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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Paleo-Inuit_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Paleo-Inuit_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early Paleo-Inuit cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Paleo-Inuit_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norse_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norse_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Norse settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norse_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thule_culture_(1300–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thule_culture_(1300–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Thule culture (1300–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thule_culture_(1300–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1500–1814" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1500–1814"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1500–1814</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1500–1814-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Kiel_to_World_War_II_(1814–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Kiel_to_World_War_II_(1814–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Treaty of Kiel to World War II (1814–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Kiel_to_World_War_II_(1814–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_rule_and_self-rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_rule_and_self-rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Home rule and self-rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_rule_and_self-rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Political system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Social issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fertility_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fertility_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>Fertility control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fertility_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fine_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Fine arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 203 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groenland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grönland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ግሪንላንድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግሪንላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C3%A1n%C3%A1%C3%A1eenn%C3%A2m" title="Ruánááeennâm – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruánááeennâm" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="ग्रीनलैंड – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ग्रीनलैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%93neland" title="Grēneland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Grēneland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جرينلاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرينلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B4nelanda" title="Grônelanda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Grônelanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyro%E1%BA%BDl%C3%A1ndia" title="Gyroẽlándia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gyroẽlándia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrenlandiya" title="Qrenlandiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrenlandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="قرینلند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرینلند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Greenland" title="Nusa Greenland – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nusa Greenland" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="গ্রিনল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিনল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kek-l%C3%AEm-l%C3%A2n" title="Kek-lîm-lân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kek-lîm-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Гренландия (административ берәмек) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гренландия (административ берәмек)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Грэнландыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэнландыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Грэнляндыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грэнляндыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grenland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3" title="གེ་རེན་ལ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གེ་རེན་ལ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grenland" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greunland" title="Greunland – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Greunland" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenl%C3%A0ndia" title="Groenlàndia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Groenlàndia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Гренланди – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гренланди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandiya" title="Groenlandiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Groenlandiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B3nsko" title="Grónsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grónsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Ynys_Las" title="Yr Ynys Las – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Ynys Las" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grønland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaat" title="Kalaallit Nunaat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kalaallit Nunaat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grönland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%AA" title="ގުރީންލޭންޑު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގުރީންލޭންޑު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CA%BCa%CA%BCaahj%C3%AD_Hak%CA%BCaz_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Haʼaʼaahjí Hakʼaz Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haʼaʼaahjí Hakʼaz Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nlandska" title="Grönlandska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Grönlandska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6%C3%B6nimaa" title="Gröönimaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gröönimaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γροιλανδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γροιλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronlando" title="Gronlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gronlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گرینلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرینلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Grønland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groenland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grienl%C3%A2n" title="Grienlân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grienlân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghraonlainn" title="An Ghraonlainn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghraonlainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlynn" title="Greenlynn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Greenlynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandiya" title="Grenlandiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Grenlandiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Ghraonlainn" title="A' Ghraonlainn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Ghraonlainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1" title="ग्रीनलँड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ग्रीनलँड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="그린란드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그린란드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գրենլանդիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրենլանդիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="ग्रीनलैण्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रीनलैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nlandska" title="Grönlandska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Grönlandska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grenland" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlando" title="Grenlando – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grenlando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="গ্রীনল্যান্ড – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গ্রীনল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grenland" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%91%AF%E1%91%AD%E1%91%A6%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaa%C5%82%C5%82it_Nunaat" title="Kalaałłit Nunaat – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kalaałłit Nunaat" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Гренланди – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гренланди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinlend" title="Grinlend – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Grinlend" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nland" title="Grænland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grænland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="גרינלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרינלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunlan" title="Grunlan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Grunlan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroweland%C9%A9" title="Krowelandɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Krowelandɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaat" title="Kalaallit Nunaat – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Kalaallit Nunaat" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗ್ರೀನ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರೀನ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გრენლანდია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრენლანდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandzk%C3%B4" title="Grenlandzkô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Grenlandzkô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greunlond" title="Greunlond – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Greunlond" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goronulande" title="Goronulande – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Goronulande" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinlann" title="Grinlann – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Grinlann" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%AEnlenda" title="Grînlenda – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Grînlenda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ໂກຣແອນລັງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂກຣແອນລັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlande" title="Grenlande – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grenlande" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Grönland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandija" title="Grenlandija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grenlandija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B2enlandia" title="Gròenlandia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gròenlandia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greunland" title="Greunland – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Greunland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandi" title="Groenlandi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Groenlandi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronland" title="Gronland – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gronland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaat" title="Kalaallit Nunaat – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kalaallit Nunaat" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grönland" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="ग्रीनल्याण्ड – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ग्रीनल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гренланд – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гренланд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlanda" title="Groenlanda – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Groenlanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്രീൻലാൻഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രീൻലാൻഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir%C4%ABnirangi" title="Kirīnirangi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kirīnirangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1" title="ग्रीनलँड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रीनलँड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გრენლანდია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრენლანდია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جرينلاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرينلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂရိန်လာန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂရိန်လာန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گرینلند – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گرینلند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯂꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гренланд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гренланд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂရင်းလန်ကျွန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရင်းလန်ကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groenland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruunlaand" title="Gruunlaand – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gruunlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="ग्रिनल्यान्ड – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्रिनल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="グリーンランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グリーンランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0)" title="Гренланди (административан дакъа) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гренланди (административан дакъа)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlun" title="Greenlun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Greenlun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griinland" title="Griinland – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Griinland" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grønland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grønland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdi-lande" title="Verdi-lande – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Verdi-lande" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenl%C3%A0ndia" title="Groenlàndia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Groenlàndia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гренландий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гренландий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1" title="ଗ୍ରୀନଲାଣ୍ଡ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗ୍ରୀନଲାଣ୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griinlaandi" title="Griinlaandi – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Griinlaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਗਰੀਨਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਰੀਨਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="گرین لینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرین لینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89" title="ګرينلينډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګرينلينډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ក្រូអិនឡង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្រូអិនឡង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Groenland" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6%C3%B6nland" title="Gröönland – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gröönland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandia" title="Grenlandia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grenlandia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronel%C3%A2ndia" title="Gronelândia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gronelândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlanda" title="Groenlanda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Groenlanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalallitsuyu" title="Kalallitsuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kalallitsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ґронсько – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґронсько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Гренландия (административная единица) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гренландия (административная единица)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenl%C3%A0ndia" title="Groenlàndia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Groenlàndia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A4inlound" title="Gräinlound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Gräinlound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlanda" title="Groenlanda – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Groenlanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlannia" title="Groenlannia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Groenlannia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="ග්‍රීන්ලන්තය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ග්‍රීන්ලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="گرين لينڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرين لينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B3nsko" title="Grónsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grónsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandija" title="Grenlandija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grenlandija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grynlandyj%C5%8F" title="Grynlandyjŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Grynlandyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griinland" title="Griinland – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Griinland" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گرینلەند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گرینلەند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гренланд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гренланд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grenland" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemah_H%C3%A9jo" title="Lemah Héjo – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lemah Héjo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nlanti" title="Grönlanti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grönlanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grönland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandiya" title="Groenlandiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Groenlandiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="கிறீன்லாந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறீன்லாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinland" title="Grinland – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Grinland" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၵရိၼ်းလႅၼ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵရိၼ်းလႅၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="గ్రీన్‌లాండ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రీన్‌లాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="กรีนแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรีนแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гренланд – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гренланд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulinilani" title="Kulinilani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kulinilani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%A4%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%99%E1%8E%AF" title="ᎢᏤᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏤᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grönland" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandi%C3%BDa" title="Grenlandiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Grenlandiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гренландія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гренландія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="گرین لینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرین لینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گرېنلاندىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گرېنلاندىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenl%C3%A0ndia" title="Groenlàndia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Groenlàndia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Grenland" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6ne%C3%A4n" title="Gröneän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gröneän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaat" title="Kalaallit Nunaat – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kalaallit Nunaat" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD" title="格陵蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="格陵蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Groenland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlaand" title="Groenlaand – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Groenlaand" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格陵兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="גרינלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרינלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%ADnl%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Grínlándì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Grínlándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD" title="格陵蘭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格陵蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronlanda" title="Gronlanda – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gronlanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hroenland" title="Hroenland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Hroenland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenland%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Grenlandėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Grenlandėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格陵兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunlan" title="Grunlan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Grunlan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Greenland" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark in North America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Danish territory. For the island itself, see <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Geography of Greenland</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Greenland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Greenland (disambiguation)">Greenland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Greenland" title="Special:EditPage/Greenland">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Greenland%22">"Greenland"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Greenland%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Greenland%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Greenland%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Greenland%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Greenland%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous territory in the Kingdom of Denmark</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Greenland</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Greenlandic-language text"><i lang="kl">Kalaallit Nunaat</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>)</span></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Grønland</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Autonomous territory in the Kingdom of Denmark</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greenland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Greenland"><img alt="Flag of Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/130px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/195px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/260px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greenland" title="Flag of Greenland">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Greenland"><img alt="Official seal of Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="574" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland" title="Coat of arms of Greenland">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: <br /><span title="Greenlandic-language text"><span lang="kl" style="font-style: normal;">"<a href="/wiki/Nunarput,_utoqqarsuanngoravit" title="Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit">Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit</a>"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>)</span><br />"You Our Ancient Land"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit" title="Kalaallit">Kalaallit</a> song</b>: <br /><span title="Greenlandic-language text"><span lang="kl" style="font-style: normal;">"<a href="/wiki/Nuna_asiilasooq" title="Nuna asiilasooq">Nuna asiilasooq</a>"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>)</span><br />"The Land of Great Length"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="186" data-mwtitle="Nuna_asiilasooq.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/Nuna_asiilasooq.ogg/Nuna_asiilasooq.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Nuna_asiilasooq.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANuna_asiilasooq.ogg&lang=da&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="da" label="dansk ‪(da)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANuna_asiilasooq.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANuna_asiilasooq.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANuna_asiilasooq.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANuna_asiilasooq.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANuna_asiilasooq.ogg&lang=kl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kl" label="kalaallisut ‪(kl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANuna_asiilasooq.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Greenland"><img alt="Location of Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Greenland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/290px-Greenland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Greenland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/435px-Greenland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Greenland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/580px-Greenland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Greenland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Union with Norway</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1262</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dano-Norwegian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Norwegian empire">Danish-Norwegian recolonization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1721</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Cession to Denmark</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 January 1814</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">Home rule</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1979</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Further <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Self rule">self rule</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21 June 2009<sup id="cite_ref-selvstyre_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selvstyre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-selfrule_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selfrule-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Greenland&params=64_10_N_51_44_W_type:city_region:GL-SM"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">64°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">51°44′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">64.167°N 51.733°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">64.167; -51.733</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a><sup id="cite_ref-languages_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognized languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, and other languages if necessary<sup id="cite_ref-languages_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2020<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>89.5% <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Inuit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including multi-ethnic <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European</a>-<a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a> and other <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_peoples" title="North Germanic peoples">Nordic</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>7.5% <a href="/wiki/Danish_people_in_Greenland" title="Danish people in Greenland">Danish</a></li> <li>1.1% other <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_peoples" title="North Germanic peoples">Nordic</a></li> <li>1.9% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Greenland">Others</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greenland" title="Church of Greenland">Church of Greenland</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Greenlander</li><li>Greenlandic</li><li>Danish</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greenland" title="Politics of Greenland">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolved government</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Realm Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_High_Commissioners_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Danish High Commissioners in Greenland">High Commissioner</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Pr%C3%A6st_Wilche" title="Julie Præst Wilche">Julie Præst Wilche</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Greenlandic Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Múte Bourup Egede</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Inatsisartut" title="List of speakers of the Inatsisartut">Speaker of the Inatsisartut</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Karlsen" title="Mimi Karlsen">Mimi Karlsen</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketinget</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Realm</a> legislature)</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Inatsisartut</a> <small>(Local legislature)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">National representation</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Folketing,_2022%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the Folketing, 2022–present">2 members</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,166,086 km<sup>2</sup> (836,330 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">83.1<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,700 m (12,100 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland" title="Demographics of Greenland">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span>56,583<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">210th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.028/km<sup>2</sup> (0.1/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2011 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.8 billion<sup id="cite_ref-Greenland_in_Figures_2013_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenland_in_Figures_2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$37,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2020 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">DKK 20.1 billion<sup id="cite_ref-DANMARKS.NATIONALBANK_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANMARKS.NATIONALBANK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />$3.08 billion<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">DKK 358,000<sup id="cite_ref-DANMARKS.NATIONALBANK_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANMARKS.NATIONALBANK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />$54,694<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2015)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33.9<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2010)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.786<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">61st</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">DKK</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC±00:00">UTC±00:00</a> to <a href="/wiki/UTC-04:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-04:00">UTC-04:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd-mm-yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Greenland" title="Telephone numbers in Greenland">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Greenland" title="Telephone numbers in Greenland">+299</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal codes</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">39xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GL" title="ISO 3166-2:GL">GL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.gl" title=".gl">.gl</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Greenland</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>: <i lang="kl">Kalaallit Nunaat</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="kl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">[kalaːɬːit<span class="wrap"> </span>nʉnaːt]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Grønland</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="da-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">[ˈkʁɶnˌlænˀ]</a></span>) is a North American island <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous territory</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Kingdom of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the larger of two autonomous territories within the Kingdom, the other being the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>; the citizens of both territories are full <a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">citizens of Denmark</a>. As Greenland is one of the <a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area#Overseas_countries_and_territories" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">Overseas Countries and Territories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, citizens of Greenland are <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union citizens">European Union citizens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-worldfactbook_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldfactbook-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital and largest city of Greenland is <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-worldfactbook_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldfactbook-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland lies between the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic</a> and Atlantic oceans, east of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Archipelago" title="Arctic Archipelago">Canadian Arctic Archipelago</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">world's largest island</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the location of the northernmost point of land in the world – <a href="/wiki/Kaffeklubben_Island" title="Kaffeklubben Island">Kaffeklubben Island</a> off the northern coast is the world's <a href="/wiki/Northernmost_point_of_land" title="Northernmost point of land">northernmost undisputed point of land</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Morris_Jesup" title="Cape Morris Jesup">Cape Morris Jesup</a> on the mainland was thought to be so until the 1960s. </p><p>Though a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers) for more than a millennium, beginning in 986.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2000_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland has been inhabited at intervals over at least the last 4,500 years by <a href="/wiki/Circumpolar_peoples" title="Circumpolar peoples">circumpolar peoples</a> whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-natmus_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natmus-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Norsemen</a> settled the uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Norse_settlements_in_Greenland" title="Norse settlements in Greenland">southern part of Greenland</a> beginning in the 10th century (having previously <a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Iceland" title="Settlement of Iceland">settled Iceland</a>), and the 13th century saw the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>. </p><p>In the early 17th century, Dano-Norwegian explorers reached Greenland again. When Denmark and Norway separated in 1814, Greenland was transferred to the Danish crown, and was fully integrated in the Danish state in 1953 under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution of Denmark</a>, which made the people in Greenland citizens of Denmark. In the <a href="/wiki/1979_Greenlandic_home_rule_referendum" title="1979 Greenlandic home rule referendum">1979 Greenlandic home rule referendum</a>, Denmark granted <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> to Greenland; in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Greenlandic_self-government_referendum" title="2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum">2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum</a>, Greenlanders voted for the Self-Government Act, which transferred more power from the Danish government to the local <a href="/wiki/Naalakkersuisut" title="Naalakkersuisut">Naalakkersuisut</a> (Greenlandic government).<sup id="cite_ref-Greenland_In_Figures_2012_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenland_In_Figures_2012-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under this structure, Greenland gradually assumed responsibility for a number of governmental services and areas of competence. The Danish government retains control of citizenship, monetary policy, and foreign affairs, including defence. Most residents of Greenland are Inuit.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population is concentrated mainly on the southwest coast, and the rest of the island is sparsely populated. Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the <a href="/wiki/Greenland_ice_sheet" title="Greenland ice sheet">only permanent ice sheet</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. With a population of 56,583 (2022),<sup id="cite_ref-population_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">least densely populated region</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-popden_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popden-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sixty-seven percent of its electricity production comes from renewable energy, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg/220px-Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg/330px-Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg/440px-Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Greenland is visible from space. <a href="/wiki/Arctic_ice_pack" title="Arctic ice pack">Arctic Sea ice</a> is not shown.</figcaption></figure> <p>The early Norse settlers named the island <i>Greenland</i>. In the <a href="/wiki/Sagas_of_Icelanders" title="Sagas of Icelanders">Icelandic sagas</a>, the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a> was exiled from Iceland with his father, Thorvald, who had committed manslaughter. With his extended family and his <a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">thralls</a> <span class="gloss-quot">(</span><span class="gloss-text">slaves or serfs</span><span class="gloss-quot">)</span>, he set out in ships to explore an icy land known to lie to the northwest. After finding a habitable area and settling there, he named it <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gr%C5%93nland" class="extiw" title="wikt:Grœnland">Grœnland</a></i></span> (translated as "Greenland"), supposedly in the hope that the pleasant name would attract settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ancientstandard_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancientstandard-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grove_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Saga_of_Erik_the_Red" title="Saga of Erik the Red">Saga of Erik the Red</a></i> states: "In the summer, Erik left to settle in the country he had found, which he called Greenland, as he said people would be attracted there if it had a favorable name."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name of the territory in the <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic language</a> is <span title="Greenlandic-language text"><i lang="kl">Kalaallit Nunaat</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">land of the Kalaallit</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-InuitDictionary_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InuitDictionary-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kalaallit" title="Kalaallit">Kalaallit</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Greenlandic Inuit</a> who inhabit the territory's western region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Greenland" title="History of Greenland">History of Greenland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Greenland" title="Timeline of Greenland">Timeline of Greenland</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Paleo-Inuit_cultures">Early Paleo-Inuit cultures</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence-fjord.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Independence-fjord.svg/170px-Independence-fjord.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Independence-fjord.svg/255px-Independence-fjord.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Independence-fjord.svg/340px-Independence-fjord.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Areas of Independence I and Independence II cultures around Independence Fjord</figcaption></figure> <p>In prehistoric times, Greenland was home to several successive <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Inuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Inuit">Paleo-Inuit</a> cultures known primarily through archaeological finds. The earliest entry of the Paleo-Inuit into Greenland is thought to have occurred about 2500 BC. From about 2500 BC to 800 BC, southern and western Greenland was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Saqqaq_culture" title="Saqqaq culture">Saqqaq culture</a>. Most finds of remains from that period have been around <a href="/wiki/Disko_Bay" title="Disko Bay">Disko Bay</a>, including the site of Saqqaq, for which the culture is named.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2400 BC to 1300 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Independence_I_culture" title="Independence I culture">Independence I culture</a> existed in northern Greenland. It was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_small_tool_tradition" title="Arctic small tool tradition">Arctic small-tool tradition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenland_History_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenland_History-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenland_Migration_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenland_Migration-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towns, including <a href="/wiki/Deltaterrasserne" title="Deltaterrasserne">Deltaterrasserne</a>, appeared. About 800 BC, the Saqqaq culture disappeared and the Early <a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset culture</a> emerged in western Greenland and the <a href="/wiki/Independence_II_culture" title="Independence II culture">Independence II culture</a> in northern Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dorset culture was the first culture to extend throughout the Greenlandic coastal areas, in the west and the east. It lasted until the total onset of the <a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule culture</a>, in AD 1500. The people of the Dorset culture lived mainly by hunting <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norse_settlement">Norse settlement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Runesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Runesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg/220px-Runesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Runesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg/330px-Runesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Runesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg/440px-Runesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kingittorsuaq_Runestone" title="Kingittorsuaq Runestone">Kingittorsuaq Runestone</a> is from <a href="/wiki/Kingittorsuaq_Island" title="Kingittorsuaq Island">Kingittorsuaq Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>).</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Norse_settlements_in_Greenland" title="Norse settlements in Greenland">Norse settlements in Greenland</a></div> <p>From 986, the west coast was settled by <a href="/wiki/Icelanders" title="Icelanders">Icelanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a>, through a contingent of 14 boats led by Erik the Red. They formed three settlements—the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Settlement" title="Eastern Settlement">Eastern Settlement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Settlement" title="Western Settlement">Western Settlement</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ivittuut" title="Ivittuut">Middle Settlement</a>—on fjords near the southwestern tip of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2000_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They shared the island with the late Dorset culture inhabitants, who occupied the northern and western parts, and later with those of the Thule culture, who entered from the north. Norse Greenlanders submitted to Norwegian rule in 1261 under the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Kingdom of Norway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia.com-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kingdom of Norway entered a personal union with Denmark in 1380, and from 1397 was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Norse settlements, such as <a href="/wiki/Brattahl%C3%AD%C3%B0" title="Brattahlíð">Brattahlíð</a>, thrived for centuries, before disappearing in the 15th century, perhaps at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">Little Ice Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Diamond_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diamond-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except some runic inscriptions, the only contemporary records or <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> that survives from the Norse settlements is of their contact with Iceland or Norway. Medieval Norwegian sagas and historical works mention Greenland's economy, the bishops of <a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar,_Greenland" title="Garðar, Greenland">Gardar</a>, and the collection of tithes. A chapter in the <i><a href="/wiki/Konungs_skuggsj%C3%A1" title="Konungs skuggsjá">Konungs skuggsjá</a></i> (<i>The King's Mirror</i>) describes <a href="/wiki/Norse_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse Greenland">Norse Greenland</a>'s exports, imports, and grain cultivation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hvalsey_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hvalsey_Church.jpg/220px-Hvalsey_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hvalsey_Church.jpg/330px-Hvalsey_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hvalsey_Church.jpg/440px-Hvalsey_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>One of the last contemporary written mentions of the <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> Greenlanders records a marriage that took place in 1408 in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hvalsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Hvalsey">church of Hvalsey</a>, now the best-preserved Nordic ruins in Greenland. The married couple then travelled to Iceland, which is why the account has been preserved.</figcaption></figure> <p>Icelandic saga accounts of life in Greenland were composed in the 13th century and later, and are not primary sources for the history of early Norse Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those accounts are closer to primary for more contemporaneous accounts of late Norse Greenland. Modern understanding therefore mostly depends on the physical data from archeological sites. Interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Ice_core" title="Ice core">ice-core</a> and clam-shell data suggests that between AD 800 and 1300 the regions around the fjords of southern Greenland had a relatively mild climate, several degrees Celsius warmer than usual in the North Atlantic<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with trees and <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous plants</a> growing and livestock being farmed. <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">Barley</a> was grown as a crop up to the 70th parallel.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ice cores show that Greenland has had dramatic temperature shifts many times in the past 100,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly the <a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Icelandic Book of Settlements</a> records famines during the winters, in which "the old and helpless were killed and thrown over cliffs".<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These <a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse settlements</a> vanished during the 14th and early 15th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The demise of the Western Settlement coincides with a decrease in summer and winter temperatures. A study of North Atlantic seasonal temperature variability during the Little Ice Age showed a significant decrease in maximum summer temperatures beginning about the turn of the 14th century—as much as 6 to 8 °C (11 to 14 °F) lower than modern summer temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study also found that the lowest winter temperatures of the last 2,000 years occurred in the late 14th century and early 15th century. The Eastern Settlement was probably abandoned in the early to mid-15th century, during <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">this cold period</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DanishColonialEmpire(FIX).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DanishColonialEmpire%28FIX%29.png/220px-DanishColonialEmpire%28FIX%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DanishColonialEmpire%28FIX%29.png/330px-DanishColonialEmpire%28FIX%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DanishColonialEmpire%28FIX%29.png/440px-DanishColonialEmpire%28FIX%29.png 2x" data-file-width="6256" data-file-height="3403" /></a><figcaption>Extent of the Dano-Norwegian possessions (1536–1814)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorset,_Norse,_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg/330px-Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg/495px-Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg/660px-Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Estimated extent of Arctic cultures in Greenland from 900 AD to 1500 AD. Colored areas on each map indicate the extent and migration patterns over time of the <a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America#Norse_Greenland" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse</a> cultures.</figcaption></figure> <p>Theories drawn from archeological excavations at <a href="/wiki/Herjolfsnes" title="Herjolfsnes">Herjolfsnes</a> in the 1920s suggest that the condition of human bones from this period indicates that the Norse population was malnourished, possibly because of <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">soil erosion</a> resulting from the Norsemen's destruction of natural vegetation in the course of farming, turf-cutting, and wood-cutting. Malnutrition may also have resulted from widespread deaths from <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> plague;<sup id="cite_ref-IngstadIngstad2000_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngstadIngstad2000-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the decline in temperatures during the Little Ice Age; and armed conflicts with the <i><a href="/wiki/Skr%C3%A6ling" title="Skræling">Skrælings</a></i> (Norse word for Inuit, meaning "wretches"<sup id="cite_ref-Diamond_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diamond-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Recent archeological studies somewhat challenge the general assumption that the Norse colonization had a dramatic negative environmental effect on the vegetation. Data support traces of a possible Norse soil amendment strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent evidence suggests that the Norse, who never numbered more than about 2,500, gradually abandoned the Greenland settlements over the 15th century as <a href="/wiki/Walrus_ivory" title="Walrus ivory">walrus ivory</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LeoneKnauf2015_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeoneKnauf2015-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the most valuable export from Greenland, decreased in price because of competition with other sources of higher-quality ivory, and that there was actually little evidence of starvation or difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other explanations of the disappearance of the Norse settlements have been proposed: </p> <ol><li>Lack of support from the homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-IngstadIngstad2000_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngstadIngstad2000-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ship-borne marauders (such as <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basque</a>, English, or German pirates) rather than <i><a href="/wiki/Skr%C3%A6ling" title="Skræling">Skrælings</a></i>, could have plundered and displaced the Greenlanders.<sup id="cite_ref-TriggerWashburn1996_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TriggerWashburn1996-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>They were "the victims of hidebound thinking and of a hierarchical society dominated by the Church and the biggest land owners. In their reluctance to see themselves as anything but Europeans, the Greenlanders failed to adopt the kind of apparel that the Inuit employed as protection against the cold and damp or to borrow any of the Inuit hunting gear."<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2000_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diamond_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diamond-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>That portion of the Greenlander population willing to adopt Inuit ways and means intermarried with and assimilated into the Inuit community.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the Greenland population is mixed Inuit and European ancestry. It was impossible in 1938 when Stefansson wrote his book to distinguish between intermarriage before the European loss of contact and after the contact was restored.</li> <li>"Norse society's structure created a conflict between the short-term interests of those in power, and the long-term interests of the society as a whole."<sup id="cite_ref-Diamond_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diamond-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thule_culture_(1300–present)"><span id="Thule_culture_.281300.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Thule culture (1300–present)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billeder_fra_Gr%C3%B8nland_11441.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billeder_fra_Gr%C3%B8nland_11441.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Billeder_fra_Gr%C3%B8nland_11441.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billeder_fra_Gr%C3%B8nland_11441.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Billeder_fra_Gr%C3%B8nland_11441.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billeder_fra_Gr%C3%B8nland_11441.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Billeder_fra_Gr%C3%B8nland_11441.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5512" data-file-height="4254" /></a><figcaption>Pictures of Greenland, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1863</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The Thule people are the ancestors of the current Greenlandic population. No genes from the Paleo-Inuit have been found in the present population of Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Thule culture migrated eastward from what is now known as Alaska around 1000 AD, reaching Greenland around 1300. The Thule culture was the first to introduce to Greenland such technological innovations as <a href="/wiki/Dog_sled" title="Dog sled">dog sleds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toggling_harpoon" title="Toggling harpoon">toggling harpoons</a>. </p><p>There is an account of contact and conflict with the Norse population, as told by the Inuit. It is republished in <i>The Norse Atlantic Sagas</i>, by Gwyn Jones. Jones reports that there is also an account of perhaps the same incident, of more doubtful provenance, told by the Norse side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1500–1814"><span id="1500.E2.80.931814"></span>1500–1814</h3></div> <p>In 1500, King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">Gaspar Corte-Real</a> to Greenland in search of a <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> to Asia which, according to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a>, was part of Portugal's sphere of influence. In 1501, Corte-Real returned with his brother, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">Miguel Corte-Real</a>. Finding the sea frozen, they headed south and arrived in <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>. Upon the brothers' return to Portugal, the cartographic information supplied by Corte-Real was incorporated into a new map of the world which was presented to <a href="/wiki/Ercole_I_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara">Ercole I d'Este</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Ferrara_and_of_Modena" title="Duke of Ferrara and of Modena">Duke of Ferrara</a>, by Alberto Cantino in 1502. The <a href="/wiki/Cantino_planisphere" title="Cantino planisphere"><i>Cantino</i> planisphere</a>, made in Lisbon, accurately depicts the southern coastline of Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Greenland_1747.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Old_Greenland_1747.jpg/220px-Old_Greenland_1747.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Old_Greenland_1747.jpg/330px-Old_Greenland_1747.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Old_Greenland_1747.jpg/440px-Old_Greenland_1747.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1307" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Bowen" title="Emanuel Bowen">Emanuel Bowen</a> made this English map of 1747, based on <a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a>'s descriptions and misconceptions.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1605–1607, King <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark_and_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian IV of Denmark and Norway">Christian IV of Denmark and Norway</a> sent a <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">series of expeditions</a> to Greenland and Arctic waterways to locate the lost eastern Norse settlement and assert <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Danish-Norwegian</a> sovereignty over Greenland. The expeditions were mostly unsuccessful, partly due to leaders who lacked experience with the difficult Arctic ice and weather conditions, and partly because the expedition leaders were given instructions to search for the Eastern Settlement on the east coast of Greenland just north of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Farewell,_Greenland" title="Cape Farewell, Greenland">Cape Farewell</a>, which is almost inaccessible due to southward <a href="/wiki/Drift_ice" title="Drift ice">drifting ice</a>. The pilot on all three trips was English explorer <a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(explorer)" title="James Hall (explorer)">James Hall</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legende_b%C3%B8rn,_ca._1878_(8473597948).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Legende_b%C3%B8rn%2C_ca._1878_%288473597948%29.jpg/220px-Legende_b%C3%B8rn%2C_ca._1878_%288473597948%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Legende_b%C3%B8rn%2C_ca._1878_%288473597948%29.jpg/330px-Legende_b%C3%B8rn%2C_ca._1878_%288473597948%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Legende_b%C3%B8rn%2C_ca._1878_%288473597948%29.jpg/440px-Legende_b%C3%B8rn%2C_ca._1878_%288473597948%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1291" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Godthåb</a> in Greenland, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1878</span></figcaption></figure> <p>After the Norse settlements died off, Greenland came under the de facto control of various Inuit groups, but the Dano-Norwegian government never forgot or relinquished the claims to Greenland that it had inherited from the Norse. When it re-established contact with Greenland in the early 17th century, Denmark-Norway asserted its sovereignty over the island. In 1721 a joint mercantile and clerical expedition led by Dano-Norwegian missionary <a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a> was sent to Greenland, not knowing whether a Norse civilization remained there. This expedition is part of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Dano-Norwegian colonization of the Americas</a>. After 15 years in Greenland, Hans Egede left his son <a href="/wiki/Paul_Egede" title="Paul Egede">Paul Egede</a> in charge of the mission there and returned to Denmark, where he established a Greenland Seminary. This new colony was centred at <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Godthåb</a> ("Good Hope") on the southwest coast. Gradually, Greenland was opened up to Danish merchants, but closed to those from other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty_of_Kiel_to_World_War_II_(1814–1945)"><span id="Treaty_of_Kiel_to_World_War_II_.281814.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Treaty of Kiel to World War II (1814–1945)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">Greenland in World War II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Some_of_the_intelligent_inhabitants,_man,_boy,_and_girl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Some_of_the_intelligent_inhabitants%2C_man%2C_boy%2C_and_girl.jpg/170px-Some_of_the_intelligent_inhabitants%2C_man%2C_boy%2C_and_girl.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Some_of_the_intelligent_inhabitants%2C_man%2C_boy%2C_and_girl.jpg/255px-Some_of_the_intelligent_inhabitants%2C_man%2C_boy%2C_and_girl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Some_of_the_intelligent_inhabitants%2C_man%2C_boy%2C_and_girl.jpg/340px-Some_of_the_intelligent_inhabitants%2C_man%2C_boy%2C_and_girl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1123" /></a><figcaption>1869 photograph of <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Greenlandic Inuit</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the union between the crowns of Denmark and Norway was dissolved in 1814, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Treaty of Kiel</a> severed Norway's former colonies and left them under the control of the Danish monarch. Norway occupied then-uninhabited eastern Greenland as <a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red%27s_Land" title="Erik the Red's Land">Erik the Red's Land</a> in July 1931, claiming that it constituted <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">terra nullius</a></i>. Norway and Denmark agreed to submit the matter in 1933 to the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_International_Justice" title="Permanent Court of International Justice">Permanent Court of International Justice</a>, which decided against Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greenland's connection to Denmark was severed on 9 April 1940, early in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Greenland_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Greenland during World War II">World War II</a>, after Denmark was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. On 8 April 1941, the United States occupied Greenland to defend it against a possible invasion by Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States' occupation of Greenland continued until 1945. Greenland was able to buy goods from the United States and Canada by selling <a href="/wiki/Cryolite" title="Cryolite">cryolite</a> from the mine at <a href="/wiki/Ivittuut" title="Ivittuut">Ivittuut</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">In World War II</a>, the United States military used <span title="American English-language text"><i lang="en-US"><a href="/wiki/Bluie" title="Bluie">Bluie</a></i></span> as a code name for Greenland, where they kept several bases named "Bluie (East or West) (sequential numeral)".<sup id="cite_ref-sem_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sem-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major air bases were <a href="/wiki/Bluie_West-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluie West-1">Bluie West-1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Narsarsuaq_Airport" title="Narsarsuaq Airport">Narsarsuaq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bluie_West-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluie West-8">Bluie West-8</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kangerlussuaq_Airport" title="Kangerlussuaq Airport">Søndre Strømfjord</a> (Kangerlussuaq), both of which are still used as Greenland's major international airports. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EricTheRedsLand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/EricTheRedsLand.svg/170px-EricTheRedsLand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/EricTheRedsLand.svg/255px-EricTheRedsLand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/EricTheRedsLand.svg/340px-EricTheRedsLand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Map of Eirik Raudes Land</figcaption></figure> <p>During this war, the system of government changed: <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Greenland" title="List of governors of Greenland">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Eske_Brun" title="Eske Brun">Eske Brun</a> ruled the island under a law of 1925 that allowed governors to take control under extreme circumstances; Governor Aksel Svane was transferred to the United States to lead the commission to supply Greenland. The Danish <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A6depatruljen_Sirius" class="mw-redirect" title="Slædepatruljen Sirius">Sirius Patrol</a> guarded the northeastern shores of Greenland in 1942 using dog sleds. They detected several German <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather stations</a> and alerted American troops, who destroyed the facilities. After the collapse of the Third Reich, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> briefly considered escaping in a small aeroplane to hide out in Greenland, but changed his mind and decided to surrender to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greenland had been a protected and very isolated society until 1940. The <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Danish government</a> had maintained a strict monopoly of <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greenland" title="Economy of Greenland">Greenlandic trade</a>, allowing no more than small scale <a href="/wiki/Troaking" title="Troaking">barter trading</a> with British whalers. In wartime Greenland developed a sense of self-reliance through self-government and independent communication with the outside world. Despite this change, in 1946 a commission including the highest Greenlandic council, the <i><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Provincial_Council" title="Greenland Provincial Council">Landsrådene</a></i>, recommended patience and no radical reform of the system. Two years later, the first step towards a change of government was initiated when a grand commission was established. A final report (G-50) was presented in 1950, which recommended the introduction of a modern <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> with Denmark's development as sponsor and model. In 1953, Greenland was made an equal part of the Danish Kingdom. Home rule was granted in 1979. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_rule_and_self-rule">Home rule and self-rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic independence</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golfbane_Nuuk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Golfbane_Nuuk.JPG/220px-Golfbane_Nuuk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Golfbane_Nuuk.JPG/330px-Golfbane_Nuuk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Golfbane_Nuuk.JPG/440px-Golfbane_Nuuk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The orthography and vocabulary of the Greenlandic language is governed by <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oqaasileriffik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oqaasileriffik (page does not exist)">Oqaasileriffik</a> </i><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqaasileriffik" class="extiw" title="kl:Oqaasileriffik">kl</a>]</span>, the Greenlandic language secretariat, located in the <i>Ilimmarfik</i> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenland" title="University of Greenland">University of Greenland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1867, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> worked with former senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Walker" title="Robert J. Walker">Robert J. Walker</a> to explore the possibility of buying Greenland and, perhaps, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. Opposition in Congress ended this project.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following World War II, the United States developed a <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> interest in Greenland and in 1946 offered to <a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_States_purchase_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed United States purchase of Greenland">buy the island from Denmark</a> for $100,000,000; the Danish rejected the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, the United States remains interested in investing in the resource base of Greenland and in tapping hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2019, the US again proposed to buy the country, prompting premier <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kielsen" title="Kim Kielsen">Kim Kielsen</a> to issue the statement, "Greenland is not for sale and cannot be sold, but Greenland is open for trade and cooperation with other countries—including the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_Picture_Of_Thule_Air_Base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aerial_Picture_Of_Thule_Air_Base.jpg/220px-Aerial_Picture_Of_Thule_Air_Base.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aerial_Picture_Of_Thule_Air_Base.jpg/330px-Aerial_Picture_Of_Thule_Air_Base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aerial_Picture_Of_Thule_Air_Base.jpg/440px-Aerial_Picture_Of_Thule_Air_Base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>The United States has operated <a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik Space Base</a>, originally Thule Air Base, since the 1950s.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1950, Denmark agreed to allow the US to regain the use of <a href="/wiki/Thule_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Thule Air Base">Thule Air Base</a>; it was greatly expanded between 1951 and 1953 as part of a unified <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> defence strategy. The local population of three nearby villages was moved more than 100 km (62 miles) away in the winter. The United States tried to construct a subterranean network of secret <a href="/wiki/Missile_launch_facility" title="Missile launch facility">nuclear missile launch sites</a> in the Greenlandic ice cap, named <a href="/wiki/Project_Iceworm" title="Project Iceworm">Project Iceworm</a>. According to documents declassified in 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this project was managed from <a href="/wiki/Camp_Century" title="Camp Century">Camp Century</a> from 1960 to 1966 before abandonment as unworkable.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The missiles were never fielded, and necessary consent from the Danish Government to do so was never sought. The Danish government did not become aware of the programme's mission until 1997, when they discovered it while looking, in the declassified documents, for records related to the <a href="/wiki/1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash" title="1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash">crash</a> of a nuclear equipped <a href="/wiki/B-52" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52">B-52</a> bomber at Thule in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-h-bomb_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-bomb-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the 1953 Danish constitution, Greenland's colonial status ended as the island was incorporated into the Danish realm as an <a href="/wiki/Amt_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amt (country subdivision)">amt</a> (county). Danish citizenship was extended to Greenlanders. Danish policies toward Greenland consisted of a strategy of cultural assimilation — or de-Greenlandification. During this period, the Danish government promoted the exclusive use of the Danish language in official matters, and required Greenlanders to go to Denmark for their post-secondary education. Many Greenlandic children grew up in boarding schools in southern Denmark, and a number lost their cultural ties to Greenland. While the policies "succeeded" in the sense of shifting Greenlanders from being primarily subsistence hunters into being urbanized wage earners, the Greenlandic elite began to reassert a Greenlandic cultural identity. A movement developed in favour of independence, reaching its peak in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence of political complications in relation to Denmark's entry into the European Common Market in 1972, Denmark began to seek a different status for Greenland, resulting in the Home Rule Act of 1979. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20190626_Harbor_0308_(48480740237).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/20190626_Harbor_0308_%2848480740237%29.jpg/220px-20190626_Harbor_0308_%2848480740237%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/20190626_Harbor_0308_%2848480740237%29.jpg/330px-20190626_Harbor_0308_%2848480740237%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/20190626_Harbor_0308_%2848480740237%29.jpg/440px-20190626_Harbor_0308_%2848480740237%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sermiligaaq" title="Sermiligaaq">Sermiligaaq</a>. Greenland has more than 60 settlements.</figcaption></figure> <p>This gave Greenland limited autonomy with <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Greenland">its own legislature</a> taking control of some internal policies, while the <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Parliament of Denmark</a> maintained full control of external policies, security, and natural resources. The law came into effect on 1 May 1979. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">King of Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a>, remains Greenland's <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. In 1985, Greenland <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">left</a> the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC) upon achieving self-rule, as it did not agree with the EEC's commercial fishing regulations and an EEC ban on <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> skin products.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland voters approved a <a href="/wiki/2008_Greenlandic_self-government_referendum" title="2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum">referendum on greater autonomy</a> on 25 November 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one study, the 2008 vote created what "can be seen as a system between home rule and full independence".