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effects</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: crosswind effects"> <meta name="keywords" content="crosswind effects"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="crosswind effects"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10665</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: crosswind effects</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10665</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Sit-Ski Aerodynamics in Crosswind Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lev%20Chernyshev">Lev Chernyshev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekaterina%20Lieshout"> Ekaterina Lieshout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Kabaliuk"> Natalia Kabaliuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sit-skis enable individuals with limited lower limb or core movement to ski unassisted confidently. The rise in popularity of the Winter Paralympics has seen an influx of engineering innovation, especially for the Downhill and Super-Giant Slalom events, where the athletes achieve speeds as high as 160km/h. The growth in the sport has inspired recent research into sit-ski aerodynamics. Crosswinds are expected in mountain climates and, therefore, can greatly impact a skier's maneuverability and aerodynamics. This research investigates the impact of crosswinds on the drag force of a Paralympic sit-ski using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A Paralympic sit-ski with a model of a skier, a leg cover, a bucket seat, and a simplified suspension system was used for CFD analysis in ANSYS Fluent. The hybrid initialisation tool and the SST k–ω turbulence model were used with two tetrahedral mesh bodies of influence. The crosswinds (10, 30, and 50 km/h) acting perpendicular to the sit-ski's direction of travel were simulated, corresponding to the straight-line skiing speeds of 60, 80, and 100km/h. Following the initialisation, 150 iterations for both first and second order steady-state solvers were used, before switching to a transient solver with a computational time of 1.5s and a time step of 0.02s, to allow the solution to converge. CFD results were validated against wind tunnel data. The results suggested that for all crosswind and sit-ski speeds, on average, 64% of the total drag on the ski was due to the athlete's torso. The suspension was associated with the second largest overall sit-ski drag force contribution, averaging at 27%, followed by the leg cover at 10%. While the seat contributed a negligible 0.5% of the total drag force, averaging at 1.2N across the conditions studied. The effect of the crosswind increased the total drag force across all skiing speed studies, with the drag on the athlete's torso and suspension being the most sensitive to the changes in the crosswind magnitude. The effect of the crosswind on the ski drag reduced as the simulated skiing speed increased: for skiing at 60km/h, the drag force on the torso increased by 154% with the increase of the crosswind from 10km/h to 50km/h; whereas, at 100km/h the corresponding drag force increase was halved (75%). The analysis of the flow and pressure field characteristics for a sit-ski in crosswind conditions indicated the flow separation localisation and wake size correlated with the magnitude and directionality of the crosswind relative to straight-line skiing. The findings can inform aerodynamic improvements in sit-ski design and increase skiers' medalling chances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sit-ski" title="sit-ski">sit-ski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosswind%20effects" title=" crosswind effects"> crosswind effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163411/computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis-of-sit-ski-aerodynamics-in-crosswind-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10664</span> Aerodynamic Bicycle Torque Augmentation with a Wells Turbine in Wheels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsuyoshi%20Yamazaki">Tsuyoshi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etsuo%20Morishita"> Etsuo Morishita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyclists often run through a crosswind and sometimes we experience the adverse pressure. We came to an idea that Wells turbine can be used as power augmentation device in the crosswind something like sails of a yacht. Wells turbine always rotates in the same direction irrespective of the incoming flow direction, and we use it in the small-scale power generation in the ocean where waves create an oscillating flow. We incorporate the turbine to the wheel of a bike. A commercial device integrates strain gauges in the crank of a bike and transmitted force and torque applied to the pedal of the bike as an e-mail to the driver’s mobile phone. We can analyze the unsteady data in a spreadsheet sent from the crank sensor. We run the bike with the crank sensor on the rollers at the exit of a low-speed wind tunnel and analyze the effect of the crosswind to the wheel with a Wells turbine. We also test the aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine separately. Although power gain depends on the flow direction, several Watts increase might be possible by the Wells turbine incorporated to a bike wheel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wells%20turbine" title=" Wells turbine"> Wells turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle" title=" bicycle"> bicycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20engineering" title=" wind engineering"> wind engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84277/aerodynamic-bicycle-torque-augmentation-with-a-wells-turbine-in-wheels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10663</span> Analysis of Aerodynamic Forces Acting on a Train Passing Through a Tornado</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Suzuki">Masahiro Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobuyuki%20Okura"> Nobuyuki Okura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crosswind effect on ground transportations has been extensively investigated for decades. The effect of tornado, however, has been hardly studied in spite of the fact that even heavy ground vehicles, namely, trains were overturned by tornadoes with casualties in the past. Therefore, aerodynamic effects of the tornado on the train were studied by several approaches in this study. First, an experimental facility was developed to clarify aerodynamic forces acting on a vehicle running through a tornado. Our experimental set-up consists of two apparatus. One is a tornado simulator, and the other is a moving model rig. PIV measurements showed that the tornado simulator can generate a swirling-flow field similar to those of the natural tornadoes. The flow field has the maximum tangential velocity of 7.4 m/s and the vortex core radius of 96 mm. The moving model rig makes a 1/40 scale model train of single-car/three-car unit run thorough the swirling flow with the maximum speed of 4.3 m/s. The model car has 72 pressure ports on its surface to estimate the aerodynamic forces. The experimental results show that the aerodynamic forces vary its magnitude and direction depends on the location of the vehicle in the flow field. Second, the aerodynamic forces on the train were estimated by using Rankin vortex model. The Rankin vortex model is a simple tornado model which widely used in the field of civil engineering. The estimated aerodynamic forces on the middle car were fairly good agreement with the experimental results. Effects of the vortex core radius and the path of the train on the aerodynamic forces were investigated using the Rankin vortex model. The results shows that the side and lift forces increases as the vortex core radius increases, while the yawing moment is maximum when the core radius is 0.3875 times of the car length. Third, a computational simulation was conducted to clarify the flow field around the train. The simulated results qualitatively agreed with the experimental ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20force" title="aerodynamic force">aerodynamic force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20method" title=" experimental method"> experimental