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development</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: community development"> <meta name="keywords" content="community development"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="community development"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 19148</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: community development</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19148</span> Development of People's Participation in Environmental Development in Pathumthani Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai">Sakapas Saengchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study on the development of people's participation in environmental development was a qualitative research method. Data were collected by participant observation, in-depth interview and discussion group in Pathumthani province. The study indicated that 1) People should be aware of environmental information from government agencies. 2) People in the community should be able to brainstorm information, exchange information about community environment development. 3) People should have a role with community leaders. 4) People in the community should have a role to play in the implementation of projects and activities in the development of the environment and 5) citizens, community leaders, village committee have directed the development of the area. Maintaining a community environment with a shared decision. By emphasizing the process of participation, self-reliance, mutual help, and responsibility for one's own community. Community empowerment strengthens the sustainable spatial development of the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=people" title="people">people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85948/development-of-peoples-participation-in-environmental-development-in-pathumthani-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19147</span> Guidelines for the Development of Community Classroom for Research and Academic Services in Ranong Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenjira%20Chinnawong">Jenjira Chinnawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad"> Phusit Phukamchanoad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to explore the guidelines for the development of community classroom for research and academic services in Ranong province. By interviewing leaders involved in the development of learning resources, research, and community services, it was found that the leaders' perceptions in the development of learning resources, research, and community services in Ranong, was at the highest level. They perceived at every step on policies of community classroom implementation, research, and community services in Ranong. Leaders' perceptions were at the moderate level in terms of analysis of problems related to procedures of community classroom management, research and community services in Ranong especially in the planning and implementation of the examination, improvement, and development of learning sources to be in good condition and ready to serve the visitors. Their participation in the development of community classroom, research, and community services in Ranong was at a high level, particularly in the participation in monitoring and evaluation of the development of learning resources as well as in reporting on the result of the development of learning resources. The most important thing in the development of community classroom, research and community services in Ranong is the necessity to integrate the three principles of knowledge building in teaching, research and academic services in order to create the identity of the local and community classroom for those who are interested to visit to learn more about the useful knowledge. As a result, community classroom, research, and community services were well-known both inside and outside the university. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20classroom" title="community classroom">community classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20resources" title=" learning resources"> learning resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121865/guidelines-for-the-development-of-community-classroom-for-research-and-academic-services-in-ranong-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19146</span> The Typology of Social Enterprise: Case Study of Community-Development Enterprise in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aluisius%20Pratono">Aluisius Pratono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deddy%20Marciano"> Deddy Marciano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyanto%20Suyanto"> Suyanto Suyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emerging model of community development social enterprise is one of the social enterprise models. However, a precise view of the community development enterprise is still lacking. Hence, this study was aimed at deepening the concept of the community development social enterprise model at the place management and development context. Multiple case studies in Indonesia context were observed to explore the typical criteria of the community development enterprise model in place-making practices. The research paradigm used interpretative approach, which involves dialectic process between the researchers and research participants. This study highlights some principles in the community-development enterprise, which cover an entrepreneurial dimension, social goals, participatory governance, and co-management. The result makes a contribution to conceptual literature occurs at the criteria of social enterprises by highlighting the typology of community development enterprise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development%20enterprise" title="community development enterprise">community development enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20purposes" title=" social purposes"> social purposes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20project" title=" economic project"> economic project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20governance" title=" participatory governance"> participatory governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89086/the-typology-of-social-enterprise-case-study-of-community-development-enterprise-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19145</span> Community Product Development of Basket Handicraft-Bag, Ang Thong Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patsara%20Sirikamonsin">Patsara Sirikamonsin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were I) to study development guidelines of community product which was basket handicraft-bag of Ang Thong province; II) to study consumer demand for the community of basket handicraft-bag products of Ang Thong province. Data were collected via group interview of the community of basket handicraft-bag and consumer in order to obtain information related to product development guidelines in line with consumer demand. The study revealed that development guidelines of community product which was basket handicraft-bag of Ang Thong province caused by the demand of consumers changed by the era which made community of basket handicraft-bag products of Ang Thong province might develop community products to be novel, stylish and accessible. The consumer demand for the product came from the need to consume goods that are like local symbols. Most of them were foreigners and tourists. The advantage of this research was that it would lead to policy implementation and lead to the development of basket handicraft-bag community products of Ang Thong to meet the needs of consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20product" title="community product">community product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20development" title=" product development"> product development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basket%20handicraft-bag" title=" basket handicraft-bag"> basket handicraft-bag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20research" title=" business research"> business research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93310/community-product-development-of-basket-handicraft-bag-ang-thong-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19144</span> Mindset