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id="toc-Children_of_peers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Courtesy_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtesy_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Courtesy titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtesy_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Choosing_a_courtesy_peer's_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Choosing_a_courtesy_peer's_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Choosing a courtesy peer's title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Choosing_a_courtesy_peer's_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtesy_style_of_"Lord"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtesy_style_of_"Lord""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Courtesy style of "Lord"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtesy_style_of_"Lord"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtesy_style_of_"Lady"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtesy_style_of_"Lady""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Courtesy style of "Lady"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtesy_style_of_"Lady"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtesy_style_of_"The_Honourable"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtesy_style_of_"The_Honourable""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Courtesy style of "The Honourable"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtesy_style_of_"The_Honourable"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Married_daughters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Married_daughters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Married daughters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Married_daughters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indirect_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indirect_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Indirect inheritance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indirect_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spouses_of_peers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spouses_of_peers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Spouses of peers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spouses_of_peers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spouses of peers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spouses_of_peers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Husbands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Husbands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Husbands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Husbands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Widows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Widows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Widows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Widows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divorced_wives_and_widows_who_remarry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divorced_wives_and_widows_who_remarry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Divorced wives and widows who remarry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divorced_wives_and_widows_who_remarry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_partners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_partners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Civil partners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_partners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scottish_courtesy_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scottish_courtesy_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Scottish courtesy titles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scottish_courtesy_titles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scottish courtesy titles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scottish_courtesy_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Courtesy_suffix_of_"Younger"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtesy_suffix_of_"Younger""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Courtesy suffix of "Younger"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtesy_suffix_of_"Younger"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtesy_prefix_of_"Maid"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtesy_prefix_of_"Maid""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Courtesy prefix of "Maid"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtesy_prefix_of_"Maid"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precedence_status_of_courtesy_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precedence_status_of_courtesy_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Precedence status of courtesy titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precedence_status_of_courtesy_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_courtesy_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_courtesy_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Judicial courtesy titles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Judicial_courtesy_titles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Judicial courtesy titles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Judicial_courtesy_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-College_of_Justice_in_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#College_of_Justice_in_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>College of Justice in Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_of_Justice_in_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_courtesy_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_courtesy_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Professional courtesy titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_courtesy_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References and notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_and_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Forms of address for close relatives of peers</div> <p>A <b>courtesy title</b> is a form of address and/or reference in the British system of <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> used for children, former wives and other close relatives of a <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peer</a>, as well as certain officials such as some judges and members of the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">gentry</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">styles</a> are used "by courtesy" in the sense that persons referred to by these titles do not in law hold the <a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">substantive title</a>. There are several different kinds of courtesy titles in the <a href="/wiki/British_peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="British peerage">British peerage</a> system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Children_of_peers">Children of peers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Children of peers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtesy_titles">Courtesy titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Courtesy titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Percy,_Early_Percy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/George_Percy%2C_Early_Percy.jpg/220px-George_Percy%2C_Early_Percy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/George_Percy%2C_Early_Percy.jpg/330px-George_Percy%2C_Early_Percy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/George_Percy%2C_Early_Percy.jpg/440px-George_Percy%2C_Early_Percy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>The son of the current <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Percy,_12th_Duke_of_Northumberland" title="Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland">Duke of Northumberland</a> has the courtesy title of <a href="/wiki/George_Percy,_Earl_Percy" title="George Percy, Earl Percy">Earl Percy</a>, and is addressed and referred to as "Lord Percy".