method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tornado" title=" tornado"> tornado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train" title=" train"> train</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56105/analysis-of-aerodynamic-forces-acting-on-a-train-passing-through-a-tornado" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10662</span> Reliability Prediction of Tires Using Linear Mixed-Effects Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung%20Hwan%20Na">Myung Hwan Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-%20Chun%20Song"> Ho- Chun Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EunHee%20Hong"> EunHee Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We widely use normal linear mixed-effects model to analysis data in repeated measurement. In case of detecting heteroscedasticity and the non-normality of the population distribution at the same time, normal linear mixed-effects model can give improper result of analysis. To achieve more robust estimation, we use heavy tailed linear mixed-effects model which gives more exact and reliable analysis conclusion than standard normal linear mixed-effects model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tires" title=" tires"> tires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20data" title=" field data"> field data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20mixed-effects%20model" title=" linear mixed-effects model"> linear mixed-effects model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37815/reliability-prediction-of-tires-using-linear-mixed-effects-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10661</span> Characterization of Optical Communication Channels as Non-Deterministic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale">Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford"> Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasingly telecommunications sectors are adopting optical technologies, due to its ability to transmit large amounts of data over long distances. However, as in all systems of data transmission, optical communication channels suffer from undesirable and non-deterministic effects, being essential to know the same. Thus, this research allows the assessment of these effects, as well as their characterization and beneficial uses of these effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20communication" title="optical communication">optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title=" optical fiber"> optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-deterministic%20effects" title=" non-deterministic effects"> non-deterministic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372/characterization-of-optical-communication-channels-as-non-deterministic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">788</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10660</span> Modeling and Controlling Nonlinear Dynamical Effects in Non-Contact Superconducting and Diamagnetic Suspensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Kuznetsov">Sergey Kuznetsov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Urman"> Yuri Urman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present an approach to investigate non-linear dynamical effects occurring in the noncontact superconducting and diamagnetic suspensions, when levitated body has finite size. This approach is based on the calculation of interaction energy between spherical finite size superconducting or diamagnetic body with external magnetic field. Effects of small deviations from spherical shape may be also taken into account by introducing small corrections to the energy. This model allows investigating dynamical effects important for practical applications, such as nonlinear resonances, change of vibration plane, coupling of rotational and translational motions etc. We also show how the geometry of suspension affects various dynamical effects and how an inverse problem may be formulated to enforce or diminish various dynamical effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levitation" title="levitation">levitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20dynamics" title=" non-linear dynamics"> non-linear dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting" title=" superconducting"> superconducting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamagnetic%20stability" title=" diamagnetic stability "> diamagnetic stability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47249/modeling-and-controlling-nonlinear-dynamical-effects-in-non-contact-superconducting-and-diamagnetic-suspensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10659</span> On the Optimality of Blocked Main Effects Plans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20SahaRay">Rita SahaRay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Dutta"> Ganesh Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, experimental situations are considered where a main effects plan is to be used to study m two-level factors using n runs which are partitioned into b blocks, not necessarily of same size. Assuming the block sizes to be even for all blocks, for the case n &equiv; 2 (mod 4), optimal designs are obtained with respect to type 1 and type 2 optimality criteria in the class of designs providing estimation of all main effects orthogonal to the block effects. In practice, such orthogonal estimation of main effects is often a desirable condition. In the wider class of all available m two level even sized blocked main effects plans, where the factors do not occur at high and low levels equally often in each block, E-optimal designs are also characterized. Simple construction methods based on Hadamard matrices and Kronecker product for these optimal designs are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20matrix" title="design matrix">design matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadamard%20matrix" title=" Hadamard matrix"> Hadamard matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kronecker%20product" title=" Kronecker product"> Kronecker product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%201%20criteria" title=" type 1 criteria"> type 1 criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20criteria" title=" type 2 criteria"> type 2 criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55584/on-the-optimality-of-blocked-main-effects-plans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10658</span> Media Effects in Metamodernity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20van%20der%20Merwe">D. van der Merwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite unprecedented changes in the media formats, typologies, delivery channels, and content that can be seen between Walter Benjamin’s writings from the era of modernity and those observable in the contemporary era of metamodernity, parallels can be drawn between the media effects experienced by audiences across the temporal divide. This paper will explore alignments between these two eras as evidenced by various media effects. First, convergence in the historical paradigm of film will be compared with the same effect as seen within the digital domain. Second, the uses and gratifications theory will be explored to delineate parallels in terms of user behaviours across both eras, regardless of medium. Third, cultivation theory and its role in manipulation via the media in both modernity and metamodernity will be discussed. Lastly, similarities between the archetypal personae populating each era will be unpacked. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergence" title="convergence">convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation%20theory" title=" cultivation theory"> cultivation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20effects" title=" media effects"> media effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamodernity" title=" metamodernity"> metamodernity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uses%20and%20gratifications%20theory" title=" uses and gratifications theory"> uses and gratifications theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193879/media-effects-in-metamodernity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10657</span> Investigation of Flow Effects of Soundwaves Incident on an Airfoil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thirsa%20Sherry">Thirsa Sherry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utkarsh%20Shrivastav"> Utkarsh Shrivastav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kannan%20B.