Change: Unlocking the Potential for Community-Based Rural Development in Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisy%20Owomugasho%20Ndikuno">Daisy Owomugasho Ndikuno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper explores the extent to which mindset change has been critical in the community rural development in Uganda. It is descriptive research with The Parish Development Model as a case study. The results show that rural community development is possible and its success largely depends on harnessing local resources and knowledge; leveraging education, empowerment and awareness; creating sustainable livelihoods and encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation; access to financial resources; and building collaborative networks and partnerships. In all these, the role of mindset change is critical. By instilling a positive, collaborative and innovative mindset, rural communities can overcome challenges and chat a path towards sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title="community">community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindset" title=" mindset"> mindset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change" title=" change"> change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180247/mindset-change-unlocking-the-potential-for-community-based-rural-development-in-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19143</span> An Analysis on Community Based Heritage Tourism: A Resource for a Small Community in Rural County Clare, Ireland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Taylor">Marie Taylor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catriona%20Murphy"> Catriona Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to identify the factors of success in community based heritage tourism initiatives. Heritage and community are central to many tourism initiatives with heritage tourism having the potential to act as a catalyst for community development. This paper presents the findings of research that examined the relationship between heritage tourism and community development. The findings recognised that heritage tourism had economic, social and cultural benefits for a community as well as a role in strengthening concepts such as sense of identity, place, and authenticity. In addition, this paper proposes an assessment framework for sustainable community based heritage tourism to identify factors and contextual influences involved in their success or failure. In evaluating the sustainability of such initiatives, a number of issues are investigated including the continued role of stakeholders, the role of funding, the influence of collaboration and the changing role of rural development and its impact on community engagement. The research is descriptive, evaluative and explanatory research, exploring and analysing issues such as the development of community structures in community based heritage tourism. Thus, it will contribute to the development of potential tourism and community development policies and strategies at a local, national and international level. An interpretative and inductive approach is utilised, and a mixed method approach followed as it encapsulates the best of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The case studies focus on social enterprises in relation to tourism and community based tourism cooperatives as there are limited study and knowledge of these. Consequently, this research will contribute to the discourse on community based heritage tourism as an aspect of community development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title="collaboration">collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based%20heritage%20tourism" title=" community-based heritage tourism"> community-based heritage tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholders" title=" stakeholders"> stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72065/an-analysis-on-community-based-heritage-tourism-a-resource-for-a-small-community-in-rural-county-clare-ireland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19142</span> The Study of Applying Models: House, Temple and School for Sufficiency Development to Participate in ASEAN Economic Community: A Case Study of Trimitra Temple (China Town) Bangkok, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saowapa%20Phaithayawat">Saowapa Phaithayawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study are: 1) to study the impact of the 3-community-core model: House (H), Temple (T), and School (S) with the co-operation of official departments on community development to ASEAN economic community involvement, and 2) to study the procedures and extension of the model. The research which is a qualitative research based on formal and informal interviews. Local people in a community are observed. Group interview is also operated by executors and cooperators in the school in the community. In terms of social and cultural dimension, the 3-community-core model consisting of house, temple and school is the base of Thai cultures bringing about understanding, happiness and unity to the community. The result of this research is that the official departments in accompanied with this model developers cooperatively work together in the community to support such factors as budget, plan, activities. Moreover, the need of community, and the continual result to sustain the community are satisfied by the model implementation. In terms of the procedures of the model implementation, executors and co-operators can work, coordinate, think, and launch their public relation altogether. Concerning the model development, this enables the community to achieve its goal to prepare the community’s readiness for ASEAN Economic Community involvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN%20Economic%20Community" title="ASEAN Economic Community">ASEAN Economic Community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20applying%20models%20and%20sufficiency%20development" title=" the applying models and sufficiency development"> the applying models and sufficiency development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=house" title=" house"> house</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temple" title=" temple"> temple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school" title=" school"> school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11695/the-study-of-applying-models-house-temple-and-school-for-sufficiency-development-to-participate-in-asean-economic-community-a-case-study-of-trimitra-temple-china-town-bangkok-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19141</span> Operationalizing the Concept of Community Resilience through Community Capitals Framework-Based Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warda%20Ajaz">Warda Ajaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study uses the ‘Community Capitals Framework’ (CCF) to develop a community resilience index that can serve as a useful tool for measuring resilience of communities in diverse contexts and backgrounds. CCF is an important analytical tool to assess holistic community change. This framework identifies seven major types of community capitals: natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial and built, and claims that the communities that have been successful in supporting healthy sustainable community and economic development have paid attention to all these capitals. The framework, therefore, proposes to study the community development through identification of assets in these major capitals (stock), investment in these capitals (flow), and the interaction between these capitals. Capital based approaches have been extensively used to assess community resilience, especially in the context of natural disasters and extreme events. Therefore, this study identifies key indicators for estimating each of the seven capitals through an extensive literature review and then develops an index to calculate a community resilience score. The CCF-based community resilience index presents an innovative way of operationalizing the concept of community resilience and will contribute toward decision-relevant research regarding adaptation and mitigation of community vulnerabilities to climate change-induced, as well as other