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muscles.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pneumatic muscles."> <meta name="keywords" content="pneumatic muscles."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pneumatic muscles."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 97</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pneumatic muscles.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Study Concerning the Energy-to-Mass Ratio in Pneumatic Muscles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tudor%20Deaconescu">Tudor Deaconescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andrea%20Deaconescu"> Andrea Deaconescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The utilization of pneumatic muscles in the actuation of industrial systems is still in its early stages, hence studies on the constructive solutions which include an assessment of their functional performance with a focus on one of the most important characteristics-energy efficiency are required. A quality indicator that adequately reflects the energy efficiency of an actuator is the energy-to-mass ratio. This ratio is computed in the paper for various types and sizes of pneumatic muscles manufactured by Festo, and is subsequently compared to the similar ratios determined for two categories of pneumatic cylinders.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pneumatic%20cylinders" title="Pneumatic cylinders">Pneumatic cylinders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles" title=" pneumatic muscles"> pneumatic muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy-to-mass%20ratio" title=" energy-to-mass ratio"> energy-to-mass ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle%20stroke." title=" muscle stroke. "> muscle stroke. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/study-concerning-the-energy-to-mass-ratio-in-pneumatic-muscles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Design and Evaluation of a Pneumatic Muscle Actuated Gripper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tudor%20Deaconescu">Tudor Deaconescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andrea%20Deaconescu"> Andrea Deaconescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Deployment of pneumatic muscles in various industrial applications is still in its early days, considering the relative newness of these components. The field of robotics holds particular future potential for pneumatic muscles, especially in view of their specific behaviour known as compliance. The paper presents and discusses an innovative constructive solution for a gripper system mountable on an industrial robot, based on actuation by a linear pneumatic muscle and transmission of motion by gear and rack mechanism. The structural, operational and constructive models of the new gripper are presented, along with some of the experimental results obtained subsequently to the testing of a prototype. Further presented are two control variants of the gripper system, one by means of a 3/2-way fast-switching solenoid valve, the other by means of a proportional pressure regulator. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for both variants.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gripper%20system" title="Gripper system">Gripper system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscle" title=" pneumatic muscle"> pneumatic muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structural%0D%0Amodeling." title=" structural modeling."> structural modeling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/design-and-evaluation-of-a-pneumatic-muscle-actuated-gripper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2628</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Control of an Asymmetrical Design of a Pneumatically Actuated Ambidextrous Robot Hand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emre%20Aky%C3%BCrek">Emre Akyürek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anthony%20Huynh"> Anthony Huynh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tatiana%20Kalganova"> Tatiana Kalganova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The Ambidextrous Robot Hand is a robotic device with the purpose to mimic either the gestures of a right or a left hand. The symmetrical behavior of its fingers allows them to bend in one way or another keeping a compliant and anthropomorphic shape. However, in addition to gestures they can reproduce on both sides, an asymmetrical mechanical design with a three tendons routing has been engineered to reduce the number of actuators. As a consequence, control algorithms must be adapted to drive efficiently the ambidextrous fingers from one position to another and to include grasping features. These movements are controlled by pneumatic muscles, which are nonlinear actuators. As their elasticity constantly varies when they are under actuation, the length of pneumatic muscles and the force they provide may differ for a same value of pressurized air. The control algorithms introduced in this paper take both the fingers asymmetrical design and the pneumatic muscles nonlinearity into account to permit an accurate control of the Ambidextrous Robot Hand. The finger motion is achieved by combining a classic PID controller with a phase plane switching control that turns the gain constants into dynamic values. The grasping ability is made possible because of a sliding mode control that makes the fingers adapt to the shape of an object before strengthening their positions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ambidextrous%20hand" title="Ambidextrous hand">Ambidextrous hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intelligent%20algorithms" title=" intelligent algorithms"> intelligent algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20actuators" title=" nonlinear actuators"> nonlinear actuators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles" title=" pneumatic muscles"> pneumatic muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=robotics" title=" robotics"> robotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sliding%20control." title=" sliding control."> sliding control.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/control-of-an-asymmetrical-design-of-a-pneumatically-actuated-ambidextrous-robot-hand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> UTHM Hand: Mechanics Behind The Dexterous Anthropomorphic Hand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amran%20Mohd%20Zaid">Amran Mohd Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Atif%20Yaqub"> M. Atif Yaqub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Rizal%20Arshad"> Mohd Rizal Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md%20Saidin%20Wahab"> Md Saidin Wahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A multi fingered dexterous anthropomorphic hand is being developed by the authors. The focus of the hand is the replacement of human operators in hazardous environments and also in environments where zero tolerance is observed for the human errors. The robotic hand will comprise of five fingers (four fingers and one thumb) each having four degrees of freedom (DOF) which can perform flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and also circumduction. For the actuation purpose pneumatic muscles and springs will be used. The paper exemplifies the mechanical design for the robotic hand. It also describes different mechanical designs that have been developed before date. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robotic%20hand" title="Robotic hand">Robotic hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-fingered%20hand" title=" Multi-fingered hand"> Multi-fingered hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dextrous%20hand" title=" dextrous hand"> dextrous hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anthropomorphic%20hand" title="anthropomorphic hand">anthropomorphic hand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles." title=" pneumatic muscles."> pneumatic muscles.