%20T."> Kannan B. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iynthezhuton%20K."> Iynthezhuton K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics remains one of the most poignant and well-researched fields of today. The current paper aims to investigate the predominant problem concerning the effects of noise of varying frequencies and waveforms on airflow surrounding an airfoil. Using a single speaker beneath the airfoil at different positions, we wish to simulate the effects of sound directly impinging on an airfoil and study its direct effects on airflow. We wish to study the same using smoke visualization methods with incense as our smoke-generating material in a variable-speed subsonic wind tunnel. Using frequencies and wavelengths similar to those of common engine noise, we wish to simulate real-world conditions of engine noise interfering with airflow and document the arising trends. These results will allow us to look into the real-world effects of noise on airflow and how to minimize them and expand on the possible relation between waveforms and noise. The parameters used in the study include frequency, Reynolds number, waveforms, angle of attack, and the effects on airflow when varying these parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20noise" title="engine noise">engine noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroacoustics" title=" aeroacoustics"> aeroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20excitation" title=" acoustic excitation"> acoustic excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20speed" title=" low speed"> low speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050/investigation-of-flow-effects-of-soundwaves-incident-on-an-airfoil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10656</span> Modelling Causal Effects from Complex Longitudinal Data via Point Effects of Treatments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqin%20Wang">Xiaoqin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yin"> Li Yin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and purpose: In many practices, one estimates causal effects arising from a complex stochastic process, where a sequence of treatments are assigned to influence a certain outcome of interest, and there exist time-dependent covariates between treatments. When covariates are plentiful and/or continuous, statistical modeling is needed to reduce the huge dimensionality of the problem and allow for the estimation of causal effects. Recently, Wang and Yin (Annals of statistics, 2020) derived a new general formula, which expresses these causal effects in terms of the point effects of treatments in single-point causal inference. As a result, it is possible to conduct the modeling via point effects. The purpose of the work is to study the modeling of these causal effects via point effects. Challenges and solutions: The time-dependent covariates often have influences from earlier treatments as well as on subsequent treatments. Consequently, the standard parameters – i.e., the mean of the outcome given all treatments and covariates-- are essentially all different (null paradox). Furthermore, the dimension of the parameters is huge (curse of dimensionality). Therefore, it can be difficult to conduct the modeling in terms of standard parameters. Instead of standard parameters, we have use point effects of treatments to develop likelihood-based parametric approach to the modeling of these causal effects and are able to model the causal effects of a sequence of treatments by modeling a small number of point effects of individual treatment Achievements: We are able to conduct the modeling of the causal effects from a sequence of treatments in the familiar framework of single-point causal inference. The simulation shows that our method achieves not only an unbiased estimate for the causal effect but also the nominal level of type I error and a low level of type II error for the hypothesis testing. We have applied this method to a longitudinal study of COVID-19 mortality among Scandinavian countries and found that the Swedish approach performed far worse than the other countries' approach for COVID-19 mortality and the poor performance was largely due to its early measure during the initial period of the pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causal%20effect" title="causal effect">causal effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20effect" title=" point effect"> point effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20modelling" title=" statistical modelling"> statistical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20causal%20inference" title=" sequential causal inference"> sequential causal inference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135503/modelling-causal-effects-from-complex-longitudinal-data-via-point-effects-of-treatments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10655</span> The Effects of Online Video Gaming on Creativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Shu-Hua%20Yeh">Chloe Shu-Hua Yeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effects of videogame play on players cognitive abilities is a growing research field in the recent decades, however, little is known about how ‘out-of-school’ use of videogame influences creativity. This interdisciplinary research explores the cognitive and emotional effects of two different types of online videogames (an action videogame and a non-action videogame) on subsequent creativity performances using a within-participant design study with 36 participants. Results showed that after playing the action game participants performed higher originality, elaboration and flexibility than after playing the causal game. The results explored effects of emotional states elicited during playing the games suggesting that arousal may be a significant emotional factor which influence subsequent creativity performance. The cognitive and emotional effects of videogame were discussed followed with implications for emotion-creativity-videogame play research, game designers, educational practitioners and parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attentional%20breadth" title="attentional breadth">attentional breadth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videogame%20play" title=" videogame play "> videogame play </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17950/the-effects-of-online-video-gaming-on-creativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10654</span> Side Effects of Dental Whitening: Published Data from the Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilma%20Robo">Ilma Robo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saimir%20Heta"> Saimir Heta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emela%20Dalloshi"> Emela Dalloshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevila%20Alliu"> Nevila Alliu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Ostreni"> Vera Ostreni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dental whitening process, beyond the fact that it is a mini-invasive dental treatment, has effects on the dental structure, or on the pulp of the tooth, where it is applied. The electronic search was performed using keywords to find articles published within the last 10 years about side effects, assessed as such, of minimally invasive dental bleaching treatment. Methodology: In selected articles, the other aim of the study was to evaluate the side effects of bleaching based on the percentage and type of solution used, where the latter was evaluated on the basic solution used for bleaching. Results: The side effects of bleaching are evaluated in selected articles depending on the method of bleaching application, which means it is carried out with recommended solutions, or with mixtures of alternative solutions or substances based on Internet information. Short conclusion: The dental bleaching process has side effects which have not yet been definitively evaluated, experimentally in large samples of individuals or animals (mice or cattle) to arrive at accurate numerical conclusions. The trend of publications about this topic is increasing in recent years, as long as the trend for aesthetic facial treatments, including dental ones, is increasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teeth%20whitening" title="teeth whitening">teeth whitening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20effects" title=" side effects"> side effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20teeth" title=" permanent teeth"> permanent teeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formed%20dental%20apex" title=" formed dental apex"> formed dental apex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182709/side-effects-of-dental-whitening-published-data-from-the-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10653</span> Pruning Residue Effects on Symbiotic N₂ Fixation and δ¹³C Isotopic Composition of Sesbania sesban and Cajanus cajan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20T.