adverse events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20events" title="adverse events">adverse events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20capitals" title=" community capitals"> community capitals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20resilience" title=" community resilience"> community resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83329/operationalizing-the-concept-of-community-resilience-through-community-capitals-framework-based-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19140</span> Promotion of Public Participation in Community Planning, Bang Nang Li Sub-District, Amphawa District, Samutsongkhram Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai">Sakapas Saengchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilasinee%20Jintalikitdee"> Wilasinee Jintalikitdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matinee%20Kongsatit"> Matinee Kongsatit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natapol%20Puaprasert"> Natapol Puaprasert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study on promotion of public participation in community planning is a qualitative research. The data collection tools included participating observation, in-depth interview and focus group of executives of sub-district administrative organizations, sub-district headmen, community leaders of 5 villages, including civil society forums for exchanging ideas of village members. The study results revealed that key promotions of public participation in community planning were as follows: 1) Perception on public authorities’ information: Public relations should be set and information on community planning, key principles of local people participation should be prepared. Collaboration with community leaders in each village via sub-district administrative organizations should be established. 2) Discussion: In civil society forums, village members should brainstorm their opinions towards community development, village development, quality of life, current situation and problems to be revolved. 3) Participation: Members of each village should jointly participate, with community leaders, in setting sub-district development policies and community development projects. 4) Collaboration: To achieve goals, communities of each member should participate in project implementation and activities of community plans. 5) People power promotion: In each stage of communication planning, community leaders, village committees, local people should jointly set directions of village development and make decisions. This will enhance their joint learning and create community driving power. Community will become strong leading to sustainable self-reliance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=people%20participation" title="people participation">people participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20plans" title=" community plans"> community plans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title=" community development"> community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20driving%20power" title=" community driving power"> community driving power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9457/promotion-of-public-participation-in-community-planning-bang-nang-li-sub-district-amphawa-district-samutsongkhram-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19139</span> Women Empowerment and Sustainable Community Development: Understanding the Challenges for Responsive Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albert%20T.%20Akume">Albert T. Akume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankama%20G.%20Rosecana"> Ankama G. Rosecana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micheal%20Solomon"> Micheal Solomon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every citizen has rights that must be respected by others in the community. Ironically however, women in most communities are not accorded some of those rights as the male folks. This has not only facilitated their disempowerment but inhibited them from being treated with equal dignity that they deserve as their male counterpart; despite their valuable contribution to the society. Those forces against women empowerment are not limited to socio-cultural practices alone, but the character and nature of the state in Nigeria point to indicators of systemic and structural exclusion embedded in its framework. The consequence of this is that the vital contributions of women to sustainable community development have eluded many communities in Nigeria with adverse tell-tell signs on the environment. It is for this reason that the objective of this study is not only to highlight the causes and challenges associated with women disempowerment, but also to draw attention to the need to correct those anomaly against women in order to genuinely empower them to contribute to sustainable community development in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20development" title="capacity development">capacity development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability" title=" social sustainability"> social sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20empowerment" title=" women empowerment"> women empowerment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28130/women-empowerment-and-sustainable-community-development-understanding-the-challenges-for-responsive-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19138</span> Variables for Measuring the Impact of the Social Enterprises in the Field of Community Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Irudaya%20Veni%20Mary">A. Irudaya Veni Mary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Victor%20Louis%20Anthuvan"> M. Victor Louis Anthuvan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Christie"> P. Christie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Indira"> A. Indira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, social enterprises are working to create social value in various fields including education; health; women and child development; environment protection and community development. Although social enterprises have brought about tremendous changes in the lives of beneficiaries, the importance of their works is not understood thoroughly. One of the ways to prove themselves is to measure the impact, which in recent times has received much attention. This paper focuses on the study of social value created by the social enterprises in the field of community development. It also aims to put forth a research tool for measuring the social value created by the social enterprises in the field of community development. A close-ended interview schedule was prepared to measure the social value creation and it was administered among 60 beneficiaries of two social enterprises who work in the field of community development. The study results show that the social enterprises have brought four types of impact in the life of their beneficiaries; economic impact, social impact, political impact and cultural impact. This study is limited to the social enterprises those who work towards community development. This empirical finding will enable the reader to understand various types of social value created by the social enterprises working in the field of community development. This study will also serve as guide for social enterprises in community development activities to measure their impact and thereby improve their operation towards the betterment of the society. This paper is derived from an empirical research carried out to describe the different types of social value created by the social enterprises in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20enterprise" title="social enterprise">social enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20entrepreneurs" title=" social entrepreneurs"> social entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20impact" title=" social impact"> social impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20value" title=" social value"> social value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20for%20social%20impact%20measurement" title=" tool for social impact measurement"> tool for social impact measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82762/variables-for-measuring-the-impact-of-the-social-enterprises-in-the-field-of-community-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19137</span> Involvement in Community Planning: The Case Study of Bang Nang Li Community, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai">Sakapas Saengchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vilasinee%20Jintalikhitdee"> Vilasinee Jintalikhitdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathinee%20Khongsatid"> Mathinee Khongsatid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattapol%20Pourprasert"> Nattapol Pourprasert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studied the participation of people of the five villages of Bang Nang Li Community in Ampawa District, Samut Songkram Province, in designing community planning. The population was 2,755 villagers from the 5 villages with 349 people sampled. The level of involvement was measured by using Likert Five Scale for: preparing readiness of local people in the community, providing information for community and self analysis and learning, designing goals and directions for community development, designing strategic plans for community projects, and operating according to the plans. All process items reported a medium level of involvement except the item of preparing readiness for local people that presented the highest mean score. A test of a correlation between personal factors and level of involvement in designing the community planning unveiled no correlation between gender, age and career. Contrarily, the findings revealed that the villagers’ educational level and community membership status had a correlation with their level of involvement in designing the community planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title="community development">community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20planning" title=" community planning"> community planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=people%20participation" title=" people participation"> people participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20level" title=" educational level"> educational level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9760/involvement-in-community-planning-the-case-study-of-bang-nang-li-community-samut-songkram-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19136</span> The Success of Local Community Participation in Ecotourism Site: A Case Study of Sukau</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awangku%20Hassanal%20Bahar%20Pengiran%20Bagul">Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran Bagul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ecotourism has been the signature tourism activity for Sabah since the 90s, and it has become a model of sustainable tourism development for Malaysia due to its ability to enhance conservation activities and local community development. This paper outlines the experience in developing indicators for the success of the local community participation of an ecotourism site, Sukau, in Sabah. The research was qualitative in nature and employed case study as its methodology. The outcome of this research suggested that Sukau has a mixed success with local community participation for the ecotourism activity. The community is in need of coaching and capacity building to intensify the ecotourism activity However, the ecotourism has successfully promoted conservation at its surrounding area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title="community">community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecotourism" title=" ecotourism"> ecotourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=success" title=" success"> success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68506/the-success-of-local-community-participation-in-ecotourism-site-a-case-study-of-sukau" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19135</span> People Participation as Social Capital Form for Realizing Sustainable Ecotourism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Putu%20Eka%20N.%20Kencana">I. Putu Eka N. Kencana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Wayan%20Mertha"> I. Wayan Mertha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A variety of research’s evidence suggests that community involvement is one of the vital elements in the development of sustainable tourism. As an entity of the tourism system, local communities are considered have better understanding of their region as well as influenced positively or negatively by the tourism activities in the region. This study elaborates role of community involvement in the development of ecotourism in Kintamani Bali from two perspectives of view, namely participation in the process of initiatives development and participation in the economic benefits of tourism. As one element of social capital form, community participation on the development and management of ecotourism in Kintamani, could be expected maintain its sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20involvement" title="community involvement">community involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecotourism" title=" ecotourism"> ecotourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9517/people-participation-as-social-capital-form-for-realizing-sustainable-ecotourism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19134</span> Product Development Process to Obtain Community Standard Product Certificate: A Case of Bangkhonthi, Samut Songkhram, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supattra%20Pranee">Supattra Pranee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this research were to study the product development process to obtain a community standard product certificate and to set a guideline for the product development process to obtain the community product certificate. Focus group discussion was conducted with many experts in the field, local government officials, and representatives from local producers in Bangkontee district. The findings revealed that there were eight important processes to obtain the community product certificate: 1) prepare document, 2) submit the document, 3) set up an appointment for onsite inspection, 4) onsite inspection and sample collections, 5) evaluate samples, 6) obtain test result, and 7) obtain certificate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20values" title="perceived values">perceived values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20destination" title=" tourist destination"> tourist destination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visiting" title=" visiting"> visiting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20development" title=" product development"> product development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10524/product-development-process-to-obtain-community-standard-product-certificate-a-case-of-bangkhonthi-samut-songkhram-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19133</span> The Making of a Community: Perception versus Reality of Neighborhood Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirstie%20Smith">Kirstie Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper elucidates the value of neighborhood perception as it contributes to the advancement of well-being for individuals and families within a neighborhood. Through in-depth interviews with city residents, this paper examines the degree to which key stakeholders’ (residents) evaluate their neighborhood and perception of resources and identify, access, and utilize local assets existing in the community. Additionally, the research objective included conducting a community inventory that qualified the community assets and resources of lower-income neighborhoods of a medium-sized industrial city. Analysis of the community’s assets was compared with the interview results to allow for a better understanding of the community’s condition. Community mapping revealed the key informants’ reflections of assets were somewhat validated. In each neighborhood, there were more assets mapped than reported in the interviews. Another chief supposition drawn from this study was the identification of key development partners and social networks that offer the potential to facilitate locally-driven community development. Overall, the participants provided invaluable local knowledge of the perception of neighborhood