</figcaption></figure> <p>If a peer of one of the top three ranks of the peerage (a <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">marquess</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earl</a>) has more than one title, his eldest son – himself not a peer – may use one of his father's lesser titles "by courtesy". However, the father continues to be the substantive holder of the peerage title, and the son is using the title by courtesy only, unless issued a <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_acceleration" title="Writ of acceleration">writ of acceleration</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The eldest son of the eldest son of a duke or marquess may use a still lower title, if one exists. In legal documents, the courtesy title is implied, but not used directly – that is, the name of the person is given, followed by "commonly called [<i>title</i>]". </p><p>For example, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Duke of Norfolk">Duke of Norfolk</a> is also <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Arundel" title="Earl of Arundel">Earl of Arundel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baron_Maltravers" title="Baron Maltravers">Baron Maltravers</a>. His eldest son is, therefore, styled "Earl of Arundel" ("the" does not precede it, as this would indicate a substantive title). Lord Arundel's eldest son (should he have one during his father's lifetime) would be styled "Lord Maltravers". However, only the Duke of Norfolk is actually a peer; his son Lord Arundel and his hypothetical grandson Lord Maltravers are not. </p><p>Courtesy titles are used by the peer's eldest living son, and the eldest son's eldest living son, and so forth, only; other descendants are not permitted to use the peer's <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">subsidiary titles</a>. Only the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> (and heir apparent to the heir apparent, and so on) may use them. An <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> (for instance, a brother, nephew, or cousin) does not use a courtesy title. However, Scottish practice allows the style <i><a href="/wiki/Master_(Peerage_of_Scotland)" title="Master (Peerage of Scotland)">Master/Mistress</a> of X</i> to an heir presumptive as well as to an heir apparent; for example, the brother of the present <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Tweeddale" title="Marquess of Tweeddale">Marquess of Tweeddale</a>, Lord <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Hay" title="Alistair Hay">Alistair Hay</a>, has the title <i>Master of Tweeddale</i>. </p><p>Holders of courtesy titles do not, at the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St_James%27s" title="Court of St James's">Court of St James's</a>, have their title preceded by "the": "Earl of Arundel" rather than "the Earl of Arundel", for instance. </p><p>Wives are entitled to use the feminine forms of their husbands' courtesy titles. Thus, the wife of an Earl of Arundel would be styled "Countess of Arundel" (again, without the definite article in front). </p><p>The children (either male or female) of holders of courtesy titles bear the styles as would be theirs if their fathers actually held the peerages by which they were known; for example, <a href="/wiki/Serena_Stanhope" class="mw-redirect" title="Serena Stanhope">Serena Stanhope</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Petersham" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Petersham">Viscount Petersham</a> (heir to the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Harrington" title="Earl of Harrington">Earl of Harrington</a>), had the style of <a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">the Honourable</a>, which is reserved for daughters of viscounts and barons, a title which her father held by courtesy only.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Choosing_a_courtesy_peer's_title"><span id="Choosing_a_courtesy_peer.27s_title"></span>Choosing a courtesy peer's title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Choosing a courtesy peer's title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The actual courtesy title which is used is a matter of family tradition. For instance, the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Buccleuch_and_Queensberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry">Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry</a> is styled "<a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dalkeith" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Dalkeith">Earl of Dalkeith</a>", even though the duke is also <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Dumfriesshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquess of Dumfriesshire">Marquess of Dumfriesshire</a>, a title that outranks the earldom. Similarly, the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Marquess of Londonderry">Marquess of Londonderry</a> is styled "<a href="/wiki/Viscount_Castlereagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Castlereagh">Viscount Castlereagh</a>", even though the marquess is also <a href="/wiki/Earl_Vane" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Vane">Earl Vane</a>. </p><p>In a few houses, successive heirs alternate between two courtesy titles. Heirs to the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Marquess of Lansdowne">Marquess of Lansdowne</a> are alternately "Earl of Kerry" and "Earl of Shelburne", whereas heirs to the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Jersey" title="Earl of Jersey">Earl of Jersey</a> are alternately "Viscount Grandison" and "Viscount Villiers". </p><p>Titles with the same name as a peer's main title are not used as courtesy titles. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Westminster" title="Duke of Westminster">Duke of Westminster</a> is also Marquess of Westminster and Earl Grosvenor (among other titles). The duke's heir apparent (when there is one) is not styled "Marquess of Westminster", as this would cause confusion between son and father, and so the former is styled "Earl Grosvenor" instead. </p><p>The title used does not have to be exactly equivalent to the actual peerage. For example, the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington_(title)" title="Duke of Wellington (title)">Duke of Wellington</a> is usually styled "<a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Douro" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquess of Douro">Marquess of Douro</a>", although the actual peerage possessed by his father is Marquess Douro (no "of" between the rank and place).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elliott_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elliott-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a peer of the rank of earl or above does not have any subsidiary titles of a name different from his main title, his eldest son usually uses an invented courtesy title of "Lord [<i>surname</i>]". For instance, the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Devon" title="Earl of Devon">Earl of Devon</a> is styled "<a href="/wiki/Lord_Courtenay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Courtenay">Lord Courtenay</a>", even though the earl has no <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">barony</a> of that name; similarly, the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Guilford" title="Earl of Guilford">Earl of Guilford</a> is styled "<a href="/wiki/Lord_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord North">Lord North</a>". The eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="Earl of Huntingdon">Earl of Huntingdon</a>, who has no subsidiary titles, is styled "<a href="/wiki/Viscount_Hastings" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Hastings">Viscount Hastings</a>" to avoid confusion with <a href="/wiki/Lord_Hastings" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Hastings">Lord Hastings</a>, a substantive peer. The heir of <a href="/wiki/Earl_Castle_Stewart" title="Earl Castle Stewart">Earl Castle Stewart</a> uses the style "Viscount Stewart" to avoid confusion with Lord Stewart, the eldest son of Viscount Castlereagh (the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Marquess of Londonderry">Marquess of Londonderry</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtesy_style_of_"Lord""><span id="Courtesy_style_of_.22Lord.22"></span>Courtesy style of "Lord"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Courtesy style of "Lord""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The courtesy style of "Lord" before the given name is accorded to younger sons of dukes and marquesses. It is always added before the person's <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a>, as in the example of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">Lord Randolph Churchill</a>, although conversational usage drops the surname on secondary reference. It is never used before the person's surname alone, and is not considered a "title" under peerage law. </p><p>The title persists after the death of the holder's father, but is not inherited by any of his children. The wife of the holder is entitled to the feminine form of her husband's style, which takes the form of "Lady" followed by her husband's given name and surname, as in the example of <a href="/wiki/Lady_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lady Randolph Churchill">Lady Randolph Churchill</a>. The holder is addressed as "Lord Randolph" and his wife as "Lady Randolph". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtesy_style_of_"Lady""><span id="Courtesy_style_of_.22Lady.22"></span>Courtesy style of "Lady"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Courtesy style of "Lady""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The courtesy style of "Lady" is used for the daughters of dukes, marquesses, and earls. It is added before the person's given name, as in the examples <a href="/wiki/Lady_Diana_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Diana Spencer">Lady Diana Spencer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Henrietta_Waldegrave" title="Lady Henrietta Waldegrave">Lady Henrietta Waldegrave</a>. Because it is merely a courtesy with no legal implications, the honorific persists after the death of the holder's father, but it is not inherited by her children. The style is never used immediately before the surname alone. </p><p>"Lady" is also used before the first name of Ladies Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> and Ladies of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Thistle" title="Order of the Thistle">Order of the Thistle</a> who do not hold another, higher title or style. </p><p>The spouse of a woman with a courtesy style does not hold any courtesy style in right of their spouse; neither does the husband of a person with <i>any</i> style or title (including the husband of a peer). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtesy_style_of_"The_Honourable""><span id="Courtesy_style_of_.22The_Honourable.22"></span>Courtesy style of "The Honourable"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Courtesy style of "The Honourable""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Younger sons of earls, along with all sons and daughters of viscounts, barons and lords of parliament, are accorded the courtesy style of "<a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">the Honourable</a>" before their name; one example is <a href="/wiki/Vita_Sackville-West" title="Vita Sackville-West">Vita Sackville-West</a>. This is usually abbreviated to "the Hon.". The style persists after the death of the holder's father, but it may not be inherited by the holder's children. It is used only in <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person">third person</a> reference, not in speaking to the person. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Married_daughters">Married daughters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Married daughters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A daughter of a duke, marquess or earl who marries an untitled man becomes "Lady [<i>given name</i>] [<i>husband's surname</i>]"; an example from fiction is Lady Catherine de Bourgh in <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, who married the untitled knight (or baronet) Sir Louis de Bourgh and, therefore, retains her courtesy style. The daughter of a viscount or baron who marries a commoner is styled "the Honourable [<i>given name</i>] [<i>husband's surname</i>]". </p><p>Any woman who marries a peer uses the feminine version of his peerage title, even if her own precedence is higher than his, as in the case of a duke's daughter marrying a baron, because a peerage is a substantive title, the usage of which is preferred to any courtesy style – unless she marries into the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a>. If a woman marries a younger son of a duke or marquess, she becomes "Lady [<i>husband's full name</i>]". If she marries a younger son of an earl, or any son of a viscount or a baron, she becomes "the Hon. Mrs [<i>husband's full name</i>]". </p><p>In cases of divorce, a woman may keep the same style as during marriage or she may choose to assume the style "Mrs [<i>given name</i>] [<i>husband's surname</i>]". Regardless of what she chooses, she loses all precedence acquired from marriage and, because of the former option, there can be multiple <i>Ladies John Smith</i> at any one time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 2004, children who had been adopted by peers had no right to any courtesy titles. Pursuant to a Royal Warrant dated 30 April 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these children are now automatically entitled to the same styles and courtesy titles as their siblings. However, unlike biological children, they cannot inherit peerages from their parent<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (and thus, since they cannot be heirs, if a peer adopts a son and he is the oldest son, he would use the styles of younger sons). For example, actress <a href="/wiki/Nimmy_March" title="Nimmy March">Nimmy March</a>, the daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Richmond, was immediately elevated to Lady Naomi Gordon-Lennox on 30 April 2004. </p><p>Scottish peerages' rules for courtesy titles and styles differ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Peer </th> <th>Wife </th> <th>Eldest son </th> <th>Younger son </th> <th>Unmarried daughter </th></tr> <tr> <td>Duke </td> <td>Duchess </td> <td rowspan="3">[<i>father's subsidiary title</i>] </td> <td rowspan="2">Lord [<i>first name</i>] [<i>last name</i>] </td> <td rowspan="3">Lady [<i>first name</i>] [<i>last name</i>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marquess </td> <td>Marchioness </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earl </td> <td>Countess </td> <td rowspan="3">the Honourable [<i>first name</i>] [<i>last name</i>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Viscount </td> <td>Viscountess </td> <td rowspan="2">the Honourable [<i>first name</i>] [<i>last name</i>] </td> <td rowspan="2">the Honourable [<i>first name</i>] [<i>last name</i>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baron </td> <td>Baroness </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indirect_inheritance">Indirect inheritance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Indirect inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occasionally, a peer succeeds to a peerage upon the death of a relative who is not one of his or her parents. When this happens, the relatives of the new peer may be allowed to use the courtesy titles or styles which would have been accorded them if the new peer had succeeded a parent or grandparent in the title. </p><p>For instance, <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Ponsonby,_7th_Baron_de_Mauley" title="Rupert Ponsonby, 7th Baron de Mauley">Rupert Ponsonby, 7th Baron de Mauley</a> succeeded his childless uncle in 2002. His brother George had no title, as their father was only a younger son of a peer and never inherited (as <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a>) the <a href="/wiki/Baron_de_Mauley" title="Baron de Mauley">Baron de Mauley</a> title. However, in 2003, George was granted, by <a href="/wiki/Warrant_of_precedence" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant of precedence">warrant of precedence</a> from Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, the style and precedence that would have been his, had his father survived to inherit the barony, becoming <i>the Honourable George Ponsonby</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precedence in such circumstances is usually granted, but is not automatic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spouses_of_peers">Spouses of peers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spouses of peers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The wife of a substantive peer is legally entitled to the privileges of peerage: she is said to have a "life estate" in her husband's dignity. Thus, a duke's wife is titled "the <a href="/wiki/Duchess" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess">duchess</a>", a marquess's wife "the <a href="/wiki/Marchioness" class="mw-redirect" title="Marchioness">marchioness</a>", an earl's wife "the <a href="/wiki/Countess" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess">countess</a>", a viscount's wife, "the <a href="/wiki/Viscountess" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscountess">viscountess</a>" and a baron's wife "the <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baroness</a>". Despite being referred to as a "peeress", she is a peer by virtue of her marriage; however, this is considered a legal title, as it grants her a legal (marriage) estate, unlike the social titles of a peer's children. </p><p>The wives of eldest sons of peers hold their titles on the same basis as their husbands – that is, by courtesy. Thus, the wife of the person known as Marquess of Douro is known as "Marchioness of Douro".