%20Makhubedu">I. T. Makhubedu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Letty"> B. A. Letty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20F.%20Scogings"> P. F. Scogings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20L.%20Mafongoya"> P. L. Mafongoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite their potential importance in recycling dinitrogen (N2) fixed in alley cropping systems, the effects of tree pruning residues on symbiotic N2 fixation are poorly studied. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pruning residue management and pruning date on symbiotic performance and <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alley%20cropping" title="alley cropping">alley cropping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%E2%82%82%20fixed" title=" N₂ fixed"> N₂ fixed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20abundance" title=" natural abundance"> natural abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99673/pruning-residue-effects-on-symbiotic-n2-fixation-and-d13c-isotopic-composition-of-sesbania-sesban-and-cajanus-cajan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10652</span> The Effects of Self- and Partner Reported Attachment Orientations and Mate Retention Behaviors: Actor and Partner Effects in Romantic Couples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasna%20Hudek-Knezevic">Jasna Hudek-Knezevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Kardum"> Igor Kardum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Krapic"> Nada Krapic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Jurcic"> Martina Jurcic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to examine the effects of self- and partner reported attachment orientations on self-reported mate retention behaviors in romantic couples using the actor-partner interdependence model. The study was carried out on 187 heterosexual couples aged from 18 to 35 years, with an average relationship length of 4.5 years. Participants were asked to complete the revised scale of adult attachment and short form of mate retention inventory. Actor and partner effects of self- and partner reported anxious and avoidant attachment orientations on mate retention categories (direct guarding, intersexual negative inducements, positive inducements, public signals of possession and intrasexual negative inducements) and domains (cost-inflicting and benefit-provisioning), as well on overall mate retention were examined. Actor effects for women estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their own mate retention behaviors, whereas men’s actor effects estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their own mate retention behaviors. Women’s partner effects estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their partner’s mate retention behaviors, whereas men’s partner effects estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their partner’s mate retention behaviors. The use of two data sources, self- and partner reports, allow the control of the effects of common method variance when exploring actor and partner effects. Positive actor and partner effects of anxious attachment, as well as negative actor and partner effects of avoidant attachment on mate retention, were expected. In other words, it was expected that more anxiously attached individuals themselves, as well as their partners, will use mate retention behaviors more frequently. On the other hand, more avoidantly attached individuals themselves, as well as their partners, will use mate retention behaviors less frequently. These hypotheses were partially confirmed. The results showed that the strongest and most consistent effects across both data sources were men’s actor effects on the cost-inflicting mate retention domain, and especially on two mate retention categories, direct guarding, and intersexual negative inducements. Additionally, a consistent positive partner effect of men’s anxious attachment orientations on direct guarding was also obtained. Avoidant attachment orientation exerted few and inconsistent actor and partner effects on mate retention domains and categories. The results are explained by theoretical propositions addressing the effects of attachment orientations on an interpersonal romantic relationship in early adulthood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actor%20and%20partner%20effects" title="actor and partner effects">actor and partner effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment%20orientations" title=" attachment orientations"> attachment orientations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyadic%20analysis" title=" dyadic analysis"> dyadic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mate%20retention%20behavior" title=" mate retention behavior"> mate retention behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114532/the-effects-of-self-and-partner-reported-attachment-orientations-and-mate-retention-behaviors-actor-and-partner-effects-in-romantic-couples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10651</span> Literature Review of the Antibacterial Effects of Salvia Officinalis L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benguerine%20Zohra">Benguerine Zohra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merzak%20Siham"> Merzak Siham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouziane%20Cheimaa"> Bouziane Cheimaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%20Tayeb%20Fatima"> Si Tayeb Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jou%20Siham"> Jou Siham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkessam"> Belkessam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Antibiotics, widely produced and consumed in large quantities, have proven problematic due to various types of side effects. The development of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics has made the search for new antibacterial agents necessary. One alternative strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the use of natural antimicrobial substances such as plant extracts. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the antibacterial effects of a plant native to the Middle East and Mediterranean regions, Salvia officinalis (sage). Materials and Methods: This review article was conducted by searching studies in the PubMed, Scopus, JSTOR, and SpringerLink databases. The search terms were "Salvia officinalis L." and "antibacterial effects." Only studies that met our inclusion criteria (in English, antibacterial effects of Salvia officinalis L., and primarily dating from 2012 to 2023) were accepted for further review. Results and Discussion: The initial search strategy identified approximately 78 references, with only 13 articles included in this review. The synthesis of the articles revealed that several data sources confirm the antimicrobial effects of S. officinalis. Its essential oil and alcoholic extract exhibit strong bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: The significant value of the extract, oil, and leaves of S. officinalis calls for further studies on the other useful and unknown properties of this multi-purpose plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salvia%20officinalis" title="salvia officinalis">salvia officinalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects" title=" effects"> effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186196/literature-review-of-the-antibacterial-effects-of-salvia-officinalis-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10650</span> Perturbative Analysis on a Lunar Free Return Trajectory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emre%20%C3%9Cnal">Emre Ünal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Ba%C5%9Faran"> Hasan Başaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, starting with a predetermined Lunar free-return trajectory, an analysis of major near-Earth perturbations is carried out. Referencing to historical Apollo-13 flight, changes in the mission’s resultant perimoon and perigee altitudes with each perturbative effect are evaluated. The perturbations that were considered are Earth oblateness effects, up to the 6<sup>th</sup> order, atmospheric drag, third body perturbations consisting of solar and planetary effects and solar radiation pressure effects. It is found that for a Moon mission, most of the main perturbative effects spoil the trajectory significantly while some came out to be negligible. It is seen that for apparent future request of constructing low cost, reliable and safe trajectories to the Moon, most of the orbital perturbations are crucial. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apollo-13%20trajectory" title="Apollo-13 trajectory">Apollo-13 trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20drag" title=" atmospheric drag"> atmospheric drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunar%20trajectories" title=" lunar trajectories"> lunar trajectories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblateness%20effect" title=" oblateness effect"> oblateness effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perturbative%20effects" title=" perturbative effects"> perturbative effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20radiation%20pressure" title=" solar radiation pressure"> solar radiation pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20body%20perturbations" title=" third body perturbations"> third body perturbations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130408/perturbative-analysis-on-a-lunar-free-return-trajectory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10649</span> Large Herbivores Benefit Plant Growth via Diverse and Indirect Pathways in a Temperate Grassland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofei%20Li">Xiaofei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiwei%20Zhong"> Zhiwei Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deli%20Wang"> Deli Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Large herbivores affect plant growth not only through their direct, consumptive effects, but also through indirect effects that alter species interactions. Indirect effects can be either positive or negative, therefore having the potential to mitigate or enhance the direct impacts of herbivores. However, until recently, we know considerably less about the indirect effects than the direct effects of large herbivores on plants, and few studies have explored multiple indirect pathways simultaneously. Here, we investigated how large domestic herbivores, cattle (Bos taurus), can shape population growth of an intermediately preferred forb species, Artemsisa scoparia, through diverse pathways in a temperate grassland of northeast China. We found that, although exposure to direct consumption of cattle, A. scoparia growth was not inhibited, but rather showed a significant increase in the grazed than ungrazed areas. This unexpected result was due to grazing-induced multiple indirect, positive effects overwhelmed the direct, negative consumption effects of cattle on plant growth. The much more intensive consumption on the dominant Leymus chinensis grass, ground litter removal, and increases in ant nest abundance induced by cattle, exerted significant indirect, positive effects on A. scoparia growth. These pathways benefited A.scoparia growth by lessening interspecific competition, mitigating negative effects of litter accumulation, and increasing soil nutrient availability, respectively. Our results highlight the need to integrate indirect effects into the traditional food web theory, which is based primary on direct, trophic linkages, to fully understand community organization and dynamics. Large herbivores are important conservation and management targets, our results suggest that these mammals should be managed with the understanding that they can affect primary producers through diverse paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grasslands" title="grasslands">grasslands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20herbivores" title=" large herbivores"> large herbivores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth" title=" plant growth"> plant growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indirect%20effects" title=" indirect effects"> indirect effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68636/large-herbivores-benefit-plant-growth-via-diverse-and-indirect-pathways-in-a-temperate-grassland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10648</span> Effects, Causes, and Prevention of Teen Dating Violence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Jones">Isabel Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As adolescence is a formative time, experiences during adolescence often affect the rest of one’s life. Therefore, dating, specifically violence in dating, can have lasting effects on the rest of one’s life. In order to find sources, searches were conducted on PsycINFO, specifically EBSCO, and narrowed down under the criteria that the source contained information about adolescent dating violence rather than adult, and focused on causes, effects, or prevention methods. This literature review examines research regarding the effects and causes of TDV, and then what methods are effective in the prevention of TDV development. This will allow for a clear image of how these prevention methods are effective and why they are important. Effects of TDV extend beyond the physical, including psychological and sexual long-lasting effects. These are caused by a number of concepts, including learned behavior, inhibitory issues/substance abuse, and cultural factors. When both of these are taken into account, preventative measures such as school-based interventions, parental/adult monitoring, and the presence of positive family examples are more clear as to their effectiveness. This literature review may provide further awareness to this public health crisis and give the public a view of how adolescents are affected by TDV on their path from child to adult. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescence" title="adolescence">adolescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dating%20violence" title=" dating violence"> dating violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors" title=" predictors"> predictors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship" title=" relationship"> relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179413/effects-causes-and-prevention-of-teen-dating-violence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10647</span> Effects of Cell Phone Usage on Psychological Health of Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avadhesh%20Kumar">Avadhesh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The cell phone has rapidly become an integral, and, for some, an essential communication tool that is being used worldwide. Their use without any knowledge of their harmful effects like cancers and other health effects is not ‘quite’ safe. Studies on cancers due to electromagnetic radiations from cell phones are available, but there is a need to research on the detrimental physical and psychological effects on users like students. This study focused on certain psychological or mental health effects of cell phone usage amongst students. Materials and methods: The present study will be carried out on all the students of Banaras Hindu University. Students of both sexes from urban and rural backgrounds were selected at random and administered a pre- tested questionnaire which included