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"> </picture> </article> <article class="search-result js-link-event" data-content-type="video"> <div class="main"> <header class="text"> <div class="tags"> <ul class="tags-list"> <li class="tag" data-category="video">Video</li> <li class="tag" data-category="conflict-resolution-and-peacebuilding">Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding</li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="title h4 -blue-600"> <a href="/video/analysis-rigobert-minani-escalating-conflict-eastern-drc" class="js-link-event-link">Analysis with Rigobert Minani - Escalating Conflict in Eastern DRC</a> </h2> <div class="meta"> <div class="published-info"><span class="duration"><span class="sr-text">Duration:</span>5:42</span><span class="post-time-item"><span class="sr-text">Posted date/time:</span><time class="post-time js-post-time" datetime="2025-01-30T00:00:00-05:00" data-posted-time="2025-01-30T00:00:00-05:00">January 30, 2025</time></span></div> </div> </header> </div> <picture class="image icon-play"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/Screenshot%202025-01-30%20at%2011.15.05%20AM.webp" type="image/webp"/><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/Screenshot%202025-01-30%20at%2011.15.05%20AM.png" width="336" height="189" alt="Rigobert interview"> </picture> </article> <article class="search-result js-link-event" data-content-type="external"> <div class="main"> <header class="text"> <div class="tags"> <ul class="tags-list"> <li class="tag" data-category="external-link">External link</li> <li class="tag" data-category="international-development">International Development</li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="title h4 -blue-600"> <a href="https://www.wilsonquarterly.com/quarterly/in-search-of-our-narratives/a-continent-of-consequence" class="js-link-event-link">A Continent of Consequence</a> </h2> <div class="meta"> <div class="published-info"><span class="post-time-item"><span class="sr-text">Posted date/time:</span><time class="post-time js-post-time" datetime="2025-01-27T17:02:56-05:00" data-posted-time="2025-01-27T17:02:56-05:00">January 27, 2025</time></span><span class="source">Source: Wilson Quarterly</span></div> </div> </header> </div> <picture class="image"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/Mo%20Dewji%20cover_shutterstock_2207471051_resized.webp" type="image/webp"/><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/Mo%20Dewji%20cover_shutterstock_2207471051_resized.jpg" width="336" height="189" alt="Cover image: Shutterstock/kerenby."> </picture> </article> <article class="search-result js-link-event" data-content-type="audio"> <div class="main"> <header class="text"> <div class="tags"> <ul class="tags-list"> <li class="tag" data-category="podcast">Podcast</li> <li class="tag" data-category="civil-society">Civil Society</li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="title h4 -blue-600"> <a href="/audio/driving-impact-how-civil-society-energizing-us-africa-trade" class="js-link-event-link">Driving Impact: How Civil Society is Energizing US-Africa Trade</a> </h2> <div class="meta"> <ul class="podcast-card-listen-on js-podcast-card-listen-on"> <li class="podcast-card-listen-on-item" data-expanded="false"> <div tabindex="0" role="button" class="podcast-card-listen-on-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="section-67d491002f2f5" id="podcast-card-listen-on-67d491002f2f5"> Listen on </div> <div class="podcast-card-listen-on-content" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="podcast-card-listen-on-67d491002f2f5" id="section-67d491002f2f5"> <ul class="listen-dropdown-list"> <li class="listen-dropdown-list-item"> <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/2XnbXOc64AURbNe4YFbCFH?si=588bf2d5e5ca4257" class="listen-dropdown-list-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Spotify</a> </li> <li class="listen-dropdown-list-item"> <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/driving-impact-how-civil-society-is-energizing-us-africa/id1783002783?i=1000685036325" class="listen-dropdown-list-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Apple Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="listen-dropdown-list-item"> <a href="https://soundcloud.com/the-wilson-center/new-players-in-us-africa-trade-how-civil-society-is-driving-impact?utm_source=clipboard&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=social_sharing&amp;si=f6e9f44b526d45ed893091b208b35591" class="listen-dropdown-list-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Soundcloud</a> </li> <li