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 June 2009, Greenland gained self-rule with provisions for assuming responsibility for self-government of <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial affairs</a>, policing, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>. Also, Greenlanders were recognized as a separate people under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denmark maintains control of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">defence</a> matters. Denmark upholds the annual block grant of 3.2 billion Danish kroner, but as Greenland begins to collect revenues of its natural resources, the grant will gradually be diminished. This is generally considered to be a step toward eventual full independence from Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a> was declared the sole official language of Greenland at the historic ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-selvstyre_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selvstyre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-law_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Greenland" title="Tourism in Greenland">Tourism in Greenland</a></div> <p>Tourism increased significantly between 2015 and 2019, with the number of visitors increasing from 77,000 per year to 105,000.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One source estimated that in 2019 the revenue from this aspect of the economy was about 450 million kroner (US$67 million). Like many aspects of the economy, this slowed dramatically in 2020 and into 2021, due to restrictions required as a result of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one source describes it as being the "biggest economic victim of the coronavirus" (the overall economy did not suffer too severely as of mid-2020, thanks to the fisheries "and a hefty subsidy from Copenhagen").<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland's goal for returning tourism is to develop it "right" and to "build a more sustainable tourism for the long run".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Geography of Greenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Greenland" title="Climate of Greenland">Climate of Greenland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Arctic#Greenland" title="Climate of the Arctic">Climate of the Arctic § Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Administrative divisions of Greenland">Administrative divisions of Greenland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_the_Arctic" title="Territorial claims in the Arctic">Territorial claims in the Arctic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland_ice_sheet_AMSL_thickness_map-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Greenland_ice_sheet_AMSL_thickness_map-en.png/290px-Greenland_ice_sheet_AMSL_thickness_map-en.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="495" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Greenland_ice_sheet_AMSL_thickness_map-en.png/435px-Greenland_ice_sheet_AMSL_thickness_map-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Greenland_ice_sheet_AMSL_thickness_map-en.png/580px-Greenland_ice_sheet_AMSL_thickness_map-en.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1801" /></a><figcaption>Map of Greenland</figcaption></figure> <p>Greenland is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">largest non-continental island</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the third largest area in North America after Canada and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is between latitudes <a href="/wiki/59th_parallel_north" title="59th parallel north">59°</a> and <a href="/wiki/83rd_parallel_north" title="83rd parallel north">83°N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/11th_meridian_west" title="11th meridian west">11°</a> and <a href="/wiki/74th_meridian_west" title="74th meridian west">74°W</a>. Greenland is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a> to the east, the North <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the southeast, the <a href="/wiki/Davis_Strait" title="Davis Strait">Davis Strait</a> to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Nares_Strait" title="Nares Strait">Nares Strait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a> to the northwest. The nearest countries to Greenland are Canada, with which it shares a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime border</a>, to the west and southwest across Nares Strait and Baffin Bay, as well as a shared land border on <a href="/wiki/Hans_Island" title="Hans Island">Hans Island</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Iceland, southeast of Greenland in the Atlantic Ocean. Greenland also contains the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Greenland_National_Park" title="Northeast Greenland National Park">world's largest national park</a>, and it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">largest</a> constituent country by area in the world, and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_country_subdivisions_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the largest country subdivisions by area">fourth largest country subdivision in the world</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha Republic</a> in Russia, Australia's state of <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, and Russia's <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk Krai</a>, and the largest in North America. </p><p>The lowest temperature ever recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> was recorded in Greenland, near the topographic summit of the <a href="/wiki/Greenland_Ice_Sheet" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenland Ice Sheet">Greenland Ice Sheet</a>, on 22 December 1991, when the temperature reached −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nuuk, the average daily temperature varies over the seasons from −5.1 to 9.9 °C (22.8 to 49.8 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total area of Greenland is 2,166,086 km<sup>2</sup> (836,330 sq mi) (including other offshore minor islands), of which the <a href="/wiki/Greenland_ice_sheet" title="Greenland ice sheet">Greenland ice sheet</a> covers 1,755,637 km<sup>2</sup> (677,855 sq mi) (81%) and has a volume of approximately 2,850,000 km<sup>3</sup> (680,000 cu mi).<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest point on Greenland is <a href="/wiki/Gunnbj%C3%B8rn_Fjeld" title="Gunnbjørn Fjeld">Gunnbjørn Fjeld</a> at 3,700 m (12,100 ft) of the <a href="/wiki/Watkins_Range" title="Watkins Range">Watkins Range</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Greenland_mountain_range" class="mw-redirect" title="East Greenland mountain range">East Greenland mountain range</a>). The majority of Greenland, however, is less than 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in elevation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Topographic map of Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg/290px-Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg/435px-Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg/580px-Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption>Greenland bedrock is above sea level.</figcaption></figure> <p>Below the ice there is a series of canyons, the biggest called <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_(Greenland)" title="Grand Canyon (Greenland)">Greenland’s Grand Canyon</a> which was formed by flowing rivers of water from the repeated cycle of ice melting and new ice forming.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near the coast elevations rise suddenly and steeply.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ice <a href="/wiki/Ice-sheet_dynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice-sheet dynamics">flows</a> generally to the coast from the centre of the island. A survey led by French scientist <a href="/wiki/Paul-Emile_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul-Emile Victor">Paul-Emile Victor</a> in 1951 concluded that, under the ice sheet, Greenland is composed of three large islands.<sup id="cite_ref-ellensburg_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellensburg-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is disputed, but if it is so, they would be separated by narrow straits, reaching the sea at <a href="/wiki/Ilulissat_Icefjord" title="Ilulissat Icefjord">Ilulissat Icefjord</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Greenland%27s_Grand_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenland's Grand Canyon">Greenland's Grand Canyon</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Nordostrundingen" title="Nordostrundingen">Nordostrundingen</a>. </p><p>All <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Greenland" title="List of cities and towns in Greenland">towns and settlements of Greenland</a> are situated along the ice-free coast, with the population being concentrated along the west coast. The northeastern part of Greenland is not part of any municipality, but it is the site of the world's largest national park, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Greenland_National_Park" title="Northeast Greenland National Park">Northeast Greenland National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least four scientific expedition stations and camps had been established on the ice sheet in the ice-covered central part of Greenland (indicated as pale blue in the adjacent map): <a href="/wiki/Eismitte" title="Eismitte">Eismitte</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Ice" title="North Ice">North Ice</a>, North GRIP Camp and The Raven Skiway. There is a year-round station <a href="/wiki/Summit_Camp" title="Summit Camp">Summit Camp</a> on the ice sheet, established in 1989. The radio station <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Br%C3%B8nlund_Fjord" title="Jørgen Brønlund Fjord">Jørgen Brønlund Fjord</a> was, until 1950, the northernmost permanent outpost in the world. </p><p>The extreme north of Greenland, <a href="/wiki/Peary_Land" title="Peary Land">Peary Land</a>, is not covered by an ice sheet, because the air there is too dry to produce snow, which is essential in the production and maintenance of an ice sheet. If the Greenland ice sheet were to <a href="/wiki/Melting" title="Melting">melt</a> away completely, the world's <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> would rise by more than 7 m (23 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, a small island, 35 m × 15 m (115 ft × 49 ft) in length and width, was discovered by arctic explorer <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Schmitt" title="Dennis Schmitt">Dennis Schmitt</a> and his team at the coordinates of <a href="/wiki/83-42" title="83-42">83-42</a>. Whether this island is permanent is not yet confirmed. If it is, it is the northernmost permanent known land on Earth. </p><p>In 2007, the existence of a new island was announced. Named "<a href="/wiki/Uunartoq_Qeqertaq" title="Uunartoq Qeqertaq">Uunartoq Qeqertaq</a>" (English: <i>Warming Island</i>), this island has always been present off the coast of Greenland, but was covered by a glacier. This glacier was discovered in 2002 to be shrinking rapidly, and by 2007 had completely melted away, leaving the exposed island.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was named Place of the Year by the Oxford Atlas of the World in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ben Keene, the atlas's editor, commented: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the last two or three decades, global warming has reduced the size of glaciers throughout the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> and earlier this year, news sources confirmed what climate scientists already knew: water, not rock, lay beneath this <a href="/wiki/Ice_bridge" title="Ice bridge">ice bridge</a> on the east coast of Greenland. More islets are likely to appear as the sheet of frozen water covering the world's largest island continues to melt.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Some controversy surrounds the history of the island, specifically over whether the island might have been revealed during a brief warm period in Greenland during the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Arctic" title="Climate change in the Arctic">Climate change in the Arctic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland_Meltdown_08072012_12072012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greenland_Meltdown_08072012_12072012.jpg/220px-Greenland_Meltdown_08072012_12072012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greenland_Meltdown_08072012_12072012.jpg/330px-Greenland_Meltdown_08072012_12072012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greenland_Meltdown_08072012_12072012.jpg/440px-Greenland_Meltdown_08072012_12072012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> graphics show the extent of the then-record melting event in July 2012.</figcaption></figure> <p>Greenland ice sheet always loses some mass from <a href="/wiki/Ice_calving" title="Ice calving">ice calving</a> at its coasts, but it used to gain more ice on average due to the accumulation of snowfall.<sup id="cite_ref-Noël2021_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noël2021-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, Greenland has been warming starting from around 1900,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and starting from 1980s, the losses became larger than the gains.<sup id="cite_ref-Mouginot2019_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mouginot2019-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1996, Greenland has not had a single year when it did not lose mass on average.<sup id="cite_ref-CB2022_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB2022-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010s, Greenland ice sheet had been melting at its fastest rate over at least the past 12,000 years, and on track to exceed that later in the century.<sup id="cite_ref-Briner2020_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briner2020-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, 2019 and 2021, so-called "massive melting events" had occurred, when practically the entire surface of the ice sheet had been melting and no accumulation had been taking place.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phys-Greenland_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phys-Greenland-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MeltEvents_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeltEvents-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2021 event, rain fell at Greenland's highest point for the first time in recorded history: an event so unexpected that the research station at the summit had no <a href="/wiki/Rain_gauge" title="Rain gauge">rain gauges</a> for the occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-waPoRain_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waPoRain-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with the ice losses elsewhere, the melting of Greenland contributes to sea level rise. Between 2012 and 2017, this melting had added an average of 0.68 mm per year,<sup id="cite_ref-Shepherd2020_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shepherd2020-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was equivalent to 37% of sea level rise from <i>land ice</i> sources (excluding thermal expansion of water from the continual increase in the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_heat_content" title="Ocean heat content">ocean heat content</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bamber2018_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bamber2018-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the century, the melting of Greenland alone would add between ~<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>6 cm (<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) if the temperatures are kept below 2 °C (3.6 °F), to around 13 cm (5 in) if the most intense <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_scenario" title="Climate change scenario">climate change scenario</a> with ever-increasing <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> is followed.<sup id="cite_ref-IPCC_AR6_WG1_Ch.9_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPCC_AR6_WG1_Ch.9-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1302">: 1302 </span></sup> Under this scenario, the worst case for Greenland melting could reach 33 cm (13 in) of sea level rise equivalent.<sup id="cite_ref-Aschwanden2019_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aschwanden2019-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large quantities of fresh <a href="/wiki/Meltwater" title="Meltwater">meltwater</a> also affect the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_meridional_overturning_circulation" title="Atlantic meridional overturning circulation">Atlantic meridional overturning circulation</a>, or AMOC, by diluting key currents, slowing it down.<sup id="cite_ref-PhysorgJan2016_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhysorgJan2016-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this meltwater input, the circulation may even collapse outright, with widespread detrimental effects, although research suggests this is only likely if highest possible warming is sustained for multiple centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B6ning_2023_GIS_thresholds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/H%C3%B6ning_2023_GIS_thresholds.jpg/220px-H%C3%B6ning_2023_GIS_thresholds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/H%C3%B6ning_2023_GIS_thresholds.jpg/330px-H%C3%B6ning_2023_GIS_thresholds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/H%C3%B6ning_2023_GIS_thresholds.jpg/440px-H%C3%B6ning_2023_GIS_thresholds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Potential equilibrium states of the ice sheet in response to different equilibrium carbon dioxide concentrations in <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">parts per million</a>. Second and third states would result in 1.8 and 2.4 m (6 and 8 ft) of sea level rise, while the fourth state is equivalent to 6.9 m (23 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Höning2023_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höning2023-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Greenland ice sheet has a great volume of ~2,900,000 cubic kilometres (696,000 cu mi). This means that if it were all to melt, the global sea levels would increase by ~7.4 m (24 ft) from that alone.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2017_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2017-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it also means that it will take at least 1,000 years for the ice sheet to disappear even with very high warming,<sup id="cite_ref-Aschwanden2019_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aschwanden2019-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in around 10,000 years under lower warming which still crosses the threshold for the ice sheet's disappearance.<sup id="cite_ref-ArmstrongMcKay2022_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ArmstrongMcKay2022Explainer_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022Explainer-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This threshold likely lies for the global warming between 1.7 °C (3.1 °F) and 2.3 °C (4.1 °F). Reducing the warming back to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above preindustrial levels or lower (such as through large-scale <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal" title="Carbon dioxide removal">carbon dioxide removal</a>) would arrest the losses, but still cause greater ultimate sea level rise than if the threshold had never been exceeded.<sup id="cite_ref-Bochow2023_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bochow2023-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) itself appears to commit the ice sheet to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1.4 m (<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ft) of sea level rise.<sup id="cite_ref-Christ2023_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christ2023-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3></div> <p>The island was part of the very ancient Precambrian continent of <a href="/wiki/Laurentia" title="Laurentia">Laurentia</a>, the eastern core of which forms the Greenland Shield, while the less exposed coastal strips become a plateau. On these ice-free coastal strips are sediments formed in the <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a>, overprinted by metamorphism and now formed by glaciers, which continue into the Cenozoic and Mesozoic in parts of the island. </p><p>In the east and west of Greenland there are remnants of flood <a href="/wiki/Basalts" class="mw-redirect" title="Basalts">basalts</a> and igneous intrusions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Skaergaard_intrusion" title="Skaergaard intrusion">Skaergaard intrusion</a>. Notable rock provinces (<a href="/wiki/Metamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic">metamorphic</a> igneous rocks, ultramafics, and anorthosites) are found on the southwest coast at Qeqertarsuatsiaat. East of Nuuk, the banded iron ore region of Isukasia, over three billion years old, contains the world's oldest rocks, such as greenlandite (a rock composed predominantly of hornblende and hyperthene), formed 3.8 billion years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and nuummite. In southern Greenland, the Illimaussaq alkaline complex consists of <a href="/wiki/Pegmatites" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegmatites">pegmatites</a> such as nepheline, syenites (especially kakortokite or naujaite) and sodalite (sodalite-foya). In Ivittuut, where cryolite was formerly mined, there are <a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">fluoride</a>-bearing pegmatites. To the north of Igaliku, there are the Gardar alkaline pegmatitic intrusions of augite syenite, gabbro, etc. </p><p>To the west and southwest are <a href="/wiki/Palaeozoic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeozoic">Palaeozoic</a> carbonatite complexes at Kangerlussuaq (Gardiner complex) and Safartoq, and basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks at Uiffaq on Disko Island, where there are masses of heavy <a href="/wiki/Native_iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Native iron">native iron</a> up to 25 t (28 short tons) in the basalts.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The paleontology of East Greenland is specially rich, with some of the early tetrapods<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the Devonian <a href="/wiki/Acanthostega" title="Acanthostega">Acanthostega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ichthyostega" title="Ichthyostega">Ichthyostega</a>, and unique triassic animals such as the phytosaur <a href="/wiki/Mystriosuchus" title="Mystriosuchus">Mystriosuchus alleroq</a><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the dinosaurs <a href="/wiki/Issi" title="Issi">Issi saaneq</a><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Greenland" title="Flora and fauna of Greenland">Flora and fauna of Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reindeer_hunting_in_Greenland" title="Reindeer hunting in Greenland">Reindeer hunting in Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Greenland" title="Fishing industry in Greenland">Fishing industry in Greenland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whaling#Greenland" title="Whaling">Whaling § Greenland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland-musk-ox_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Greenland-musk-ox_hg.jpg/220px-Greenland-musk-ox_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Greenland-musk-ox_hg.jpg/330px-Greenland-musk-ox_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Greenland-musk-ox_hg.jpg/440px-Greenland-musk-ox_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2684" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Muskoxen</a> in Greenland</figcaption></figure> <p>Greenland is home to two ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaat_high_arctic_tundra" title="Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra">Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaat_low_arctic_tundra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra">Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are approximately 700 known species of insects in Greenland, which is low compared with other countries (over one million species have been described worldwide). The sea is rich in fish and invertebrates, especially in the milder <a href="/wiki/West_Greenland_Current" title="West Greenland Current">West Greenland Current</a>; a large part of the Greenland fauna is associated with marine-based food chains, including large colonies of seabirds. The few native land mammals in Greenland include the <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reindeer_hunting_in_Greenland#Three_subspecies_in_Greenland" title="Reindeer hunting in Greenland">reindeer</a> (introduced by Europeans), <a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">arctic fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_hare" title="Arctic hare">arctic hare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musk_ox" class="mw-redirect" title="Musk ox">musk ox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_collared_lemming" title="Northern collared lemming">collared lemming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">ermine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arctic_wolf" title="Arctic wolf">arctic wolf</a>. The last four are found naturally only in <a href="/wiki/East_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="East Greenland">East Greenland</a>, having immigrated from <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island">Ellesmere Island</a>. There are dozens of species of <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a> along the coast. Land fauna consists predominantly of animals which have spread from North America or, in the case of many birds and insects, from Europe. There are no native or free-living reptiles or amphibians on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-wildlife_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wildlife-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">Phytogeographically</a>, Greenland belongs to the Arctic province of the <a href="/wiki/Circumboreal_Region" title="Circumboreal Region">Circumboreal Region</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Kingdom" title="Boreal Kingdom">Boreal Kingdom</a>. The island is sparsely populated in vegetation; plant life consists mainly of grassland and small shrubs, which are regularly grazed by livestock. The most common tree native to Greenland is the European white birch (<i><a href="/wiki/Betula_pubescens" title="Betula pubescens">Betula pubescens</a></i>) along with gray-leaf willow (<i><a href="/wiki/Salix_glauca" title="Salix glauca">Salix glauca</a></i>), rowan (<i><a href="/wiki/Sorbus_aucuparia" title="Sorbus aucuparia">Sorbus aucuparia</a></i>), common juniper (<i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus_communis" title="Juniperus communis">Juniperus communis</a></i>) and other smaller trees, mainly willows. </p><p>Greenland's flora consists of about 500 species of "higher" plants, such as <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horsetail" class="mw-redirect" title="Horsetail">horsetails</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lycopodiophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycopodiophyta">lycopodiophyta</a>. Of the other groups, the <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a> are the most diverse, with about 950 species; there are 600–700 species of fungi; <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">mosses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophytes</a> are also found. Most of Greenland's higher plants have <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/circumpolar" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/circumpolar">circumpolar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Circumboreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumboreal">circumboreal</a> distributions; only a dozen species of <a href="/wiki/Saxifrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxifrage">saxifrage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawkweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawkweed">hawkweed</a> are <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a>. A few plant species were introduced by the Norsemen, such as <a href="/wiki/Vicia_cracca" title="Vicia cracca">cow vetch</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland_377_(34999131992).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Greenland_377_%2834999131992%29.jpg/220px-Greenland_377_%2834999131992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Greenland_377_%2834999131992%29.jpg/330px-Greenland_377_%2834999131992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Greenland_377_%2834999131992%29.jpg/440px-Greenland_377_%2834999131992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6683" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Greenland_Dog" title="Greenland Dog">Greenland Dog</a> was brought from Siberia 1,000 years ago.</figcaption></figure> <p>The terrestrial vertebrates of Greenland include the <a href="/wiki/Greenland_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenland dog">Greenland dog</a>, which was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European</a>-introduced species such as <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_sheep" title="Greenlandic sheep">Greenlandic sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chicken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheepdog" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheepdog">sheepdog</a>, all descendants of animals imported by Europeans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine mammals">Marine mammals</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">hooded seal</a> (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>) as well as the <a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">grey seal</a> (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-brit1911_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit1911-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whales</a> frequently pass very close to Greenland's shores in the late summer and early autumn. Whale species include the <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Greenland whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">pilot whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tail_of_Humpback_Whale_Megaptera_novaeangliae_in_Disko_Bay_Greenland_-_Buiobuone_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tail_of_Humpback_Whale_Megaptera_novaeangliae_in_Disko_Bay_Greenland_-_Buiobuone_02.jpg/220px-Tail_of_Humpback_Whale_Megaptera_novaeangliae_in_Disko_Bay_Greenland_-_Buiobuone_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tail_of_Humpback_Whale_Megaptera_novaeangliae_in_Disko_Bay_Greenland_-_Buiobuone_02.jpg/330px-Tail_of_Humpback_Whale_Megaptera_novaeangliae_in_Disko_Bay_Greenland_-_Buiobuone_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tail_of_Humpback_Whale_Megaptera_novaeangliae_in_Disko_Bay_Greenland_-_Buiobuone_02.jpg/440px-Tail_of_Humpback_Whale_Megaptera_novaeangliae_in_Disko_Bay_Greenland_-_Buiobuone_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5865" data-file-height="3910" /></a><figcaption>Humpback whale, <i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>, in Disko Bay near Ilulissat</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2009, 269 species of fish from over 80 different families are known from the waters surrounding Greenland. Almost all are marine species with only a few in freshwater, such as <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salvelinus" title="Salvelinus">charr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moller2010_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moller2010-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">fishing industry</a> is the primary industry of Greenland's economy, accounting for the majority of territory's total exports.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Birds, particularly seabirds, are an important part of Greenland's animal life; they consist of both <a href="/wiki/Palearctic_realm" title="Palearctic realm">Palearctic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nearctic_realm" title="Nearctic realm">Nearctic</a> species, breeding populations of <a href="/wiki/Auk" title="Auk">auks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puffin" title="Puffin">puffins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skua" title="Skua">skuas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kittiwake" title="Kittiwake">kittiwakes</a> are found on steep mountainsides.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland's ducks and geese include <a href="/wiki/Common_eider" title="Common eider">common eider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_duck" title="Long-tailed duck">long-tailed duck</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_eider" title="King eider">king eider</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-fronted_goose" class="mw-redirect" title="White-fronted goose">white-fronted goose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink-footed_goose" title="Pink-footed goose">pink-footed goose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barnacle_goose" title="Barnacle goose">barnacle goose</a>. Breeding <a href="/wiki/Migratory_birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Migratory birds">migratory birds</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Snow_bunting" title="Snow bunting">snow bunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapland_bunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapland bunting">lapland bunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringed_plover" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringed plover">ringed plover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-throated_loon" title="Red-throated loon">red-throated loon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red-necked_phalarope" title="Red-necked phalarope">red-necked phalarope</a>. Non-migratory land birds include the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_redpoll" title="Arctic redpoll">arctic redpoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_ptarmigan" title="Rock ptarmigan">ptarmigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short-eared_owl" title="Short-eared owl">short-eared owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowy_owl" title="Snowy owl">snowy owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyrfalcon" title="Gyrfalcon">gyrfalcon</a> and <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_eagle" title="White-tailed eagle">white-tailed eagle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wildlife_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wildlife-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greenland" title="Politics of Greenland">Politics of Greenland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2021_Greenlandic_general_election" title="2021 Greenlandic general election">2021 Greenlandic general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland_and_the_European_Union" title="Greenland and the European Union">Greenland and the European Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Politics of Denmark</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:291px;max-width:291px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:96px;max-width:96px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederik,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2021.jpg/94px-Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2021.jpg/141px-Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2021.jpg/188px-Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Denmark">King of Denmark</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mette_Frederiksen_20120501.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mette_Frederiksen_20120501.jpg/86px-Mette_Frederiksen_20120501.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mette_Frederiksen_20120501.jpg/129px-Mette_Frederiksen_20120501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mette_Frederiksen_20120501.jpg/172px-Mette_Frederiksen_20120501.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:101px;max-width:101px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede_May_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede_May_2021.jpg/99px-M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede_May_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede_May_2021.jpg/149px-M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede_May_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede_May_2021.jpg/198px-M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede_May_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1011" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of Greenland">Premier</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Múte Bourup Egede</a></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/220px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/330px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/440px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">special territories of the European Union</a> (before 31 January 2020)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuuk-centrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nuuk-centrum.jpg/220px-Nuuk-centrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nuuk-centrum.jpg/330px-Nuuk-centrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nuuk-centrum.jpg/440px-Nuuk-centrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>Nuuk is Greenland's capital and the seat of the government.