aspects related to few common adverse psychological health signs and symptoms attributed to cell phone over-usage. Results: Stress was found to be the commonest symptom (51.47%) followed by irritability/anger (43.79%). Other common mental symptoms included lack of concentration and academic performance, insomnia, anxiety etc. Suggestions: This study confirms that the younger generation, who are the most frequent cell phone users, needs to be aware of the adverse health effects of cell phone usage especially the mental aspects and take preventive measures to minimize and control the same. Less dependence on the device, a curtailing time period spent on talking, communicating more by texting, etc. are some of the practical measures suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20phones" title="cell phones">cell phones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20health%20effects" title=" psychological health effects"> psychological health effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44698/effects-of-cell-phone-usage-on-psychological-health-of-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10646</span> The Effects of Expanding the Generosity of the Statutory Sick Leave Insurance: The Case of a French Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ali%20Benhalima">Mohamed Ali Benhalima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathon%20Elbaz"> Nathon Elbaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Koubi"> Malik Koubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates an expansion of employer-mandated sick leave insurance in the French private sector. We use a difference-in-differences method in which control groups are defined according to the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) employees belong to. Indeed, thanks to complementary insurance provided by CBAs, employees were not affected the same way by the reform. We find significant effects of the reform on sick leave spells lasting at least 7 days, consistently with the reform target. The effects on spells’ duration and frequency are positive and more pronounced for women than for men, for whom the effect on frequency tends to be slightly negative. The effects are also more pronounced for executives and supervisors than less qualified categories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sickness%20absence" title="sickness absence">sickness absence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20agreements" title=" collective agreements"> collective agreements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daily%20sickness%20benefits" title=" daily sickness benefits"> daily sickness benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20economics" title=" labor economics"> labor economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18050/the-effects-of-expanding-the-generosity-of-the-statutory-sick-leave-insurance-the-case-of-a-french-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10645</span> Searching the Stabilizing Effects of Neutron Shell Closure via Fusion Evaporation Residue Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20R.%20S.%20Babu">B. R. S. Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Prasad"> E. Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20V.%20Laveen"> P. V. Laveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Vinodkumar"> A. M. Vinodkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Searching the “Island of stability” is a topic of extreme interest in theoretical as well as experimental modern physics today. This “island of stability” is spanned by superheavy elements (SHE's) that are produced in the laboratory. SHE's are believed to exist primarily due to the “magic” stabilizing effects of nuclear shell structure. SHE synthesis is extremely difficult due to their very low production cross section, often of the order of pico barns or less. Stabilizing effects of shell closures at proton number Z=82 and neutron number N=126 are predicted theoretically. Though stabilizing effects of Z=82 have been experimentally verified, no concluding observations have been made with N=126, so far. We measured and analyzed the total evaporation residue (ER) cross sections for a number of systems with neutron number around 126 to explore possible shell closure effects in ER cross sections, in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super%20heavy%20elements" title="super heavy elements">super heavy elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion" title=" fusion"> fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation%20residue" title=" evaporation residue"> evaporation residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compund%20nucleus" title=" compund nucleus"> compund nucleus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36277/searching-the-stabilizing-effects-of-neutron-shell-closure-via-fusion-evaporation-residue-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10644</span> Three-Dimensional Spillage Effects on the Pressure Distribution of a Double Ramp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengcheng%20Quan">Pengcheng Quan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shan%20Zhong"> Shan Zhong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Double ramp geometry is widely used in supersonic and hypersonic environments as it presents unique flow patterns for shock wave-boundary layer interaction studies as well as for two-dimensional inlets and deflected control surfaces for re-entry vehicles. Hence, the surface pressure distribution is critical for optimum design. Though when the model is wide enough on spanwise direction the flow can be regarded as a two-dimensional flow, in actual applications a finite width would normally cause some three-dimensional spillage effects. No research has been found addressed this problem, hence the primary interest of this study is to set up a liable surface pressure distribution on a double ramp with three-dimensional effects. Both numerical and experimental (pressure sensitive paints) are applied to obtain the pressure distribution; the results agree well except that the numerical computation doesn’t capture the Gortler vortices. The pressure variations on the spanwise planes are used to analyse the development of the Gortler vortices and the effects of three-dimensional spillage on the vortices. Results indicate that the three-dimensionl spillage effects not only enhance the developing of the Gortler vortice, but also increase the periodic distance between vortice pairs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spillage%20effects" title="spillage effects">spillage effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensitive%20paints" title=" pressure sensitive paints"> pressure sensitive paints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersonic" title=" hypersonic"> hypersonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20ramp" title=" double ramp"> double ramp</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59201/three-dimensional-spillage-effects-on-the-pressure-distribution-of-a-double-ramp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10643</span> A Computational Study Concerning the Biological Effects of the Most Commonly Used Phthalates </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Craciun">Dana Craciun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Dascalu"> Daniela Dascalu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Isvoran"> Adriana Isvoran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phthalates are a class of plastic additives that are used to enhance the physical properties of plastics and as solvents in paintings and some of them proved to be of particular concern for the human health. There are insufficient data concerning the health risks of phthalates and further research on evaluating their effects in humans is needed. As humans are not volunteers for such experiments, computational analysis may be used to predict the biological effects of phthalates in humans. Within this study we have used some computational approaches (SwissADME, admetSAR, FAFDrugs) for predicting the absorption, distribution, metabolization, excretion and toxicity (ADME-Tox) profiles and pharmacokinetics for the most common used phthalates. These computational