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href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="الفريد بيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفريد بيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Бейт, Альфред – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бейт, Альфред" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alfred Beit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">German born businessman and mining magnate in South Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British politician, art collector and philanthropist, see <a href="/wiki/Sir_Alfred_Beit,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Alfred Beit, 2nd Baronet">Sir Alfred Beit, 2nd Baronet</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alfred Beit</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Beit00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alfred_Beit00.jpg/220px-Alfred_Beit00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alfred_Beit00.jpg/330px-Alfred_Beit00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alfred_Beit00.jpg/440px-Alfred_Beit00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1501" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Alfred Beit, by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boldini" title="Giovanni Boldini">Giovanni Boldini</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1853-02-15</span>)</span>15 February 1853<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 July 1906<span style="display:none">(1906-07-16)</span> (aged 53)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Tewin" title="Tewin">Tewin</a>, Hertfordshire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alfred Beit</b> (15 February 1853 – 16 July 1906) was an Anglo-German gold and <a href="/wiki/Diamond_magnate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond magnate">diamond magnate</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and a major donor and <a href="/wiki/Profiteering_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Profiteering (business)">profiteer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> development on the African continent. He also donated much money to university education and research in several countries, and was the "silent partner" who structured the capital flight from post-Boer War South Africa to <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia_(region)" title="Rhodesia (region)">Rhodesia</a>. Beit's assets were structured around the so-called Corner House Group, which through its holdings in various companies controlled 37 per cent of the gold produced at the Witwatersrand's goldfields in Johannesburg in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-Rönnbäck_2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rönnbäck_2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Beit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laura_Beit00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Laura_Beit00.jpg/220px-Laura_Beit00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Laura_Beit00.jpg/330px-Laura_Beit00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Laura_Beit00.jpg/440px-Laura_Beit00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>Mrs Laura Beit (Alfred and Otto Beit's mother), by <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Graf_von_Kalckreuth" title="Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth">Leopold von Kalckreuth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Born and brought up in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>, he was the eldest son and second of six children of an affluent Jewish-German citizen of Hamburg. His younger siblings included <a href="/wiki/Otto_Beit" title="Otto Beit">Otto Beit</a>. Alfred Beit was an unpromising scholar and was apprenticed to <a href="/wiki/Jules_Porg%C3%A8s" title="Jules Porgès">Jules Porgès & Cie</a>, the Amsterdam diamond firm where he developed a talent for examining stones.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beit made his first fortune in property speculation in South Africa. Responding to a demand for business premises, he bought a piece of land and built twelve corrugated iron sheds for offices and rented eleven out monthly and kept one for himself. Twelve years later he sold the land for a considerable profit.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beit was sent to <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimberley, South Africa">Kimberly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> in 1875 by his firm to buy diamonds—following the diamond strike at Kimberley. He became a business friend of <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a> through his role in the Kimberley Central Company. Beit was captivated by Rhodes's talk of 'big schemes'.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, they proceeded to buy out digging ventures and to eliminate opposition such as <a href="/wiki/Barney_Barnato" title="Barney Barnato">Barney Barnato</a>. He rapidly became one of a group of financiers who gained control of the diamond-mining claims in the Central, Dutoitspan, and <a href="/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers">De Beers</a> mines. Rhodes was the active politician and Beit provided a lot of the planning and financial backing. </p><p>Beit's diamond interests were mainly concentrated on Kimberley mine. He focused his main attention on the Kimberley Central Company aiming to expand its interests. He had a major role in the rise of Kimberley Central Company.