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/uthm-hand-mechanics-behind-the-dexterous-anthropomorphic-hand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Development of a Novel Pneumatic Hybrid Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu-Ta%20Shen">Yu-Ta Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yean-Ren%20Hwang"> Yean-Ren Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although electrical motors are still the main devices used in vehicular exhaust comprises more than 95 percent of the air pollution in Taiwan's largest city, Taipei. On average, all commuters in Taipei travel 13.6 km daily, while motorcycle commuters travel 12.2 km. The convenience and mobility of motorcycles makes them irreplaceable in Taiwan city traffic but they add significantly to air pollution problems. In order to improve air pollution conditions, some new types of vehicles have been proposed, such as fuel cell driven and hybrid energy vehicles. In this study, we develop a model pneumatic hybrid motorcycle system and simulate its acceleration and mileage (km/L) performance. The results show that the pneumatic hybrid motorcycle can improve efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vehicular" title="vehicular">vehicular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exhaust" title=" exhaust"> exhaust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic" title=" pneumatic"> pneumatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=motorcycle" title=" motorcycle"> motorcycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/development-of-a-novel-pneumatic-hybrid-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2057</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Modular Hybrid Robots for Safe Human-Robot Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Radojicic">J. Radojicic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Surdilovic"> D. Surdilovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Schreck"> G. Schreck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The paper considers a novel modular and intrinsically safe redundant robotic system with biologically inspired actuators (pneumatic artificial muscles and rubber bellows actuators). Similarly to the biological systems, the stiffness of the internal parallel modules, representing 2 DOF joints in the serial robotic chains, is controlled by co-activation of opposing redundant actuator groups in the null-space of the module Jacobian, without influencing the actual robot position. The decoupled position/stiffness control allows the realization of variable joint stiffness according to different force-displacement relationships. The variable joint stiffness, as well as limited pneumatic muscle/bellows force ability, ensures internal system safety that is crucial for development of human-friendly robots intended for human-robot collaboration. The initial experiments with the system prototype demonstrate the capabilities of independently, simultaneously controlling both joint (Cartesian) motion and joint stiffness. The paper also presents the possible industrial applications of snake-like robots built using the new modules.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bellows%20actuator" title="bellows actuator">bellows actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=human-robot%20interaction" title=" human-robot interaction"> human-robot interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hyper%20redundant%20robot" title=" hyper redundant robot"> hyper redundant robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscle." title=" pneumatic muscle."> pneumatic muscle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/modular-hybrid-robots-for-safe-human-robot-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2004</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> The Analysis of Two-Phase Jet in Pneumatic Powder Injection into Liquid Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Jezierski">J. Jezierski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Janerka"> K. Janerka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The results of the two-phase gas-solid jet in pneumatic powder injection process analysis were presented in the paper. The researches were conducted on model set-up with high speed camera jet movement recording. Then the recorded material was analyzed to estimate main particles movement parameters. The values obtained from this direct measurement were compared to those calculated with the use of the well-known formulas for the two-phase flows (pneumatic conveying). Moreover, they were compared to experimental results previously achieved by authors. The analysis led to conclusions which to some extent changed the assumptions used even by authors, regarding the two-phase jet in pneumatic powder injection process. Additionally, the visual analysis of the recorded clips supplied data to make a more complete evaluation of the jet behavior in the lance outlet than before. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=injection%20lance" title="injection lance">injection lance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=liquid%20metal" title=" liquid metal"> liquid metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=powder%20injection" title=" powder injection"> powder injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slip%0Avelocity" title=" slip velocity"> slip velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-phase%20jet" title=" two-phase jet"> two-phase jet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/the-analysis-of-two-phase-jet-in-pneumatic-powder-injection-into-liquid-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Porous Particles Drying in a Vertical Upward Pneumatic Conveying Dryer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samy%20M.%20El-Behery">Samy M. El-Behery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20A.%20El-Askary"> W. A. El-Askary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ibrahim"> K. A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mofreh%20H.%20Hamed"> Mofreh H. Hamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A steady two-phase flow model has been developed to simulate the drying process of porous particle in a pneumatic conveying dryer. The model takes into account the momentum, heat and mass transfer between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase. A single particle model was employed to calculate the evaporation rate. In this model the pore structure is simplified to allow the dominant evaporation mechanism to be readily identified at all points within the duct. The predominant mechanism at any time depends upon the pressure, temperature and the diameter of pore from which evaporating is occurring. The model was validated against experimental studies of pneumatic transport at low and high speeds as well as pneumatic drying. The effects of operating conditions on the dryer parameters are studied numerically. The present results show that the drying rate is enhanced as the inlet gas temperature and the gas flow rate increase and as the solid mass flow rate deceases. The present results also demonstrate the necessity of measuring the inlet gas velocity or the solid concentration in any experimental analysis.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Two-phase" title="Two-phase">Two-phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas-solid" title=" gas-solid"> gas-solid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20drying" title=" pneumatic drying"> pneumatic drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%0D%0Aconveying" title=" pneumatic conveying"> pneumatic conveying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20and%20mass%20transfer" title=" heat and mass transfer"> heat and mass transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/porous-particles-drying-in-a-vertical-upward-pneumatic-conveying-dryer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Gaits Stability Analysis for a Pneumatic Quadruped Robot Using Reinforcement Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soofiyan%20Atar">Soofiyan Atar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adil%20Shaikh"> Adil Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sahil%20Rajpurkar"> Sahil Rajpurkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pragnesh%20Bhalala"> Pragnesh Bhalala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aniket%20Desai"> Aniket Desai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irfan%20Siddavatam"> Irfan Siddavatam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) algorithms leverage the symbolic power of complex controllers by automating it by mapping sensory inputs to low-level actions. Deep RL eliminates the complex robot dynamics with minimal engineering. Deep RL provides high-risk involvement by directly implementing it in real-world scenarios and also high sensitivity towards hyperparameters. Tuning of hyperparameters on a pneumatic quadruped robot becomes very expensive through trial-and-error learning. This paper presents an automated learning control for a pneumatic quadruped robot using sample efficient deep Q learning, enabling minimal tuning and very few trials to learn the neural network. Long training hours may degrade the pneumatic cylinder due to jerk actions originated through stochastic weights. We applied this method to the pneumatic quadruped robot, which resulted in a hopping gait. In our process, we eliminated the use of a simulator and acquired a stable gait. This approach evolves so that the resultant gait matures more sturdy towards any stochastic changes in the environment. We further show that our algorithm performed very well as compared to programmed gait using robot dynamics.