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Husbands">Husbands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Husbands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the case of a woman who is a substantive peer in her own right, by succession or by first creation (that is, ennoblement, most commonly in recent times under the <a href="/wiki/Life_Peerages_Act_1958" title="Life Peerages Act 1958">Life Peerages Act 1958</a>), her husband acquires no distinction <a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">in right of his wife</a>. Thus, the husband of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Bottomley" title="Virginia Bottomley">Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone</a> has no courtesy title; he was simply called "Mr <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bottomley" title="Peter Bottomley">Peter Bottomley</a>" until he was knighted and became "Sir Peter Bottomley". </p><p>In 2012, Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Colvile" title="Oliver Colvile">Oliver Colvile</a> put forward a <a href="/wiki/Ten_Minute_Rule" title="Ten Minute Rule">Ten Minute Rule</a> bill to allow the spouse of a woman who holds an honour, if he or she enters civil partnership or marriage, to assume the style <i>the Honourable</i>. This bill stalled, and was not passed by the end of the Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, there was a <a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill" title="Private member's bill">private member's bill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> introduced by Conservative <a href="/wiki/List_of_excepted_hereditary_peers" title="List of excepted hereditary peers">excepted hereditary peer</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Palmer,_12th_Baron_Lucas" title="Ralph Palmer, 12th Baron Lucas">Lord Lucas</a> to the same effect, which was similarly not passed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Widows">Widows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Widows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If a prince or peer dies, his wife's style does not change unless the new peer is a married man (or a woman, if the succession permits). Traditionally, the widowed peeress puts "<a href="/wiki/Dowager" title="Dowager">Dowager</a>" in her style – for example, "The Most Hon. the Marchioness of London" becomes "The Most Hon. the Dowager Marchioness of London". </p><p>If a widowed peeress's son predeceases her, her daughter-in-law does not use the title of Dowager, but is styled, for instance, "The Most Hon. Mary, Marchioness of London" until her mother-in-law dies, at which point she may use the title of "Dowager Marchioness". In more recent times, some widows have chosen to be styled with their first names, instead of as Dowager – for example, "Octavia, Lady Baden-Powell" ("Lady Octavia Baden-Powell" would incorrectly imply that she was a daughter of a duke, a marquess or an earl, or a Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter or a Lady of the Order of the Thistle without a higher style).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divorced_wives_and_widows_who_remarry">Divorced wives and widows who remarry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Divorced wives and widows who remarry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It used to be customary for women with higher titles from one marriage to retain them even on subsequent remarriage. As Lord Macnaughten put it, in the case of <i>Earl Cowley v Countess Cowley</i> [1901] AC 450: "...everybody knows that it is a very common practice for peeresses (not being peeresses in their own right) after marrying commoners to retain the title lost by such marriage. It is not a matter of right. It is merely a matter of courtesy, and allowed by the usages of society." The divorce court, in the above case, granted the earl an injunction preventing his former wife from using his title; however, this was overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal of England and Wales">Court of Appeal</a>, and this was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, on the grounds that ordinary courts of law lacked any jurisdiction in matters of honour.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same practice was followed by widows who remarried. A prominent example was <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a>, the last wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a>, who continued to be known as Queen Catherine even after her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Seymour,_1st_Baron_Seymour_of_Sudeley" title="Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley">Thomas, Baron Seymour of Sudeley</a> (and, indeed, she disputed precedence with <a href="/wiki/Anne_Seymour,_Duchess_of_Somerset" title="Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset">Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset</a> on this basis). This usage died out later in the twentieth century, and women who remarry now ordinarily take a new married name and do not retain their former title.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a>, acting on an opinion of the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, holds that divorced peeresses "cannot claim the privileges or status of Peeresses which they derived from their husbands".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a divorced former wife of a peer is no longer a peeress, she may still use the title, styled with her forename prefixed to the title (without the definite article).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her forename is used primarily to differentiate her from any new wife of her former husband; however, should the former husband remain unmarried, then the former wife may continue to use the title without her forename attached.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Should a former wife of a peer remarry, then she would lose the style of a divorced peeress and take on a style relating to her new husband.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 August 1996, <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> changed titles of divorced wives of <a href="/wiki/British_prince" title="British prince">British princes</a>, depriving their former wives of the style of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason <i>Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales</i> after divorce became <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a>. The same happened to <i>Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York</i>, who became <a href="/wiki/Sarah,_Duchess_of_York" title="Sarah, Duchess of York">Sarah, Duchess of York</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_partners">Civil partners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Civil partners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Civil_partnerships_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil partnerships in the United Kingdom">Civil partners</a> of someone using a courtesy title are not entitled to use their partner's title. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scottish_courtesy_titles">Scottish courtesy titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Scottish courtesy titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Laird" title="Laird">Laird</a> is a courtesy title for the owners of some long-established <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> estates; the title is attached to the estate, not to the family of the owner. Traditionally, a laird is formally <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">styled</a> in the manner evident on the 1730 <a href="/wiki/Tombstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombstone">tombstone</a> in a Scottish <i><a href="/wiki/Kirkyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkyard">kirkyard</a></i> (churchyard). It reads: "<a href="/wiki/The_Much_Honoured" title="The Much Honoured">The Much Honoured</a> John Grant Laird of Glenmoriston". The section titled <i>Scottish Feudal Baronies</i> in <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a> states that the use of the prefix "The Much Hon." is correct, but that "most lairds prefer the unadorned name and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_designation" title="Territorial designation">territorial designation</a>". The wife of a laird is traditionally accorded the courtesy title of <a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">Lady</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtesy_suffix_of_"Younger""><span id="Courtesy_suffix_of_.22Younger.22"></span>Courtesy suffix of "Younger"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Courtesy suffix of "Younger""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A form of courtesy title granted is the suffix of "<a href="/wiki/Younger_(title)" title="Younger (title)">the Younger</a>" (also written as <b>Yr</b> <b>or yr</b>) at the end of the name. This title is granted to the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Barons_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Barons in Scotland">Scottish baron</a> and is placed at the end of his or her name (for example, John Smith of Edinburgh, Younger, or John Smith, Younger of Edinburgh). The wife of a Younger may herself place the title at the end of her name. The holder is addressed as the younger (for example, The Younger of Edinburgh).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtesy_prefix_of_"Maid""><span id="Courtesy_prefix_of_.22Maid.22"></span>Courtesy prefix of "Maid"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Courtesy prefix of "Maid""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The courtesy prefix of "Maid" is granted to the eldest daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Barons_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Barons in Scotland">Scottish baron</a>. If the eldest daughter is also the <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> she may either hold the title "Younger" or the title "Maid". The title is customary and not automatically given. The title is placed at the end of the name (for example, Miss Alice Joy, Maid of Newcastle). The holder is addressed as "The Maid of [<i>Barony</i>]".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precedence_status_of_courtesy_titles">Precedence status of courtesy titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Precedence status of courtesy titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The courtesy titles and styles of children of peers are social, not legal. For this reason, in official documents, Lord John Smith is often referred to as <i>John Smith, Esq., commonly called Lord John Smith</i>; the Hon. Mrs Smith would be called <i>Mary Jane, Mrs Smith, commonly called the Hon. Mary Jane Smith</i>. Only peers in attendance at Parliament enjoy <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutory</a> precedence. There is, however, official <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_order_of_precedence" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom order of precedence">precedence</a> accorded at the Court of St James's that results from being the wife or child of a peer, and to which social styles are attached. The wives of peers, however, are peeresses and legally enjoy their titles in exactly the same manner as peeresses in their own right. </p><p>Children of peers can outrank certain actual peers. For instance, the daughter of a duke outranks a countess. However, if the daughter of a duke marries an earl, she drops to the rank of countess, because her courtesy title is subsumed in his substantive title; however, if that same daughter marries a commoner, she retains her rank. If that daughter marries the eldest son of an earl, though he may be a courtesy peer, she may keep her rank until the son inherits the earldom, when she must drop to the rank of countess.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_courtesy_titles">Judicial courtesy titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Judicial courtesy titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="College_of_Justice_in_Scotland">College of Justice in Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: College of Justice in Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Senators_of_the_College_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Senators of the College of Justice">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Justice" title="College of Justice">College of Justice</a> (the judges of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a> and the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justiciary" title="High Court of Justiciary">High Court of Justiciary</a> as well as the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Land_Court" title="Scottish Land Court">Scottish Land Court</a>) traditionally use the title <i>Lord</i> or <i>Lady</i> along with a surname or a territorial name. All Senators of the College have the honorific <i>the Honourable</i> before their titles, while those who are also Privy Counsellors or peers have the honorific <i>the Right Honourable</i>. Senators are made Privy Counsellors upon promotion to the Inner House. </p><p>For example, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wylie,_Lord_Kinclaven" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Wylie, Lord Kinclaven">Alexander Wylie</a> is known as <i>the Honourable Lord Kinclaven</i>, while <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Mackay,_Lord_Eassie" title="Ronald Mackay, Lord Eassie">Ronald Mackay</a> is known as <i>the Right Honourable Lord Eassie</i>. Some Senators also hold peerage titles, such as <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Clark,_Baroness_Clark_of_Calton" title="Lynda Clark, Baroness Clark of Calton">the Right Honourable the Lady Clark of Calton</a>, and these would be used in place of judicial titles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Supreme Court of the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Dyson_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lord_Dyson_2013.jpg/170px-Lord_Dyson_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lord_Dyson_2013.jpg/255px-Lord_Dyson_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lord_Dyson_2013.jpg/340px-Lord_Dyson_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Dyson,_Lord_Dyson" title="John Dyson, Lord Dyson">John Dyson</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Justice of the Supreme Court</a> with the judicial courtesy title of <i>Lord</i></figcaption></figure> <p>On creation of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a> on 1 October 2009, the first <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Justices</a> already held life peerages as <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Appeal_in_Ordinary" title="Lords of Appeal in Ordinary">Lords of Appeal in Ordinary</a>, and continued to hold them. The government announced that future appointees would not be created peers. The first non-peer appointed to the Supreme Court was <a href="/wiki/John_Dyson,_Lord_Dyson" title="John Dyson, Lord Dyson">Sir John Dyson</a>, who took office on 19 April 2010. </p><p>By royal warrant dated 10 December 2010, all Justices of the Supreme Court who are not already <a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom">peers</a> are granted the style <i>Lord</i> or <i>Lady</i> followed by a surname, territorial designation or a combination of both, for life.