assets, the well-being of residents, the condition of the community, and suggestions for responding to the challenges of the entire community in order to mobilize the present assets and networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20mapping" title="community mapping">community mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks" title=" social networks"> social networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54255/the-making-of-a-community-perception-versus-reality-of-neighborhood-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19132</span> Model of Community Management for Sustainable Utilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luedech%20Girdwichai">Luedech Girdwichai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Withaya%20Mekhum"> Withaya Mekhum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research intended to develop the model of community management for sustainable utilization by investigating on 2 groups of population, the family heads and the community management team. The population of the former group consisted of family heads from 511 families in 12 areas to complete the questionnaires which were returned at 479 sets. The latter group consisted of the community management team of 12 areas with 1 representative from each area to give the interview. The questionnaires for the family heads consisted of 2 main parts; general information such as occupations, etc. in the form of checklist. The second part dealt with the data on self reliance community development based on 4P Framework, i.e., People (human resource) development, Place (area) development, Product (economic and income source) development, and Plan (community plan) development in the form of rating scales. Data in the 1st part were calculated to find frequency and percentage while those in the 2nd part were analyzed to find arithmetic mean and SD. Data from the 2nd group of population or the community management team were derived from focus group to find factors influencing successful management together with the in depth interview which were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results showed that 479 family heads reported that the aspect on the implementation of community plan to self reliance community activities based on Sufficient Economy Philosophy and the 4P was at the average of 3.28 or moderate level. When considering in details, it was found that the 1st aspect was on the area development with the mean of 3.71 or high level followed by human resource development with the mean of 3.44 or moderate level, then, economic and source of income development with the mean of 3.09 or moderate level. The last aspect was community plan development with the mean of 2.89. The results from the small group discussion revealed some factors and guidelines for successful community management as follows: 1) on the People (human resource) development aspect, there was a project to support and develop community leaders. 2) On the aspect of Place (area) development, there was a development on conservative tourism areas. 3) On the aspect of Product (economic and source of income) development, the community leaders promoted the setting of occupational group, saving group, and product processing group. 4) On the aspect of Plan (community plan) development, there was a prioritization through public hearing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20of%20community%20management" title="model of community management">model of community management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20utilization" title=" sustainable utilization"> sustainable utilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20heads" title=" family heads"> family heads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20management%20team" title=" community management team"> community management team</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10580/model-of-community-management-for-sustainable-utilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19131</span> Community Based Tourism and Development in Third World Countries: The Case of the Bamileke Region of Cameroon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngono%20Mindzeng%20Terencia">Ngono Mindzeng Terencia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community based tourism, as a sustainable tourism approach, has been adopted as a tool for development among local communities in third world countries with income generation as the main driver. However, an analysis of community based tourism and development brings to light another driving force which is paramount to development strategies in the difficult conditions of third world countries: this driving force is “place revitalization”. This paper seeks to assess the relevance of “place revitalization” to the enhancement of development within the challenging context of developing countries. The research provides a community based tourism model to development in third world countries through a three step process based on awareness, mentoring and empowerment at the local level. It also tries to examine how effectively this model can address the development problems faced by the local communities of third world countries. The case study for this research is the Bamiléké region of Cameroon, the breeding ground of community based tourism initiatives and a region facing the difficulties of third world countries that are great impediments to community based tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title=" empowerment"> empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20communities" title=" local communities"> local communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring" title=" mentoring"> mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place%20revitalization" title=" place revitalization"> place revitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20world%20countries" title=" third world countries"> third world countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74710/community-based-tourism-and-development-in-third-world-countries-the-case-of-the-bamileke-region-of-cameroon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19130</span> Comparative Sustainability Assessment as a Gauge of Sustainable Community Development in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20B.%20van%20Schalkwyk">B. B. van Schalkwyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20B.%20Schoeman"> C. B. Schoeman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20J.%20Cilliers"> E. J. Cilliers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High levels of urbanisation and the lingering effects of Apartheid have caused South African municipalities to experience difficulties in planning for sustainability and, more specifically, sustainable community development. Sustainable community development is needed in order to achieve more integrated and sustainable towns and cities with an improved living environment and a higher quality of life. Due to this, sustainable community development is of particular relevance to South Africa. Although policies and legislation exist at international, national and local level, there is a lack of suitable planning instruments to guide sustainable community development. Tlokwe Local Municipality is researched in this paper as study area to test and develop planning instruments for sustainable community development. A comparative assessment matrix of sustainability indicators is linked to Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) and applied to identify the themes and sub-themes applicable to sustainability in which intervention is required to improve the sustainability rating of the municipality. The result of the comparative sustainability assessment is that the Tlokwe Local Municipality is considered to be relatively sustainable, performing overall better than the three spheres of government against which it was measured. It is recommended that municipalities use the comparative assessment matrix method to determine its level of sustainability when developing respective sectorial plans (SDFs, ITPs, EMFs and IDPs). Areas in which there is a lack of sustainability are highlighted and can consequently be addressed through intervention strategies. The comparative assessment matrix method is a valuable planning