class="listen-dropdown-list-item"> <a href="https://sites.libsyn.com/558220/driving-impact-how-civil-society-is-energizing-us-africa-trade" class="listen-dropdown-list-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Libsyn</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="published-info"><span class="duration"><span class="sr-text">Duration:</span>30:24</span><span class="post-time-item"><span class="sr-text">Posted date/time:</span><time class="post-time js-post-time" datetime="2025-01-22T00:00:00-05:00" data-posted-time="2025-01-22T00:00:00-05:00">January 22, 2025</time></span></div> </div> </header> </div> <picture class="image icon-podcast_circle"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/shutterstock_1465574771_0.webp" type="image/webp"/><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/shutterstock_1465574771_0.jpg" width="336" height="189" alt="Africa trade"> </picture> </article> <article class="search-result js-link-event" data-content-type="blog_post"> <div class="main"> <header class="text"> <div class="tags"> <ul class="tags-list"> <li class="tag" data-category="blog-post">Blog post</li> <li class="tag" data-category="conflict-resolution-and-peacebuilding">Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding</li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="title h4 -blue-600"> <a href="/blog-post/sudan-keeps-making-history" class="js-link-event-link">Sudan Keeps Making History </a> </h2> <div class="meta"> <div class="published-info"><span class="post-time-item"><span class="sr-text">Posted date/time:</span><time class="post-time js-post-time" datetime="2025-01-21T17:08:23-05:00" data-posted-time="2025-01-21T17:08:23-05:00">January 21, 2025</time></span><ul class="authors"><li class="by" aria-hidden="true">By</li><li><a href="/person/ambassador-mark-green">Ambassador Mark A. Green </a></li></ul></div> </div> </header> </div> <picture class="image"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/Sudan_refugeecamp2017.webp" type="image/webp"/><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/Sudan_refugeecamp2017.jpg" width="336" height="189" alt="Juba, South Sudan, February 2017. People with yellow jerrycans waiting for water at a borehole site. Salesian camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs). Captured during civil war."> </picture> </article> <article class="search-result js-link-event" data-content-type="article"> <div class="main"> <header class="text"> <div class="tags"> <ul class="tags-list"> <li class="tag" data-category="article">Article</li> <li class="tag" data-category="science-and-technology">Science and Technology</li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="title h4 -blue-600"> <a href="/article/addressing-africas-infrastructure-gap-through-innovations-finance-and-technology" class="js-link-event-link">Addressing Africa鈥檚 Infrastructure Gap Through Innovations in Finance and Technology</a> </h2> <div class="meta"> <div class="published-info"><span class="post-time-item"><span class="sr-text">Posted date/time:</span><time class="post-time js-post-time" datetime="2025-01-16T19:23:21-05:00" data-posted-time="2025-01-16T19:23:21-05:00">January 16, 2025</time></span><ul class="authors"><li class="by" aria-hidden="true">By</li><li><a href="/person/enoh-t-ebong">Enoh T. Ebong</a></li></ul></div> </div> </header> </div> <picture class="image"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/placeholder.webp" type="image/webp"/><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/336x189/public/media/uploads/images/placeholder.png" width="336" height="189" alt="Placeholder image"> </picture> </article> <article class="search-result js-link-event" data-content-type="blog_post"> <div class="main"> <header class="text"> <div class="tags"> <ul class="tags-list"> <li class="tag" data-category="blog-post">Blog post</li> <li class="tag" data-category="refugees-and-forced-displacement">Refugees and Forced Displacement</li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="title h4 -blue-600"> <a href="/blog-post/what-happens-africa-stays-africa-mainly" class="js-link-event-link">What Happens in Africa Stays in Africa (Mainly)</a> </h2> <div class="meta"> <div class="published-info"><span class="post-time-item"><span class="sr-text">Posted date/time:</span><time class="post-time js-post-time" datetime="2025-01-14T00:00:00-05:00" data-posted-time="2025-01-14T00:00:00-05:00">January 14, 2025</time></span><ul class="authors"><li class="by" aria-hidden="true">By</li><li><a href="/person/ambassador-mark-green">Ambassador Mark A. 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