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decision avoided any distinction from the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Senators_of_the_College_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Senators of the College of Justice">Senators of the College of Justice</a> (see section above). Accordingly, Sir John Dyson is styled <i>Lord Dyson</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-uksc_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uksc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wives of male Supreme Court justices are styled as if they were wives of peers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wilson,_Lord_Wilson_of_Culworth" title="Nicholas Wilson, Lord Wilson of Culworth">Nicholas Wilson, Lord Wilson of Culworth</a>, appointed to the Supreme Court on 26 May 2011, was the first person to use a territorial name with his judicial courtesy title, adopting reference to <a href="/wiki/Culworth" title="Culworth">Culworth</a> in Northamptonshire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_courtesy_titles">Professional courtesy titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Professional courtesy titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title of "<a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">Doctor</a>" (or the abbreviation "Dr") is used as a courtesy title in a number of fields by professionals who do not hold doctoral degrees. It is commonly used in this manner by physicians and dentists, although not surgeons.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Veterinary_Surgeons" title="Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons">Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons</a> also allows the use of "Doctor" as a courtesy title by its members, though they must make clear in writing that they are vets and not physicians of human medicine or holders of academic doctorates to ensure the public are not misled.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title of <i><a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Captain</a></i> is used as a courtesy title by shipmasters in the merchant navy who do not hold the military rank of captain.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used in oral address for naval officers below the rank of captain who are in command of a ship.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_courtesy_titles_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland" title="List of courtesy titles in the peerages of Britain and Ireland">List of courtesy titles in the peerages of Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_address_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forms of address in the United Kingdom">Forms of address in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_notes">References and notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References and notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHeywood1951" class="citation book cs1">Heywood, Valentine (1951). <i>British Titles - The Use and Misuse of the Titles of Peers and Commoners, with Some Historical Notes</i> (1st ed.). A. & C. Black, Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Titles+-+The+Use+and+Misuse+of+the+Titles+of+Peers+and+Commoners%2C+with+Some+Historical+Notes&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=A.+%26+C.+Black%2C+Ltd&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Heywood&rft.aufirst=Valentine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/index38.htm">"A Coronation Problem"</a>. <i>Cracroft's Peerage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cracroft%27s+Peerage&rft.atitle=A+Coronation+Problem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cracroftspeerage.co.uk%2Findex38.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette16894" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/16894/page/936">"No. 16894"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 3 May 1814. p. 936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+16894&rft.pages=936&rft.date=1814-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F16894%2Fpage%2F936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elliott-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elliott_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott1816" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, George (1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ywM9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR13"><i>The Life of the Most Noble Arthur, Duke of Wellington</i></a>. London: J. Cundee. p. xiii–xiv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Most+Noble+Arthur%2C+Duke+of+Wellington&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xiii-xiv&rft.pub=J.+Cundee&rft.date=1816&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DywM9AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette57306" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/57306/page/6821">"No. 57306"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 2 June 2004. p. 6821.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+57306&rft.pages=6821&rft.date=2004-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F57306%2Fpage%2F6821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: Adoption Act 1976, section 44(1) and Adoption and Children Act 2002, chapter 4, section 71(1). "An adoption does not affect the descent of any peerage or dignity or title of honour."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette56937" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/56937/page/6081">"No. 56937"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 16 May 2003. p. 6081.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+56937&rft.pages=6081&rft.date=2003-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F56937%2Fpage%2F6081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury_Publishing2016" class="citation news cs1">Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10jOCwAAQBAJ&q=courtesy+title+the+younger++bloomsbury&pg=PA18">"Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses"</a>. <i>Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472924346" title="Special:BookSources/9781472924346"><bdi>9781472924346</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Titles+and+Forms+of+Address%3A+A+Guide+to+Correct+Use&rft.atitle=Scottish+Clans+and+Territorial+Houses&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781472924346&rft.au=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10jOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcourtesy%2Btitle%2Bthe%2Byounger%2B%2Bbloomsbury%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/honoursequalityoftitlesforpartners.html">Honours (Equality of Titles for Partners) Bill 2012-13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/equalitytitles.html">Equality (Titles) Bill [HL] 2013-14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury_Publishing2016" class="citation news cs1">Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10jOCwAAQBAJ&q=courtesy+title+the+younger++bloomsbury&pg=PA18">"Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses"</a>. <i>Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472924346" title="Special:BookSources/9781472924346"><bdi>9781472924346</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Titles+and+Forms+of+Address%3A+A+Guide+to+Correct+Use&rft.atitle=Scottish+Clans+and+Territorial+Houses&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781472924346&rft.au=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10jOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcourtesy%2Btitle%2Bthe%2Byounger%2B%2Bbloomsbury%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/07/31/117970280.pdf">"Divorced Peeresses Titles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. New York. 31 July 1901<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Divorced+Peeresses+Titles&rft.date=1901-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1901%2F07%2F31%2F117970280.