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Greenlandic government holds <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">executive power</a> in local government affairs. The head of the government is called <i><a href="/wiki/Naalakkersuisut_Siulittaasuat" class="mw-redirect" title="Naalakkersuisut Siulittaasuat">Naalakkersuisut Siulittaasuat</a></i> ("Premier") and serves as head of Greenlandic Government. Any other member of the cabinet is called a <i><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Naalakkersuisoq</a></i> ("Minister"). The Greenlandic parliament is called <i><a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Inatsisartut</a></i> ("Legislators"). The parliament currently has 31 members.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contemporary times, elections are held at municipal, national (<i><a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Inatsisartut</a></i>), and kingdom (<i><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing</a></i>) levels. </p><p>Greenland is a self-governing entity within the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> of the Kingdom of Denmark, in which <a href="/wiki/King_Frederik_X" class="mw-redirect" title="King Frederik X">King Frederik X</a> is the head of state. The monarch officially retains <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive power</a> and presides over the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Council of State">Council of State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">privy council</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of government, the duties of the monarch have since become strictly representative and <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial">ceremonial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">prime minister</a> and other ministers in the executive government. The monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and the monarch's person is sacrosanct.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_system">Political system</h3></div> <p>The party system was dominated by the social-democratic <a href="/wiki/Forward_(Greenland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward (Greenland)">Forward</a> Party, and the democratic socialist <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuit Community">Inuit Community</a> Party, both of which broadly argue for greater independence from Denmark. While the <a href="/wiki/2009_Greenlandic_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Greenlandic parliamentary election">2009 election</a> saw the unionist <a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Greenland)" title="Democrats (Greenland)">Democrat</a> Party (two MPs) decline greatly, the <a href="/wiki/2013_Greenlandic_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Greenlandic parliamentary election">2013 election</a> consolidated the power of the two main parties at the expense of the smaller groups, and saw the <a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">eco-socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Party" title="Inuit Party">Inuit Party</a> elected to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Greenland">Parliament</a> for the first time. The dominance of the Forward and Inuit Community parties began to wane after the snap <a href="/wiki/2014_Greenlandic_general_election" title="2014 Greenlandic general election">2014</a> and <a href="/wiki/2018_Greenlandic_general_election" title="2018 Greenlandic general election">2018</a> elections. </p><p>The non-binding <a href="/wiki/2008_Greenlandic_self-government_referendum" title="2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum">2008 referendum on self-governance</a> favouring increased self-governance and autonomy was passed winning 76.22% of the vote. </p><p>In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Greenland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenland–European Union relations">Greenland left the European Economic Community</a> (EEC), unlike Denmark, which remains a member. The EEC later became the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU, renamed and expanded in scope in 1992). Greenland retains some ties through its associated relationship with the EU. However, EU law largely does not apply to Greenland except in the area of trade. Greenland is designated as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Overseas Countries and Territories</a> (OCT) and is thus officially not a part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, though Greenland can and does receive support from the <a href="/wiki/European_Development_Fund" title="European Development Fund">European Development Fund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiannual_Financial_Framework" title="Multiannual Financial Framework">Multiannual Financial Framework</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a> and EU Programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-euprofile_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euprofile-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greenland" title="Politics of Greenland">Politics of Greenland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland-municipalities-2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Greenland-municipalities-2018.svg/170px-Greenland-municipalities-2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Greenland-municipalities-2018.svg/255px-Greenland-municipalities-2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Greenland-municipalities-2018.svg/340px-Greenland-municipalities-2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Municipalities of Greenland</figcaption></figure> <p>Greenland's <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> is <a href="/wiki/King_Frederik_X" class="mw-redirect" title="King Frederik X">King Frederik X</a>. The King's <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">government in Denmark</a> appoints a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_High_Commissioners_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Danish High Commissioners in Greenland">high commissioner</a> (<i>Rigsombudsmand</i>) to represent it on the island. The commissioner is <a href="/wiki/Julie_Pr%C3%A6st_Wilche" title="Julie Præst Wilche">Julie Præst Wilche</a>. </p><p>The Greenland constituency elect two <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Folketing" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Folketing">MP</a> representatives to the Kingdom Parliament (<i><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketinget</a></i>) in Denmark, out of a total of 179. The current representatives are <a href="/wiki/Aki-Matilda_H%C3%B8egh-Dam" title="Aki-Matilda Høegh-Dam">Aki-Matilda Høegh-Dam</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Siumut" title="Siumut">Siumut</a> Party and <a href="/wiki/Aaja_Chemnitz_Larsen" title="Aaja Chemnitz Larsen">Aaja Chemnitz Larsen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuit Community">Inuit Community</a> Party.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greenland has national <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Greenland">Parliament</a> that consists of <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_parliament_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the parliament of Greenland">31 representatives</a>. The government is the <a href="/wiki/Naalakkersuisut" title="Naalakkersuisut">Naalakkersuisut</a> whose members are appointed by the premier. The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Premiers_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Premiers of Greenland">premier</a>, usually the leader of the majority party in Parliament. The premier is <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Múte Bourup Egede</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Ataqatigiit" title="Inuit Ataqatigiit">Inuit Ataqatigiit</a> party.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Greenland" title="Military of Greenland">Military of Greenland</a></div> <p>Several American and Danish military bases are located in Greenland, including <a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik Space Base</a> (previously Thule Air Base), which is home to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a>'s global network of sensors providing missile warning, space surveillance and space control to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a> (NORAD). Elements of the sensor systems are commanded and controlled variously by Space Deltas <a href="/wiki/Space_Delta_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Delta 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_Delta_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Delta 4">4</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Space_Delta_6" title="Space Delta 6">6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, a political scandal in Denmark occurred after a report revealed the government had given tacit permission for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">nuclear weapons</a> to be located in Greenland, in contravention of Denmark's 1957 <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-free_zone" title="Nuclear-free zone">nuclear-free zone</a> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h-bomb_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-bomb-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States built a secret nuclear powered base, called <a href="/wiki/Camp_Century" title="Camp Century">Camp Century</a>, in the Greenland ice sheet.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 January 1968, a B-52G, with four nuclear bombs aboard as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chrome_Dome" title="Operation Chrome Dome">Operation Chrome Dome</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash" title="1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash">crashed on the ice</a> of the North Star Bay while attempting an emergency landing at <a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Thule Air Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting fire caused extensive radioactive contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">H-bombs</a> remains lost.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Administrative divisions of Greenland">Administrative divisions of Greenland</a></div> <p>Formerly consisting of three counties comprising a total of 18 municipalities, Greenland abolished these in 2009 and has since been divided into large territories known as "municipalities" (<a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>: <i lang="kl">kommuneqarfiit</i>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">kommuner</i>): <i><a href="/wiki/Sermersooq" title="Sermersooq">Sermersooq</a></i> ("Much Ice") around the capital <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a> and also including all <a href="/wiki/Tunu" title="Tunu">East Coast</a> communities; <i><a href="/wiki/Kujalleq" title="Kujalleq">Kujalleq</a></i> ("South") around <a href="/wiki/Cape_Farewell,_Greenland" title="Cape Farewell, Greenland">Cape Farewell</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Qeqqata" title="Qeqqata">Qeqqata</a></i> ("Centre") north of the capital along the <a href="/wiki/Davis_Strait" title="Davis Strait">Davis Strait</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Qeqertalik" title="Qeqertalik">Qeqertalik</a></i> ("The one with islands") surrounding <a href="/wiki/Disko_Bay" title="Disko Bay">Disko Bay</a>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Avannaata" title="Avannaata">Avannaata</a></i> ("Northern") in the northwest; the latter two having come into being as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Qaasuitsup" title="Qaasuitsup">Qaasuitsup</a> municipality, one of the original four, being partitioned in 2018. The northeast of the island composes the unincorporated <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Greenland_National_Park" title="Northeast Greenland National Park">Northeast Greenland National Park</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik Space Base</a> is also unincorporated, an enclave within Avannaata municipality. As a <a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">territorial concession</a> granted to the United States in perpetuity, it is administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a>. During its construction, there were as many as 12,000 American residents but in recent years the number has been below 1,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greenland" title="Economy of Greenland">Economy of Greenland</a></div> <p>The Greenlandic economy is highly dependent on fishing. Fishing accounts for more than 90% of Greenland's exports.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> industry is by far the largest income earner.<sup id="cite_ref-cia-factbook_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-factbook-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greenland is abundant in minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mining of <a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">ruby</a> deposits began in 2007. Other mineral prospects are improving as prices are increasing. These include iron, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, aluminium, nickel, <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>. The state company Nunamineral has been launched on the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen Stock Exchange">Copenhagen Stock Exchange</a> to raise more capital to increase the production of gold, started in 2007. Another state company, <a href="/wiki/Nunaoil" title="Nunaoil">Nunaoil</a>, was created to help develop the hydrocarbon industry in Greenland. However, in July 2021, Greenland banned all new oil and gas exploration in its territory, with government officials stating that the environmental "price of oil extraction is too high".<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electricity has traditionally been generated by oil or diesel power plants, even if there is a large surplus of potential <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a>. There is a programme to build hydropower plants. The first, and still the largest, is <a href="/wiki/Buksefjord_hydroelectric_power_plant" title="Buksefjord hydroelectric power plant">Buksefjord hydroelectric power plant</a>. </p><p>There are also plans to build a large aluminium smelter, using hydropower to create an exportable product. It is expected that much of the labour needed will be imported.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> has urged Greenland to restrict development by the People's Republic of China of <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare-earth">rare-earth</a> mineral projects, as China accounts for 95% of the world's current supply. However, in early 2013 the government of Greenland said that it had no plans to impose such restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The public sector, including publicly owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland's economy. About half the government revenues come from grants from the Danish government, an important supplement to the gross domestic product (GDP). Gross domestic product per capita is equivalent to that of the average economies of Europe. </p><p>Greenland suffered an economic contraction in the early 1990s. Since 1993, the economy has improved. The Greenland Home Rule Government (GHRG) has pursued a tight fiscal policy since the late 1980s, which has helped create surpluses in the public budget and low inflation. Since 1990, Greenland has registered a foreign-trade <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">deficit</a> following the closure of the last remaining lead and <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> mine that year. In 2017, new sources of <a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">ruby</a> in Greenland have been discovered, promising to enhance the <a href="/wiki/Gemstone_industry_in_Greenland" title="Gemstone industry in Greenland">gemstone industry in Greenland</a> and add a new export.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Greenland" title="Transport in Greenland">Transport in Greenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Greenland" title="List of airports in Greenland">List of airports in Greenland</a></div> <p>Air transport connects Greenland internally and with other <a href="/wiki/Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Nations">nations</a>. There is also scheduled boat traffic, but the long distances lead to long travel times and low frequency. There are virtually no roads between cities because the coast has many fjords that would require ferry service to connect a road network. The only exception is a gravel road of 4.8 km (3 mi) length between <a href="/wiki/Kangilinnguit" title="Kangilinnguit">Kangilinnguit</a> and the now abandoned former <a href="/wiki/Cryolite" title="Cryolite">cryolite</a> mining town of <a href="/wiki/Ivittuut" title="Ivittuut">Ivittuut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iExplore_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iExplore-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the lack of agriculture, forestry and similar countryside activities has meant that very few country roads have been built. Greenland has no passenger railways. </p><p>A 1-lane dirt road designed primarily for <a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">all-terrain vehicles</a> (secondarily for <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">bicycles</a> and hiking), is under construction between <a href="/wiki/Kangerlussuaq_Airport" title="Kangerlussuaq Airport">Kangerlussuaq Airport</a> and the town of <a href="/wiki/Sisimiut" title="Sisimiut">Sisimiut</a>. As of June 2023, the road was scheduled for completion in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A news report in <a href="/wiki/Sermitsiaq_(newspaper)" title="Sermitsiaq (newspaper)">Sermitsiaq</a> declared the road itself to be completed already in September 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but maintenance work and mud problems<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have caused delays. There are plans to extend the road to a 2-lane gravel road, but a date for its construction start has not been announced.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kangerlussuaq_Airport" title="Kangerlussuaq Airport">Kangerlussuaq Airport</a> (SFJ)<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the largest airport and the main aviation hub for international passenger transport. It serves international and domestic airline operated flight.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SFJ is far from the vicinity of the larger metropolitan capital areas, 317 km (197 mi) to the capital Nuuk, and airline passenger services are available.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nuuk_Airport" title="Nuuk Airport">Nuuk Airport</a> (GOH)<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the second-largest airport, located just 6.0 km (3.7 mi) from the centre of the capital. GOH serves general aviation traffic and has daily or regular domestic flights within Greenland. GOH also serves international flights to <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, business, and private airplanes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ilulissat_Airport" title="Ilulissat Airport">Ilulissat Airport</a> (JAV)<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a domestic airport that also serves international flights to <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. </p><p>There are a total of 13 registered civil airports and 47 helipads in Greenland; most of them are unpaved and located in rural areas. The second-longest runway is at <a href="/wiki/Narsarsuaq_Airport" title="Narsarsuaq Airport">Narsarsuaq Airport</a>, a domestic airport with limited international service in south Greenland. All civil aviation matters are handled by the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Transport_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Transport Authority">Danish Transport Authority</a>. Most airports, including Nuuk Airport, have short runways and can only be served by special fairly small aircraft on fairly short flights. Kangerlussuaq Airport, which is around 100 km (62 mi) inland from the west coast, is the major airport of Greenland and the hub for domestic flights. Intercontinental flights connect mainly to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. Travel between international destinations (except Iceland) and any city in Greenland requires a plane change. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Icelandair" title="Icelandair">Icelandair</a> operates flights from <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> to a number of airports in Greenland, and the company promotes the service as a day-trip option from Iceland for tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are no direct flights to the United States or Canada, although there have been flights Kangerlussuaq – <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nuuk – <a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were cancelled because of too few passengers and financial losses.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative between Greenland and the United States/Canada is <a href="/wiki/Icelandair" title="Icelandair">Icelandair</a> with a plane change in Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sea <a href="/wiki/Passenger" title="Passenger">passenger</a> transport is served by several coastal ferries. <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Umiaq_Line" title="Arctic Umiaq Line">Arctic Umiaq Line</a> makes a single round trip per week, taking 80 hours each direction.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo freight</a> by sea is handled by the shipping company <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arctic_Line" title="Royal Arctic Line">Royal Arctic Line</a> from, to and across Greenland. It provides trade and transport opportunities between Greenland, Europe, and North America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For statistics on demographics, see <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland" title="Demographics of Greenland">Demographics of Greenland</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greenlanders" title="List of Greenlanders">List of Greenlanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Greenlandic Inuit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danish_people_in_Greenland" title="Danish people in Greenland">Danish people in Greenland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kulusuk,_Inuit_couple_(6822265499).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_couple_%286822265499%29.jpg/220px-Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_couple_%286822265499%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_couple_%286822265499%29.jpg/330px-Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_couple_%286822265499%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_couple_%286822265499%29.jpg/440px-Kulusuk%2C_Inuit_couple_%286822265499%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tunumiit" title="Tunumiit">Tunumiit</a> <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> couple from <a href="/wiki/Kulusuk" title="Kulusuk">Kulusuk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2021, Greenland had a population of 56,421.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, 18,800 people resided in the capital city <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a>. Nearly all Greenlanders live along the fjords in the south-west of the main island, which has a relatively mild climate, especially considering the high latitude upon which it lies.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas the majority of the population lives north of 64°N in colder coastal climates, Greenland's warmest climates such as the vegetated area around <a href="/wiki/Narsarsuaq" title="Narsarsuaq">Narsarsuaq</a> are sparsely populated. </p><p>The majority of the population is <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Lutheran</a>. The historically important <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Brothers</a> (<i>Herrnhuters</i>) were a congregation of faith, in a Danish context based in <a href="/wiki/Christiansfeld" title="Christiansfeld">Christiansfeld</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Jutland" title="Southern Jutland">South Jutland</a>, and partially of German origin, but their name does not signify they were ethnic <a href="/wiki/Moravians" title="Moravians">Moravians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a>). </p><p>In terms of country of birth, the population is estimated to be of 89.7% <a href="/wiki/Greenlanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlanders">Greenlandic</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-ethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-ethnic">multiethnic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European</a>-<a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> origin, 7.8% <a href="/wiki/Danish_people_in_Greenland" title="Danish people in Greenland">Danish</a>, 1.1% other <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> and 1.4% other. The multi-ethnic population of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European</a>-<a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> represent people of <a href="/wiki/Danish_people_in_Greenland" title="Danish people in Greenland">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian people">Norwegian</a> and to a lesser degree of <a href="/wiki/Faroese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroese people">Faroese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Icelandic people">Icelandic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Netherlands#17th_century" title="Whaling in the Netherlands">whalers</a>), <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and American descent. </p><p>A 2015 wide genetic study of Greenlanders found modern-day Inuit in Greenland are direct descendants of the first Inuit pioneers of the <a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule culture</a> who arrived in the 13th century, with approximately 25% admixture of the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonizers</a> from the 16th century. Despite previous speculations, no evidence of Viking settlers predecessors has been found.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Greenland</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2020 estimate<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Greenland">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Administrative divisions of Greenland">Municipality</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Greenland">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Administrative divisions of Greenland">Municipality</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuuk_city_below_Sermitsiaq.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuuk"><img alt="Nuuk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nuuk_city_below_Sermitsiaq.JPG/120px-Nuuk_city_below_Sermitsiaq.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nuuk_city_below_Sermitsiaq.JPG/180px-Nuuk_city_below_Sermitsiaq.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nuuk_city_below_Sermitsiaq.JPG/240px-Nuuk_city_below_Sermitsiaq.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1119" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sisimiut-centrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sisimiut"><img alt="Sisimiut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sisimiut-centrum.jpg/120px-Sisimiut-centrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sisimiut-centrum.jpg/180px-Sisimiut-centrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sisimiut-centrum.jpg/240px-Sisimiut-centrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sisimiut" title="Sisimiut">Sisimiut</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sermersooq" title="Sermersooq">Sermersooq</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,326</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nanortalik" title="Nanortalik">Nanortalik</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kujalleq" title="Kujalleq">Kujalleq</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,185 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilulissat-port.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ilulissat"><img alt="Ilulissat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ilulissat-port.jpg/120px-Ilulissat-port.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ilulissat-port.jpg/180px-Ilulissat-port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ilulissat-port.jpg/240px-Ilulissat-port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ilulissat" title="Ilulissat">Ilulissat</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aasiaat_2016_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aasiaat"><img alt="Aasiaat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Aasiaat_2016_06.jpg/120px-Aasiaat_2016_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Aasiaat_2016_06.jpg/180px-Aasiaat_2016_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Aasiaat_2016_06.jpg/240px-Aasiaat_2016_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Aasiaat" title="Aasiaat">Aasiaat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sisimiut" title="Sisimiut">Sisimiut</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqqata" title="Qeqqata">Qeqqata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,582</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Upernavik" title="Upernavik">Upernavik</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avannaata" title="Avannaata">Avannaata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,092 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ilulissat" title="Ilulissat">Ilulissat</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avannaata" title="Avannaata">Avannaata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,670</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qasigiannguit" title="Qasigiannguit">Qasigiannguit</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqertalik" title="Qeqertalik">Qeqertalik</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,081 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aasiaat" title="Aasiaat">Aasiaat</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqertalik" title="Qeqertalik">Qeqertalik</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,069</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqertarsuaq" title="Qeqertarsuaq">Qeqertarsuaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqertalik" title="Qeqertalik">Qeqertalik</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">839 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qaqortoq" title="Qaqortoq">Qaqortoq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kujalleq" title="Kujalleq">Kujalleq</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,050</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qaanaaq" title="Qaanaaq">Qaanaaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avannaata" title="Avannaata">Avannaata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">646 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maniitsoq" title="Maniitsoq">Maniitsoq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqqata" title="Qeqqata">Qeqqata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,534</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kangaatsiaq" title="Kangaatsiaq">Kangaatsiaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqertalik" title="Qeqertalik">Qeqertalik</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">520 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tasiilaq" title="Tasiilaq">Tasiilaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sermersooq" title="Sermersooq">Sermersooq</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,063</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kangerlussuaq" title="Kangerlussuaq">Kangerlussuaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqqata" title="Qeqqata">Qeqqata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">508 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Uummannaq" title="Uummannaq">Uummannaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avannaata" title="Avannaata">Avannaata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,407</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kullorsuaq" title="Kullorsuaq">Kullorsuaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avannaata" title="Avannaata">Avannaata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">453 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Narsaq" title="Narsaq">Narsaq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kujalleq" title="Kujalleq">Kujalleq</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,346</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ittoqqortoormiit" title="Ittoqqortoormiit">Ittoqqortoormiit</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sermersooq" title="Sermersooq">Sermersooq</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">345 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paamiut" title="Paamiut">Paamiut</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sermersooq" title="Sermersooq">Sermersooq</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,308</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kangaamiut" title="Kangaamiut">Kangaamiut</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qeqqata" title="Qeqqata">Qeqqata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">293 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parkverbot_Gr%C3%B6nland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parkverbot_Gr%C3%B6nland.jpg/220px-Parkverbot_Gr%C3%B6nland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parkverbot_Gr%C3%B6nland.jpg/330px-Parkverbot_Gr%C3%B6nland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parkverbot_Gr%C3%B6nland.jpg/440px-Parkverbot_Gr%C3%B6nland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A bilingual sign in Nuuk displays the Danish and Kalaallisut for "Parking forbidden for all vehicles".</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a> (effectively <a href="/wiki/West_Greenlandic" title="West Greenlandic">West Greenlandic</a>), spoken by nearly 50,000 people, became the official sole language in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the population speak both <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> and West Greenlandic Kalaallisut (the most populous <a href="/wiki/Eskaleut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskaleut language">Eskaleut language</a>). They have been used in public affairs since the establishment of home rule in 1979. In practice, Danish is still widely used in administration, academics, and skilled trades and other professions. The orthography of Greenlandic, established in 1851,<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was <a href="/wiki/Kalaallisut_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalaallisut orthography">revised</a> in 1973. The <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy rate</a> is 100%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia-factbook_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-factbook-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 12% of the population speak Danish as a first or sole language. These primarily are Danish immigrants, many of whom remain the first and only language for those in Nuuk and other larger towns. Debate about the roles of Greenlandic and Danish in the country's future is evolving. While Greenlandic was dominant in all smaller settlements, most of the multi ethnic Inuit ancestors spoke Danish as a second language. In larger towns, especially Nuuk, this Danish group was more important for social matters. English is another important language for Greenland now taught from the first school year.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>West Greenland has long been the most populous area of the island and home to its de facto status as the official Greenlandic language. Although around 3,000 people speak <a href="/wiki/Tunumiit_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunumiit dialect">East Greenlandic</a> (Tunumiisut) and nearly 1,000 around northern <a href="/wiki/Qaanaaq" title="Qaanaaq">Qaanaaq</a> speak <a href="/wiki/Inuktun" title="Inuktun">Inuktun</a>. North Greenlandic is closer to the Inuit languages of Canada than it is to other Greenlandic.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of these varieties is nearly unintelligible to the speakers of the others and some linguists consider Tunumiisut to be a separate language all together.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> report labelled the other varieties as endangered, and measures are now considered to protect the East Greenlandic dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <p>Education is organized in a similar way to Denmark. There is ten year mandatory <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a>. There is also a secondary school, with either work education or preparatory for university education. There is one university, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenland" title="University of Greenland">University of Greenland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>: <i lang="kl">Ilisimatusarfik</i>) in Nuuk. Many <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland" title="Demographics of Greenland">Greenlanders</a> attend universities in Denmark or elsewhere. </p><p>The public school system in Greenland is, as in Denmark, under the jurisdiction of the municipalities: they are therefore municipal schools. The legislature specifies the standards allowed for the content in schools, but the municipal governments decide how the schools under their responsibility are run. <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a> is free and <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory</a> for children aged seven to 16. The financial effort devoted to education is now very important (11.3% of GDP). Section 1 of the Government Ordinance on Public Schools (as amended on 6 June 1997) requires Greenlandic as the language of instruction. </p><p>Education is governed by Regulation No. 10 of 25 October 1990 on primary and lower secondary education. This regulation was amended by Regulation No. 8 of 13 May 1993 and Regulation No. 1 of 1 March 1994. Under Regulation No. 10 of 25 October 1990, linguistic integration in primary and lower secondary schools became compulsory for all <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">students</a>. The aim is to place Greenlandic-speaking and Danish-speaking pupils in the same classes, whereas previously they were placed in separate classes according to their mother tongue. At the same time, the government guarantees that Danish speakers can learn Greenlandic. In this way, the Greenlandic government wants to give the same linguistic, cultural and social education to all students, both those of Greenlandic and Danish origin. A study, which was carried out during a three-year trial period, concluded that this policy had achieved positive results. This <a href="/wiki/Bilingualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingualism">bilingualism</a> policy has been in force since 1994. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilimmarfik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ilimmarfik.jpg/220px-Ilimmarfik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ilimmarfik.jpg/330px-Ilimmarfik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ilimmarfik.jpg/440px-Ilimmarfik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Ilimmarfik</i> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenland" title="University of Greenland">University of Greenland</a>) campus is in <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>About 100 schools have been established. Greenlandic and Danish are taught there. Normally, Greenlandic is taught from kindergarten to the end of secondary school, but Danish is compulsory from the first cycle of primary school as a second language. As in Denmark with Danish, the school system provides for "Greenlandic 1" and "Greenlandic 2" courses. Language tests allow students to move from one level to the other. Based on the teachers' evaluation of their students, a third level of courses has been added: "Greenlandic 3". Secondary education in Greenland is generally vocational and technical. The system is governed by Regulation No. 16 of 28 October 1993 on Vocational and <a href="/wiki/Technical_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Education">Technical Education</a>, Scholarships and Career Guidance. <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> remains the main language of instruction. The capital, Nuuk, has a (bilingual) teacher training college and a (bilingual) university. At the end of their studies, all students must pass a test in the Greenlandic language. </p><p>Higher education is offered in Greenland: "university education" (regulation no. 3 of 9 May 1989); training of journalists, training of primary and lower secondary school teachers, training of social workers, training of social educators (regulation no. 1 of 16 May 1989); and training of nurses and nursing assistants (regulation no. 9 of 13 May 1990). Greenlandic students can continue their education in Denmark, if they wish and have the financial means to do so. For admission to Danish educational institutions, Greenlandic applicants are placed on an equal footing with Danish applicants. <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">Scholarships</a> are granted to Greenlandic students who are admitted to Danish educational institutions. To be eligible for these scholarships, the applicant must be a <a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Danish citizen</a> and have had permanent residence in Greenland for at least five years. The total period of residence outside Greenland may not exceed three years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greenland" title="Religion in Greenland">Religion in Greenland</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Yellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2651.3256287233px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1987.7609902728px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 506.89393637885px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 399.88857067245px; border-left-color:Turquoise"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Turquoise"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Turquoise"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 361.07774271147px; border-left-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 344.20225766692px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Greenland (2010):<sup id="cite_ref-ARDA_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARDA-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (95.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> (0.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Turquoise; color:black;"> </span> Other <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> (0.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Inuit_spiritual_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuit spiritual beliefs">Inuit spiritual beliefs</a> (0.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">Agnostic</a> (2.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">Atheist</a> (0.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> Other religion (0.6%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanortalik_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nanortalik_church.jpg/220px-Nanortalik_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nanortalik_church.jpg/330px-Nanortalik_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nanortalik_church.jpg/440px-Nanortalik_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1348" /></a><figcaption>Most Greenlandic villages, including <a href="/wiki/Nanortalik" title="Nanortalik">Nanortalik</a>, have their own church.</figcaption></figure> <p>The nomadic <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> were traditionally <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanistic</a>, with a well-developed <a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">religion</a> primarily concerned with appeasing a vengeful and <a href="/wiki/Sedna_(mythology)" title="Sedna (mythology)">fingerless sea goddess</a> called Sedna who controlled the success of the <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">seal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whale hunts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse colonization of Greenland">Norse colonists</a> worshipped the <a href="/wiki/Norse_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse religion">Norse gods</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a>'s son <a href="/wiki/Leif_Ericson" class="mw-redirect" title="Leif Ericson">Leif</a> was converted to Christianity by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Trygvesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Olaf Trygvesson">Olaf Trygvesson</a> on a trip to Norway in 999 and sent missionaries back to Greenland. These swiftly established sixteen parishes, some monasteries, and a bishopric at <a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar,_Greenland" title="Garðar, Greenland">Garðar</a>. </p><p>Rediscovering these colonists and spreading ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> among them was one of the primary reasons for the <a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish colonization of Greenland">Danish recolonization</a> in the 18th century. Under the patronage of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mission_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Mission College">Royal Mission College</a> in Copenhagen, Norwegian and Danish <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Lutherans</a> and German <a href="/wiki/Moravian_missions_in_Greenland" title="Moravian missions in Greenland">Moravian missionaries</a> searched for the missing Norse settlements, but no Norse were found, and instead they began preaching to the Inuit. The principal figures in the <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a> of Greenland were <a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poul_Egede" class="mw-redirect" title="Poul Egede">Poul Egede</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Stach" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Stach">Matthias Stach</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> was translated piecemeal from the time of the first settlement on Kangeq Island, but the first translation of the whole Bible was not completed until 1900. An improved translation using the <a href="/wiki/Kalaallisut_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalaallisut orthography">modern orthography</a> was completed in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The major religion is <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, represented mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a>, which is <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> in orientation. There are no official census data on religion in Greenland, but the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Greenland" title="Bishop of Greenland">Bishop of Greenland</a> <a href="/wiki/Sofie_Petersen" title="Sofie Petersen">Sofie Petersen</a><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estimates that 85% of the Greenlandic population are members of her congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of Denmark is the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">established church</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> minority is pastorally served by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Copenhagen" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Copenhagen">Roman Catholic Diocese of Copenhagen</a>. There are still Christian missionaries on the island, but mainly from <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">charismatic movements</a> <a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">proselytizing</a> fellow Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-jazbablog_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jazbablog-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3></div> <p>The rate of <a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Greenland" title="Suicide in Greenland">suicide in Greenland</a> is very high. According to a 2010 census, Greenland holds <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate" title="List of countries by suicide rate">the highest suicide rate in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Suicide_Capital_of_the_World_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Suicide_Capital_of_the_World-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rising_suicide_rate_baffles_Greenland_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rising_suicide_rate_baffles_Greenland-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another significant social issue faced by Greenland is a high rate of alcoholism.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcohol consumption rates in Greenland reached their height in the 1980s, when it was twice as high as in Denmark, and had by 2010 fallen slightly below the average level of consumption in Denmark (which at the time were 12th highest in the world, but <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">has since fallen</a>). However, at the same time, alcohol prices are far higher, meaning that consumption has a large social impact.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prevalence of HIV/AIDS used to be high in Greenland and peaked in the 1990s when the fatality rate also was relatively high. Through a number of initiatives the prevalence (along with the fatality rate through efficient treatment) has fallen and is now low, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 0.13%,<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> below <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">most other countries</a>. In recent decades, the unemployment rates have generally been somewhat above those in Denmark;<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2017, the rate was 6.8% in Greenland,<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared to 5.6% in Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fertility_control">Fertility control</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spiral_case" title="Spiral case">Spiral case</a></div> <p>In the 1960s and 1970s, at a time when the population was increasing, 4,500 Greenland Inuit women and girls (roughly half of all fertile females) were fitted with intrauterine devices (IUDs) by Danish doctors. Sometimes girls (as young as 12) were taken directly from school to have these devices inserted, without parents' permission being sought. The procedure was also carried out on some Inuit girls at boarding schools in Denmark. On 30 September 2022, the Danish Health Minister, Magnus Heunicke, confirmed that a two-year investigation would try to find out what decisions led to the practice and how it was carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenlandic doctors also carried out the same illegal procedures on several Inuit women after Greenland took control of its health care system in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greenland" title="Culture of Greenland">Culture of Greenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greenland" title="Music of Greenland">Music of Greenland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Denmark#Indigenous_rights" title="Human rights in Denmark">Human rights in Denmark § Indigenous rights</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nive_Nielsen_Rudolstadt_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nive_Nielsen_Rudolstadt_01.jpg/220px-Nive_Nielsen_Rudolstadt_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nive_Nielsen_Rudolstadt_01.jpg/330px-Nive_Nielsen_Rudolstadt_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nive_Nielsen_Rudolstadt_01.jpg/440px-Nive_Nielsen_Rudolstadt_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nive_Nielsen" title="Nive Nielsen">Nive Nielsen</a>, Greenlandic singer and songwriter</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh,_Tommi_Kainulainen_-_WOMEX_15,_Budapest,_2015.10.22_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh%2C_Tommi_Kainulainen_-_WOMEX_15%2C_Budapest%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG/220px-Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh%2C_Tommi_Kainulainen_-_WOMEX_15%2C_Budapest%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh%2C_Tommi_Kainulainen_-_WOMEX_15%2C_Budapest%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG/330px-Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh%2C_Tommi_Kainulainen_-_WOMEX_15%2C_Budapest%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh%2C_Tommi_Kainulainen_-_WOMEX_15%2C_Budapest%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG/440px-Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh%2C_Tommi_Kainulainen_-_WOMEX_15%2C_Budapest%2C_2015.10.22_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Greenlandic movie maker <a href="/wiki/Inuk_Silis_H%C3%B8egh" title="Inuk Silis Høegh">Inuk Silis Høegh</a> held a panel discussion at the launch of his movie about groundbreaking Greenlandic band <a href="/wiki/Sume_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sume (band)">Sumé</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Greenlandic culture is a blending of traditional Inuit (<a href="/wiki/Kalaallit" title="Kalaallit">Kalaallit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunumiit" title="Tunumiit">Tunumiit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inughuit" title="Inughuit">Inughuit</a>) and Scandinavian culture. Inuit, or Kalaallit, culture has a strong artistic tradition, dating back thousands of years. The Kalaallit are known for an art form of figures called <i><a href="/wiki/Tupilak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupilak">tupilak</a></i> or a "spirit object". Traditional art-making practices thrive in the <i>Ammassalik</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ingo20_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ingo20-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Sperm whale</a> ivory remains a valued medium for carving.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Greenland" title="Special:EditPage/Greenland">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Greenland%22">"Greenland"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Greenland%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Greenland%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Greenland%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Greenland%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Greenland%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Greenland has a successful, albeit small, music culture. Some popular <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a> bands and artists include <a href="/wiki/Sume_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sume (band)">Sumé</a> (classic rock), <a href="/wiki/Chilly_Friday" title="Chilly Friday">Chilly Friday</a> (rock), <a href="/wiki/Nanook_(band)" title="Nanook (band)">Nanook</a> (rock), <a href="/wiki/Siissisoq" title="Siissisoq">Siissisoq</a> (rock), <a href="/wiki/Nuuk_Posse" title="Nuuk Posse">Nuuk Posse</a> (hip hop) and <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Lyberth" title="Rasmus Lyberth">Rasmus Lyberth</a> (folk), who performed in the <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1979" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979">Danish national final for the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest</a>, performing in Greenlandic. The singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Simon_Lynge" title="Simon Lynge">Simon Lynge</a> is the first musical artist from Greenland to have an album released across the United Kingdom, and to perform at the UK's <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury Festival</a>. The music culture of Greenland also includes traditional <a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit music</a>, largely revolving around singing and drums. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a> is the traditional Greenlandic instrument. It was used to perform traditional drum dances. For this purpose, a round drum (qilaat) in the form of a frame made of driftwood or walrus ribs covered with a polar bear bladder, polar bear stomach or walrus stomach was used. The drumming was not done on the membrane, but with a stick from underneath the frame. Simple melodies were sung for this purpose. </p><p>The drum <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> used to serve two functions. One was to drive away fear on long, dark winter nights by making faces and trying to make others laugh. Disputes were also settled with the drum. If someone had misbehaved, he was challenged with the drum. People would gather at certain powerful places and take turns beating the drum and singing to it. They tried to ridicule the other person as much as possible. The spectators expressed with their laughter who was the winner and who was therefore the guilty one. </p><p>The drum could also be used by shamans for ritual conjurations of spirits. </p><p>After the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a> in the 18th century, the drum dance (still popular among Canadian Inuit) was banned as pagan and shamanistic and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Polyphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic">polyphonic</a> singing of secular and <a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">church songs</a>. This choral singing is known for its special sound. Church hymns are partly of German origin due to the influence of the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeinde. Scandinavian, <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a> and Scottish whalers brought the fiddle, accordion and polka (kalattuut) to Greenland, where they are now played in intricate dance steps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Greenland" title="Sport in Greenland">Sport in Greenland</a></div> <p>Sport is an important part of Greenlandic culture, as the population is generally quite active.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular sports include <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>. Handball is often referred to as the national sport,<sup id="cite_ref-handball_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handball-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Greenland_men%27s_national_handball_team" title="Greenland men's national handball team">men's national team</a> was ranked among the top 20 in the world in 2001. </p><p>Greenland has excellent conditions for <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">ice climbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Mountain_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain climbing">mountain climbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a> are preferred by the general public. Although the environment is generally ill-suited for golf, there is a golf course in Nuuk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilersuisoq_Supermarket,_Kangerlussuaq_(Quintin_Soloviev).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pilersuisoq_Supermarket%2C_Kangerlussuaq_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.png/220px-Pilersuisoq_Supermarket%2C_Kangerlussuaq_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pilersuisoq_Supermarket%2C_Kangerlussuaq_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.png/330px-Pilersuisoq_Supermarket%2C_Kangerlussuaq_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pilersuisoq_Supermarket%2C_Kangerlussuaq_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.png/440px-Pilersuisoq_Supermarket%2C_Kangerlussuaq_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pilersuisoq" title="Pilersuisoq">Pilersuisoq</a> Supermarket in <a href="/wiki/Kangerlussuaq" title="Kangerlussuaq">Kangerlussuaq</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic cuisine</a></div> <p>The national dish of Greenland is <a href="/wiki/Suaasat" title="Suaasat">suaasat</a>, a soup made from <a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">seal meat</a>. Meat from marine mammals, game, birds, and fish have a large role in the Greenlandic diet. Due to the glacial landscape, most ingredients come from the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spices are seldom used besides salt and pepper.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenlandic coffee is a "flaming" dessert coffee (set alight before serving) made with coffee, whiskey, Kahlúa, Grand Marnier, and whipped cream. It is stronger than the familiar Irish dessert coffee.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <p>Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa (KNR) is the public <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting company</a> of Greenland. It is an associate member of Eurovision and an associate member of the Nordvision network. Nearly one hundred people are directly employed by this company, which is one of the largest in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Nuuk also has its own radio and <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a>. The city of Nuuk also has a local television channel, Nanoq Media, which was created on 1 August 2002. It is the largest local television station in Greenland, reaching more than 4,000 households as receiving members, which corresponds to about 75% of all households in the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only two newspapers are published in Greenland, both of which are distributed nationally. The Greenlandic weekly <i>Sermitsiaq</i> is published every <a href="/wiki/Friday" title="Friday">Friday</a>, while the online version is updated several times a day. It was distributed only in <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a> until the 1980s. It is named after the mountain Sermitsiaq, located about 15 km (9.5 mi) northeast of Nuuk. The bi-weekly <i>Atuagagdliutit</i>/<i>Grønlandsposten</i> (AG) is the other newspaper in Greenland, published every Tuesday and Thursday in Greenlandic as <i>Atuagagdliutit</i> and in Danish as <i>Grønlandsposten</i>. The articles are all published in both languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_arts">Fine arts</h3></div> <p>The Inuit have their own arts and <a href="/wiki/Crafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Crafts">crafts</a> tradition; for example, they carve tupilaks, sculptures of figures of avenging monsters practiced within shaman traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Kalaallisut word means soul or spirit of a deceased person and describes an artistic figure, usually no more than 20 centimetres (8 in) tall, carved mainly from walrus ivory, with a variety of unusual shapes. This sculpture actually represents a mythical or spiritual being; usually, however, it has become a mere collector's item because of its grotesque appearance for Western visual habits. Modern artisans still use <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous (ecology)">indigenous</a> materials such as musk ox and sheep wool, seal fur, shells, soapstone, reindeer antlers or gemstones. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> of Greenlandic painting began with Aron von Kangeq, who depicted the old Greenlandic sagas and myths in his drawings and watercolours in the mid-19th century. In the 20th century, landscape and animal painting developed, as well as <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a> and book illustrations with sometimes expressive colouring. It was mainly through their landscape paintings that Kiistat Lund and Buuti Pedersen became known abroad. Anne-Birthe Hove chose themes from Greenlandic social life. There is a museum of fine arts in Nuuk, the <a href="/wiki/Nuuk_Art_Museum" title="Nuuk Art Museum">Nuuk Art Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Greenland-related_articles" title="Index of Greenland-related articles">Index of Greenland-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Greenland" title="Outline of Greenland">Outline of Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuna asiilasooq</i> has equal status as a <a href="/wiki/Regional_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional anthem">regional anthem</a> but is generally used only in Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-languages-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-languages_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-languages_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenlandic has been the sole official language of Greenland since 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-selvstyre_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selvstyre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-law_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 2000: 410,449 km<sup>2</sup> (158,475 sq mi) ice-free; 1,755,637 km<sup>2</sup> (677,855 sq mi) ice-covered.<br />Density: 0.14/km<sup>2</sup> (0.36/sq mi) for ice-free areas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> are all larger than Greenland, but they are generally considered <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continents</a>, not islands.<sup id="cite_ref-jc_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jc-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213120446/http://www.inatsisartut.gl/groenlands_landsting/landstingssamlinger/em_2003/dgopkt_behdato/spoergsmaal/50.html">"03EM/01.25.01-50 Spørgsmål til Landsstyret: Hvornår fremsætter Landsstyret beslutning om Grønlands"</a> [03EM/01.25.01-50 Questions to the Home Rule Government: When does the Home Rule Government make a decision on Greenland]. <a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Government of Greenland</a>. 7 October 2003. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+per+capita+%28Current+US%24%29+-+Greenland+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.PCAP.CD%3Flocations%3DGL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/">"Gini Index coefficient"</a>. CIA World Factbook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index+coefficient&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Fgini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income%2Fcountry-comparison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvakov2012" class="citation book cs1">Avakov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p--IYwyuog0C"><i>Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons (2012): A Statistical Yearbook for Statesmen and Citizens</i></a>. Algora Publishing. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-892-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-892-9"><bdi>978-0-87586-892-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240309055223/https://books.google.com/books?id=p--IYwyuog0C">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quality+of+Life%2C+Balance+of+Powers%2C+and+Nuclear+Weapons+%282012%29%3A+A+Statistical+Yearbook+for+Statesmen+and+Citizens&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-87586-892-9&rft.aulast=Avakov&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+Vladimirovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp--IYwyuog0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denmark.dk/people-and-culture/greenland">"Greenland: The world's largest island"</a>. <i>Denmark.dk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231220232126/https://denmark.dk/people-and-culture/greenland">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Denmark.dk&rft.atitle=Greenland%3A+The+world%27s+largest+island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdenmark.dk%2Fpeople-and-culture%2Fgreenland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallen_J._Timothy2020" class="citation book cs1">Dallen J. Timothy (6 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UYMIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA94"><i>Tourism in European Microstates and Dependencies: Geopolitics, Scale and Resource Limitations</i></a>. CABI. pp. 94–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78924-310-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78924-310-9"><bdi>978-1-78924-310-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1162434605">1162434605</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240610113252/https://books.google.com/books?id=UYMIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>. <q>This ....This change in governance also resulted in Greenland becoming an autonomous 'constituent country' in the Danish realm...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+in+European+Microstates+and+Dependencies%3A+Geopolitics%2C+Scale+and+Resource+Limitations&rft.pages=94-&rft.pub=CABI&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1162434605&rft.isbn=978-1-78924-310-9&rft.au=Dallen+J.+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUYMIEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedikter2006" class="citation web cs1">Benedikter, Thomas (19 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html">"The working autonomies in Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Threatened_Peoples" title="Society for Threatened Peoples">Society for Threatened Peoples</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2019</span>. <q>Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+working+autonomies+in+Europe&rft.pub=Society+for+Threatened+Peoples&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft.aulast=Benedikter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfbv.it%2F3dossier%2Feu-min%2Fautonomy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckrén2017" class="citation web cs1">Ackrén, Maria (November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830110832/http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx">"Greenland"</a>. Autonomy Arrangements in the World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx">the original</a> on 30 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2019</span>. <q>Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greenland&rft.pub=Autonomy+Arrangements+in+the+World&rft.date=2017-11&rft.aulast=Ackr%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-autonomies.info%2Ftas%2FGreenland%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/countries/greenland_en">"Greenland"</a>. <i>International Cooperation and Development</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. 3 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140916135422/https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/countries/greenland_en">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2019</span>. <q>Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Cooperation+and+Development&rft.atitle=Greenland&rft.date=2013-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feuropeaid%2Fcountries%2Fgreenland_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-worldfactbook-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldfactbook_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldfactbook_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/">"Greenland"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. CIA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109162939/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Greenland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgreenland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jc-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jc_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldislandinfo.com">"Joshua Calder's World Island Information"</a>. Worldislandinfo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110423173524/http://www.worldislandinfo.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joshua+Calder%27s+World+Island+Information&rft.pub=Worldislandinfo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldislandinfo.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown2000-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2000_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2000_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2000_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/greenland/">The Fate of Greenland's Vikings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110111090459/http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/greenland/">Archived</a> 11 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Dale Mackenzie Brown, <i>Archaeological Institute of America</i>, 28 February 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natmus-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natmus_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207035806/http://natmus.dk/forsknings-og-formidlingsafdelingen/etnografisk-samling/sila-arctic-centre/prehistory-of-greenland/saqqaq/">"Saqqaq-kulturen kronologi"</a>. National Museum of Denmark. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://natmus.dk/forsknings-og-formidlingsafdelingen/etnografisk-samling/sila-arctic-centre/prehistory-of-greenland/saqqaq/">the original</a> on 7 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saqqaq-kulturen+kronologi&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnatmus.dk%2Fforsknings-og-formidlingsafdelingen%2Fetnografisk-samling%2Fsila-arctic-centre%2Fprehistory-of-greenland%2Fsaqqaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaillardForsterLynnerupBandelt2000" class="citation journal cs1">Saillard J, Forster P, Lynnerup N, Bandelt HJ, Nørby S (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1287530">"mtDNA variation among Greenland Eskimos: the edge of the Beringian expansion"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>67</b> (3): 718–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F303038">10.1086/303038</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9297">0002-9297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1287530">1287530</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10924403">10924403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=mtDNA+variation+among+Greenland+Eskimos%3A+the+edge+of+the+Beringian+expansion&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=718-26&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1287530%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0002-9297&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10924403&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F303038&rft.aulast=Saillard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Forster%2C+P&rft.au=Lynnerup%2C+N&rft.au=Bandelt%2C+HJ&rft.au=N%C3%B8rby%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1287530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenland_In_Figures_2012-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenland_In_Figures_2012_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2012/content/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202012.pdf"><i>Greenland in Figures 2012</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. stat.gl. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-986787-6-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-986787-6-2"><bdi>978-87-986787-6-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1602-5709">1602-5709</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113160436/http://www.stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2012/content/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202012.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greenland+in+Figures+2012&rft.pub=stat.gl&rft.issn=1602-5709&rft.isbn=978-87-986787-6-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gl%2Fpubl%2Fen%2FGF%2F2012%2Fcontent%2FGreenland%2520in%2520Figures%25202012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcghee2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mcghee, Robert (3 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thule-culture/">"Thule Culture"</a>. <i>Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Historica Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120045928/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thule-culture/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thule+Culture&rft.btitle=Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Historica+Canada&rft.date=2015-04-03&rft.aulast=Mcghee&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fthule-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/greenland-population">"Population of Greenland"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804114047/https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/greenland-population">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+Greenland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Fgreenland-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popden-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popden_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST?order=wbapi_data_value_2010+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc">"Population density (people per sq. km of land area)"</a>. The World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605122932/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST?order=wbapi_data_value_2010+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+density+%28people+per+sq.