl, ipewripid we Aristofan bolupdyr. </p><p>Buzan edebiýaty döwri IV-XV. Asyrlary öz içine alýar we Orta grek dilinde ýazylypdyr. Bu döwrüň edebiýaty şu güne çenli saklanyp galyp, esasan buthana tarapyndan döredilip, Wizantiýanyň ykdysady we syýasy durmuşynda möhüm rol oýnapdyr. Şeýle-de bolsa, bu döwrüň edebiýatynda ellinistik proza däpleri miras galypdyr. XI-XII. Asyrlaryň meşhur "Aleksandriýa" hekaýasy dürli neşirýatlarda hristianlaşdyrylan Beýik Aleksandr hakda ertekilerden doly. Şol döwrüň şahyrlarynyň arasynda Roman Kahtsraergiç tapawutlanýar, ýazan müňden gowrak aýdymyň takmynan 80-si bize ýetdi. Jorji Amartolyň ýyl ýazgylary uly taryhy-geologiki ähmiýete eýe. </p><p>Häzirki zaman grek edebiýatynyň döreýşi Witsendzos Koranas tarapyndan milli dilde ýazylan Kretan galkynyş goşgusy "Erotokritos" bilen boldy. Goşgy on müň setirden ybarat bolup, gahryman Erotokritosyň edermenligi, sabyrlylygy we söýgüsi hakda gürrüň berýär. Grek ynkylaby häzirki grek edebiýatynyň ösmegine uly goşant goşdy. Ideologiki lideri kaphaerwusa Adamantios Korias bolan Afiny purist mekdebi we "Azatlyk Gimni" (Gresiýanyň gimni boldy) awtory Dionisios Salamosyň ýolbaşçylygyndaky Ion mekdebi ýüze çykdy. Dimotigi janly milli dil hökmünde wagyz etdiler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saz">Saz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Bölümi düzet: Saz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Saz"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Milli aýdym-saz, Bolgariýa, Serbiýa, Öňki Ýugoslaw Makedoniýa ýaly beýleki Balkan ýurtlarynyň aýdym-sazyna ýakyn. Aýdymlarynyň meňzeş ritmleri we meňzeş reňkleri bar. </p><p>Gresiýanyň milli aýdymy Rebetiko. 20-nji asyryň başynda, Kiçi Aziýa betbagtçylygyndan soň Gresiýa köp bosgun gelende we Kiçi Aziýanyň günbataryndaky Ion sazy grek sazy bilen birleşende döredildi. Rebetika stili Gresiýanyň hökümeti tarapyndan kabul edilmedi, şonuň üçin bu aýdym diňe 1950-nji ýylda Manos Khandzakis we Mikis Teodarakis ýaly kompozitorlaryň howandarlygynda halka elýeterli boldy. Bu kompozitorlar gadymy Bhuzan aýdymlarynyň elementlerini öz içine alýan saz hereketi hökmünde rebetikany ösdürdiler. </p><p>Häzirki zaman meşhur aýdym-sazlaryna Günbatar täsir edýär. Şeýle-de bolsa, bu aýdymlarda köplenç grek sazynyň elementlerini we bouzouki ýaly milli gurallaryň ulanylyşyny görüp bilersiňiz. </p><p>2005-nji ýylda Elena Paparizou Gresiýa üçin Ýewrowideniýe aýdym bäsleşiginde ilkinji gezek "Number One" aýdymy bilen ýeňiji boldy. </p><p>Häzirki Gresiýa sungaty "Täze döwür" stiline ýakyn bolan kompozitorlara az däl. Bularyň arasynda dünýä belli Wangelis we Ianni we has az tanalýan Kris Sferis we Stamatis Spanoudakis bar. </p><p>Rok ýaşlaryň arasynda gaty meşhurdyr. “Rotting Christ” 1987-nji ýylda Afinyda döredilen grek metal-rok topary bolup, ýurduň daşynda-da meşhur. Beýleki görnükli rok toparlary “Septic Flesh” we “Homo iratus”. Aristotel Onassiniň uzak wagtlap dosty bolan opera aýdymçysy Mariýa Kallas aýdym-saz dünýäsiniň hadysalarynyň biri hasaplanýar. Marios Frangoulis häzirki zaman grek opera aýdymçysy. Antigoni Goni dünýä belli häzirki zaman gitaraçy. </p><p>“Sirtaki” atly ýaş tans Gresiýanyň nyşanlaryndan biri hasaplanýar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Bölümi düzet: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dunanystan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>çeşmäni düzet</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gresiýa sport watany hasaplanýar, sebäbi Olimpiýa oýunlary Gresiýada doguldy. a. 776-njy ýylda Olimpiýa şäherinde. Gresiýada häzirki zaman Olimpiýa oýunlary birnäçe gezek geçirildi: 1870, 1875, 1896 we 2004-nji ýyllarda. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/250px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/330px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/500px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Futbol sporty gaty ösdi. Gresiýanyň milli futbol topary 2012-nji ýyldaky FIFA reýtinginde 14-nji ýerde durýar. Toparyň taryhynda ýeke-täk möhüm üstünlik Ýewro-2004-de (soňky oýunda Portugaliýa toparyny ýeňip) birinji orny hasaplamak bolar. Mainurduň esasy çempionaty 16 klubdan ybarat Gresiýanyň ýokary ligasy bolup, iň üstünlikli “Olimpiakos”, “Panathinaikos” we “NPP Afiny”. </p><p>Basketbol sporty ýokary derejede. Gresiýanyň milli basketbol topary 2012-nji ýyla çenli FIBA dünýä reýtinginde 4-nji ýerde durýar. Topar 1987-nji we 2005-nji ýyllarda iki gezek Ýewropa çempionatynda (EuroBasket) ýeňiji boldy we soňky dört FIBA dünýä çempionatynda üç gezek çärýek finala çykdy we 2006-njy ýylda dünýäde ikinji ýeri eýeledi. Gresiýada iň ýokary basketbol ligasyna A1 Etniki diýilýär we 14 klubdan ybarat bolup, olaryň arasynda iň üstünlikli "Olimpiakos", "Panathinaikos", "AEK Afiny" we "Aris Saloniki". </p><p>Suw polosy, woleýbol, kriket we gandbol hem meşhur sport görnüşleri. </p> <table class="navbox collapsible collapsed nowraplinks" style="margin:auto; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;width:100%;background: #ccccff;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:%C3%9Dewropany%C5%88_%C3%BDurtlary" title="Şablon:Ýewropanyň ýurtlary"><span title="Şu şablony gör" style="">g</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon_%C3%A7eki%C5%9Fme:%C3%9Dewropany%C5%88_%C3%BDurtlary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şablon çekişme:Ýewropanyň ýurtlary (sahypa ýok)"><span title="Şu şablon baradaky çekişme" style="">ç</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:%C3%9Dewropany%C5%88_%C3%BDurtlary&action=edit"><span title="Şu şablony redaktirle" style=";">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Dewropa" title="Ýewropa">Ýewropanyň</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dewropany%C5%88_d%C3%B6wletlerini%C5%88_we_gara%C5%9Fly_territori%C3%BDalaryny%C5%88_sanawy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ýewropanyň döwletleriniň we garaşly territoriýalarynyň sanawy (sahypa ýok)">ýurtlary</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;background: #ccccff; text-align: left;">Ýurtlar</th> <td style="width:100%;"> <a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%BDa" title="Albaniýa">Albaniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Awstri%C3%BDa" title="Awstriýa">Awstriýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Azerba%C3%BDjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaýjan">Azerbaýjan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%BDa" title="Belgiýa">Belgiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belorussi%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Belorussiýa">Belorussiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Be%C3%BDik_Britani%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Beýik