instrument with which to achieve sustainable community development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20community%20development" title="sustainable community development">sustainable community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20indicators" title=" sustainability indicators"> sustainability indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20sustainability" title=" comparative sustainability"> comparative sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanisation" title=" urbanisation"> urbanisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20planning" title=" development planning"> development planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20management" title=" urban management"> urban management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3749/comparative-sustainability-assessment-as-a-gauge-of-sustainable-community-development-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19129</span> The Development of Community Leadership Strategies for Career Development of the Benjarong Pottery Products in Eight Upper Central Provinces </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanaporn%20Chaimongkol">Thanaporn Chaimongkol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research was aimed to examine the factors that influence the development of community leadership strategies to further develop the career regarding the Benjarong pottery products in eight upper central provinces, Thailand. The sample included (1) 1200 Benjarong pottery operators, (2) 30 involved representatives at both the policy level and support, and (3) OTOP network of 24 people. In this quantitative study, investigating data was conducted on individual session basis. The research instruments used included questionnaires and interview. The results showed that the components of the development of the community leadership strategies for career development of the Benjarong pottery products in eight upper central provinces were high overall; the Five Competitive Forces were of the highest average, followed by bargaining power of suppliers, and McKinsey 7's framework, respectively; where the highest average was strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20leadership" title="community leadership">community leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy%20development" title=" strategy development"> strategy development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjarong%20Pottery" title=" Benjarong Pottery"> Benjarong Pottery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=8%20upper%20central%20provinces" title=" 8 upper central provinces "> 8 upper central provinces </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17826/the-development-of-community-leadership-strategies-for-career-development-of-the-benjarong-pottery-products-in-eight-upper-central-provinces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19128</span> Suburban Large Residential Area Development Strategy with an Example of Liangzhu Culture Village in Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Fang">Liang Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of the large suburban residential area is a product of the leap development during the rapid urbanization process in China. On the process of the large-scale development of large settlements in a short time, various problems arose in the suburban residential area, such as spatial layout being disorder, basic facilities construction lagging behind and being unreasonable, residential neighborhood space and street culture missing. Aimed at the contradictions mentioned above, exploring a way is imminent to construct appropriate residential area. We select a typical Liangzhu Culture Village in Hangzhou and put forward functional composite residential area of fine development strategy, along which business promotes and assists community autonomy and then a good community culture is constructed. All in all, the development and construction mode, contributing to an all-people and full-time participation, is beneficial to create a harmonious community of sustainable development, which gives good implication to a single enterprise development city real estate projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20autonomy" title="community autonomy">community autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20and%20construction%20mode" title=" development and construction mode"> development and construction mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20composite" title=" functional composite"> functional composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suburban%20large%20residential%20area" title=" suburban large residential area"> suburban large residential area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67201/suburban-large-residential-area-development-strategy-with-an-example-of-liangzhu-culture-village-in-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19127</span> Community Development and Preservation of Heritage in Igbo Area of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elochukwu%20A.%20Nwankwo">Elochukwu A. Nwankwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20U.%20Agboeze"> Matthias U. Agboeze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many heritage sites abound in the shores of Nigeria with enormous tourism potentials. Heritage sites do not only depict the cultural and historical transmutation of people but also functions in the image design and promotion of a locality. This reveals the unique role of heritage sites to structural development of an area. Heritage sites have of recent been a victim of degradation and social abuse arising from seasonal ignorance; hence minimizing its potentials to the socio-economic development of an area. This paper is emphasizing on the adoption of community development approaches in heritage preservation in Igbo area. Its modalities, applications, challenges and prospect were discussed. Such understanding will serve as a catalyst in aiding general restoration and preservation of heritage sites in Nigeria and other African states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20resources" title="heritage resources">heritage resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title=" community development"> community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservation" title=" preservation"> preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approaches" title=" approaches"> approaches</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6192/community-development-and-preservation-of-heritage-in-igbo-area-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19126</span> A Case Study of Open Source Development Practices within a Large Company Setting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alma%20Orucevic-Alagic">Alma Orucevic-Alagic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20H%C3%B6st"> Martin Höst</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Open source communities have demonstrated that complex and enterprise grade software can be produced, supported, and maintained by self-organizing groups of developers using primarily electronic form of communication. Due to the inherent nature of open source development, a specific set of open source software development practices has evolved. While there is an ongoing research on the topic of applicability of open source development practices within a company setting, still little is known about their benefits and challenges. The objective of this research is to understand if and to what degree open source development practices observed within a mature open source community are aligned with development practices within a large software and hardware company setting. For the purpose of this case study a set of open source development practices that are present in a mature open source community has been identified. Then, development practices of a large, international, hardware and software company based in Sweden were assessed and compared to the identified open source community practices. It is shown that there are many similarities between a mature open source community and a large company setting in regard to software development practices. We also identify practices that exist in open source communities and that are not standard