+km+of+land+area%29&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FEN.POP.DNST%3Forder%3Dwbapi_data_value_2010%2Bwbapi_data_value%2Bwbapi_data_value-last%26sort%3Dasc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nukissiorfiit.gl/da/Produkter/Vedvarende-energi">"Vedvarende energi"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Viking+Settlers+in+Greenland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fscience%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fviking-settlers-greenland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoraas2002" class="citation book cs1">Boraas, Tracey (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweden0000bora/page/24"><i>Sweden</i></a>. Capstone Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweden0000bora/page/24">24</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7368-0939-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7368-0939-2"><bdi>0-7368-0939-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweden&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Capstone+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7368-0939-2&rft.aulast=Boraas&rft.aufirst=Tracey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsweden0000bora%2Fpage%2F24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diamond-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diamond_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diamond_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diamond_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diamond_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Diamond, Jared</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed" title="Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed"><i>Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed</i></a>. Harmondsworth [Eng.]: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303655-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303655-5"><bdi>978-0-14-303655-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collapse%3A+How+Societies+Choose+to+Fail+or+Succeed&rft.place=Harmondsworth+%5BEng.%5D&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303655-5&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jared&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arnold-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold C. (June 2010) "Cold Did In the Norse", <i>Earth Magazine</i>. p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehringer2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Behringer, Wolfgang (9 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VqjESAAACAAJ"><i>Kulturgeschichte des Klimas: Von der Eiszeit zur globalen Erwärmung</i></a> (in German). Munich: Dt. Taschenbuch-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-52866-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-52866-8"><bdi>978-3-406-52866-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624225857/https://books.google.com/books?id=VqjESAAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kulturgeschichte+des+Klimas%3A+Von+der+Eiszeit+zur+globalen+Erw%C3%A4rmung&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Dt.+Taschenbuch-Verlag&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft.isbn=978-3-406-52866-8&rft.aulast=Behringer&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVqjESAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlleyMayewskiPeelStauffer1996" class="citation journal cs1">Alley, R.; Mayewski, P.; Peel, D.; Stauffer, B. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ers_facpub/252">"Twin ice cores from Greenland reveal history of climate change, more"</a>. <i>Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union</i>. <b>77</b> (22): 209–10. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996EOSTr..77R.209A">1996EOSTr..77R.209A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F96EO00142">10.1029/96EO00142</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180414125211/https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ers_facpub/252/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Twin+ice+cores+from+Greenland+reveal+history+of+climate+change%2C+more&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=209-10&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F96EO00142&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996EOSTr..77R.209A&rft.aulast=Alley&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Mayewski%2C+P.&rft.au=Peel%2C+D.&rft.au=Stauffer%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.library.umaine.edu%2Fers_facpub%2F252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2003/07/17/2858655.htm">Why societies collapse</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120802053920/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2003/07/17/2858655.htm">Archived</a> 2 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". ABC Science.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPattersonDietrichHolmdenAndrews2010" class="citation journal cs1">Patterson, W. P.; Dietrich, K. A.; Holmden, C.; Andrews, J. T. (23 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851789">"Two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>107</b> (12): 5306–5310. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PNAS..107.5306P">2010PNAS..107.5306P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0902522107">10.1073/pnas.0902522107</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851789">2851789</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20212157">20212157</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Two+millennia+of+North+Atlantic+seasonality+and+implications+for+Norse+colonies&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=5306-5310&rft.date=2010-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2851789%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20212157&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0902522107&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PNAS..107.5306P&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=W.+P.&rft.au=Dietrich%2C+K.+A.&rft.au=Holmden%2C+C.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+J.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2851789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IngstadIngstad2000-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IngstadIngstad2000_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IngstadIngstad2000_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngstadStine_Ingstad2000" class="citation book cs1">Ingstad, Helge; Stine Ingstad, Anne (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gj-I5hdpzGoC&pg=PA28"><i>The Viking Discovery of America: The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland</i></a>. Breakwater Books. pp. 28–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55081-158-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55081-158-4"><bdi>1-55081-158-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Viking+Discovery+of+America%3A+The+Excavation+of+a+Norse+Settlement+in+L%27Anse+Aux+Meadows%2C+Newfoundland&rft.pages=28-&rft.pub=Breakwater+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-55081-158-4&rft.aulast=Ingstad&rft.aufirst=Helge&rft.au=Stine+Ingstad%2C+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGj-I5hdpzGoC%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bishop, Rosie R., et al. "A charcoal-rich horizon at Ø69, Greenland: evidence for vegetation burning during the Norse landnám?." <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i> 40.11 (2013): 3890–902</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeoneKnauf2015-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeoneKnauf2015_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeoneKnauf2015" class="citation book cs1">Leone, Mark P.; Knauf, Jocelyn E. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zJy4CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA211"><i>Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism</i></a>. Springer. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-12760-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-12760-6"><bdi>978-3-319-12760-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Archaeologies+of+Capitalism&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-319-12760-6&rft.aulast=Leone&rft.aufirst=Mark+P.&rft.au=Knauf%2C+Jocelyn+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzJy4CQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolger" class="citation web cs1">Folger, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-greenland-vikings-vanished-180962119/">"Why Did Greenland's Vikings Vanish?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317033211/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-greenland-vikings-vanished-180962119/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Did+Greenland%27s+Vikings+Vanish%3F&rft.aulast=Folger&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fwhy-greenland-vikings-vanished-180962119%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TriggerWashburn1996-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TriggerWashburn1996_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTriggerWashburnAdams1996" class="citation book cs1">Trigger, Bruce G.; Washburn, Wilcomb E.; Adams, Richard E. W. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CBLPX2ARjdgC&pg=PA331"><i>The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 331. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-57393-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-57393-9"><bdi>0-521-57393-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Native+Peoples+of+the+Americas&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-521-57393-9&rft.aulast=Trigger&rft.aufirst=Bruce+G.&rft.au=Washburn%2C+Wilcomb+E.&rft.au=Adams%2C+Richard+E.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCBLPX2ARjdgC%26pg%3DPA331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefansson1938" class="citation book cs1">Stefansson, Vilhjalmur (1938). <i>Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic</i>. The Macmillan Company. pp. 1–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781878100955" title="Special:BookSources/9781878100955"><bdi>9781878100955</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unsolved+Mysteries+of+the+Arctic&rft.pages=1-36&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1938&rft.isbn=9781878100955&rft.aulast=Stefansson&rft.aufirst=Vilhjalmur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.2749691">"Inuit were not the first people to settle in the Arctic"</a>, CBC News (Canada), 28 August 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nebenzahl, Kenneth. <i>Rand McNally Atlas of Columbus and The Great Discoveries</i> (Rand McNally & Company; Genoa, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>; 1990); <i>The Cantino Planisphere, Lisbon, 1502</i>, pp. 34–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/pcij/serie_AB/AB_53/01_Groenland_Oriental_Arret.pdf"><i>Legal Status of Eastern Greenland</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511135249/http://www.icj-cij.org/pcij/serie_AB/AB_53/01_Groenland_Oriental_Arret.pdf">Archived</a> 11 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, PCIJ Series A/B No. 53 (1933)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerica_First_Committee1990" class="citation book cs1">America First Committee (1990) [8 July 1941]. Doenecke, Justus D. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bhnf0fxI260C"><i>In Danger Undaunted: The Anti-Interventionist Movement of 1940–1941</i></a>. Hoover Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8179-8841-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8179-8841-6"><bdi>0-8179-8841-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630095753/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bhnf0fxI260C">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+J.+Walker+on+Acquiring+Greenland+and+Iceland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frse.hi.is%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F11%2FDyer.WalkerPurchaseofIceland-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221020734/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,778870,00.html">"Deepfreeze Defense"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 27 January 1947. 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Retrieved on 21 June 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelsoe_Sorensen2019" class="citation news cs1">Selsoe Sorensen, Martin (16 August 2019). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/16/world/europe/trump-greenland">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Greenland Is Not for Sale': Trump's Talk of a Purchase Draws Derision"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/16/world/europe/trump-greenland">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Scandinavian Journal of History Volume 33, 2008 – Issue 1: 75–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03468750701449554">10.1080/03468750701449554</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142526881">142526881</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324002002/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03468750701449554">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=A+Radioactive+Cold+War+Military+Base+Will+Soon+Emerge+From+Greenland%27s+Melting+Ice&rft.date=2016-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fscience-nature%2Fradioactive-cold-war-military-base-will-soon-emerge-greenlands-melting-ice-180960036%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h-bomb-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h-bomb_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h-bomb_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/01/21/cataclysmic-cargo-the-hunt-for-four-missing-nuclear-bombs-after-a-b-52-crash/?noredirect=on">"Cataclysmic cargo: The hunt for four missing nuclear bombs after a B-52 crash"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. 21 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607060100/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/01/21/cataclysmic-cargo-the-hunt-for-four-missing-nuclear-bombs-after-a-b-52-crash/?noredirect=on">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Cataclysmic+cargo%3A+The+hunt+for+four+missing+nuclear+bombs+after+a+B-52+crash&rft.date=2018-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fretropolis%2Fwp%2F2018%2F01%2F21%2Fcataclysmic-cargo-the-hunt-for-four-missing-nuclear-bombs-after-a-b-52-crash%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoukacheva2007" class="citation book cs1">Loukacheva, Natalia (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HzPzwrUYdgkC&pg=PA29"><i>The Arctic Promise: Legal and Political Autonomy of Greenland and Nunavut</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=Greenland+enters+melt+mode&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Fview%2Fgeneric%2Fid%2F342767%2Ftitle%2FGreenland_enters_melt_mode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phys-Greenland-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phys-Greenland_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2020-08-greenland-lost-billion-tons-ice.html">"Record melt: Greenland lost 586 billion tons of ice in 2019"</a>. <i>phys.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913083740/https://phys.org/news/2020-08-greenland-lost-billion-tons-ice.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=Record+melt%3A+Greenland+lost+586+billion+tons+of+ice+in+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2020-08-greenland-lost-billion-tons-ice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeltEvents-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeltEvents_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2021" class="citation web cs1">Barnes, Adam (9 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/climate-change/566950-massive-melting-event-torpedoes-billions-of">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Massive melting event' torpedoes billions of tons of ice the whole world depends on"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825031801/https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/climate-change/566950-massive-melting-event-torpedoes-billions-of">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>Ice cores show that these widespread melt events were really rare prior to the 21st century, but since then, we have had several melt seasons.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=%27Massive+melting+event%27+torpedoes+billions+of+tons+of+ice+the+whole+world+depends+on&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fchanging-america%2Fsustainability%2Fclimate-change%2F566950-massive-melting-event-torpedoes-billions-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-waPoRain-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-waPoRain_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2021" class="citation news cs1">Patel, Kasha (19 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/08/19/greenland-melt-august-summit-rain/">"Rain falls at the summit of Greenland Ice Sheet for first time on record"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819221317/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/08/19/greenland-melt-august-summit-rain/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>Rain fell on and off for 13 hours at the station, but staff are not certain exactly how much rain fell...there are no rain gauges at the summit because no one expected it to rain at this altitude.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Rain+falls+at+the+summit+of+Greenland+Ice+Sheet+for+first+time+on+record&rft.date=2021-08-19&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Kasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fweather%2F2021%2F08%2F19%2Fgreenland-melt-august-summit-rain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shepherd2020-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd2020_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherdIvinsRignotSmith2020" class="citation journal cs1">Shepherd, Andrew; Ivins, Erik; Rignot, Eric; Smith, Ben; van den Broeke, Michiel; <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Velicogna" title="Isabella Velicogna">Velicogna, Isabella</a>; Whitehouse, Pippa; Briggs, Kate; Joughin, Ian; Krinner, Gerhard; Nowicki, Sophie (12 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/242139">"Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>579</b> (7798): 233–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1855-2">10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2268%2F242139">2268/242139</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31822019">31822019</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219146922">219146922</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023151210/https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/242139">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=naalakkersuisut.gl&rft.atitle=Economy+and+Industry+in+Greenland+-+Naalakkersuisut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaalakkersuisut.gl%2Fen%2FAbout-government-of-greenland%2FAbout-Greenland%2FEconomy-and-Industry-in-Greenland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurinckFalk1996" class="citation journal cs1">Durinck, Jan; Falk, Knud (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3402%2Fpolar.v15i1.6634">"The distribution and abundance of seabirds off southwestern Greenland in autumn and winter 1988-1989"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polar_Research" title="Polar Research">Polar Research</a></i>. <b>15</b> (1): 23–42. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PolRe..15...23D">1996PolRe..15...23D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3402%2Fpolar.v15i1.6634">10.3402/polar.v15i1.6634</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polar+Research&rft.atitle=The+distribution+and+abundance+of+seabirds+off+southwestern+Greenland+in+autumn+and+winter+1988-1989&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-42&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3402%2Fpolar.v15i1.6634&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996PolRe..15...23D&rft.aulast=Durinck&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Falk%2C+Knud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3402%252Fpolar.v15i1.6634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehlum1989" class="citation journal cs1">Mehlum, Fridtjof (April 1989). "Summer distribution of seabirds in northern Greenland and Barents Seas". <i>Skrifter</i>. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Polar_Institute" title="Norwegian Polar Institute">Norsk Polarinstitutt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-90307-53-5" title="Special:BookSources/82-90307-53-5"><bdi>82-90307-53-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skrifter&rft.atitle=Summer+distribution+of+seabirds+in+northern+Greenland+and+Barents+Seas&rft.date=1989-04&rft.isbn=82-90307-53-5&rft.aulast=Mehlum&rft.aufirst=Fridtjof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peakvisor.com/adm/greenland-2184073.html#ecology">"Greenland"</a>. PeakVisor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012113809/https://peakvisor.com/adm/greenland-2184073.html#ecology">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greenland&rft.pub=PeakVisor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeakvisor.com%2Fadm%2Fgreenland-2184073.html%23ecology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/items/e2bbfd7c-6668-4b3e-aa1a-a7fc65497bfd">Seabird Harvest in the Arctic - Prepared by the Circumpolar Seabird Group (CBird)</a> (Report). Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna. September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929122742/https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/items/e2bbfd7c-6668-4b3e-aa1a-a7fc65497bfd">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Seabird+Harvest+in+the+Arctic+-+Prepared+by+the+Circumpolar+Seabird+Group+%28CBird%29&rft.pub=Conservation+of+Arctic+Flora+and+Fauna&rft.date=2008-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foaarchive.arctic-council.org%2Fitems%2Fe2bbfd7c-6668-4b3e-aa1a-a7fc65497bfd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817182125/http://ina.gl/organisation/sammensaetning-af-inatsisartut/">"Inatsisartut"</a> (in Kalaallisut). Inatsisartut.gl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ina.gl/organisation/sammensaetning-af-inatsisartut/">the original</a> on 17 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inatsisartut&rft.pub=Inatsisartut.gl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fina.gl%2Forganisation%2Fsammensaetning-af-inatsisartut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The executive power is vested in the King." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 3.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The body of Ministers shall form the Council of State, in which the Successor to the Throne shall have a seat when he is of age. The Council of State shall be presided over by the King..." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 17.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today">The Monarchy today</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082552/http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today">Archived</a> 15 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i>The Danish Monarchy</i> (kongehuset.dk). Access date: 16 June 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The King shall not be answerable for his actions; his person shall be sacrosanct." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 13.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euprofile-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euprofile_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eeas.europa.eu/greenland/index_en.htm">"EU Relations with Greenland"</a>. European Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609050531/http://eeas.europa.eu/greenland/index_en.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+Relations+with+Greenland&rft.pub=European+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeas.europa.eu%2Fgreenland%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/development/overseas_countries_territories/index_en.htm">"Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT)"</a>. European Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813192112/http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/development/overseas_countries_territories/index_en.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overseas+Countries+and+Territories+%28OCT%29&rft.pub=European+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Flegislation_summaries%2Fdevelopment%2Foverseas_countries_territories%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ft.dk/">Folketinget – Folketinget.dk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150628025221/http://www.ft.dk/">Archived</a> 28 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ft.dk. Retrieved on 21 June 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knr.gl/da/nyheder/m%C3%BAte-egede-er-ny-formand-naalakkersuisut">"Múte Egede er ny formand for Naalakkersuisut"</a>. <i>KNR</i> (in Danish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220425182002/https://knr.gl/da/nyheder/m%C3%BAte-egede-er-ny-formand-naalakkersuisut">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KNR&rft.atitle=M%C3%BAte+Egede+er+ny+formand+for+Naalakkersuisut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknr.gl%2Fda%2Fnyheder%2Fm%25C3%25BAte-egede-er-ny-formand-naalakkersuisut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/serve-at-thule-air-base-in-greenland-2019-8">"Trump reportedly wants to 'buy' Greenland. This is what it's like at the US's Arctic base there"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. 16 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819203046/https://www.businessinsider.com/serve-at-thule-air-base-in-greenland-2019-8">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+reportedly+wants+to+%27buy%27+Greenland.+This+is+what+it%27s+like+at+the+US%27s+Arctic+base+there&rft.date=2019-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fserve-at-thule-air-base-in-greenland-2019-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen1957" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._C._Hansen" title="H. C. Hansen">Hansen, H. C.</a> (16 November 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071106145717/http://www.nautilus.org/archives/library/security/foia/DKhansen57.html">"Danish Prime Minister Gives Tacit Go-Ahead For U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Greenland"</a>. The Nautilus Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nautilus.org/archives/library/security/foia/DKhansen57.html">the original</a> on 6 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Danish+Prime+Minister+Gives+Tacit+Go-Ahead+For+U.S.+Nuclear+Weapons+in+Greenland&rft.pub=The+Nautilus+Institute&rft.date=1957-11-16&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=H.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nautilus.org%2Farchives%2Flibrary%2Fsecurity%2Ffoia%2FDKhansen57.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_asia/article/d3wdb7/cold-war-era-nuclear-base-camp-century-melting-climate-change-greenland">"A Top-Secret US Military Base Will Melt Out of the Greenland Ice Sheet"</a>. <i>VICE Magazine</i>. 9 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190820161848/https://www.vice.com/en_asia/article/d3wdb7/cold-war-era-nuclear-base-camp-century-melting-climate-change-greenland">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VICE+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Top-Secret+US+Military+Base+Will+Melt+Out+of+the+Greenland+Ice+Sheet&rft.date=2019-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_asia%2Farticle%2Fd3wdb7%2Fcold-war-era-nuclear-base-camp-century-melting-climate-change-greenland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/a-nuclear-needle-in-a-haystack-the-cold-war-s-missing-atom-bombs-a-590513.html">"The Cold War's Missing Atom Bombs"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 14 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627105727/https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/a-nuclear-needle-in-a-haystack-the-cold-war-s-missing-atom-bombs-a-590513.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=The+Cold+War%27s+Missing+Atom+Bombs&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Fa-nuclear-needle-in-a-haystack-the-cold-war-s-missing-atom-bombs-a-590513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-b-52-nuclear-bomber-crash-in-greenland-51-years-ago-has-ill-danes-seeking-compensation">"US B-52 nuclear bomber crash in Greenland 51 years ago has ill Danes seeking compensation"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. 3 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608024754/https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-b-52-nuclear-bomber-crash-in-greenland-51-years-ago-has-ill-danes-seeking-compensation">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023165716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7720049.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=US+left+nuclear+weapon+under+ice+in+Greenland&rft.date=2008-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fgreenland%2F3439318%2FUS-left-nuclear-weapon-under-ice-in-Greenland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2017" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Maurice (28 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/28/greenland-narsaq-uranium-mine-dividing-town">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'You can't live in a museum': the battle for Greenland's uranium"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129005150/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/28/greenland-narsaq-uranium-mine-dividing-town">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27You+can%27t+live+in+a+museum%27%3A+the+battle+for+Greenland%27s+uranium&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2017%2Fjan%2F28%2Fgreenland-narsaq-uranium-mine-dividing-town&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-factbook-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia-factbook_160-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia-factbook_160-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/">"Greenland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109162939/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Greenland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgreenland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCOHEN2021" class="citation news cs1">COHEN, LI (16 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/greenland-ends-oil-exploration-to-combat-climate-change-and-focus-on-sustainable-development/">"Greenland halts new oil exploration to combat climate change and focus on sustainable development"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Greenland+halts+new+oil+exploration+to+combat+climate+change+and+focus+on+sustainable+development&rft.date=2021-07-16&rft.aulast=COHEN&rft.aufirst=LI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgreenland-ends-oil-exploration-to-combat-climate-change-and-focus-on-sustainable-development%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordiclabourjournal.org/i-fokus/in-focus-2011/boom-for-nordic-mining-industry/article.2011-10-12.8124853746">"Greenland's red hot labour market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Labour_Journal" title="Nordic Labour Journal">Nordic Labour Journal</a></i>. 12 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130201145836/http://www.nordiclabourjournal.org/i-fokus/in-focus-2011/boom-for-nordic-mining-industry/article.2011-10-12.8124853746">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nationaljeweler.com&rft.atitle=Greenland+Rubies%3A+What+We+Know+At+This+Point+%7C+National+Jeweler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaljeweler.com%2Fblog%2F5818-greenland-rubies-what-we-know-at-this-point&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iExplore-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iExplore_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iexplore.com/articles/travel-guides/north-america/greenland/transportation">"Greenland – Transportation"</a>. <i>www.iexplore.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010134859/https://www.iexplore.com/articles/travel-guides/north-america/greenland/transportation">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iexplore.com&rft.atitle=Greenland+%E2%80%93+Transportation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iexplore.com%2Farticles%2Ftravel-guides%2Fnorth-america%2Fgreenland%2Ftransportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qeqqata.gl/nyheder/2023/05/atv-aqqut?sc_lang=da">"ATV-sporet mellem Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq bliver færdig næste år"</a> (in Danish). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATV-sporet+mellem+Sisimiut+og+Kangerlussuaq+bliver+f%C3%A6rdig+n%C3%A6ste+%C3%A5r&rft.pub=Qeqqata+Kommunia&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qeqqata.gl%2Fnyheder%2F2023%2F05%2Fatv-aqqut%3Fsc_lang%3Dda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sermitsiaq.ag/node/232296">"ATV-sporet mellem Kangerlussuaq og Sisimiut er færdig"</a> (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 25 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230622065641/https://sermitsiaq.ag/node/232296">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATV-sporet+mellem+Kangerlussuaq+og+Sisimiut+er+f%C3%A6rdig&rft.pub=Sermitsiaq&rft.date=2011-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsermitsiaq.ag%2Fnode%2F232296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verkis.is/frettir/honnun-vegar-a-milli-sisimiut-og-kangerlussuaq-verkfraedilegar-askoranir-i-obyggdum-graenlands/">"Hönnun vegar á milli Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq – verkfræðilegar áskoranir í óbyggðum Grænlands"</a> (in Icelandic). Verkís. 3 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230100932/https://www.verkis.is/frettir/honnun-vegar-a-milli-sisimiut-og-kangerlussuaq-verkfraedilegar-askoranir-i-obyggdum-graenlands/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%B6nnun+vegar+%C3%A1+milli+Sisimiut+og+Kangerlussuaq+%E2%80%93+verkfr%C3%A6%C3%B0ilegar+%C3%A1skoranir+%C3%AD+%C3%B3bygg%C3%B0um+Gr%C3%A6nlands&rft.pub=Verk%C3%ADs&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verkis.is%2Ffrettir%2Fhonnun-vegar-a-milli-sisimiut-og-kangerlussuaq-verkfraedilegar-askoranir-i-obyggdum-graenlands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sermitsiaq.ag/node/243327">"Forslag: Naalakkersuisut bør punge ud til grusvej til omkring 500 mio. kr"</a> (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 27 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230100930/https://sermitsiaq.ag/node/243327">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forslag%3A+Naalakkersuisut+b%C3%B8r+punge+ud+til+grusvej+til+omkring+500+mio.+kr.&rft.pub=Sermitsiaq&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsermitsiaq.ag%2Fnode%2F243327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mit.gl/en/todays-flights/airports/kangerlussuaq-airport/">"Mittarfeqarfiit, Grønlands Lufthavne, Greenland Airports Today's Flights Airports Kangerlussuaq airport – mit.gl"</a>. <i>www.mit.gl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922000640/http://www.mit.gl/en/todays-flights/airports/kangerlussuaq-airport/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mit.gl&rft.atitle=Mittarfeqarfiit%2C+Gr%C3%B8nlands+Lufthavne%2C+Greenland+Airports+Today%27s+Flights+Airports+Kangerlussuaq+airport+%E2%80%93+mit.gl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mit.gl%2Fen%2Ftodays-flights%2Fairports%2Fkangerlussuaq-airport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921081552/https://www.tripsta.co.uk/">"tripsta"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tripsta.co.uk">the original</a> on 21 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=tripsta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripsta.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airgreenland.com/destinations/greenland/nuuk">"City, high-rise apartments, cosy atmosphere, culture, rock, gourmet restaurants, cafés, fashion outlets, art, the national museum and the university – all the ingredients of a capital - Nuuk - airgreenland.com"</a>. <i>www.airgreenland.gl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921081545/https://www.airgreenland.com/destinations/greenland/nuuk">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.airgreenland.gl&rft.atitle=City%2C+high-rise+apartments%2C+cosy+atmosphere%2C+culture%2C+rock%2C+gourmet+restaurants%2C+caf%C3%A9s%2C+fashion+outlets%2C+art%2C+the+national+museum+and+the+university+%E2%80%93+all+the+ingredients+of+a+capital+-+Nuuk+-+airgreenland.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airgreenland.com%2Fdestinations%2Fgreenland%2Fnuuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mit.gl/en/todays-flights/airports/nuuk-airport/">"Nuuk Airport"</a>. <i>www.mit.gl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190903225808/http://www.mit.gl/en/todays-flights/airports/nuuk-airport/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mit.gl&rft.atitle=Nuuk+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mit.gl%2Fen%2Ftodays-flights%2Fairports%2Fnuuk-airport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mit.gl/en/todays-flights/airports/ilulissat-airport/">"Ilulissat Airport"</a>. <i>www.mit.gl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917071800/http://www.mit.gl/en/todays-flights/airports/ilulissat-airport/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mit.gl&rft.atitle=Ilulissat+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mit.gl%2Fen%2Ftodays-flights%2Fairports%2Filulissat-airport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrin2015" class="citation web cs1">Perrin, Wendy (21 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wendyperrin.com/greenland-day-trip-from-iceland-is-it-worth-it/">"Greenland Day Trip from Iceland: Is it Worth It?"