tools are based on quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling approach. The predictions are further compared to the known effects of each considered phthalate in humans and correlations between computational results and experimental data are discussed. Our data revealed that phthalates are a class of compounds reflecting high toxicity both when ingested and when inhaled, but by inhalation their toxicity is even greater. The predicted harmful effects of phthalates are: toxicity and irritations of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, dyspnea, skin and eye irritations and disruption of the functions of liver and of the reproductive system. Many of investigated phthalates are predicted to be able to inhibit some of the cytochromes involved in the metabolism of numerous drugs and consequently to affect the efficiency of administrated treatments for many diseases and to intensify the adverse drugs reactions. The obtained predictions are in good agreement with clinical data concerning the observed effects of some phthalates in cases of acute exposures. Our study emphasizes the possible health effects of numerous phthalates and underlines the applicability of computational methods for predicting the biological effects of xenobiotics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phthalates" title="phthalates">phthalates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADME-Tox" title=" ADME-Tox"> ADME-Tox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacokinetics" title=" pharmacokinetics"> pharmacokinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20effects" title=" biological effects"> biological effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94596/a-computational-study-concerning-the-biological-effects-of-the-most-commonly-used-phthalates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10642</span> Effects of Repetitive Strain/Stress Injury on the Human Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Abdullah">Mohd Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This review describes some of the effects of repetitive strain/stress injury (RSI) on the human body especially among computer professionals today that spend extended hours of prolonged sitting in front of a computer day in and day out. The review briefly introduces the main factors that contribute to an increase of RSI among such computer professionals. The review briefly discusses how the human spinal column and knees are mainly affected by the onset of RSI resulting in poor posture. The root and secondary causes and effects of RSI are reviewed. The importance and value of the various breathing techniques are reviewed in an attempt to alleviate some of the effects of RSI. The review concludes with a small sample of suggested office stretches and poses geared towards at reducing RSI follows in this review. Readers will learn about the effects of RSI, as well as ways to cope with it. A better understanding of coping strategies may lead to well-being and a healthier overall lifestyle. Ultimately, the investment of time to connect with oneself with the poses and the power of the breath would promote a well-being that is overall healthier thus resulting in a better ability to cope/manage life stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title="health">health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellness" title=" wellness"> wellness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetitive" title=" repetitive"> repetitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chairs" title=" chairs"> chairs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107488/effects-of-repetitive-strainstress-injury-on-the-human-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10641</span> Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Mapping of Malaria in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krisada%20Lekdee">Krisada Lekdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunee%20Sammatat"> Sunee Sammatat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nittaya%20Boonsit"> Nittaya Boonsit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a GLMM with spatial and temporal effects for malaria data in Thailand. A Bayesian method is used for parameter estimation via Gibbs sampling MCMC. A conditional autoregressive (CAR) model is assumed to present the spatial effects. The temporal correlation is presented through the covariance matrix of the random effects. The malaria quarterly data have been extracted from the Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand. The factors considered are rainfall and temperature. The result shows that rainfall and temperature are positively related to the malaria morbidity rate. The posterior means of the estimated morbidity rates are used to construct the malaria maps. The top 5 highest morbidity rates (per 100,000 population) are in Trat (Q3, 111.70), Chiang Mai (Q3, 104.70), Narathiwat (Q4, 97.69), Chiang Mai (Q2, 88.51), and Chanthaburi (Q3, 86.82). According to the DIC criterion, the proposed model has a better performance than the GLMM with spatial effects but without temporal terms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20method" title="Bayesian method">Bayesian method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20linear%20mixed%20model%20%28GLMM%29" title=" generalized linear mixed model (GLMM)"> generalized linear mixed model (GLMM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20effects" title=" spatial effects"> spatial effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20correlation" title=" temporal correlation"> temporal correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10300/spatio-temporal-analysis-and-mapping-of-malaria-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10640</span> Copula-Based Estimation of Direct and Indirect Effects in Path Analysis Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alam%20Ali">Alam Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Kumar%20Pathak"> Ashok Kumar Pathak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Path analysis is a statistical technique used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of variables in path models. One or more structural regression equations are used to estimate a series of parameters in path models to find the better fit of data. However, sometimes the assumptions of classical regression models, such as ordinary least squares (OLS), are violated by the nature of the data, resulting in insignificant direct and indirect effects of exogenous variables. This article aims to explore the effectiveness of a copula-based regression approach as an alternative to classical regression, specifically when variables are linked through an elliptical copula. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20analysis" title="path analysis">path analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copula-based%20regression%20models" title=" copula-based regression models"> copula-based regression models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20and%20indirect%20effects" title=" direct and indirect effects"> direct and indirect effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-fold%20cross%20validation%20technique" title=" k-fold cross validation technique"> k-fold cross validation technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186900/copula-based-estimation-of-direct-and-indirect-effects-in-path-analysis-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10639</span> Estimation of Stress Intensity Factors from near Crack Tip Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuang%20He">Zhuang He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrei%20Kotousov"> Andrei Kotousov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All current experimental methods for determination of stress intensity factors are based on the assumption that the state of stress near the crack tip is plane stress. Therefore, these methods rely on strain and displacement measurements made outside the near crack tip region affected by the three-dimensional effects or by process zone. In this paper, we develop and validate an experimental procedure for the evaluation of stress intensity factors from the measurements of the out-of-plane displacements in the surface area controlled by 3D effects. The evaluation of stress intensity factors is possible when the process zone is sufficiently small, and the displacement field generated by the 3D effects is fully encapsulated by K-dominance region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20correlation" title="digital image correlation">digital image correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity%20factors" title=" stress intensity factors"> stress intensity factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20effects" title=" three-dimensional effects"> three-dimensional effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transverse%20displacement" title=" transverse displacement"> transverse displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32294/estimation-of-stress-intensity-factors-from-near-crack-tip-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10638</span> Literature Review on the Antibacterial Effects of Salvia officinalis L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benguerine%20Zohra">Benguerine Zohra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merzak%20Siham"> Merzak Siham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pr.