within a company setting, but whose implementation can result in an improved software development efficiency within the company setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20practices" title="development practices">development practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20source%20software" title=" open source software"> open source software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innersource" title=" innersource"> innersource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20open%20source" title=" closed open source"> closed open source</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13154/a-case-study-of-open-source-development-practices-within-a-large-company-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">558</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19125</span> Analysis of Social Factors for Achieving Social Resilience in Communities of Indonesia Special Economic Zone as a Strategy for Developing Program Management Frameworks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inda%20Annisa%20Fauzani">Inda Annisa Fauzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahayu%20Setyawati%20Arifin"> Rahayu Setyawati Arifin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of Special Economic Zones in Indonesia cannot be separated from the development of the communities in them. In accordance with the SEZ's objectives as a driver of economic growth, the focus of SEZ development does not only prioritize investment receipts and infrastructure development. The community as one of the stakeholders must also be considered. This becomes a challenge when the development of an SEZ has the potential to have an impact on the community in it. These impacts occur due to changes in the development of the area in the form of changes in the main regional industries and changes in the main livelihoods of the community. As a result, people can feel threats and disturbances. The community as the object of development is required to be able to have resilience in order to achieve a synergy between regional development and community development. A lack of resilience in the community can eliminate the ability to recover from disturbances and difficulty to adapt to changes that occur in their area. Social resilience is the ability of the community to be able to recover from disturbances and changes that occur. The achievement of social resilience occurs when the community gradually has the capacity in the form of coping capacity, adaptive capacity, and transformative capacity. It is hoped that when social resilience is achieved, the community will be able to develop linearly with regional development so that the benefits of this development can have a positive impact on these communities. This study aims to identify and analyze social factors that influence the achievement of social resilience in the community in Special Economic Zones in Indonesia and develop a program framework for achieving social resilience capacity in the community so that it can be used as a strategy to support the successful development of Special Economic Zones in Indonesia that provide benefits to the local community. This study uses a quantitative research method approach. Questionnaires are used as research instruments which are distributed to predetermined respondents. Respondents in this study were determined by using purposive sampling of the people living in areas that were developed into Special Economic Zones. Respondents were given a questionnaire containing questions about the influence of social factors on the achievement of social resilience. As x variables, 42 social factors are provided, while social resilience is used as y variables. The data collected from the respondents is analyzed in SPSS using Spearman Correlation to determine the relation between x and y variables. The correlated factors are then used as the basis for the preparation of programs to increase social resilience capacity in the community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title="community development">community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20management" title=" program management"> program management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20factor" title=" social factor"> social factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20resilience" title=" social resilience"> social resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150249/analysis-of-social-factors-for-achieving-social-resilience-in-communities-of-indonesia-special-economic-zone-as-a-strategy-for-developing-program-management-frameworks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19124</span> 'English in Tourism' in the Project 'English for Community'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Duc%20An">Nguyen Duc An</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To the movement towards learning community, creating friendly, positive and appropriate learning environments which best suit the local features is the most salient and decisive factor of the development and success of that learning society. With the aim at building such an English language learning community for the inhabitants in Moc Chau - the national tourist zone, Tay Bac University has successfully designed and deployed the program ‘English in Tourism’ in the project ‘English for Community’. With the strong attachment to the local reality and close knit to the certain communicative situations, this program which was carefully designed and compiled with interesting and practical activities, has greatly helped the locals confidently introduce and popularize the natural beauty, unique culture and specific characteristics of Moc Chau to the foreign tourists; in addition, reinforce awareness of the native culture of the local people as well as improve the professional development in tourism and service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20for%20community" title="English for community">English for community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20society" title=" learning society"> learning society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20community" title=" learning community"> learning community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20in%20tourism" title=" English in tourism"> English in tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38401/english-in-tourism-in-the-project-english-for-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19123</span> Community‐Based Participatory Research in Elderly Health Care of Paisanee Ramintra 65 Community, Bangkok, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kulprasutidilok">A. Kulprasutidilok </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to address the social factors of elderly health care, researcher and community members have turned to more inclusive and participatory approaches to research and interventions. One such approach, community-based participatory research (CBPR) in public health, has received increased attention as the academic and public health communities struggle to address the persistent problems of disparities in the use of health care and health outcomes for several over the past decade. As Thailand becomes an ageing society, health services and proper care systems specifically for the elderly group need to be prepared and well established. The purpose of this assignment was to study the health problems and was to explore the process of community participation in elderly health care. Participants in this study were member of elderly group of Paisanee Ramintra 65 community in Bangkok, Thailand. The results indicated two important components of community participation process in elderly health care: 1) a process to develop community participation in elderly health care, and 2) outcomes resulting from such process. The development of community participation consisted of four processes. As for the outcomes of the community participation development process, they consisted of elderly in the community got jointly and formulated a group, which strengthened the project because of collaborative supervision among themselves. Moreover, inactive health care services have changed to being energetic and focus on health promotion rather than medical achievement and elderly association of community can perform health care activities for chronically illness through the achievement of this development; consequently, they increasingly gained access to physical, cognitive, and social activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based%20participatory%20research" title="community-based participatory research">community-based participatory research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title=" elderly"> elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heath%20care" title=" heath care"> heath care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand." title=" Thailand."