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=model-based%20reinforcement%20learning" title="model-based reinforcement learning">model-based reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gait%20stability" title=" gait stability"> gait stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=supervised%20learning" title=" supervised learning"> supervised learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20quadruped" title=" pneumatic quadruped"> pneumatic quadruped</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/gaits-stability-analysis-for-a-pneumatic-quadruped-robot-using-reinforcement-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">591</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Forward Speed and Draught Requirement of a Semi-Automatic Cassava Planter under Different Wheel Usage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20O.%20Ale">M. O. Ale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20I.%20Manuwa"> S. I. Manuwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20J.%20Olukunle"> O. J. Olukunle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Ewetumo"> T. Ewetumo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Five varying speeds of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.3 and 2.6 km/h were used at a constant soil depth of 100 mm to determine the effects of forward speed on the draught requirement of a semi-automatic cassava planter under pneumatic wheel and rigid wheel usage on a well-prepared sandy clay loam soil. The soil draught was electronically measured using an on-the-go soil draught measuring instrumentation system developed for the purpose of this research. The results showed an exponential relationship between forward speed and draught in which draught ranging between 24.91 and 744.44 N increased with an increase in forward speed in the rigid wheel experiment. This is contrary to the polynomial relationship observed in the pneumatic wheel experiment in which the draught varied between 96.09 and 343.53 N. It was observed in the experiments that the optimum speed of 1.5 km/h had the least values of draught in both the pneumatic wheel and rigid wheel experiments with higher values in the pneumatic experiment. It was generally noted that the rigid wheel planter with the less value of draught requires less energy requirement for operation. It is therefore concluded that operating the semi-automatic cassava planter with rigid wheels will be more economical for cassava farmers than operating the planter with pneumatic wheels. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cassava%20planter" title="Cassava planter">Cassava planter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=planting" title=" planting"> planting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=forward%20speed" title=" forward speed"> forward speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=draught" title=" draught"> draught</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wheel%20type." title=" wheel type."> wheel type.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/forward-speed-and-draught-requirement-of-a-semi-automatic-cassava-planter-under-different-wheel-usage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Predictive Functional Control with Disturbance Observer for Tendon-Driven Balloon Actuator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jun-ya%20Nagase">Jun-ya Nagase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Toshiyuki%20Satoh"> Toshiyuki Satoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norihiko%20Saga"> Norihiko Saga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Koichi%20Suzumori"> Koichi Suzumori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">In recent years, Japanese society has been aging, engendering a labor shortage of young workers. Robots are therefore expected to perform tasks such as rehabilitation, nursing elderly people, and day-to-day work support for elderly people. The pneumatic balloon actuator is a rubber artificial muscle developed for use in a robot hand in such environments. This actuator has a long stroke and a high power-to-weight ratio compared with the present pneumatic artificial muscle. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of this actuator resemble those of human muscle. This study evaluated characteristics of force control of balloon actuator using a predictive functional control (PFC) system with disturbance observer. The predictive functional control is a model-based predictive control (MPC) scheme that predicts the future outputs of the actual plants over the prediction horizon and computes the control effort over the control horizon at every sampling instance. For this study, a 1-link finger system using a pneumatic balloon actuator is developed. Then experiments of PFC control with disturbance observer are performed. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of its control of a pneumatic balloon actuator for a robot hand.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Disturbance%20observer" title="Disturbance observer">Disturbance observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pneumatic%20balloon" title=" Pneumatic balloon"> Pneumatic balloon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Predictive%20functional%20control" title=" Predictive functional control"> Predictive functional control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rubber%20artificial%20muscle." title=" Rubber artificial muscle."> Rubber artificial muscle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/predictive-functional-control-with-disturbance-observer-for-tendon-driven-balloon-actuator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Mobile Engine-Driven Pneumatic Paddy Collector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sony%20P.%20Aquino">Sony P. Aquino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helen%20F.%20Gavino"> Helen F. Gavino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Victorino%20T.%20Taylan"> Victorino T. Taylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Teresito%20G.%20Aguinaldo"> Teresito G. Aguinaldo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A simple mobile engine-driven pneumatic paddy collector made of locally available materials using local manufacturing technology was designed, fabricated, and tested for collecting and bagging of paddy dried on concrete pavement. The pneumatic paddy collector had the following major components: radial flat bladed type centrifugal fan, power transmission system, bagging area, frame and the conveyance system. Results showed significant differences on the collecting capacity, noise level, and fuel consumption when rotational speed of the air mover shaft was varied. Other parameters such as collecting efficiency, air velocity, augmented cracked grain percentage, and germination rate were not significantly affected by varying rotational speed of the air mover shaft. The pneumatic paddy collector had a collecting efficiency of 99.33 % with a collecting capacity of 2685.00 kg/h at maximum rotational speed of centrifugal fan shaft of about 4200 rpm. The machine entailed an investment cost of P 62,829.25. The break-even weight of paddy was 510,606.75 kg/yr at a collecting cost of 0.11 P/kg of paddy. Utilizing the machine for 400 hours per year generated an income of P 23,887.73. The projected time needed to recover cost of the machine based on 2685 kg/h collecting capacity was 2.63 year.