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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-"A_priori"_versus_"a_posteriori"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"A_priori"_versus_"a_posteriori""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>"A priori" versus "a posteriori"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"A_priori"_versus_"a_posteriori"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berømte_empiristiske_filosoffer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berømte_empiristiske_filosoffer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Berømte empiristiske filosoffer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berømte_empiristiske_filosoffer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik_af_empirismen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik_af_empirismen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kritik af empirismen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik_af_empirismen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empirisme_i_moderne_videnskab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empirisme_i_moderne_videnskab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Empirisme i moderne videnskab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empirisme_i_moderne_videnskab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antirealisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antirealisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Antirealisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antirealisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Empirisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 86 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%B3%E1%88%BB%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ዳሳሻዊነት – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዳሳሻዊነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="تجريبية (فلسفة) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجريبية (فلسفة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="التجريبيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التجريبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismu" title="Empirismu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Empirismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizm" title="Empirizm – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Empirizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эмпірызм – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эмпірызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Емпиризъм – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емпиризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="অভিজ্ঞতাবাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভিজ্ঞতাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizam" title="Empirizam – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Empirizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ئیمپیریزم – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپیریزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismus" title="Empirismus – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Empirismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiriaeth" title="Empiriaeth – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Empiriaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismus" title="Empirismus – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Empirismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisisme" title="Empirisisme – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Empirisisme" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Εμπειρισμός – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμπειρισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empir%C3%AC%C5%9Bem" title="Empirìśem – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Empirìśem" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Empiricism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiriismo" title="Empiriismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Empiriismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Empirismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Empirism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enpirismo" title="Enpirismo – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Enpirismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="تجربه‌گرایی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تجربه‌گرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismi" title="Empirismi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Empirismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eimp%C3%ADreachas" title="Eimpíreachas – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eimpíreachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經驗主義 – gan-kinesisk" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="經驗主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Empirismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6" title="અનુભવવાદ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અનુભવવાદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אמפיריציזם – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמפיריציזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="इंद्रियानुभववाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंद्रियानुभववाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizam" title="Empirizam – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Empirizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizmus" title="Empirizmus – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Empirizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Էմպիրիզմ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էմպիրիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiriko" title="Empiriko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Empiriko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raunhyggja" title="Raunhyggja – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Raunhyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Empirismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%8C%E9%A8%93%E8%AB%96" title="経験論 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="経験論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ემპირიზმი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემპირიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эмпиризм – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эмпиризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%ED%97%98%EB%A1%A0" title="경험론 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="경험론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%AEr%C3%AEzm" title="Empîrîzm – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Empîrîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эмпиризм – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эмпиризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismus" title="Empirismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Empirismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekyekebejjo_(Empiricism)" title="Ekyekebejjo (Empiricism) – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekyekebejjo (Empiricism)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizmas" title="Empirizmas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Empirizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C4%ABrisms" title="Empīrisms – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Empīrisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Емпиризам – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Емпиризам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="അനുഭവവാദം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അനുഭവവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अनुभववाद – marathisk" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अनुभववाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisisme" title="Empirisisme – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empirisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismus" title="Empirismus – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Empirismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empirisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਅਨੁਭਵਵਾਦ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਨੁਭਵਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Empirismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiryzm" title="Empiryzm – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Empiryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Empirism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="تجربهپالنه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تجربهپالنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Empirismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Empirism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эмпиризм – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эмпиризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تجربيت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تجربيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizam" title="Empirizam – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Empirizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Empiricism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizmus" title="Empirizmus – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Empirizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricizmi" title="Empiricizmi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Empiricizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Емпиризам – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Емпиризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Empirism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujarabati" title="Ujarabati – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ujarabati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புலனறிவாதம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புலனறிவாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="అనుభవవాదం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అనుభవవాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ประสบการณ์นิยม – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประสบการณ์นิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deneycilik" title="Deneycilik – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deneycilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Емпіризм – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Емпіризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="تجربیت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تجربیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirizm" title="Empirizm – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Empirizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_kinh_nghi%E1%BB%87m" title="Chủ nghĩa kinh nghiệm – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa kinh nghiệm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirisismo" title="Empirisismo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Empirisismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經驗主義 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="經驗主義" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="经验主义 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="经验主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經驗主義 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="經驗主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/19px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/29px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/38px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></span></span> <i>Der er for få eller ingen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser">kildehenvisninger</a> i denne artikel, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificerbarhed" title="Wikipedia:Verificerbarhed">hvilket er et problem</a>. Du kan hjælpe ved at angive <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser#Typer_af_kilder" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser">troværdige kilder</a> til de påstande, som fremføres i artiklen.</i></dd></dl> <p><b>Empirisme</b> er en <a href="/wiki/Erkendelsesteori" title="Erkendelsesteori">erkendelsesteori</a>, der betoner <a href="/wiki/Erfaring" title="Erfaring">erfaringens</a> rolle i etablering af viden. Klassisk empirisme blev modstillet <a href="/wiki/Rationalisme" title="Rationalisme">rationalisme</a>, der betoner tænkningens rolle i <a href="/wiki/Erkendelse" title="Erkendelse">erkendelsen</a>. Empirisme må ikke forveksles med <a href="/wiki/Empiri" title="Empiri">empiri</a>. I dag er det så godt som alment accepteret, at viden og <a href="/wiki/Videnskab" title="Videnskab">videnskab</a> er baseret på empiri (med undtagelser som fx <a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">matematik</a>). Men der er stor forskel på de idealer for empirisk forskning, der ligger i empirisme og i andre epistemologier, fx i <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutik" title="Hermeneutik">hermeneutik</a>. Empirisme (eller empiricisme) står for den opfattelse, at vore observationer er "givne", hvorimod <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutik" title="Hermeneutik">hermeneutik</a> står for den opfattelse at vore erfaringer er betinget af vores <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forforst%C3%A5else&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forforståelse (ikke skrevet endnu)">forforståelse</a>, vores <a href="/wiki/Sprog" title="Sprog">sprog</a> og sociale og kulturelle baggrund. Dette afspejler sig i forskellige metodeidealer i fx empiristiske og hermeneutiske forskningstraditioner. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""A_priori"_versus_"a_posteriori""><span id=".22A_priori.22_versus_.22a_posteriori.22"></span>"A priori" versus "a posteriori"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: "A priori" versus "a posteriori"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: "A priori" versus "a posteriori""><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det blev hævdet, at al erkendelse er <a href="/wiki/A_priori" title="A priori">a priori</a> indenfor rationalismen, da den menneskelige fornuft er i besiddelse af de principper, der gælder for <a href="/wiki/Virkelighed" title="Virkelighed">virkeligheden</a>. Heroverfor blev det hævdet af empirismen, at al erkendelse af virkeligheden er <a href="/wiki/A_posteriori" class="mw-redirect" title="A posteriori">a posteriori</a> (og altså må bygge på erfaringen). Mange empiristiske filosoffer, fx <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, har argumenteret for, at al viden grundlæggende er <i>a posteriori</i> og at <i>a priori</i> viden simpelt hen ikke er mulig. Distinktionen mellem a priori og a posteriori er tæt forbundet med distinktionerne mellem analytisk / syntetisk og nødvendig / kontingent.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berømte_empiristiske_filosoffer"><span id="Ber.C3.B8mte_empiristiske_filosoffer"></span>Berømte empiristiske filosoffer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Berømte empiristiske filosoffer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Berømte empiristiske filosoffer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:JohnLocke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/220px-JohnLocke.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/330px-JohnLocke.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/440px-JohnLocke.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption>John Locke</figcaption></figure> <p>Empirisme er især forbundet med Storbritannien, mens rationalisme er mere forbundet med Frankrig og Tyskland.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> Blandt de berømte empiristiske tænkere er <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(filosof)" title="Francis Bacon (filosof)">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a> og <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritik_af_empirismen">Kritik af empirismen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Kritik af empirismen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kritik af empirismen"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Empiricisme repræsenterer et forsøg på at fjerne metafysiske og ideologiske spørgsmål fra videnskaben. Kritikere har imidlertid peget på, at rene observationer ikke eksisterer, at vores observationer (eller observationsudsagn) er teoriafhængige. Den amerikanske filosof Wilfrid Sellars (1912-1989) hævdede, at klassisk empiricisme er en myte baseret på doktrinen om det givne.