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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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<div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-先創語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#先創語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>先創語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-先創語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非先創語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非先創語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>非先創語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非先創語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">先創語言與非先創語言</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。12种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_a_priori" title="Llingües a priori – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües a priori" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Апрыёрная мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апрыёрная мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_(languages)" title="A priori (languages) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="A priori (languages)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apriora_lingvo" title="Apriora lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apriora lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_a_priori" title="Lenguas a priori – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas a priori" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_nyelvek" title="A priori nyelvek – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A priori nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="アプリオリ言語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アプリオリ言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_aprioryczny" title="Język aprioryczny – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język aprioryczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_artificial_a_priori" title="Língua artificial a priori – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua artificial a priori" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Априорный язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Априорный язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_(languages)" title="A priori (languages) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="A priori (languages)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Апріорна мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апріорна мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q278379#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目已<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:列明來源">列出參考文獻</a>，但<b>因為沒有<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8" title="Help:脚注">文內引註</a>而使來源仍然不明</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年10月10日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请加上合适的文內引註来<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>先創語言</b>(<span lang="en">A priori (languages)</span>)與<b>非先創語言</b>(<span lang="en">A posteriori (languages)</span>)是指稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="人造語言">人造語言</a>單詞來源的用語，可做為人造語言的一種分類法。先創語言和非先創語言的概念彼此對立。 </p><p>在辨別一個語言是先創語言或非先創語言方面，先創與非先創特性的出頻率和分佈常常是關鍵。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="先創語言"><span id=".E5.85.88.E5.89.B5.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>先創語言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：先創語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>先創語言</b>(英語：<i>a priori</i> language)指其單詞非基於任何已存語言的人造語言。 </p><p>像<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro語（页面不存在）">Ro語</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米拉德語（页面不存在）">米拉德語</a>(Mirad)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%9D%A5%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD" title="索来索语">索来索语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E8%B2%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="克林貢語">克林貢語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%8E%E8%AA%9E" title="納美語">納美語</a>等，皆為先創語言的例子。 </p><p>若以某些語言做為來源語言的話，則該來源語言的母語使用者在學習藉此所造出的語言時，可能會因此具有學習上的優勢。故有些人便以先創語言的原則設計其<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="国际辅助语">国际辅助语</a>，以消除此方面的不公平。 </p><p>一些語言藉由分類其辭彙，以表達某種哲學理念，或讓使用者較容易記憶新單字。這類語言又被稱作「哲學語言」或「分類語言」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="非先創語言"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E5.85.88.E5.89.B5.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>非先創語言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：非先創語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>非先創語言</b>(英語：<i>a posteriori</i> language)則指其單詞主要基於一些已知語言的人造語言。 </p><p>非先創語言可再分成三個子類： </p> <ul><li>簡化語言，像<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="基本英语">基本英語</a>(Basic English)和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁国际语">拉丁国际语</a>(Latino sine flexione)皆為其例。</li> <li>似自然語言(Naturalistic languages)，這類語言常常以某類自然語言為藍本創制(最常被用作藍本的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">羅曼語族</a>語言)。像<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="西方语">西方語</a>(Occidental language)和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="國際語">國際語</a>(Interlingua)皆為其例。</li> <li>自架構語言(Autonomous/schematic languages)，此類語言的語法是先創的，然其單字是非先創的。像<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="世界語">世界語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="沃拉普克语">沃拉普克语</a>等皆為其例。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" class="mw-redirect" title="Umberto Eco">Eco, Umberto</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou">The search for the perfect language</a>. Oxford: Blackwell. 1995. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-631-17465-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-631-17465-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-631-17465-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&rft.au=Eco%2C+Umberto&rft.btitle=The+search+for+the+perfect+language&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-631-17465-6&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsearchforperfect00ecou&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Comrie, Bernard. The World's Major Languages. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. 1990. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-506511-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-506511-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-19-506511-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&rft.au=Comrie%2C+Bernard&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Major+Languages&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-506511-5&rft.place=Oxford+%5BOxfordshire%5D&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Libert, Alan. A priori artificial languages (Languages of the world). Lincom Europa. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-89586-667-9" title="Special:网络书源/3-89586-667-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3-89586-667-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&rft.au=Libert%2C+Alan&rft.btitle=A+priori+artificial+languages+%28Languages+of+the+world%29&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-89586-667-9&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Okrent, Arika. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inlandofinvented00okre">In the Land of Invented Languages: Esperanto Rock Stars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build A Perfect Language</a>. Spiegel & Grau. 2009: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inlandofinvented00okre/page/n359">352</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-385-52788-8" title="Special:网络书源/0-385-52788-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-385-52788-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%88%E5%89%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&rft.au=Okrent%2C+Arika&rft.btitle=In+the+Land+of+Invented+Languages%3A+Esperanto+Rock+Stars%2C+Klingon+Poets%2C+Loglan+Lovers%2C+and+the+Mad+Dreamers+Who+Tried+to+Build+A+Perfect+Language&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-385-52788-8&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Spiegel+%26+Grau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finlandofinvented00okre&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/24/science/sci-conlang24">"Babel's modern architects"</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110220074734/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/24/science/sci-conlang24">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, by Amber Dance. <i>The Los Angeles Times</i>, 24 August 2007 (Originally published as "In their own words -- literally")</li> <li>Alan Libert, <i>A Priori Artificial Languages</i>, (Languages of the World 24. Munich: Lincom Europa, 2000). <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3895866679" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89586-667-9</a>.</li> <li>Louis Couturat, <i>Les nouvelles langues internationales</i>. Paris: Hachette, 1907. With Léopold Leau. Republished 2001, Olms.</li> <li>Louis Couturat, <i>Étude sur la dérivation dans la langue internationales</i>. Paris: Delagrave 1910. 100 p.</li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=先創語言與非先創語言&oldid=74021716">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=先創語言與非先創語言&oldid=74021716</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Category:人工語言">人工語言</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a 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