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mobile%20engine-driven%20pneumatic%20paddy%20collector" title="Mobile engine-driven pneumatic paddy collector">Mobile engine-driven pneumatic paddy collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=collecting%20capacity%20and%20efficiency" title=" collecting capacity and efficiency"> collecting capacity and efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simple%20cost%20analysis." title=" simple cost analysis."> simple cost analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/design-fabrication-and-performance-evaluation-of-mobile-engine-driven-pneumatic-paddy-collector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Prediction of Oxygen Transfer and Gas Hold-Up in Pneumatic Bioreactors Containing Viscous Newtonian Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Caroline%20E.%20Mendes">Caroline E. Mendes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alberto%20C.%20Badino"> Alberto C. Badino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Pneumatic reactors have been widely employed in various sectors of the chemical industry, especially where are required high heat and mass transfer rates. This study aimed to obtain correlations that allow the prediction of gas hold-up (Ԑ) and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k<sub>L</sub>a), and compare these values, for three models of pneumatic reactors on two scales utilizing Newtonian fluids. Values of k<sub>L</sub>a were obtained using the dynamic pressure-step method, while e was used for a new proposed measure. Comparing the three models of reactors studied, it was observed that the mass transfer was superior to draft-tube airlift, reaching e of 0.173 and k<sub>L</sub>a of 0.00904s<sup>-1</sup>. All correlations showed good fit to the experimental data (R<sup>2</sup>≥94%), and comparisons with correlations from the literature demonstrate the need for further similar studies due to shortage of data available, mainly for airlift reactors and high viscosity fluids.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bubble%20column" title="Bubble column">Bubble column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=internal%20loop%20airlift" title=" internal loop airlift"> internal loop airlift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas%20hold-up" title=" gas hold-up"> gas hold-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kLa." title=" kLa."> kLa.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/prediction-of-oxygen-transfer-and-gas-hold-up-in-pneumatic-bioreactors-containing-viscous-newtonian-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Identification of Individual Objects at the Intelligent Assembly Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ru%C5%BEarovsk%C3%BD">Ružarovský</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roman"> Roman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dani%C5%A1ov%C3%A1"> Danišová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nina"> Nina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vel%C3%AD%C5%A1ek"> Velíšek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Karol"> Karol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this contribution is presented a complex design of individual objects identification in the workplace of intelligent assembly cell. Intelligent assembly cell is situated at Institute of Manufacturing Systems and Applied Mechanics and is used for pneumatic actuator assembly. Pneumatic actuator components are pneumatic roller, cover, piston and spring. Two identification objects alternatives for assembly are designed in the workplace of industrial robot. In the contribution is evaluated and selected suitable alternative for identification – 2D codes reader. The complex design of individual object identification is going out of intelligent manufacturing systems knowledge. Intelligent assembly and manufacturing systems as systems of new generation are gradually loaded in to the mechanical production, when they are removeing human operation out of production process and they also short production times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=system" title="system">system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cell" title=" cell"> cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intelligent" title=" intelligent"> intelligent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanics" title=" mechanics"> mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=device" title=" device"> device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/identification-of-individual-objects-at-the-intelligent-assembly-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Electromyographic Activity of the Medial Gastrocnemius and Lateral Gastrocnemius Muscle during Salat-s and Specific Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20K.%20M.%20Safee">M. K. M. Safee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20A.%20B.%20Wan%20Abas"> W. A. B. Wan Abas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20A.%20Abu%20Osman"> N. A. Abu Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Ibrahim"> F. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the activity of the gastrocnemius (Gas) muscle in healthy subjects during salat (ruku- position) and specific exercise [Unilateral Plantar Flexion Exercise (UPFE)] using electromyography (EMG). Both lateral and medial Gas muscles were assessed. A group of undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years voluntarily participated in this study. The myoelectric activity of the muscles were recorded and analyzed. The finding indicated that there were contractions of the muscles during the salat and exercise with almost same EMG-s level. From the result, Wilcoxon-s Rank Sum test showed no significant difference between ruku- and UPFE for both medial (p=0.082) and lateral (p=0.226) of GAS muscles. Therefore, salat may be useful in strengthening exercise and also in rehabilitation programs for lower limb activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electromyography" title="Electromyography">Electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=salat" title=" salat"> salat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle." title=" muscle."> muscle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/electromyographic-activity-of-the-medial-gastrocnemius-and-lateral-gastrocnemius-muscle-during-salat-s-and-specific-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Accurate Control of a Pneumatic System using an Innovative Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Pattern</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20G.%20Papoutsidakis">M. G. Papoutsidakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Chamilothoris"> G. Chamilothoris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Dailami"> F. Dailami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Larsen"> N. Larsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A%20Pipe"> A Pipe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to their high power-to-weight ratio and low cost, pneumatic actuators are attractive for robotics and automation applications; however, achieving fast and accurate control of their position have been known as a complex control problem. A methodology for obtaining high position accuracy with a linear pneumatic actuator is presented. During experimentation with a number of PID classical control approaches over many operations of the pneumatic system, the need for frequent manual re-tuning of the controller could not be eliminated. The reason for this problem is thermal and energy losses inside the cylinder body due to the complex friction forces developed by the piston displacements. Although PD controllers performed very well over short periods, it was necessary in our research project to introduce some form of automatic gain-scheduling to achieve good long-term performance. We chose a fuzzy logic system to do this, which proved to be an easily designed and robust approach. Since the PD approach showed very good behaviour in terms of position accuracy and settling time, it was incorporated into a modified form of the 1st order Tagaki- Sugeno fuzzy method to build an overall controller. This fuzzy gainscheduler uses an input variable which automatically changes the PD gain values of the controller according to the frequency of repeated system operations. Performance of the new controller was significantly improved and the need for manual re-tuning was eliminated without a decrease in performance. The performance of the controller operating with the above method is going to be tested through a high-speed web network (GRID) for research purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20logic" title="Fuzzy logic">Fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gain%20scheduling" title=" gain scheduling"> gain scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=leaky%20integrator" title=" leaky integrator"> leaky integrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20actuator." title="pneumatic actuator.">pneumatic actuator.