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1886 Beit extended his interests to the newly discovered goldfields of the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> and met with great success. In his business ventures there he made use of financiers <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Eckstein" title="Hermann Eckstein">Hermann Eckstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Benjamin_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Benjamin Robinson">Sir Joseph Robinson</a>. He founded the Robertson Syndicate and the firm of Wernher, Beit & Co. He imported mining engineers from the US and was among the first to adopt deep-level mining. Rhodes purportedly was granted concessions by <a href="/wiki/Lobengula" title="Lobengula">Lobengula</a>, as a result of which Beit founded the <a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company" title="British South Africa Company">British South Africa Company</a> in 1888. </p><p>Beit became life-governor of De Beers and also a director of numerous other companies such as Rand Mines, Rhodesia Railways and the Beira Railway Company. His South-African assets formed the basis for the Corner House Group, which both controlled holding-companies like the Rand Mines and acted as an important network for several of the leading <a href="/wiki/Randlords" class="mw-redirect" title="Randlords">Randlords</a> of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Rönnbäck_2019_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rönnbäck_2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1888 Beit moved to London when he felt he was better able to manage his financial empire and support Rhodes in his Southern African ambitions. Beit moved into Tewin Water, <a href="/wiki/Tewin" title="Tewin">Tewin</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Welwyn" title="Welwyn">Welwyn</a>, a large Regency house with Victorian additions and 7,000 acres (28 km<sup>2</sup>), and a few miles away <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wernher" title="Julius Wernher">Julius Wernher</a> bought <a href="/wiki/Luton_Hoo" title="Luton Hoo">Luton Hoo</a>, with 5,218 acres (21.1 km<sup>2</sup>). In the 1890s, he had a mansion built in <a href="/wiki/Park_Lane" title="Park Lane">Park Lane</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aldford_House" title="Aldford House">Aldford House</a>. </p><p>Inspired by Rhodes's imperialist vision,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> he took part in the planning and financing of the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid</a> of late 1895 which was intended to trigger a coup in the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> in the Transvaal. As a result of this debacle, Rhodes resigned as Prime Minister, and both he and Beit were found guilty by the House of Commons inquiry. Beit was obliged to resign as director of the British South Africa Company,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was elected vice-president a few years later. With the death of Rhodes in 1902, Beit, as one of the trustees, helped control the enormous estate, currently being helped by the <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Oppenheimer" title="Ernest Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</a> family of <a href="/wiki/De_Beers" title="De Beers">De Beers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo-American</a>. </p><p>Beit never married and had no children. He died at Tewin Water on 16 July 1906 after seeing a rapid deterioration in his health. He left an estate of £8,049,886 (equivalent to £1.05 billion in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UKGDP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UKGDP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-jewishtopwealth_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishtopwealth-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Beit_Trust_and_other_donations">The Beit Trust and other donations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Beit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Beit Trust and other donations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ImperialCollegeLondon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/ImperialCollegeLondon.jpg/220px-ImperialCollegeLondon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/ImperialCollegeLondon.jpg/330px-ImperialCollegeLondon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/ImperialCollegeLondon.jpg/440px-ImperialCollegeLondon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Imperial College, London</figcaption></figure> <p>During his lifetime, Beit made generous donations for scientific work and education. In 1905 he founded a chair of colonial history at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, which is now the <i><a href="/wiki/Beit_Professor_of_Commonwealth_History" title="Beit Professor of Commonwealth History">Beit Professorship of History of the British Commonwealth</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1906 he made the donation of two million mark to the stock capital of the <i>Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung</i>, a charity dedicated to spend its interest for the benefit of a precursor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">University of Hamburg</a>. </p><p>In his will he set up the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beit Trust (page does not exist)">Beit Trust</a> through which he bequeathed large sums of money (£1,200,000) for infrastructure development in the former Northern and Southern Rhodesia, later modified to university education and research in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant infrastructure projects financed by the Trust include the <a href="/wiki/Birchenough_Bridge" title="Birchenough Bridge">Birchenough Bridge</a> in the former Southern Rhodesia, named after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Birchenough" title="Henry Birchenough">Sir Henry Birchenough</a>, chairman of the Beit Trust from 1931 until 1937 and whose ashes are buried beneath the structure of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Freeman_(1880%E2%80%931950)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Freeman (1880–1950)">Ralph Freeman</a>, the bridge's designer, was also the structural designer on the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge" title="Sydney Harbour Bridge">Sydney Harbour Bridge</a> and consequently the two bridges bear a close resemblance, although Birchenough is only two-thirds as long as the Australian bridge. It was built by Dorman Long and completed in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a length of 1,080 feet (329 m) it was the third longest single-arch suspension bridge in the world at the time. </p><p>In recognition of his bequests the <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Mines" title="Royal School of Mines">Royal School of Mines</a>, a faculty of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>, erected a large memorial to Beit flanking the entrance to its building. The Imperial College <a href="/wiki/Dormitory#United_Kingdom" title="Dormitory">hall of residence</a> on <a href="/wiki/Prince_Consort_Road" title="Prince