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ved at negligere den åbne diskussion af metafysiske, teoretiske og ideologiske spørgsmål tenderer empiricismen imod at skjule tilhængernes ideologiske engagement. På denne måde ses empiricisme som blot én blandt andre ideologier. Man har af denne grund kaldt den for <i>den usynlige videnskabsteori</i>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kritik af empirisme eksisterer i alle de erkendelsesteorier, som udgør alternativer til den. Den klassiske kritik kommer fra rationalismen, der betoner at sanseerfaringer ikke er meget værd, hvis der ikke eksisterer et begrebssystem til at indordne dem i. <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxistisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme">feministisk</a> erkendelsesteori har påpeget, at forskeres klassetilhørsforhold og køn påvirker forskeres opfattelser, hvorfor empirismens erklærede neutrale og objektive udgangspunkt er forfejlet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Empirisme_i_moderne_videnskab">Empirisme i moderne videnskab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Empirisme i moderne videnskab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Empirisme i moderne videnskab"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I de fleste videnskaber kan man konstatere en konkurrence mellem empirisme og forskellige alternativer. Fx er der i biologisk systematik forskere, der vil klassificere dyr og planter ud fra deres "lighed". Denne retning hedder "Fænetisk systematik" og står i modsætning til andre retninger, der baserer sig på en <a href="/wiki/Evolution_(biologi)" title="Evolution (biologi)">evolutionsteoretisk</a> rekonstruktion. De empiristiske metodeidealer kommer til udtryk i, at der skal gøres så få teoretiske forudsætninger som muligt. Når man måler "ligheden" mellem to organismer, må man således ikke prioritere mellem væsentlige og uvæsentlige lighedstræk, fordi disse ikke i sig selv bygger på observation, men skal principielt stille alle træk lige. Herved kan man løbe ind i absurditeter, fx at hannen og hunnen er så forskellige, at de må klassificeres som forskellige arter eller at et dyr forvandler sig så meget i udvikling, at fx en larve og en sommerfugl ikke kan klassificeres som samme art.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> Inden for medicin er det især den strømning, der betegnes "evidensbaseret medicin", der tydeligst er inspireret af empiricismens metodenormer.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Inden for psykologi kommer empirismen særlig tydeligt til udtryk i adfærdspsykologien (også kaldet <a href="/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme">behaviorismen</a>). Empirismen er her dobbeltbundet.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> Når psykologer studerer mennesker og dyr, kan de ifølge behaviorismen kun studere deres iagttagelige adfærd, der er resultatet af en iagtagelig påvirkning. Et begreb som hukommelse er ikke videnskabeligt, da det ikke kan iagttages.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden september 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> I stedet for taler adfærdspsykologerne om "forsinkede reaktioner". Men det er ikke kun i psykologernes studier af organismer, empirismen spiller ind. Det enkelte menneskes psykologi må også efter empirismen forstås som rent erfaringsbetinget, dvs. indlæring bliver den centrale teori, der skal forklare alle psykologiske forhold. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antirealisme">Antirealisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Antirealisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Antirealisme"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er en udpræget misforståelse, at empirisme og <a href="/wiki/Positivisme" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Positivisme">positivisme</a> er <a href="/wiki/Realisme_(filosofi)" title="Realisme (filosofi)">realistiske</a> positioner, mens fx hermeneutik er det modsatte. Empirisme og positivisme er antimetafysiske. De vil holde sig til det givne i iagttagelsen. Derfor anser empirismen det for metafysik at antage, at der bag det iagttagne er en virkelighed. Empirisme er derfor i modsætning til fx <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_realisme" title="Kritisk realisme">kritisk realisme</a> og andre former for realisme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivisme" title="Logisk positivisme">Logisk positivisme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vinci, T. (1999). Sellars, Wilfrid. I: <i>The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy</i>. 2nd. Ed. Ed. By Robert Audi. Cambridge, Cambridge University press, 828-829.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirisme&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alston, W. P. (1998). Empiricism IN: <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Ed. by Edward Craig. Version 1.0, London: Routledge.</li> <li>Garrett, D. & Barbanell, E. (Eds.). (1997). <i>Encyclopedia of empiricism</i>. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.</li> <li>Hjørland, B. (2005). "Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science" <i>Journal of Documentation</i>, 61(1), 130-155.</li> <li>Law, J. D. (1993). <i>The Rhetoric of Empiricism: Language and Perception : From Locke to I.A. Richards</i>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.</li> <li>Lipton, P. (2001). Empiricism, history of. I: Smelser, N. J. & Baltes, P. B. (eds.) <i>International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences</i>. Oxford. (Pp. 4481- 4485).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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endnu)">Normativitet</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moralsk_absolutisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moralsk absolutisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Moralsk absolutisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moralsk_nihilisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moralsk nihilisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Moralsk nihilisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moralsk_skepticisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moralsk skepticisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Moralsk skepticisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moralsk_partikularisme" title="Moralsk partikularisme">Moralsk partikularisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moralsk_universalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moralsk universalisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Moralsk universalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativisme" title="Relativisme">Relativisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ontologi_(filosofi)" title="Ontologi (filosofi)">Ontologi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktionsteori_(filosofi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktionsteori (filosofi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Aktionsteori</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A6ndelse_(filosofi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hændelse (filosofi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hændelse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procesmetafysik" title="Procesmetafysik">Procesmetafysik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Virkelighed" title="Virkelighed">Virkelighed</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antirealisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antirealisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Antirealisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fysikalisme" title="Fysikalisme">Fysikalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">Idealisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konceptualisme" title="Konceptualisme">Konceptualisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">Materialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filosofi)" title="Naturalisme (filosofi)">Naturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalisme" title="Nominalisme">Nominalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realisme_(filosofi)" title="Realisme (filosofi)">Realisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filosofiens_historie" title="Filosofiens historie">Efter æra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antikkens_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikkens filosofi">Antikkens filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestlig_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestlig filosofi">Vestlig filosofi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filosofi_i_middelalderen" title="Filosofi i middelalderen">Filosofi i middelalderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A6ssancens_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Renæssancens filosofi">Renæssancens filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tidlig_moderne_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tidlig moderne filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Tidlig moderne filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderne filosofi">Moderne filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senmoderne_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senmoderne filosofi">Senmoderne filosofi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antikken" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Antikkens_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikkens filosofi">Antikken</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_filosofi" title="Kinesisk filosofi">Kinesisk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konfucianisme" title="Konfucianisme">Konfucianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalisme_(kinesisk_filosofi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalisme (kinesisk filosofi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Legalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navneskolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navneskolen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Logikerne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mohisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yin-yang-skolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yin-yang-skolen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Yin-yang-skolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme">Taoisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Yangisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikkens_romerske_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antikkens romerske filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Græsk-romersk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rsokratikere" title="Førsokratikere">Førsokratikere</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_ioniske_naturfilosoffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De ioniske naturfilosoffer (ikke skrevet endnu)">De ioniske naturfilosoffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagor%C3%A6er" title="Pythagoræer">Pythagoræer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleaterne" title="Eleaterne">Eleaterne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Atomisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofister" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofister">Sofister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyreneikere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyreneikere (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kyreneikere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kynisme_(filosofi)" title="Kynisme (filosofi)">Kynisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elis-eretriske_skole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elis-eretriske skole (ikke skrevet endnu)">Elis-eretriske skole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialektikere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialektikere (ikke skrevet endnu)">Dialektikere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platons_akademi" title="Platons akademi">Platons akademi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatetiske_skole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatetiske skole (ikke skrevet endnu)">Peripatetiske skole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellenistisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellenistisk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hellenistisk filosofi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrrhonisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrrhonisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Pyrrhonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoicisme" title="Stoicisme">Stoicisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epikureanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epikureanisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Epikureanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademisk_skepticisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademisk skepticisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Akademisk skepticisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middel_platonisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middel platonisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Middel platonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonisk_realisme" title="Platonisk realisme">Platonisk realisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonisme" title="Platonisme">Platonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sextii-skolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sextii-skolen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sextii-skolen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopytagoreanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopytagoreanisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Neopytagoreanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sophistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sophistic (ikke skrevet endnu)">Second Sophistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonisme" title="Neoplatonisme">Neoplatonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkef%C3%A6drene" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkefædrene">Kirkefædrene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Indisk_filosofi" title="Indisk filosofi">Indisk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedisk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vedisk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaya (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisheshika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaisheshika (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_Sutraere_af_Patanjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoga Sutraere af Patanjali (ikke skrevet endnu)">Yoga Sutraere af Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mīmāṃsā (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80j%C4%ABvika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ājīvika (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aj%C3%B1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajñana (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ajñana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charvaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charvaka (ikke skrevet endnu)">Charvaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jain_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jain filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Jain filosofi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anekantavada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anekantavada (ikke skrevet endnu)">Anekantavada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sy%C4%81dv%C4%81da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syādvāda (ikke skrevet endnu)">Syādvāda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhistisk_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhistisk filosofi">Buddhistisk filosofi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śūnyatā (ikke skrevet endnu)">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhyamaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhyamaka (ikke skrevet endnu)">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogachara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogachara (ikke skrevet endnu)">Yogachara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sautr%C4%81ntika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sautrāntika (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sautrāntika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svatantrika-Prasa%E1%B9%85gika_forskellen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika forskellen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika forskellen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iransk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Persisk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazdakisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazdakisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mazdakisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mithraismen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mithraismen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mithraismen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarathustrianisme" title="Zarathustrianisme">Zarathustrianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zurvanisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Zurvanisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofi_i_middelalderen" title="Filosofi i middelalderen">Middelalderen</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Østasien</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xuanxue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xuanxue (ikke skrevet endnu)">Xuanxue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_buddhisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chan buddhisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Chan buddhisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-confucianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-confucianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Neo-confucianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreansk_confucianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreansk confucianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Koreansk confucianisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Vestlig_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestlig filosofi">Europæisk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kristen filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Augustinisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomisme" title="Thomisme">Thomisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scotisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Scotisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occamisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occamisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Occamisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A6ssancehumanisme" title="Renæssancehumanisme">Renæssancehumanisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Indisk</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedanta (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achintya_Bheda_Abheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda (ikke skrevet endnu)">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advaita Vedanta (ikke skrevet endnu)">Advaita Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhedabheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhedabheda (ikke skrevet endnu)">Bhedabheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvaita Vedanta (ikke skrevet endnu)">Dvaita Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nimbarka_Sampradaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuddhadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuddhadvaita (ikke skrevet endnu)">Shuddhadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishishtadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishishtadvaita (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vishishtadvaita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navya-Ny%C4%81ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navya-Nyāya (ikke skrevet endnu)">Navya-Nyāya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristotelisme">Aristotelisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Averroisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Averroisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Averroisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicennisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avicennisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Avicennisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illuminationisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illuminationisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Illuminationisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalam (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufi_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufi filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sufi filosofi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B8disk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jødisk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Jødisk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B8diske-islamiske_filosofier_(800-1400)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jødiske-islamiske filosofier (800-1400) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Jødiske-islamiske filosofier (800-1400)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Moderne_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderne filosofi">Moderne</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarkisme" title="Anarkisme">Anarkisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_realisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassisk realisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Klassisk realisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollektivisme" title="Kollektivisme">Kollektivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme">Konservatisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinisme" title="Determinisme">Determinisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">Dualisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo_neo-confucianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edo neo-confucianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Edo neo-confucianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empiricisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empiricisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Empiricisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistentialisme" title="Eksistentialisme">Eksistentialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundationalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Foundationalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicisme_(filosofi)" title="Historicisme (filosofi)">Historicisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holism (ikke skrevet endnu)">Holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">Humanisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihumanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihumanisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Antihumanisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">Idealisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolut_idealisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolut idealisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Absolut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britisk_idealisme" title="Britisk idealisme">Britisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_idealisme" title="Tysk idealisme">Tysk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Objektiv_idealisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objektiv idealisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Objektiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjektiv_idealisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjektiv idealisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Subjektiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transcendental_idealisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transcendental idealisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Transcendental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme">Individualisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokugaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokugaku (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kokugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">Liberalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">Materialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">Monisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filosofi)" title="Naturalisme (filosofi)">Naturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturret" title="Naturret">Naturret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme">Nihilisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ny_confucianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ny confucianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ny confucianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyskolastik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyskolastik (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nyskolastik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pragmatisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pragmatisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Pragmatisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6nomenologi" title="Fænomenologi">Fænomenologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nypositivisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Nypositivisme">Nypositivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduktionisme" title="Reduktionisme">Reduktionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalisme" title="Rationalisme">Rationalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_kontrakt" title="Social kontrakt">Social kontrakt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">Socialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalisme" title="Transcendentalisme">Transcendentalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarisme" title="Utilitarisme">Utilitarisme</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Personer" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Personer</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartesianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartesianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Cartesianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kantianisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nykantianisme" title="Nykantianisme">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kierkegaardianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kierkegaardianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kierkegaardianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krausisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krausisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Krausisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hegelianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hegelianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hegelianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newtonisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Newtonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nietzscheanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nietzscheanisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nietzscheanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinozisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spinozisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Spinozisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Senmoderne_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senmoderne filosofi">Senmoderne<br />nutidig</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Analytisk(Angelsaksisk)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Angelsaksisk_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelsaksisk filosofi">Angelsaksisk</a>)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anvendt_etik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anvendt etik (ikke skrevet endnu)">Anvendt etik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytisk_feminisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analytisk feminisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Analytisk feminisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytisk_marxisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analytisk marxisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Analytisk marxisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommunitarisme" title="Kommunitarisme">Kommunitarisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsekventialisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsekventialisme">konsekventialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritisk_rationalisme" title="Kritisk rationalisme">Kritisk rationalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksperimentel_filosofi" title="Eksperimentel filosofi">Eksperimentel filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifikationisme" title="Falsifikationisme">Falsifikationisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundationalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Foundationalisme</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koherentisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koherentisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Koherentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internalisme_og_eksternalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internalisme og eksternalisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Internalisme og eksternalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivisme" title="Logisk positivisme">Logisk positivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_positivisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal positivisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Legal positivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">Metaetik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_realisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moral realisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Moral realisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturaliseret_epistemologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturaliseret epistemologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Naturaliseret epistemologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normativ_etik" class="mw-redirect" title="Normativ etik">Normativ etik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordin%C3%A6r_sprogfilosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinær sprogfilosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ordinær sprogfilosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postanalytisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postanalytisk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Postanalytisk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quietisme_(filosofi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quietisme (filosofi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Quietisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawlsian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformeret_epistemologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformeret epistemologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Reformeret epistemologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systemik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systemik (ikke skrevet endnu)">Systemik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientisme" title="Scientisme">Scientisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videnskabelig_realisme" title="Videnskabelig realisme">Videnskabelig realisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Videnskabelig_skepticisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Videnskabelig skepticisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Videnskabelig skepticisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transaktionalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transaktionalisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Transaktionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarisme" title="Utilitarisme">Utilitarisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wienerkredsen" title="Wienerkredsen">Wienerkredsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittgensteinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittgensteinsk">Wittgensteinsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kontinental" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_filosofi" title="Kontinental filosofi">Kontinental</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kritisk_sociologi" title="Kritisk sociologi">Kritisk sociologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruktion" title="Dekonstruktion">Dekonstruktion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistentialisme" title="Eksistentialisme">Eksistentialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurterskolen" title="Frankfurterskolen">Frankfurterskolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutik" title="Hermeneutik">Hermeneutik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neomarxisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neomarxisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Neomarxisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyhistorisme" title="Nyhistorisme">Nyhistorisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6nomenologi" title="Fænomenologi">Fænomenologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthumanisme" title="Posthumanisme">Posthumanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postmodernisme_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postmodernisme filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Postmodernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalisme" title="Poststrukturalisme">Poststrukturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialkonstruktionisme" title="Socialkonstruktionisme">Socialkonstruktionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme">Strukturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestlig_marxisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestlig marxisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vestlig marxisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Forskelligt</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyoto-skolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyoto-skolen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kyoto-skolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objektivisme_(Ayn_Rand)" title="Objektivisme (Ayn Rand)">Objektivisme (Ayn Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postkritik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postkritik (ikke skrevet endnu)">Postkritik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_cosmisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk cosmisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Russisk cosmisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liste_over_filosofier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liste over filosofier (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mere...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Efter<br />region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikansk_filosofi" title="Afrikansk filosofi">Afrikansk filosofi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrikana_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrikana filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Afrikana filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikkens_%C3%A6gyptiske_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antikkens ægyptiske filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Antikkens ægyptiske filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(filosofi)" title="Ubuntu (filosofi)">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiopisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiopisk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Etiopisk filosofi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mellem%C3%B8stlig_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mellemøstlig filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mellemøstlig filosofi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iransk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Iransk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B8disk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jødisk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Jødisk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrkisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrkisk filosofi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Tyrkisk filosofi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Vestlig_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestlig filosofi">Vestlig filosofi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_filosofi" title="Amerikansk filosofi">Amerikansk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britisk_filosofi" title="Britisk filosofi">Britisk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansk_filosofi" title="Dansk filosofi">Dansk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_filosofi" title="Fransk filosofi">Fransk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiensk_filosofi" title="Italiensk filosofi">Italiensk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandsk_filosofi" title="Nederlandsk filosofi">Nederlandsk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk_filosofi" title="Norsk filosofi">Norsk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk_filosofi" title="Slovensk filosofi">Slovensk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spansk_filosofi" title="Spansk filosofi">Spansk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svensk_filosofi" title="Svensk filosofi">Svensk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_filosofi" title="Tysk filosofi">Tysk filosofi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stlig_filosofi" title="Østlig filosofi">Østlig filosofi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indisk_filosofi" title="Indisk filosofi">Indisk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japansk_filosofi" title="Japansk filosofi">Japansk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_filosofi" title="Kinesisk filosofi">Kinesisk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreansk_filosofi" title="Koreansk filosofi">Koreansk filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russisk_filosofi" title="Russisk filosofi">Russisk filosofi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Efter<br />kontroverser</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universalieproblemet" title="Universalieproblemet">Universalieproblemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialismestriden" title="Materialismestriden">Materialismestriden</a></li> <li><a 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