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/accurate-control-of-a-pneumatic-system-using-an-innovative-fuzzy-gain-scheduling-pattern" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1750</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> PSO Based Weight Selection and Fixed Structure Robust Loop Shaping Control for Pneumatic Servo System with 2DOF Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Randeep%20Kaur">Randeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jyoti%20Ohri"> Jyoti Ohri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper proposes a new technique to design a fixed-structure robust loop shaping controller for the pneumatic servosystem. In this paper, a new method based on a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for tuning the weighting function parameters to design an H∞ controller is presented. The PSO algorithm is used to minimize the infinity norm of the transfer function of the nominal closed loop system to obtain the optimal parameters of the weighting functions. The optimal stability margin is used as an objective in PSO for selecting the optimal weighting parameters; it is shown that the proposed method can simplify the design procedure of H∞ control to obtain optimal robust controller for pneumatic servosystem. In addition, the order of the proposed controller is much lower than that of the conventional robust loop shaping controller, making it easy to implement in practical works. Also two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) control design procedure is proposed to improve tracking performance in the face of noise and disturbance. Result of simulations demonstrates the advantages of the proposed controller in terms of simple structure and robustness against plant perturbations and disturbances.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robust%20control" title="Robust control">Robust control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pneumatic%20Servosystem" title=" Pneumatic Servosystem"> Pneumatic Servosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PSO" title=" PSO"> PSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H%E2%88%9E%0D%0Acontrol" title=" H∞ control"> H∞ control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=2DOF." title=" 2DOF."> 2DOF.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/pso-based-weight-selection-and-fixed-structure-robust-loop-shaping-control-for-pneumatic-servo-system-with-2dof-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Dynamic Performances of Tubular Linear Induction Motor for Pneumatic Capsule Pipeline System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wisuwat%20Plodpradista">Wisuwat Plodpradista</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Tubular linear induction motor (TLIM) can be used as a capsule pump in a large pneumatic capsule pipeline (PCP) system. Parametric performance evaluation of the designed 1-meter diameter PCP-TLIM system yields encouraging results for practical implementation. The capsule thrust and speed inside the TLIM pump can be calculated from the combination of the PCP fluid mechanics and the TLIM equations. The TLIM equivalent circuits derived from those of the conventional three-phase induction motor are used as a model to predict the static test results of a small-scale PCP-TLIM system. In this paper, additional dynamic tests are performed on the same small-scale PCP-TLIM system with two capsules of different diameters. The behaviors of the capsule inside the pump are observed and analyzed. The dynamic performances from the dynamic tests are compared with the theoretical predictions based on the TLIM equivalent circuit model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pneumatic%20capsule%20pipeline" title="Pneumatic capsule pipeline">Pneumatic capsule pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tubular%20linear%20induction%0D%0Amotor" title=" Tubular linear induction motor"> Tubular linear induction motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/dynamic-performances-of-tubular-linear-induction-motor-for-pneumatic-capsule-pipeline-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2090</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Electromyography Activity of the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris Muscles during Prostration and Squat Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Safee%20M.%20K.">Mohd Safee M. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20Abas%20W.%20A.%20B"> Wan Abas W. A. B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20F."> Ibrahim F.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Osman%20N.%20A."> Abu Osman N. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Malik%20N.%20A."> Abdul Malik N. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper investigates the activity of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) in healthy subjects during salat (prostration) and specific exercise (squat exercise) using electromyography (EMG). A group of undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years voluntarily participated in this study. The myoelectric activity of the muscles were recorded and analyzed. The finding indicated that there were contractions of the muscles during the salat and exercise with almost same EMG’s level. From the result, Wilcoxon’s Rank Sum test showed significant difference between prostration and squat exercise (p<0.05) but the differences was very small; RF (8.63%MVC) and BF (11.43%MVC). Therefore, salat may be useful in strengthening exercise and also in rehabilitation programs for lower limb activities. This pilot study conducted initial research into the biomechanical responses of human muscles in various positions of salat.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electromyography" title="Electromyography">Electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=salat." title=" salat."> salat.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/electromyography-activity-of-the-rectus-femoris-and-biceps-femoris-muscles-during-prostration-and-squat-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Workstation Design Based On Ergonomics in Animal Feed Packing Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pirutchada%20Musigapong">Pirutchada Musigapong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wantanee%20Phanprasit"> Wantanee Phanprasit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The intention of this study to design the probability optimized sewing sack-s workstation based on ergonomics for productivity improvement and decreasing musculoskeletal disorders. The physical dimensions of two workers were using to design the new workstation. The physical dimensions are (1) sitting height, (2) mid shoulder height sitting, (3) shoulder breadth, (4) knee height, (5) popliteal height, (6) hip breadth and (7) buttock-knee length. The 5th percentile of buttock knee length sitting (51 cm), the 50th percentile of mid shoulder height sitting (62 cm) and the 95th percentile of popliteal height (43 cm) and hip breadth (45 cm) applied to design the workstation for sewing sack-s operator and the others used to adjust the components of this workstation. The risk assessment by RULA before and after using the probability optimized workstation were 7 and 7 scores and REBA scores were 11 and 5, respectively. Body discomfort-abnormal index was used to assess muscle fatigue of operators before adjustment workstation found that neck muscles, arm muscles area, muscles on the back and the lower back muscles fatigue. Therefore, the extension and flexion exercise was applied to relief musculoskeletal stresses. The workers exercised 15 minutes before the beginning and the end of work for 5 days. After that, the capability of flexion and extension muscles- workers were increasing in 3 muscles (arm, leg, and back muscles).