</a>. <i>Wendy Perrin</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226025555/http://www.wendyperrin.com/greenland-day-trip-from-iceland-is-it-worth-it/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wendy+Perrin&rft.atitle=Greenland+Day+Trip+from+Iceland%3A+Is+it+Worth+It%3F&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft.aulast=Perrin&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wendyperrin.com%2Fgreenland-day-trip-from-iceland-is-it-worth-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006075245/http://www.greenland.com/content/english/tourist/news/news_archive/historical_maiden_flight_us-greenland">"Historical Maiden Flight US-Greenland – Official national guide by Greenland Tourism and Business Council"</a>. Greenland.com. 24 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenland.com/content/english/tourist/news/news_archive/historical_maiden_flight_us-greenland">the original</a> on 6 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Maiden+Flight+US-Greenland+%E2%80%93+Official+national+guide+by+Greenland+Tourism+and+Business+Council&rft.pub=Greenland.com&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenland.com%2Fcontent%2Fenglish%2Ftourist%2Fnews%2Fnews_archive%2Fhistorical_maiden_flight_us-greenland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/air-greenland-teams-with-first-air-for-iqaluit-flights-1.1290948">"Air Greenland teams with First Air for Iqaluit flights"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. 7 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610195403/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/story/2012/06/07/north-greenland-first-air.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Air+Greenland+teams+with+First+Air+for+Iqaluit+flights&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnorth%2Fair-greenland-teams-with-first-air-for-iqaluit-flights-1.1290948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518074701/http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhed/?newsid=666">"The Baltimore route is to close"</a>. <i>Air Greenland</i>. 12 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhed/?newsid=666">the original</a> on 18 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Air+Greenland&rft.atitle=The+Baltimore+route+is+to+close&rft.date=2010-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airgreenland.com%2Fnyhed%2F%3Fnewsid%3D666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fodors.com/news/4-ways-to-get-to-greenland-7070">"4 Ways to Get to Greenland"</a>. <i>Fodor's</i>. 26 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226021456/https://www.fodors.com/news/4-ways-to-get-to-greenland-7070">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fodor%27s&rft.atitle=4+Ways+to+Get+to+Greenland&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fodors.com%2Fnews%2F4-ways-to-get-to-greenland-7070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodman2017" class="citation book cs1">Woodman, Georg (18 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UK48DwAAQBAJ&q=Sea%2Bpassenger%2Btransport%2Bis%2Bserved%2Bby%2Bseveral%2Bcoastal%2Bferries.%2BArctic%2BUmiaq%2BLine%2Bmakes%2Ba%2Bsingle%2Bround%2Btrip%2Bper%2Bweek,%2Btaking%2B80%2Bhours%2Beach%2Bdirection&pg=PA394"><i>2033-The Century After: How the World Would Look/Be If Nazi Germany & Empire Japan Had Won World War II</i></a>. Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68181-946-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68181-946-4"><bdi>978-1-68181-946-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174342/https://books.google.com/books?id=UK48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA394&q=Sea%2Bpassenger%2Btransport%2Bis%2Bserved%2Bby%2Bseveral%2Bcoastal%2Bferries.%2BArctic%2BUmiaq%2BLine%2Bmakes%2Ba%2Bsingle%2Bround%2Btrip%2Bper%2Bweek,%2Btaking%2B80%2Bhours%2Beach%2Bdirection">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2033-The+Century+After%3A+How+the+World+Would+Look%2FBe+If+Nazi+Germany+%26+Empire+Japan+Had+Won+World+War+II&rft.pub=Strategic+Book+Publishing+%26+Rights+Agency&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft.isbn=978-1-68181-946-4&rft.aulast=Woodman&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUK48DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DSea%252Bpassenger%252Btransport%252Bis%252Bserved%252Bby%252Bseveral%252Bcoastal%252Bferries.%252BArctic%252BUmiaq%252BLine%252Bmakes%252Ba%252Bsingle%252Bround%252Btrip%252Bper%252Bweek%2C%252Btaking%252B80%252Bhours%252Beach%252Bdirection%26pg%3DPA394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2021/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202021.pdf">"Greenland in Figures 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Greenland in Figures 2021</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212409/https://stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2021/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202021.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenland+in+Figures+2021&rft.atitle=Greenland+in+Figures+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.gl%2Fpubl%2Fen%2FGF%2F2021%2Fpdf%2FGreenland%2520in%2520Figures%25202021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stalvik.com/Engelska/laegreenland.htm">"Greenland"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Greenland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2FGreenland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7752660.stm">"Danish doubts over Greenland vote"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121207121546/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7752660.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table%3A+Christian+Population+as+Percentages+of+Total+Population+by+Country+%26%23124%3B+Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2011%2F12%2F19%2Ftable-christian-population-as-percentages-of-total-population-by-country%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gpCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169"><i>Taboo, Personal and Collective Representations: Origin and Positioning Within Cultural Complexes</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-03988-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-03988-8"><bdi>978-1-351-03988-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174357/https://books.google.com/books?id=gpCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Kristeligt-dagblad.dk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511084103/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/225350:Kirke---tro--Groenlandsk-bibel-praesenteret">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gr%C3%B8nlandsk+bibel+pr%C3%A6senteret+%26%23124%3B+Kristeligt+Dagblad&rft.pub=Kristeligt-dagblad.dk&rft.date=2000-11-29&rft.aulast=S%C3%B8rensen&rft.aufirst=Leif+Kiil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kristeligt-dagblad.dk%2Fartikel%2F225350%3AKirke---tro--Groenlandsk-bibel-praesenteret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325215706/http://www.oikoumene.org/news/news-management/eng/a/article/1634/bells-ring-a-wake-up-call.html">"Bells ring a wake-up call for climate justice."</a> <i>World Council of Churches</i>. 14 December 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425231654/https://www.groenlandsstift.dk/fileadmin/filer/Biskoppen/Groenland_GRUNDLOVEN_og_GEJSTLIGHEDEN_1005_2009_laast_til_ado.pdf">"Grønland, Grundloven og Gejstligheden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groenlandsstift.dk/fileadmin/filer/Biskoppen/Groenland_GRUNDLOVEN_og_GEJSTLIGHEDEN_1005_2009_laast_til_ado.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gr%C3%B8nland%2C+Grundloven+og+Gejstligheden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groenlandsstift.dk%2Ffileadmin%2Ffiler%2FBiskoppen%2FGroenland_GRUNDLOVEN_og_GEJSTLIGHEDEN_1005_2009_laast_til_ado.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.am/library/sahmanadrutyunner/dania.pdf">"Constitution of Denmark – Section IV"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160301205429/http://www.parliament.am/library/sahmanadrutyunner/dania.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2016</span>. <q>The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Denmark+%E2%80%93+Section+IV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.am%2Flibrary%2Fsahmanadrutyunner%2Fdania.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jazbablog-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jazbablog_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801063031/http://jazbablog.com/2011/08/08/the-only-muslim-in-greenland-who-fasts-for-21-hours/">"The only Muslim in Greenland who fasts for 21 hours"</a>. <i>The Jazba Blog</i>. 8 August 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knr.gl&rft.atitle=Kalaallit+Nunaata+Radioa+%7C+KNR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknr.gl%2Fda%2Fom-knr%2Fkalaallit-nunaata-radioa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nanoqmedia.gl/?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6&lang=ka_gl">"Nanoq Media"</a>. <i>nanoqmedia.gl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419151126/https://nanoqmedia.gl/?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6&lang=ka_gl">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nanoqmedia.gl&rft.atitle=Nanoq+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnanoqmedia.gl%2F%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D5%26Itemid%3D6%26lang%3Dka_gl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museon.nl/en/globeitem/the-making-of-a-tupilak-and-its-consequenses">"The making of a tupilak and its consequences"</a>. <i>Museon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105170919/https://www.museon.nl/en/globeitem/the-making-of-a-tupilak-and-its-consequenses">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museon&rft.atitle=The+making+of+a+tupilak+and+its+consequences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museon.nl%2Fen%2Fglobeitem%2Fthe-making-of-a-tupilak-and-its-consequenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hessel" class="citation book cs1">Hessel, Ingo (2006). <i>Arctic Spirit</i>. Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-189-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-189-5"><bdi>978-1-55365-189-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arctic+Spirit&rft.place=Vancouver%2C+BC&rft.pub=Douglas+and+McIntyre&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55365-189-5&rft.aulast=Hessel&rft.aufirst=Ingo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Oldendow, Knud.(1958). "Printing in Greenland". <i>Libri: International Journal of Libraries & Information Services</i> 8 (3/4): 223–62.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Stern" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Pamela (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000ster"><i>Historical Dictionary of the Inuit</i></a></span>. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-5058-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-5058-3"><bdi>0-8108-5058-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54768167">54768167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Inuit&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54768167&rft.isbn=0-8108-5058-3&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Wilcox" class="citation book cs1">Wilcox, Jonathan; Latif, Zawiah Abdul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58ZHaTMk0j4C"><i>Cultures of the World: Iceland</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-2074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-2074-3"><bdi>978-0-7614-2074-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240610113222/https://books.google.com/books?id=58ZHaTMk0j4C">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultures+of+the+World%3A+Iceland&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-2074-3&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Latif%2C+Zawiah+Abdul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58ZHaTMk0j4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bardarson, I. (ed. Jónsson, F.) "Det gamle Grønlands beskrivelse af Ívar Bárðarson (Ivar Bårdssön)", (Copenhagen, 1930) <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wheeler_Conkling" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Wheeler Conkling">Conkling, P. W.</a> <i>et al.</i> 2011. The Fate of Greenland: Lessons from Abrupt Climate Change, co-authored with Richard Alley, Wallace Broecker and George Denton, with photographs by Gary Comer, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLund1959" class="citation journal cs1">Lund, S (1959). "The Marine Algae of East Greenland. 1. Taxonomical Part". <i>Meddr Gronland</i>. <b>156</b> (1): 1–245.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meddr+Gronland&rft.atitle=The+Marine+Algae+of+East+Greenland.+1.+Taxonomical+Part&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-245&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLund1959" class="citation journal cs1">Lund, S (1959). "The Marine Algae of East Greenland. 11. Geographic Distribution". <i>Meddr Gronland</i>. <b>156</b>: 1–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meddr+Gronland&rft.atitle=The+Marine+Algae+of+East+Greenland.+11.+Geographic+Distribution&rft.volume=156&rft.pages=1-70&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Steffen" title="Konrad Steffen">Steffen, Konrad</a>, N. Cullen, and R. Huff (2005). "Climate variability and trends along the western slope of the Greenland Ice Sheet during 1991–2004", <i>Proceedings of the 85th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting</i> (San Diego).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSowa2013" class="citation journal cs1">Sowa, F (2013). "Indigenous Peoples and the Institutionalization of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Greenland". <i>Arctic Anthropology</i>. <b>50</b> (1): 72–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3368%2Faa.50.1.72">10.3368/aa.50.1.72</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143294645">143294645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Indigenous+Peoples+and+the+Institutionalization+of+the+Convention+on+Biological+Diversity+in+Greenland.&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=72-88&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3368%2Faa.50.1.72&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143294645%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sowa&rft.aufirst=F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sowa, F. 2013. <i>Relations of Power & Domination in a World Polity: The Politics of Indigeneity & National Identity in Greenland.</i> In: Heininen, L. <i>Arctic Yearbook 2013. The Arctic of regions vs. the globalized Arctic.</i> Akureyri: Northern Research Forum, pp. 184–198.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcticyearbook.com/ay2013">www.arcticyearbook.com/ay2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219043852/http://www.arcticyearbook.com/ay2013">Archived</a> 19 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Sowa, F. 2014. <i>Greenland.</i> in: Hund, A. <i>Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth's Polar Regions.</i> Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, pp. 312–316.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1880" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1842)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1842)">Brown, Robert</a> (1880). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Greenland"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Greenland">"Greenland" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XI (9th ed.). pp. 166–171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greenland&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=166-171&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNansen1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen, Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Greenland"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Greenland">"Greenland" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 542–548.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greenland&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=542-548&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Nansen&rft.aufirst=Fridtjof+Wedel-Jarlsberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://denmark.dk/en/society/greenland-the-faroes-and-the-german-minority/greenland">Greenland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906153025/http://denmark.dk/en/society/greenland-the-faroes-and-the-german-minority/greenland">Archived</a> 6 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> entry at <i>Denmark.dk</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naalakkersuisut.gl/">The Government of Greenland Offices official website</a> (only in Danish or Kalaallisut) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302180245/http://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut">Archived</a> 2 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenland.com/">Visit Greenland</a> – the official <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Greenland" title="Tourism in Greenland">Greenlandic Tourist Board</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inuit.org/">Inuit Circumpolar Council Greenland</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Greenland&params=72_00_N_40_00_W_scale:20000000_region:GL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">72°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">40°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">72.000°N 40.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">72.000; -40.000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greenland_topics" title="Template:Greenland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greenland_topics" title="Template talk:Greenland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greenland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greenland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greenland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Greenland-related_articles" title="Index of Greenland-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Greenland is <a href="/wiki/The_unity_of_the_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="The unity of the Realm">an autonomous constituent country</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greenland" title="History of Greenland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Greenland" title="Timeline of Greenland">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Eskimo" title="Paleo-Eskimo">Paleo-Eskimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_settlements_in_Greenland" title="Norse settlements in Greenland">Norse Colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Settlement" title="Eastern Settlement">Eastern Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Settlement" title="Western Settlement">Western Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Norse" title="Greenlandic Norse">Language</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skr%C3%A6ling" title="Skræling">Skræling</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Treaty of Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red%27s_Land" title="Erik the Red's Land">Erik the Red's Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen_Land" title="Fridtjof Nansen Land">Fridtjof Nansen Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash" title="1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash">Thule accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Greenland" title="County of Greenland">County of Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_home_rule_referendum,_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic home rule referendum, 1979">Home rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_self-government_referendum,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic self-government referendum, 2008">Autonomy <span style="font-size:85%;">(self-rule)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartographic_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Cartographic expeditions to Greenland">Cartographic expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland"><img alt="Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="574" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Arctic#Greenland" title="Climate of the Arctic">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming_in_the_Arctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming in the Arctic">change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fjords_of_Greenland" title="Category:Fjords of Greenland">Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Greenland" title="Geology of Greenland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Greenland" title="List of glaciers in Greenland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_ice_sheet" title="Greenland ice sheet">Ice sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greenland" title="List of islands of Greenland">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greenland_by_area" title="List of islands of Greenland by area">by area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_Greenland" title="List of mountain peaks of Greenland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Greenland_National_Park" title="Northeast Greenland National Park">National park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Greenland" title="List of rivers of Greenland">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Straits_of_Greenland" title="Category:Straits of Greenland">Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Greenland" title="List of cities and towns in Greenland">Towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Greenland" title="Flora and fauna of Greenland">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greenland" title="Politics of Greenland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Administrative divisions of Greenland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greenland" title="Elections in Greenland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greenland" title="Foreign relations of Greenland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_High_Commissioners_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Danish High Commissioners in Greenland">High Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Greenland" title="Law enforcement in Greenland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Greenland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Greenland" title="Military of Greenland">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Greenland" title="List of political parties in Greenland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greenlandic_rulers" title="List of Greenlandic rulers">Ruling monarchs</a></li> <li>Political leader <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Greenland" title="List of governors of Greenland">Governor (1728–1730, 1925–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inspectors_of_Greenland" title="List of inspectors of Greenland">Inspector (1782–1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Prime Minister (1979–current)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greenland" title="Economy of Greenland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Greenland">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Greenland" title="List of companies of Greenland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Greenland" title="Fishing industry in Greenland">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemstone_industry_in_Greenland" title="Gemstone industry in Greenland">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmarks_Nationalbank" title="Danmarks Nationalbank">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Greenland" title="Taxation in Greenland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greenland" title="Telecommunications in Greenland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Greenland" title="Tourism in Greenland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Greenland" title="Transport in Greenland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Greenland" title="Category:Society of Greenland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland" title="Demographics of Greenland">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inughuit" title="Inughuit">Inughuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit" title="Kalaallit">Kalaallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunumiit" title="Tunumiit">Tunumiit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_people_in_Greenland" title="Danish people in Greenland">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greenlanders" title="List of Greenlanders">Notable individuals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greenlandic_artists" title="List of Greenlandic artists">artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greenlandic_Inuit" title="List of Greenlandic Inuit">Inuit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Greenland" title="Suicide in Greenland">Suicide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greenland" title="Culture of Greenland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Greenland#Art_in_Greenland" title="Outline of Greenland">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer_hunting_in_Greenland" title="Reindeer hunting in Greenland">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jante" title="Law of Jante">Jante Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuit mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greenland" title="Music of Greenland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Greenland" title="Public holidays in Greenland">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greenland" title="Religion in Greenland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Greenland" title="Category:Sport in Greenland">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Greenland" title="Coat of arms of Greenland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greenland" title="Flag of Greenland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunarput_utoqqarsuanngoravit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit">National (civic) anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_Christian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast" title="Kong Christian stod ved højen mast">Royal anthem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Greenland" title="Outline of Greenland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Greenland-related_articles" title="Index of Greenland-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greenland" title="Category:Greenland">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland_(since_2018)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Greenland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Greenland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Greenland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland_(since_2018)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greenland" title="Administrative divisions of Greenland">Administrative divisions of Greenland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avannaata" title="Avannaata">Avannaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kujalleq" title="Kujalleq">Kujalleq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeqertalik" title="Qeqertalik">Qeqertalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeqqata" title="Qeqqata">Qeqqata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermersooq" title="Sermersooq">Sermersooq</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland"><img alt="Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/90px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/120px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unincorporated Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik Space Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Greenland_National_Park" title="Northeast Greenland National Park">Northeast Greenland National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nordic_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nordic_Council" title="Template:Nordic Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nordic_Council" title="Template talk:Nordic Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nordic_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nordic Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nordic_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Nordic Council"><img alt="Flag of the Nordic Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/23px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/35px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/46px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer / offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/20px-Sami_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/31px-Sami_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/41px-Sami_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nordic_identity_in_Estonia" title="Nordic identity in Estonia">identity</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nordic_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nordic_countries" title="Template:Nordic countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nordic_countries" title="Template talk:Nordic countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nordic_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nordic countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nordic_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries"><img alt="Map of the Nordic countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/120px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/180px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/240px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/23px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/35px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/46px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Special status</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cultural_area" title="Cultural area">cultural area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/20px-Sami_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/31px-Sami_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/41px-Sami_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Nordic_countries" title="Climate of the Nordic countries">Climate of the Nordic countries</a></li> <li>Comparison of the Nordic countries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Cross_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Cross flag">Nordic Cross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Nordic_countries" title="Subdivisions of the Nordic countries">Subdivisions of the Nordic countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_Nordic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the Nordic countries">LGBT in the Nordic countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Nordic_countries" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Nordic countries">Nordic diplomatic missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_identity_in_Estonia" title="Nordic identity in Estonia">Nordic identity in Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nordic_countries" title="Category:Nordic countries">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Dependencies_of_European_Union_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_dependencies" title="Template:EU dependencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_dependencies" title="Template talk:EU dependencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EU_dependencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EU dependencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Dependencies_of_European_Union_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> states</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png" class="mw-file-description" title="EU dependencies"><img alt="EU dependencies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/250px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/375px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/500px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Île Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Île Saint-Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_North_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Esparta" title="Nueva Esparta">Nueva Esparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/120px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/180px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/240px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">St. Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polar_exploration" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polar_exploration" title="Template:Polar exploration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polar_exploration" title="Template talk:Polar exploration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polar_exploration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polar exploration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polar_exploration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Polar_exploration" title="Polar exploration">Polar exploration</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">Arctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Ocean_*_History_*_Expeditions_*_Research_stations"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arctic_expeditions" title="List of Arctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_stations_in_the_Arctic" title="List of research stations in the Arctic">Research stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_North" title="Farthest North">Farthest North</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marmaduke" title="Thomas Marmaduke">Marmaduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Carolus" title="Joris Carolus">Carolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">North magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Israel_Hayes" title="Isaac Israel Hayes">Hayes</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polaris_expedition" title="Polaris expedition"><i>Polaris</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Polaris_(1871)" title="USS Polaris (1871)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">C. F. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bessels" title="Emil Bessels">Bessels</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Alert_(1856)" title="HMS Alert (1856)">HMS <i>Alert</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1874)" title="HMS Discovery (1874)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick_Stephenson" title="Henry Frederick Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hastings_Markham" title="Albert Hastings Markham">Markham</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lady_Franklin_Bay_Expedition" title="Lady Franklin Bay Expedition">Lady Franklin Bay Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Lockwood" title="James B. Lockwood">Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Brainard" title="David L. Brainard">Brainard</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Johansen" title="Hjalmar Johansen">Johansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Amedeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e%27s_Arctic_balloon_expedition" title="Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition">Andrée's balloon expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_August_Andr%C3%A9e" title="Salomon August Andrée">S. A. Andrée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">F. Cook</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/SS_Roosevelt_(1905)" title="SS Roosevelt (1905)">SS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henson" title="Matthew Henson">Henson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norge_(airship)" title="Norge (airship)"><i>Norge</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Nobile" title="Umberto Nobile">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen" title="Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen">Riiser-Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ellsworth" title="Lincoln Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italia_(airship)" title="Italia (airship)"><i>Italia</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_O-12_(SS-73)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS O-12 (SS-73)"><i><b>Nautilus</b></i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wilkins" title="Hubert Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Chkalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Baydukov" title="Georgy Baydukov">Baydukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasilyevich_Belyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov">Belyakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drifting_ice_station" title="Drifting ice station">Drifting ice stations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-1" title="North Pole-1">NP-1</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Papanin" title="Ivan Papanin">Papanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Shirshov" title="Pyotr Shirshov">Shirshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Fyodorov_(scientist)" title="Yevgeny Fyodorov (scientist)">E. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel" title="Ernst Krenkel">Krenkel</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-36" title="North Pole-36">NP-36</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-37" title="North Pole-37">NP-37</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgiy_Sedov_(1908_icebreaker)" title="Georgiy Sedov (1908 icebreaker)"><i>Georgiy Sedov</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Badygin" title="Konstantin Badygin">Badygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Skate_(SSN-578)" title="USS Skate (SSN-578)">USS <i>Skate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Plaisted" title="Ralph Plaisted">Plaisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Herbert" title="Wally Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_(1972_icebreaker)" title="Arktika (1972 icebreaker)">NS <i>Arktika</i></a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barneo" title="Barneo">Barneo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_2007" title="Arktika 2007">Arktika 2007</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i> submersibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Sagalevich" title="Anatoly Sagalevich">Sagalevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Chilingarov" title="Artur Chilingarov">Chilingarov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator" title="Brendan the Navigator">Brendan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Papar" title="Papar">Papar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Vikings</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddodd" title="Naddodd">Naddodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnbj%C3%B6rn_Ulfsson" title="Gunnbjörn Ulfsson">Gunnbjörn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6bj%C3%B6rn_galti" title="Snæbjörn galti">Snæbjörn galti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">Christian IV's expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(explorer)" title="James Hall (explorer)">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_(explorer)" title="John Cunningham (explorer)">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godske_Lindenov" title="Godske Lindenov">Lindenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Richardson" title="Carsten Richardson">C. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish colonization</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Egede</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby" title="William Scoresby">Scoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">G. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">M. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(explorer)" title="John Davis (explorer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(1602_ship)" title="Discovery (1602 ship)"><i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bylot" title="Robert Bylot">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baffin" title="William Baffin">Baffin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Munk" title="Jens Munk">Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(navigator)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)">I. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1774)" title="HMS Discovery (1774)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clerke" title="Charles Clerke">Clerke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Lyon" title="George Francis Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Fury_(1814)" title="HMS Fury (1814)">HMS <i>Fury</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkyns_Hoppner" title="Henry Parkyns Hoppner">Hoppner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coppermine_expedition" title="Coppermine expedition">Coppermine expedition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Back" title="George Back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Warren_Dease" title="Peter Warren Dease">Dease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_(explorer)" title="Thomas Simpson (explorer)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blossom_(1806)" title="HMS Blossom (1806)">HMS <i>Blossom</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Beechey</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Collinson" title="Richard Collinson">Collinson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rae%E2%80%93Richardson_Arctic_expedition" title="Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition">Rae–Richardson expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rae_(explorer)" title="John Rae (explorer)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">J. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Thomas_Austin" title="Horatio Thomas Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/McClure_Arctic_expedition" title="McClure Arctic expedition">McClure expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1848)" title="HMS Investigator (1848)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClure" title="Robert McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolute_(1850)" title="HMS Resolute (1850)">HMS <i>Resolute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kellett" title="Henry Kellett">Kellett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Belcher" title="Edward Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(explorer)" title="William Kennedy (explorer)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ren%C3%A9_Bellot" title="Joseph René Bellot">Bellot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_(1850_ship)" title="Isabel (1850 ship)"><i>Isabel</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield" title="Edward Augustus Inglefield">Inglefield</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Grinnell_expedition" title="Second Grinnell expedition">2nd Grinnell expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Advance_(1847)" title="USS Advance (1847)">USS <i>Advance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(ship)" title="Fox (ship)"><i>Fox</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_McClintock" title="Leopold McClintock">McClintock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">HMS <i>Pandora</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8a" title="Gjøa">Gjøa</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">Karluk</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhjalmur_Stefansson" title="Vilhjalmur Stefansson">Stefansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(explorer)" title="Robert Bartlett (explorer)">Bartlett</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Roch_(ship)" title="St. Roch (ship)"><i>St. Roch</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Larsen_(explorer)" title="Henry Larsen (explorer)">H. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott_Cowper" title="David Scott Cowper">Cowper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">North East Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Russian Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Willoughby" title="Hugh Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chancellor" title="Richard Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mangazeya" title="Mangazeya">Mangazeya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian Cossacks</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Perfilyev" title="Ilya Perfilyev">Perfilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Stadukhin" title="Mikhail Stadukhin">Stadukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Dezhnev" title="Semyon Dezhnev">Dezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedot_Alekseyevich_Popov" title="Fedot Alekseyevich Popov">Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbat_Ivanov" title="Kurbat Ivanov">Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkury_Vagin" title="Merkury Vagin">Vagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Permyakov" title="Yakov Permyakov">Permyakov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Bering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chirikov" title="Aleksei Chirikov">Chirikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Malygin" title="Stepan Malygin">Malygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ovtsyn" title="Dmitry Ovtsyn">Ovtsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Minin" title="Fyodor Minin">Minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronchishchev" title="Vasili Pronchishchev">V. Pronchishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pronchishcheva" title="Maria Pronchishcheva">M. Pronchishcheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Chelyuskin" title="Semyon Chelyuskin">Chelyuskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Kh. Laptev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">D. Laptev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chichagov" title="Vasily Chichagov">Chichagov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lyakhov" title="Ivan Lyakhov">Lyakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Billings" title="Joseph Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sannikov" title="Yakov Sannikov">Sannikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Gedenshtrom" title="Matvei Gedenshtrom">Gedenshtrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matyushkin" title="Fyodor Matyushkin">Matyushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Anjou" title="Pyotr Anjou">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Benjamin_von_L%C3%BCtke" title="Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke">Litke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lavrov" title="Mikhail Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pakhtusov" title="Pyotr Pakhtusov">Pakhtusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgust_Tsivolko" title="Avgust Tsivolko">Tsivolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">Middendorff</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" title="Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition">Austro-Hungarian Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht" title="Karl Weyprecht">Weyprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Payer</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vega_Expedition" title="Vega Expedition"><i>Vega</i> Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">A. E. Nordenskiöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Palander" title="Louis Palander">Palander</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">De Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">Melville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yermak_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Yermak (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Yermak</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Makarov" title="Stepan Makarov">Makarov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(polar_ship)" title="Zarya (polar ship)"><i>Zarya</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Toll" title="Eduard von Toll">Toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kolomeitsev" title="Nikolai Kolomeitsev">Kolomeitsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matisen" title="Fyodor Matisen">Matisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Kolchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rusanov_expedition" title="Rusanov expedition">Rusanov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Rusanov" title="Vladimir Rusanov">Rusanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kuchin" title="Alexander Kuchin">Kuchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_expedition" title="Brusilov expedition">Brusilov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Svyataya_Anna" title="Svyataya Anna">Sv. Anna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Brusilov" title="Georgy Brusilov">Brusilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Albanov" title="Valerian Albanov">Albanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Konrad" title="Alexander Konrad">Konrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nag%C3%B3rski" title="Jan Nagórski">Nagórski</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Taymyr</i></a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Vaygach (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Vaygach</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vilkitsky" title="Boris Vilkitsky">Vilkitsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maud_(ship)" title="Maud (ship)"><i>Maud</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arctic_and_Antarctic_Research_Institute" title="Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute">AARI</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Samoylovich" title="Rudolf Samoylovich">Samoylovich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Begichev" title="Nikifor Begichev">Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Urvantsev" title="Nikolay Urvantsev">Urvantsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadko_(1913_icebreaker)" title="Sadko (1913 icebreaker)"><i>Sadko</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Ushakov" title="Georgy Ushakov">Ushakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route" title="Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route">Glavsevmorput</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schmidt" title="Otto Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aviaarktika" title="Aviaarktika">Aviaarktika</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shevelev" title="Mark Shevelev">Shevelev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sibiryakov_(icebreaker)" title="A. Sibiryakov (icebreaker)"><i>A. Sibiryakov</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voronin_(captain)" title="Vladimir Voronin (captain)">Voronin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chelyuskin" title="SS Chelyuskin"><i>Chelyuskin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krassin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Krassin (1916 icebreaker)"><i>Krassin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Gakkel" title="Yakov Gakkel">Gakkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_icebreaker" title="Nuclear-powered icebreaker">Nuclear-powered icebreakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1957_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1957 icebreaker)"><i>Lenin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktika-class_icebreaker" title="Arktika-class icebreaker"><i>Arktika</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic exploration">Antarctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Continent_*_History_*_Expeditions"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antarctica" title="History of Antarctica">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions" title="List of Antarctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_la_Roch%C3%A9" title="Anthony de la Roché">Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier" title="Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier">Bouvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Joseph_de_Kerguelen-Tr%C3%A9marec" title="Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Telmo_(Spanish_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Telmo (Spanish ship)"><i>San Telmo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(sloop-of-war)" title="Vostok (sloop-of-war)"><i>Vostok</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Bellingshausen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirny_(sloop-of-war)" title="Mirny (sloop-of-war)"><i>Mirny</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lazarev" title="Mikhail Lazarev">Lazarev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bransfield" title="Edward Bransfield">Bransfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Palmer" title="Nathaniel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(sealer)" title="John Davis (sealer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Morrell" title="Benjamin Morrell">Morrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1811)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1811)"><i>Astrolabe</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Dumont d'Urville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition" title="United States Exploring Expedition">United States Exploring Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(1826)" title="USS Vincennes (1826)">USS <i>Vincennes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkes" title="Charles Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Porpoise_(1836)" title="USS Porpoise (1836)">USS <i>Porpoise</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Ringgold" title="Cadwalader Ringgold">Ringgold</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercator_Cooper" title="Mercator Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Challenger_expedition" title="Challenger expedition">Challenger expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(1858)" title="HMS Challenger (1858)">HMS <i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanographer)" title="John Murray (oceanographer)">Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">"</span><a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration" title="Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration">Heroic Age</a><span class="nobold">"</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RV_Belgica_(1884)" title="RV Belgica (1884)"><i>Belgica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lecointe_(explorer)" title="Georges Lecointe (explorer)">Lecointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski" title="Henryk Arctowski">Arctowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski" title="Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski">Dobrowolski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)" title="SS Southern Cross (1886)"><i>Southern Cross</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Hut" title="Discovery Hut">Discovery Hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gauss_expedition" title="Gauss expedition">Gauss</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(ship)" title="Gauss (ship)">Gauss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Drygalski" title="Erich von Drygalski">Drygalski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_(ship)" title="Antarctic (ship)"><i>Antarctic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld" title="Otto Nordenskjöld">O. Nordenskjöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Scottish National Antarctic Expedition">Scottish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Speirs_Bruce" title="William Speirs Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_(barque)" title="Scotia (barque)"><i>Scotia</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orcadas_Base" title="Orcadas Base">Orcadas Base</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(1867_ship)" title="Nimrod (1867 ship)">Nimrod</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Antarctic_Expedition" title="French Antarctic Expedition">French Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pourquoi-Pas_(1908)" title="Pourquoi-Pas (1908)"><i>Pourquoi-Pas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot" title="Jean-Baptiste Charcot">Charcot</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Japanese Antarctic Expedition">Japanese Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobu_Shirase" title="Nobu Shirase">Shirase</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Framheim" title="Framheim">Framheim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)"><i>Terra Nova</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Evans,_1st_Baron_Mountevans" title="Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans">E. R. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Crean_(explorer)" title="Tom Crean (explorer)">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lashly" title="William Lashly">Lashly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Filchner" title="Wilhelm Filchner">Filchner</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Australasian Antarctic Expedition">Australasian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SY_Aurora" title="SY Aurora">SY <i>Aurora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Party" title="Far Eastern Party">Far Eastern Party</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)"><i>Endurance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_the_James_Caird" title="Voyage of the James Caird"><i>James Caird</i></a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea_party" title="Ross Sea party">Ross Sea party</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackintosh" title="Aeneas Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shackleton%E2%80%93Rowett_Expedition" title="Shackleton–Rowett Expedition">Shackleton–Rowett Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(ship)" title="Quest (ship)"><i>Quest</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Year" title="International Polar Year">IPY</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">IGY</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">Modern research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition">BANZARE</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Graham_Land_expedition" title="British Graham Land expedition">BGLE</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rymill" title="John Rymill">Rymill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ritscher" title="Alfred Ritscher">Ritscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tabarin" title="Operation Tabarin">Operation Tabarin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Marr_(biologist)" title="James Marr (biologist)">Marr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Highjump" title="Operation Highjump">Operation Highjump</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Arturo_Prat_Base" title="Captain Arturo Prat Base">Captain Arturo Prat Base</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windmill" title="Operation Windmill">Operation Windmill</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ketchum" title="Gerald Ketchum">Ketchum</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronne_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition">Ronne Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finn_Ronne" title="Finn Ronne">F. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">E. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Schlossbach" title="Isaac Schlossbach">Schlossbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze" title="Operation Deep Freeze">Operation Deep Freeze</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Soviet Antarctic Expedition">Soviet Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition">1st</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Somov" title="Mikhail Somov">Somov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Klenova" title="Maria Klenova">Klenova</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirny_Station" title="Mirny Station">Mirny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">2nd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Tryoshnikov" title="Alexey Tryoshnikov">Tryoshnikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">3rd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Transglobe_Expedition" title="Transglobe Expedition">Transglobe Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Fiennes" title="Ranulph Fiennes">Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Burton" title="Charles R. Burton">Burton</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kapitsa" title="Andrey Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_South" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barne" title="Michael Barne">Barne</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Marshall" title="Eric Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Adams" title="Jameson Adams">Adams</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">South magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_David" title="Edgeworth David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Mackay" title="Alistair Mackay">Mackay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Bjaaland" title="Olav Bjaaland">Bjaaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmer_Hanssen" title="Helmer Hanssen">Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Hassel" title="Sverre Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Evans" title="Edgar Evans">E. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Oates" title="Lawrence Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Cherry-Garrard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernt_Balchen" title="Bernt Balchen">Balchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Chadbourne_McKinley" title="Ashley Chadbourne McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Dufek" title="George J. Dufek">Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott_South_Pole_Station" title="Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station">Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Cold" title="Pole of Cold">Pole of Cold</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_Station" title="Vostok Station">Vostok Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_inaccessibility" title="Pole of inaccessibility">Pole of inaccessibility</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Inaccessibility_research_station" title="Pole of Inaccessibility research station">Pole of Inaccessibility research station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_P._Crary" title="Albert P. Crary">Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arved_Fuchs" title="Arved Fuchs">A. Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Danish_overseas_empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danish_overseas_empire" title="Template:Danish overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danish_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Danish overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danish_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danish overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Danish_overseas_empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish overseas empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Danish_East_India_Company_(1620–1777)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_East_India_Company" title="Danish East India Company">Danish East India Company</a> (1620–1777)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="East_Indies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danish_India" title="Danish India">East Indies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorate General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dansborg" title="Fort Dansborg">Fort Dansborg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Frederiksnagore <small>(Serampore)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondalpara" title="Gondalpara">Danmarksnagore <small>(Gondalpara)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Oddeway Torre <small>(Malabar Coast)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Frederiksøerne <small>(Nicobar Islands)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut <small>(Kozhikode)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colachel" title="Colachel">Colachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Machilipatnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Oddeway Torre <small>(Malabar Coast)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipli" title="Pipli">Pipli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Danish_West_India_Company_(1668–1776)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_West_India_Company" title="Danish West India Company">Danish West India Company</a> (1668–1776)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="West_Indies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">West Indies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Colonies_in_the_Caribbean" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies in the Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Crown_(1658–1850)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Crown</a> (1658–1850)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gold_Coast" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danish_Gold_Coast" title="Danish Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trading_posts_in_Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Augustaborg" title="Fort Augustaborg">Augustaborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Carlsborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Carlsborg">Carlsborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osu_Castle" title="Osu Castle">Christiansborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Frederiksborg" title="Fort Frederiksborg">Frederiksborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Fredensborg" title="Fort Fredensborg">Fredensborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Kongenstein" title="Fort Kongenstein">Kongensten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Prinzenstein" title="Fort Prinzenstein">Prinsensten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Ghana" title="Fort William, Ghana">William</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Settlements_of_the_Bergen_Greenland_Company_(1721–1727)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements of the <a href="/wiki/Bergen_Greenland_Company" title="Bergen Greenland Company">Bergen Greenland Company</a> (1721–1727)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Settlements" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haabets_%C3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Haabets Ø">Haabets Colonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_Hans_Egede_(1727-1747?),_Claus_Paarss_(1728-1730),_the_Moravian_missions_(1733-1900),_Jacob_Severin_(1734-1949)_and_the_General_Trade_Company_(1747–1774)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a> (1727-1747?), <a href="/wiki/Claus_Paarss" title="Claus Paarss">Claus Paarss</a> (1728-1730), the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_missions_in_Greenland" title="Moravian missions in Greenland">Moravian missions</a> (1733-1900), <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Severin" title="Jacob Severin">Jacob Severin</a> (1734-1949) and the <a href="/wiki/General_Trade_Company" title="General Trade Company">General Trade Company</a> (1747–1774)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_GreenlandandSouth_Greenland" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Greenland" title="North Greenland">North Greenland</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/South_Greenland" title="South Greenland">South Greenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trading_posts" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egede and Paarss</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godthaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Godthaab">Godt-Haab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haabets_%C3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Haabets Ø">Haabets Ø</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Moravian missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenfels,_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichtenfels, Greenland">Lichtenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neu-Herrnhut" class="mw-redirect" title="Neu-Herrnhut">Neu-Herrnhut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Severin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianshaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianshaab">Christianshaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederikshaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederikshaab">Frederikshaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobshavn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobshavn">Jacobshavn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Trade Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianshaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianshaab">Christianshaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claushavn" class="mw-redirect" title="Claushavn">Claushavn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egedesminde" class="mw-redirect" title="Egedesminde">Egedesminde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisken%C3%A6sset" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiskenæsset">Fiskenæsset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederikshaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederikshaab">Frederikshaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godhavn" class="mw-redirect" title="Godhavn">Godhavn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godthaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Godthaab">Godt-Haab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holsteinsborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Holsteinsborg">Holsteinsborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobshavn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobshavn">Jacobshavn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianehaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Julianehaab">Julianehaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenfels,_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichtenfels, Greenland">Lichtenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neu-Herrnhut" class="mw-redirect" title="Neu-Herrnhut">Neu-Herrnhut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritenbenck" title="Ritenbenck">Ritenbenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaamiut" title="Kangaamiut">Sukkertoppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umanak" class="mw-redirect" title="Umanak">Umanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upernavik" title="Upernavik">Upernavik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Colonies_of_the_Kingdom_of_Denmark_(1536–1953)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Colonies of the Kingdom of Denmark</a> (1536–1953)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1850</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Gold_Coast" title="Danish Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1869</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish East Indies">East Indies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1874</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iceland#Iceland_under_Norwegian_and_Danish_kings_(1262–1944)" title="History of Iceland">Iceland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1917</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">West Indies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1948</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1953</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Greenland" title="Colony of Greenland">Greenland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Became <a href="/wiki/Denmark#Greenland_and_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Denmark">autonomous countries</a> of the Kingdom of Denmark; <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a> gained <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">full independence</a> in 1944.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_(1903%E2%80%931948).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal coat of arms of Denmark (1903-1948)"><img alt="Royal coat of arms of Denmark (1903-1948)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg/155px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg/233px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg/310px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1177" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="23x15px&#124;no_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Kingdom_of_Denmark_(1948–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Kingdom of Denmark</a> (1948–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Danish_Realm" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Danish Realm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template talk:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">World's largest islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000 km<sup>2</sup><br />(38,610 sq mi) and greater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Madagascar" title="Geography of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Island" title="Victoria Island">Victoria Island</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island">Ellesmere Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iceland" title="Geography of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20,000–99,999 km<sup>2</sup><br />(7,722–38,610 sq mi)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banks_Island" title="Banks Island">Banks Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Island" title="Alexander Island">Alexander Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Grande_de_Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego">Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)" title="Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)">Melville Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Island" title="Southampton Island">Southampton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3" title="Marajó">Marajó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut)">Prince of Wales Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan#Geography" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily#Geography" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Somerset Island (Nunavut)">Somerset Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelny_Island" title="Kotelny Island">Kotelny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Geography" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bananal_Island" title="Bananal Island">Bananal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/21px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/42px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Denmark" title="Portal:Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/19px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/29px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/38px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Greenland</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland_-_Kalaallit_Nunaat" class="extiw" title="c:Grønland - Kalaallit Nunaat">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Greenland" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Greenland">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Greenland" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Greenland">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Comparative_law_and_justice/Greenland" class="extiw" title="v:Comparative law and justice/Greenland">Resources</a></b> from Wikiversity</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Greenland" class="extiw" title="voy:Greenland">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121659419">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137138322">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205290/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grönland"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4022113-1">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79059221">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12481723m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12481723m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562648">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grónsko"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129206&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575440">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5049453">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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