Britaniýa">Beýik Britaniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bolgari%C3%BDa" title="Bolgariýa">Bolgariýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%BDa_we_Gersegowina" title="Bosniýa we Gersegowina">Bosniýa we Gersegowina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ehi%C3%BDa" title="Çehiýa">Çehiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ernogori%C3%BDa" title="Çernogoriýa">Çernogoriýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%BDa" title="Daniýa">Daniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Estoni%C3%BDa" title="Estoniýa">Estoniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%BDandi%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Finlýandiýa">Finlýandiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fransi%C3%BDa" title="Fransiýa">Fransiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gazagystan" title="Gazagystan">Gazagystan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Germani%C3%BDa" title="Germaniýa">Germaniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gresi%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresiýa">Gresiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gruzi%C3%BDa" title="Gruziýa">Gruziýa</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Horwati%C3%BDa" title="Horwatiýa">Horwatiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Irlandi%C3%BDa_Respublikasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandiýa Respublikasy">Irlandiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Islandi%C3%BDa" title="Islandiýa">Islandiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ispani%C3%BDa" title="Ispaniýa">Ispaniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%BDa" title="Italiýa">Italiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kipr_Respublikasy" title="Kipr Respublikasy">Kipr</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Latwi%C3%BDa" title="Latwiýa">Latwiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lihten%C5%9Fte%C3%BDn" title="Lihtenşteýn">Lihtenşteýn</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa">Litwa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BDuksemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lýuksemburg">Lýuksemburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Makedoni%C3%BDa_Respublikasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Makedoniýa Respublikasy">Makedoniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Malta_(d%C3%B6wlet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta (döwlet)">Malta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Moldawi%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldawiýa">Moldawiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Niderlandi%C3%BDa" title="Niderlandiýa">Niderlandiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Norwegi%C3%BDa" title="Norwegiýa">Norwegiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa" title="Polşa">Polşa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Portugali%C3%BDa" title="Portugaliýa">Portugaliýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rumyni%C3%BDa" title="Rumyniýa">Rumyniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Russi%C3%BDa" title="Russiýa">Russiýa</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/San-Marino" title="San-Marino">San-Marino</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Serbi%C3%BDa" title="Serbiýa">Serbiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slowaki%C3%BDa" title="Slowakiýa">Slowakiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%BDa" title="Sloweniýa">Sloweniýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ewesi%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Şwesiýa">Şwesiýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ewe%C3%BDsari%C3%BDa" title="Şweýsariýa">Şweýsariýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrki%C3%BDe" title="Türkiýe">Türkiýe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Watikan" title="Watikan">Watikan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wengri%C3%BDa" title="Wengriýa">Wengriýa</a></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; padding-left:7px; width:0%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%BDl:LocationEurope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/150px-LocationEurope.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/225px-LocationEurope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/300px-LocationEurope.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;background: #ccccff; text-align: left;">Garaşly territoriýalar</th> <td style="width:100%;background: #ccccff;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akrotiri_we_Dekeli%C3%BDa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akrotiri we Dekeliýa (sahypa ýok)">Akrotiri we Dekeliýa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aland_adalary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aland adalary (sahypa ýok)">Aland adalary</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farer_adalary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farer adalary (sahypa ýok)">Farer adalary</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gernsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gernsi (sahypa ýok)">Gernsi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibraltar (sahypa ýok)">Gibraltar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jersi (sahypa ýok)">Jersi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Men_adasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Men adasy (sahypa ýok)">Men adasy</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Episbergen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şpisbergen (sahypa ýok)">Şpisbergen</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dan-Ma%C3%BDen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ýan-Maýen (sahypa ýok)">Ýan-Maýen</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"> <sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Azi%C3%BDa" title="Aziýa">Aziýada</a> hem ýerleşýär;</td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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