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Animal%20feed" title="Animal feed">Animal feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anthropometry" title=" anthropometry"> anthropometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sewing%20sack" title=" sewing sack"> sewing sack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=workstation%20design." title=" workstation design."> workstation design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/workstation-design-based-on-ergonomics-in-animal-feed-packing-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Auto-Selective Three Term Control of Position and Compliance of a Pneumatic Actuator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20G.%20Papoutsidakis">M. G. Papoutsidakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Chamilothoris"> G. Chamilothoris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A%20Pipe"> A Pipe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Due to their high power-to-weight ratio and low cost, pneumatic actuators are attractive for robotics and automation applications; however, achieving fast and accurate control of their position have been known as a complex control problem. The paper presents a methodology for obtaining controllers that achieve high position accuracy and preserve the closed-loop characteristics over a broad operating range. Experimentation with a number of conventional (or "classical") three-term controllers shows that, as repeated operations accumulate, the characteristics of the pneumatic actuator change requiring frequent re-tuning of the controller parameters (PID gains). Furthermore, three-term controllers are found to perform poorly in recovering the closed-loop system after the application of load or other external disturbances. The key reason for these problems lies in the non-linear exchange of energy inside the cylinder relating, in particular, to the complex friction forces that develop on the piston-wall interface. In order to overcome this problem but still remain within the boundaries of classical control methods, we designed an auto selective classicaql controller so that the system performance would benefit from all three control gains (KP, Kd, Ki) according to system requirements and the characteristics of each type of controller. This challenging experimentation took place for consistent performance in the face of modelling imprecision and disturbances. In the work presented, a selective PID controller is presented for an experimental rig comprising an air cylinder driven by a variable-opening pneumatic valve and equipped with position and pressure sensors. The paper reports on tests carried out to investigate the capability of this specific controller to achieve consistent control performance under, repeated operations and other changes in operating conditions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Classical%20selective%20controller" title="Classical selective controller">Classical selective controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=long-termexperimentation" title=" long-termexperimentation"> long-termexperimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20actuator" title=" pneumatic actuator"> pneumatic actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=position%20accuracy." title=" position accuracy."> position accuracy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/auto-selective-three-term-control-of-position-and-compliance-of-a-pneumatic-actuator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1939</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Dry Needling Treatment in 38 Cases of Chronic Sleep Disturbance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Gao">P. Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Q.%20Li"> Z. Q. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20G.%20Jin"> Y. G. Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the past 10 years, computers and cellphones have become one of the most important factors in our lives, and one which has a tremendously negative impact on our muscles. Muscle tension may be one of the causes of sleep disturbance. Tension in the shoulders and neck can affect blood circulation to the muscles. This research uses a dry needling treatment to reduce muscle tension in order to determine if the strain in the head and shoulders can influence sleep duration. All 38 patients taking part in the testing suffered from tinnitus and have been experiencing disturbed sleep for at least one to five years. Even after undergoing drug therapy treatments and traditional acupuncture therapies, their sleep disturbances have not shown any improvement. After five to 10 dry needling treatments, 24 of the patients reported an improvement in their sleep duration. Five patients considered themselves to be completely recovered, while 12 patients experienced no improvement. This study investigated these pathogenic and therapeutic problems. The standard treatment for sleep disturbances is drug-based therapy; the results of most standard treatments are unfortunately negative. The result of this clinical research has demonstrated that: The possible cause of sleep disturbance for a lot of patients is the result of tensions in the neck and shoulder muscles. Blood circulation to those muscles is also influenced by the duration of sleep. Hypertonic neck and shoulder muscles are considered to impact sleeping patterns and lead to disturbed sleep. Poor posture, often adopted while speaking on the phone, is one of the main causes of hypertonic neck and shoulder muscle problems. The dry needling treatment specifically focuses on the release of muscle tension.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dry%20needling" title="Dry needling">Dry needling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sleep%20disturbance" title=" sleep disturbance"> sleep disturbance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sleep%20duration" title=" sleep duration"> sleep duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle%20tension" title=" muscle tension"> muscle tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trigger%20points." title=" trigger points."> trigger points.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/dry-needling-treatment-in-38-cases-of-chronic-sleep-disturbance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Trunk and Gluteus-Medius Muscles’ Fatigability during Occupational Standing in Clinical Instructors with Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eman%20A.%20Embaby">Eman A. Embaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amira%20A.%20A.%20Abdallah"> Amira A. A. Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Background: Occupational standing is associated with low back pain (LBP) development. Yet, trunk and gluteus-medius muscles’ fatigability has not been extensively studied during occupational standing. This study examined and correlated the rectus abdominus (RA), erector-spinae (ES), external oblique (EO), and gluteus-medius (GM) muscles’ fatigability on both sides while standing in a confined area for 30min<strong> </strong>Methods: Median frequency EMG data were collected from 15 female clinical instructors with chronic LBP (group A) and 15 asymptomatic controls (group B) (mean age 29.53±2.4 vs 29.07±2.4years, weight 63.6±7 vs 60±7.8kg, and height 162.73±4 vs 162.8±6cm respectively) using a spectrum analysis program. Data were collected in the first and last 5min of the standing task. Results: Using Mixed three-way ANOVA, group A showed significantly (p<0.05) lower frequencies for the right and left ES, and right GM in the last 5min and significantly higher frequencies for the left RA in the first and last 5min than group B. In addition, the left ES and right EO, ES and GM in group B showed significantly higher frequencies and the left ES in group A showed significantly lower frequencies in the last 5min compared with the first. Moreover, the right RA showed significantly higher frequencies than the left in the last 5min in group B. Finally, there were significant (p<0.05) correlations among the median frequencies of the tested four muscles on the same side and between both sides in both groups. Discussion/Conclusions: Clinical instructors with LBP are more liable to have higher trunk and gluteus-medius muscle fatigue than asymptomatic individuals. Thus, endurance training for these muscles should be included in the rehabilitation of such patients.