%20Chelghoum"> Pr. Chelghoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The widespread production and consumption of antibiotics have raised significant concerns due to various adverse effects and the development of bacterial resistance. This increasing resistance to currently available antibiotics necessitates the search for new antibacterial agents. One alternative strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the use of natural antimicrobial substances such as plant extracts. This study aims to provide an overview of the antibacterial effects of Salvia officinalis (sage), a plant native to the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted by searching studies in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, JSTOR, and SpringerLink. The search terms were “Salvia officinalis L.” and “antibacterial effects.” Only studies that met our inclusion criteria (in English, focusing on the antibacterial effects of Salvia officinalis L., and primarily dated from 2012 to 2023) were considered for further review. Results and Discussion: The initial search strategy identified approximately 78 references, of which only 13 articles were included in this review. The synthesis of these articles revealed that multiple data sources confirm the antimicrobial effects of S. officinalis. Its essential oil and alcoholic extract exhibit strong bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: The significant value of the extract, oil, and leaves of S. officinalis demands further studies on other useful and unknown properties of this multipurpose plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salvia%20officinalis" title="salvia officinalis">salvia officinalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial." title=" antibacterial."> antibacterial.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botany" title=" botany"> botany</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190609/literature-review-on-the-antibacterial-effects-of-salvia-officinalis-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10637</span> The Effects of Three Leadership Styles on Individual Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leilei%20Liang">Leilei Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leadership is commonly classified as formal leadership and informal leadership, which ignores and neglects the effects of 3rd type leadership. The emergence of 3rd type of leadership is closely related to special relations. To figure out the mechanism and effects of 3rd type leadership as well as the impacts of formal leadership and informal leadership on employee performance, this study collects data from 350 participants through a survey and proposes three hypotheses respectively from the perspective of expectation theory. The analytical results provide strong evidence for two of the three hypotheses, which demonstrate the positive correlation between formal leadership and individual performance and the negative relationship between 3rd type leadership and individual performance. This study contributes to leadership literature by putting forward the concept of the 3rd type of leadership. In addition, the effects of formal leadership, informal leadership, and 3rd type leadership on individual performance are discussed respectively in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20leadership" title="formal leadership">formal leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20leadership" title=" informal leadership"> informal leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3rd%20leadership" title=" 3rd leadership"> 3rd leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20performance" title=" individual performance"> individual performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectation%20theory" title=" expectation theory"> expectation theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138223/the-effects-of-three-leadership-styles-on-individual-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10636</span> Alternative General Formula to Estimate and Test Influences of Early Diagnosis on Cancer Survival</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yin">Li Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqin%20Wang"> Xiaoqin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and purpose: Cancer diagnosis is part of a complex stochastic process, in which patients' personal and social characteristics influence the choice of diagnosing methods, diagnosing methods, in turn, influence the initial assessment of cancer stage, the initial assessment, in turn, influences the choice of treating methods, and treating methods in turn influence cancer outcomes such as cancer survival. To evaluate diagnosing methods, one needs to estimate and test the causal effect of a regime of cancer diagnosis and treatments. Recently, Wang and Yin (Annals of statistics, 2020) derived a new general formula, which expresses these causal effects in terms of the point effects of treatments in single-point causal inference. As a result, it is possible to estimate and test these causal effects via point effects. The purpose of the work is to estimate and test causal effects under various regimes of cancer diagnosis and treatments via point effects. Challenges and solutions: The cancer stage has influences from earlier diagnosis as well as on subsequent treatments. As a consequence, it is highly difficult to estimate and test the causal effects via standard parameters, that is, the conditional survival given all stationary covariates, diagnosing methods, cancer stage and prognosis factors, treating methods. Instead of standard parameters, we use the point effects of cancer diagnosis and treatments to estimate and test causal effects under various regimes of cancer diagnosis and treatments. We are able to use familiar methods in the framework of single-point causal inference to accomplish the task. Achievements: we have applied this method to stomach cancer survival from a clinical study in Sweden. We have studied causal effects under various regimes, including the optimal regime of diagnosis and treatments and the effect moderation of the causal effect by age and gender. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20diagnosis" title="cancer diagnosis">cancer diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causal%20effect" title=" causal effect"> causal effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20effect" title=" point effect"> point effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G-formula" title=" G-formula"> G-formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20causal%20effect" title=" sequential causal effect"> sequential causal effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135506/alternative-general-formula-to-estimate-and-test-influences-of-early-diagnosis-on-cancer-survival" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosswind%20effects&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosswind%20effects&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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