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury_Publishing2016" class="citation news cs1">Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10jOCwAAQBAJ&q=courtesy+title+the+younger++bloomsbury&pg=PA18">"Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses"</a>. <i>Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472924346" title="Special:BookSources/9781472924346"><bdi>9781472924346</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Titles+and+Forms+of+Address%3A+A+Guide+to+Correct+Use&rft.atitle=Scottish+Clans+and+Territorial+Houses&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781472924346&rft.au=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10jOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcourtesy%2Btitle%2Bthe%2Byounger%2B%2Bbloomsbury%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2019" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Susan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=99tHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR73"><i>Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 2019</i></a>. Debrett's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781999767006" title="Special:BookSources/9781999767006"><bdi>9781999767006</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Peerage+and+Baronetage+2019&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781999767006&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D99tHEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyse2016" class="citation book cs1">Wyse, Elizabeth (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XsNHEAAAQBAJ&q=marriage+between+a+duke+and+a+duchess+has+been+dissolved"><i>Debrett's Handbook</i></a>. Debrett's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0992934866" title="Special:BookSources/978-0992934866"><bdi>978-0992934866</bdi></a>. <q>If a marriage between a duke and a duchess has been dissolved, the former wife (although no longer a peeress) may continue to use her title as a duke's wife, preceded by her forename (unless she remarries)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Handbook&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0992934866&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXsNHEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmarriage%2Bbetween%2Ba%2Bduke%2Band%2Ba%2Bduchess%2Bhas%2Bbeen%2Bdissolved&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2019" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Susan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=99tHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR73"><i>Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 2019</i></a>. Debrett's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781999767006" title="Special:BookSources/9781999767006"><bdi>9781999767006</bdi></a>. <q>The correct style and description of divorced ladies who have not remarried nor have taken steps to resume their maiden name with the prefix of Mrs, is as follows: The former wife of a Peer or courtesy Peer,——Mary, Viscountess——</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Peerage+and+Baronetage+2019&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781999767006&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D99tHEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202210417/https://debretts.com/expertise/rites-of-passage/divorce/forms-of-address/">"Forms of Address Divorce"</a>. Debrett's. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://debretts.com/expertise/rites-of-passage/divorce/forms-of-address/">the original</a> on 2 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forms+of+Address+Divorce&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdebretts.com%2Fexpertise%2Frites-of-passage%2Fdivorce%2Fforms-of-address%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyse2016" class="citation book cs1">Wyse, Elizabeth (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XsNHEAAAQBAJ&q=she+remarries"><i>Debrett's Handbook</i></a>. Debrett's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0992934866" title="Special:BookSources/978-0992934866"><bdi>978-0992934866</bdi></a>. <q>if she remarries, she would take the style of her subsequent husband...if Tessa, Viscountess Tilney, marries Mr George Robinson she becomes Mrs George Robinson</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Handbook&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0992934866&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXsNHEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dshe%2Bremarries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette54510" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/54510/page/11603">"No. 54510"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 30 August 1996. p. 11603.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+54510&rft.pages=11603&rft.date=1996-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F54510%2Fpage%2F11603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2009" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Graeme (31 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nTGfBAAAQBAJ&q=laird+courtesy+title&pg=PT68"><i>How to Trace Your Ancestry From Your Own Computer</i></a>. Hachette UK, 31 Jul. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848033559" title="Special:BookSources/9781848033559"><bdi>9781848033559</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2014</span>. <q>The Scottish title "Laird" is a courtesy title with no legal status...in reality, certain long-established estates have the title attached to them...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Trace+Your+Ancestry+From+Your+Own+Computer&rft.pub=Hachette+UK%2C+31+Jul.+2009&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft.isbn=9781848033559&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnTGfBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlaird%2Bcourtesy%2Btitle%26pg%3DPT68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UZKrBAAAQBAJ&q=laird+title+of+wife+of&pg=PT88"><i>Titles and Forms of Address</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. 31 January 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408148129" title="Special:BookSources/9781408148129"><bdi>9781408148129</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2016</span>. <q>The widow of a chief or laird continues to use the territorial style and the prefix Dowager may be used in the same circumstances ... In rural Scotland (laird's) wives are often styled Lady, though not legally except in the case of the wives of chiefs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titles+and+Forms+of+Address&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2007-01-31&rft.isbn=9781408148129&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUZKrBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlaird%2Btitle%2Bof%2Bwife%2Bof%26pg%3DPT88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/scottish-and-irish-titles/scottish-feudal-baronies">"Scottish Feudal Baronies"</a>. <i>debretts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2016</span>. <q>The use of the prefix "The Much Hon." for barons and chiefs is correct, but used only in the most formal circumstances. "Esq." is not required, and "Mr." is incorrect. Most barons and lairds of old Scottish families prefer the unadorned name and territorial designation – Ian Shand of Pitscot – similar to the "de" or "von" of Continental families...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=debretts.com&rft.atitle=Scottish+Feudal+Baronies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fscottish-and-irish-titles%2Fscottish-feudal-baronies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1872" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, Charles (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sVpBAQAAMAAJ&q=The+much+honoured+glen&pg=PA383">"Monuments and Monumental Inscriptions in Scotland, Volume 2 – Parish of Urquhart and Glenmoriston"</a>. Grampian Club. p. 383<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monuments+and+Monumental+Inscriptions+in+Scotland%2C+Volume+2+%E2%80%93+Parish+of+Urquhart+and+Glenmoriston&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Grampian+Club&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsVpBAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DThe%2Bmuch%2Bhonoured%2Bglen%26pg%3DPA383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsbarons.org/male_heir.htm">"The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland: Male Heir"</a>. scotsbarons.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Convention+of+The+Baronage+of+Scotland%3A+Male+Heir&rft.pub=scotsbarons.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsbarons.org%2Fmale_heir.