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EMG" title="EMG">EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigability" title=" Fatigability"> Fatigability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gluteus-medius" title=" Gluteus-medius"> Gluteus-medius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LBP" title=" LBP"> LBP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Standing" title=" Standing"> Standing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trunk." title=" Trunk."> Trunk.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/trunk-and-gluteus-medius-muscles-fatigability-during-occupational-standing-in-clinical-instructors-with-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Neural Network Control of a Biped Robot Model with Composite Adaptation Low</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Forouzantabar">Ahmad Forouzantabar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> this paper presents a novel neural network controller with composite adaptation low to improve the trajectory tracking problems of biped robots comparing with classical controller. The biped model has 5_link and 6 degrees of freedom and actuated by Plated Pneumatic Artificial Muscle, which have a very high power to weight ratio and it has large stoke compared to similar actuators. The proposed controller employ a stable neural network in to approximate unknown nonlinear functions in the robot dynamics, thereby overcoming some limitation of conventional controllers such as PD or adaptive controllers and guarantee good performance. This NN controller significantly improve the accuracy requirements by retraining the basic PD/PID loop, but adding an inner adaptive loop that allows the controller to learn unknown parameters such as friction coefficient, therefore improving tracking accuracy. Simulation results plus graphical simulation in virtual reality show that NN controller tracking performance is considerably better than PD controller tracking performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biped%20robot" title="Biped robot">Biped robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20network" title=" Neural network"> Neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Plated%20Pneumatic%20Artificial%20Muscle" title=" Plated Pneumatic Artificial Muscle"> Plated Pneumatic Artificial Muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Composite%20adaptation" title=" Composite adaptation"> Composite adaptation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/neural-network-control-of-a-biped-robot-model-with-composite-adaptation-low" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1846</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Design and Experiment of Orchard Gas Explosion Subsoiling and Fertilizer Injection Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaobo%20Xi">Xiaobo Xi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ruihong%20Zhang"> Ruihong Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>At present, the orchard ditching and fertilizing technology has a series of problems, such as easy tree roots damage, high energy consumption and uneven fertilizing. In this paper, a gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizer injection machine was designed, which used high pressure gas to shock soil body and then injected fertilizer. The drill pipe mechanism with pneumatic chipping hammer excitation and hydraulic assistance was designed to drill the soil. The operation of gas and liquid fertilizer supply was controlled by PLC system. The 3D model of the whole machine was established by using SolidWorks software. The machine prototype was produced, and field experiments were carried out. The results showed that soil fractures were created and diffused by gas explosion, and the subsoiling effect radius reached 40 cm under the condition of 0.8 MPa gas pressure and 30 cm drilling depth. What’s more, the work efficiency is 0.048 hm<sup>2</sup>/h at least. This machine could meet the agronomic requirements of orchard, garden and city greening fertilization, and the tree roots were not easily damaged and the fertilizer evenly distributed, which was conducive to nutrient absorption of root growth.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gas%20explosion%20subsoiling" title="Gas explosion subsoiling">Gas explosion subsoiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fertigation" title=" fertigation"> fertigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20chipping%20hammer%20exciting" title=" pneumatic chipping hammer exciting"> pneumatic chipping hammer exciting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soil%20compaction." title=" soil compaction."> soil compaction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/design-and-experiment-of-orchard-gas-explosion-subsoiling-and-fertilizer-injection-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">958</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> An Assessment of the Hip Muscular Imbalance for Patients with Rheumatism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anthony%20Bawa">Anthony Bawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Konstantinos%20Banitsas"> Konstantinos Banitsas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Rheumatism is a muscular disorder that affects the muscles of the upper and lower limbs. This condition could potentially progress to impair the movement of patients. This study aims to investigate the hip muscular imbalance in patients with chronic rheumatism. A clinical trial involving a total of 15 participants, made up of 10 patients and five control subjects, took place in KATH Hospital between August and September. Participants recruited for the study were of age 54 ± 8 years, weight 65 ± 8 kg, and height 176 ± 8 cm. Muscle signals were recorded from the rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis on the right and left hip of participants. The parameters used in determining the hip muscular imbalances were the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC%), the mean difference, and hip muscle fatigue levels. The mean signals were compared using a t-test, and the metrics for muscle fatigue assessment were based on the root mean square (RMS), mean absolute value (MAV) and mean frequency (MEF), which were computed between the hip muscles of participants. The results indicated that there were significant imbalances in the muscle coactivity between the right and left hip muscles of patients. The patients’ MVC values were observed to be above 10% when compared with control subjects. Furthermore, the mean difference was seen to be higher with p > 0.002 among patients, which indicated clear differences in the hip muscle contraction activities. The findings indicate significant hip muscular imbalances for patients with rheumatism compared with control subjects. Information about the imbalances among patients will be useful for clinicians in designing therapeutic muscle-strengthening exercises. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muscular" title="Muscular">Muscular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=imbalances" title=" imbalances"> imbalances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rheumatism" title=" rheumatism"> rheumatism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hip." title=" hip."> hip.