> Thailand.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44379/communitybased-participatory-research-in-elderly-health-care-of-paisanee-ramintra-65-community-bangkok-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19122</span> Participation, Network, Women’s Competency, and Government Policy Affecting on Community Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nopsarun%20Vannasirikul">Nopsarun Vannasirikul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research paper were to study the current situations of community development, women’s potentials, women’s participation, network, and government policy as well as to study the factors influencing women’s potentials, women’s participation, network, and government policy that have on the community development. The population included the women age of 18 years old who were living in the communities of Bangkok areas. This study was a mix research method of quantitative and qualitative method. A simple random sampling method was utilized to obtain 400 sample groups from 50 districts of Bangkok and to perform data collection by using questionnaire. Also, a purposive sampling method was utilized to obtain 12 informants for an in-depth interview to gain an in-sight information for quantitative method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title="community development">community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%E2%80%99s%20right" title=" women’s right"> women’s right</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90186/participation-network-womens-competency-and-government-policy-affecting-on-community-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19121</span> A Case Study: Community Forestry in Nepal: Achievements and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhmika%20Raiu">Bhmika Raiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The community forestry programme in Nepal officially started in the late 1970s. Since then concerning movement has been evolving to involve local communities in the management and utilization of forests. The policy of the government was originally intended to meet the basic forest products required by the communities through active participation in forest development and management. Later, it was expanded to include the mobilization and empowerment of the members of community forest user groups in the development of their local communities. It was observed that the trend of forest degradation has decreased since the handing over of national forests to local communities, but a number of unintended social anomalies have also cropped up. Such anomalies essentially constitute of the inequity and unfairness in the local and national level and in terms of long-term sustainability of forest resources. This paper provides an overview of various issues of community forestry, especially focusing on the major achievements made in community forestry. It calls for rethinking the community forestry programme in order to face the present day challenges of linking community forestry with livelihood promotion, good governance, and sustainable forest management. It also lays out strategies for reforms in community forestry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20promotion" title=" livelihood promotion"> livelihood promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievements" title=" achievements"> achievements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43329/a-case-study-community-forestry-in-nepal-achievements-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19120</span> Inclusive Business Development: A Case Study of Developing Community-Operated Business Venture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Linna">Paula Linna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the recent years interest in inclusive business has increased. Still, research on inclusive business development is at infancy. This study provides empirical evidence on inclusive business development of mini-grid solution for the rural African communities. This study tests how well the insights of creation theory can explain inclusive business development process which often occurs under uncertainty due to demands for developing new technology, new business model and establishing business in new market. These several uncertain elements of business development impact what kind of business strategies the entrepreneur can practice and what kind of decision making tools to use. In addition, community engagement is essential for the successful operative management of a mini-grid solution. This study advances the understanding of inclusive business development and can be used as the foundation for future work to facilitate the process of new business venture creation at the BOP particularly when developing community-operated entrepreneurship model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creation%20theory" title="creation theory">creation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20of%20the%20pyramid%20%28BOP%29" title=" base of the pyramid (BOP)"> base of the pyramid (BOP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-operated%20entrepreneurship" title=" community-operated entrepreneurship"> community-operated entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20African%20communities" title=" rural African communities"> rural African communities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9557/inclusive-business-development-a-case-study-of-developing-community-operated-business-venture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19119</span> A New Development Pathway And Innovative Solutions Through Food Security System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osatuyi%20Kehinde%20Micheal">Osatuyi Kehinde Micheal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is much research that has contributed to an improved understanding of the future of food security, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pathway was developed by using a local community kitchen in Muizenberg in western cape province, cape town, south Africa, a case study to map out the future of food security in times of crisis. This kitchen aims to provide nutritious, affordable, plant-based meals to our community. It is also a place of diverse learning, sharing, empowering the volunteers, and growth to support the local economy and future resilience by sustaining our community kitchen for the community. This document contains an overview of the story of the community kitchen on how we create self-sustainability as a new pathway development to sustain the community and reduce Zero hunger in the regional food system. This paper describes the key elements of how we respond to covid-19 pandemic by sharing food parcels and creating 13 soup kitchens across the community to tackle the immediate response to covid-19 pandemic and agricultural systems by growing home food gardening in different homes, also having a consciousness Dry goods store to reduce Zero waste and a local currency as an innovation to reduce food crisis. Insights gained from our article and outreach and their value in how we create adaptation, transformation, and sustainability as a new development pathway to solve any future problem crisis in the food security system in our society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title=" community development"> community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adapatation" title=" adapatation"> adapatation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162930/a-new-development-pathway-and-innovative-solutions-through-food-security-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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