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury_Publishing2016" class="citation news cs1">Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10jOCwAAQBAJ&q=courtesy+title+the+younger++bloomsbury&pg=PA18">"Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses"</a>. <i>Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472924346" title="Special:BookSources/9781472924346"><bdi>9781472924346</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>. <q>The heirs of chiefs, chieftains and lairds are addressed in writing with the distinction "the younger" before or after the territorial designation...all unmarried daughters use the (territorial) title...It is not the custom for younger sons of a chief, chieftain or laird to use either the "Younger" or the territorial titles</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Titles+and+Forms+of+Address%3A+A+Guide+to+Correct+Use&rft.atitle=Scottish+Clans+and+Territorial+Houses&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781472924346&rft.au=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10jOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcourtesy%2Btitle%2Bthe%2Byounger%2B%2Bbloomsbury%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/scottish-and-irish-titles/scottish-feudal-baronies">"Scottish Feudal Baronies"</a>. <i>debretts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=debretts.com&rft.atitle=Scottish+Feudal+Baronies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fscottish-and-irish-titles%2Fscottish-feudal-baronies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/scottish-and-irish-titles/scottish-feudal-baronies">"Scottish Feudal Baronies"</a>. <i>debretts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=debretts.com&rft.atitle=Scottish+Feudal+Baronies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fscottish-and-irish-titles%2Fscottish-feudal-baronies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury_Publishing2016" class="citation news cs1">Bloomsbury Publishing (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10jOCwAAQBAJ&q=courtesy+title+the+younger++bloomsbury&pg=PA18">"Scottish Clans and Territorial Houses"</a>. <i>Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing – April 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472924346" title="Special:BookSources/9781472924346"><bdi>9781472924346</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Titles+and+Forms+of+Address%3A+A+Guide+to+Correct+Use&rft.atitle=Scottish+Clans+and+Territorial+Houses&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781472924346&rft.au=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10jOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcourtesy%2Btitle%2Bthe%2Byounger%2B%2Bbloomsbury%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette59746" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/59746/page/6177">"Warrants Under the Royal Sign Manual"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. No. 59746. 1 April 2011. pp. <span class="nowrap">6177–</span>6178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=Warrants+Under+the+Royal+Sign+Manual&rft.issue=59746&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6177-%3C%2Fspan%3E6178&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F59746%2Fpage%2F6177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourt.uk/docs/pr_1013.pdf">"Press release: Courtesy titles for Justices of the Supreme Court"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a>. 13 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+release%3A+Courtesy+titles+for+Justices+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.uk%2Fdocs%2Fpr_1013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uksc-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uksc_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourt.uk/docs/pr_1013.pdf">"Courtesy titles for Justices of the Supreme Court"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a>. 13 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Courtesy+titles+for+Justices+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.uk%2Fdocs%2Fpr_1013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095724299">"Doctor"</a>. <i>Oxford Reference</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=Doctor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095724299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcvs.org.uk/news-and-events/news/uk-veterinary-surgeons-to-use-courtesy-doctor-title/">"UK veterinary surgeons to use courtesy 'Doctor' title"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Veterinary_Surgeons" title="Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons">Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons</a>. 6 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+veterinary+surgeons+to+use+courtesy+%27Doctor%27+title&rft.pub=Royal+College+of+Veterinary+Surgeons&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcvs.org.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2Fuk-veterinary-surgeons-to-use-courtesy-doctor-title%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcvs.org.uk/setting-standards/advice-and-guidance/code-of-professional-conduct-for-veterinary-surgeons/pdf/">"RCVS Code of Professional Conduct"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930101933/https://www.rcvs.org.uk/setting-standards/advice-and-guidance/code-of-professional-conduct-for-veterinary-surgeons/pdf/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCVS+Code+of+Professional+Conduct&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcvs.org.uk%2Fsetting-standards%2Fadvice-and-guidance%2Fcode-of-professional-conduct-for-veterinary-surgeons%2Fpdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifsma.org/tempannounce/captain.html">"The Courtesy Title of "Captain"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Courtesy+Title+of+%22Captain%22&rft.pub=International+Federation+of+Shipmasters%27+Associations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifsma.org%2Ftempannounce%2Fcaptain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/captain-military-and-maritime-service-rank#ref755719">"Captain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Captain&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fcaptain-military-and-maritime-service-rank%23ref755719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourtesy+titles+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Montague-Smith, P. (editor). (1979). <i>Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905-64920-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905-64920-7">978-0-905-64920-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/courtesy-titles">"Courtesy Titles"</a> – <i>Debrett's</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burkes-peerage.net/sites/peerage/sitepages/page66b.asp">Glossary of <i>Burke's Peerage and Baronetage</i> – Courtesy title</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/societies/cuhags/info/r_w_prec.htm#abergavenny">Royal Warrants of Precedence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siliconglen.com/usability/courtesytitles.html">Use of courtesy titles by the Associated Press and on webforms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laura.chinet.com/html/titles05.html">Courtesy Titles</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1275016556">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1275016556</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Courtesy_titles" title="Category:Courtesy titles">Courtesy titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Titles in the United Kingdom">Titles in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Honorifics_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Honorifics in the United Kingdom">Honorifics in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Etiquette" title="Category:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Peerages in the United Kingdom">Peerages in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2014">Use dmy dates from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_August_2014" title="Category:Use British English from August 2014">Use British English from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 February 2025, at 16:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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