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/an-assessment-of-the-hip-muscular-imbalance-for-patients-with-rheumatism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Bioarm, a Prostheses without Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Sagouis">J. Sagouis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Chamel"> A. Chamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Carre"> E. Carre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Casasreales"> C. Casasreales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Rudnik"> G. Rudnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Cerdan"> M. Cerdan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Robotics provides answers to amputees. The most expensive solutions surgically connect the prosthesis to nerve endings. There are also several types of non-invasive technologies that recover nerve messages passing through the muscles. After analyzing these messages, myoelectric prostheses perform the desired movement. The main goal is to avoid all surgeries, which can be heavy and offer cheaper alternatives. For an amputee, we use valid muscles to recover the electrical signal involved in a muscle movement. EMG sensors placed on the muscle allows us to measure a potential difference, which our program transforms into control for a robotic arm with two degrees of freedom. We have shown the feasibility of non-invasive prostheses with two degrees of freedom. Signal analysis and an increase in degrees of freedom is still being improved.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">Prosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electromyography%20%28EMG%29" title=" electromyography (EMG)"> electromyography (EMG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=robotic%20arm" title=" robotic arm"> robotic arm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nerve%20message." title=" nerve message."> nerve message.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/bioarm-a-prostheses-without-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1874</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> The Effect of Impact on the Knee Joint Due to the Shocks during Double Impact Phase of Gait Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jobin%20Varghese">Jobin Varghese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20M.%20Akhil"> V. M. Akhil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20K.%20Rajendrakumar"> P. K. Rajendrakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20S.%20Sivanandan"> K. S. Sivanandan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major contributor to the human locomotion is the knee flexion and extension. During heel strike, a huge amount of energy is transmitted through the leg towards knee joint, which in fact is damped at heel and leg muscles. During high shocks, although it is damped to a certain extent, the balance force transmits towards knee joint which could damage the knee. Due to the vital function of the knee joint, it should be protected against damage due to additional load acting on it. This work concentrates on the development of spring mass damper system which exactly replicates the stiffness at the heel and muscles and the objective function is optimized to minimize the force acting at the knee joint. Further, the data collected using force plate are put into the model to verify its integrity and are found to be in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spring" title="Spring">Spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mass" title=" mass"> mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=damper" title=" damper"> damper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knee%20joint." title=" knee joint."> knee joint.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/the-effect-of-impact-on-the-knee-joint-due-to-the-shocks-during-double-impact-phase-of-gait-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> A New Muscle Architecture Model with Non-Uniform Distribution of Muscle Fiber Types</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Javier%20Navallas">Javier Navallas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Armando%20Malanda"> Armando Malanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Luis%20Gila"> Luis Gila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Javier%20Rodriguez"> Javier Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ignacio%20Rodriguez"> Ignacio Rodriguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>According to previous studies, some muscles present a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of its muscle fiber types and motor unit types. However, available muscle models only deal with muscles with homogeneous distributions. In this paper, a new architecture muscle model is proposed to permit the construction of non-uniform distributions of muscle fibers within the muscle cross section. The idea behind is the use of a motor unit placement algorithm that controls the spatial overlapping of the motor unit territories of each motor unit type. Results show the capabilities of the new algorithm to reproduce arbitrary muscle fiber type distributions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle%20model" title="muscle model">muscle model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle%20architecture" title=" muscle architecture"> muscle architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=motor%20unit" title=" motor unit"> motor unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EMG%20simulation." title=" EMG simulation."> EMG simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/a-new-muscle-architecture-model-with-non-uniform-distribution-of-muscle-fiber-types" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Saliva Cortisol and Yawning as a Predictor of Neurological Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simon%20B.%20N.%20Thompson">Simon B. N. Thompson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cortisol is important to our immune system, regulates our stress response, and is a factor in maintaining brain temperature. Saliva cortisol is a practical and useful non-invasive measurement that signifies the presence of the important hormone. Electrical activity in the jaw muscles typically rises when the muscles are moved during yawning and the electrical level is found to be correlated with the cortisol level. In two studies using identical paradigms, a total of 108 healthy subjects were exposed to yawning-provoking stimuli so that their cortisol levels and electrical nerve impulses from their jaw muscles was recorded. Electrical activity is highly correlated with cortisol levels in healthy people. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Yawning Susceptibility Scale, General Health Questionnaire, demographic, health details were collected and exclusion criteria applied for voluntary recruitment: chronic fatigue, diabetes, fibromyalgia, heart condition, high blood pressure, hormone replacement therapy, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Significant differences were found between the saliva cortisol samples for the yawners as compared with the non-yawners between rest and post-stimuli. Significant evidence supports the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis that suggests rises in cortisol levels are associated with yawning. Ethics approval granted and professional code of conduct, confidentiality, and safety issues are approved therein.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diagnosis" title=" Diagnosis"> Diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neurological%20Disease" title=" Neurological Disease"> Neurological Disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thompson%20Cortisol%20Hypothesis" title=" Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis"> Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yawning." title=" Yawning."> Yawning.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004285/saliva-cortisol-and-yawning-as-a-predictor-of-neurological-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004285/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn 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rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004285/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1550</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles.&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles.&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles.&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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