Consort Road">Prince Consort Road</a> was named <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hall" title="Beit Hall">Beit Hall</a> after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Beit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Beit" title="Otto Beit">Sir Otto Beit</a>, 1st Bt (1865–1930), his brother</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lane_Beit" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Lane Beit">Sir Alfred Beit</a>, 2nd Bt (1903–1994), his nephew</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Beit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rönnbäck_2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rönnbäck_2019_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rönnbäck_2019_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See chapter 12 in Rönnbäck & Broberg (2019) Capital and <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a>. The Return on British Investments in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> 1869-1969 (Palgrave Studies in Economic History)</</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeredith2007" class="citation book cs1">Meredith, Martin (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diamondsgoldwarb00mere"><i>Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa</i></a></span>. New York: PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781586484736" title="Special:BookSources/9781586484736"><bdi>9781586484736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diamonds%2C+Gold%2C+and+War%3A+The+British%2C+the+Boers%2C+and+the+Making+of+South+Africa&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781586484736&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiamondsgoldwarb00mere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Beit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert I. Rotberg, 1988, <i>The Founder: Cecil Rhodes and the Pursuit of Power</i>, Oxford University Press, p. 547.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UKGDP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UKGDP_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product_deflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product deflator">Gross Domestic Product deflator</a> figures follow the <i>MeasuringWorth</i> "consistent series" supplied in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasWilliamson2024" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/ukgdp/">"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+U.K.+GDP+Then%3F&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Ryland&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Samuel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.measuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukgdp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Beit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewishtopwealth-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jewishtopwealth_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinstein2001" class="citation journal cs1">Rubinstein, William (2001). "Jewish top wealth-holders in Britain, 1809–1909". <i>Jewish Historical Studies</i>. <b>37</b>: 135. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29780032">29780032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Jewish+top+wealth-holders+in+Britain%2C+1809%E2%80%931909&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=135&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29780032%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rubinstein&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Beit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Oxford, Faculty of History. URL <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/staff/postholder/brown_jm.htm">http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/staff/postholder/brown_jm.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615200523/http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/staff/postholder/brown_jm.htm">Archived</a> 15 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beittrust.org.uk">"HOME"</a>. <i>www.beittrust.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.beittrust.org.uk&rft.atitle=HOME&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beittrust.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Beit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhodesianheritage.blogspot.com/2010/02/birchenough-bridge.html">"Our Rhodesian Heritage: Birchenough Bridge"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Rhodesian+Heritage%3A+Birchenough+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frhodesianheritage.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F02%2Fbirchenough-bridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Beit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Beit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbrecht2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henning_Albrecht" title="Henning Albrecht">Albrecht, Henning</a> (2012). <i>Alfred Beit: The Hamburg Diamond King</i>. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-943423-01-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-943423-01-3"><bdi>978-3-943423-01-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfred+Beit%3A+The+Hamburg+Diamond+King&rft.place=Hamburg&rft.pub=Hamburg+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-943423-01-3&rft.aulast=Albrecht&rft.aufirst=Henning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Beit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.sub.uni-hamburg.de/hup/products-page/publikationen/108/">online</a></dd></dl> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77802#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77802#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117583391">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2006032659">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Beit, Alfred"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20231196293&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258301505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117583391.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117583391">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/137428871">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6cg085m">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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