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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: J. Calvo</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: J. Calvo"> <meta name="keywords" content="J. Calvo"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="J. 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Calvo"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: J. Calvo</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Modeling and Prediction of Hot Deformation Behavior of IN718</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Azarbarmas">M. Azarbarmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Cabrera"> J. M. Cabrera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Calvo"> J. Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aghaie-Khafri"> M. Aghaie-Khafri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The modeling of hot deformation behavior for unseen conditions is important in metal-forming. In this study, the hot deformation of IN718 has been characterized in the temperature range 950-1100 and strain rate range 0.001-0.1 s-1 using hot compression tests. All stress-strain curves showed the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. These curves were implemented quantitatively in mathematics, and then constitutive equation indicating the relationship between the flow stress and hot deformation parameters was obtained successfully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20test" title="compression test">compression test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20equation" title=" constitutive equation"> constitutive equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20recrystallization" title=" dynamic recrystallization"> dynamic recrystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20working" title=" hot working"> hot working</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24327/modeling-and-prediction-of-hot-deformation-behavior-of-in718" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Design of a New Vegetable Snack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Calvo">Patricia Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20M.%20S%C3%A1nchez"> Francisco M. Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20J.%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> María J. Rodríguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, food intake is becoming more irregular due to changes in family organization and lifestyle. Snacking is part of the day-to-day lives of people, however, most of the snacks have a high saturated fat, salt and refined sugar content; these dietary factors are believed to have negative health consequences. For this reason, there has been an increase in consumer demand for healthy, natural and convenient foods, so the development of a significant portion of new products focuses on improving the nutritional value of food snacks through modification its nutritional composition. In this paper, a new product made from vegetables has been designed. This new product would be an ideal food format to include ingredients with positive health benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy" title="healthy">healthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pepper" title=" pepper"> pepper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dried" title=" dried"> dried</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotenes" title=" carotenes"> carotenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46888/design-of-a-new-vegetable-snack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Evolution of Propiconazole and Tebuconazole Residues through the Post-Harvest Application in 'Angeleno' Plum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Rodr%C3%ADguez">M. J. Rodríguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20M.%20S%C3%A1nchez"> F. M. Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Velardo"> B. Velardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Calvo"> P. Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Serradilla"> M. J. Serradilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Delgado"> J. Delgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20L%C3%B3pez"> J. M. López</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main problems in storage and later transport of fruits, are the decays developed that reduce the quality on destination’s markets. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the use of compounds to avoid decays in post-harvest. Triazole fungicides are agrochemicals widely used in the agricultural industry due to their wide spectrum of actions, and in some case, they are used in citrus fruit post-harvest. Moreover, its use is not authorized in plum post-harvest, but in order to a future possible authorization, the evolutions of propiconazole and tebuconazole residues are studied after its post-harvest application in ‘Angeleno’ plum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20residue%20limit%20%28MRL%29" title="maximum residue limit (MRL)">maximum residue limit (MRL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triazole%20fungicides" title=" triazole fungicides"> triazole fungicides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decay" title=" decay"> decay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prunus%20salicina" title=" Prunus salicina"> Prunus salicina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46899/evolution-of-propiconazole-and-tebuconazole-residues-through-the-post-harvest-application-in-angeleno-plum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Object-Oriented Multivariate Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control of Hydraulic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Fernandez%20de%20Canete">J. Fernandez de Canete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Fernandez-Calvo"> S. Fernandez-Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Garc%C3%ADa-Moral"> I. García-Moral</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents and discusses the application of the object-oriented modelling software SIMSCAPE to hydraulic systems, with particular reference to multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. As a result, a particular modelling approach of a double cylinder-piston coupled system is proposed and motivated, and the SIMULINK based PID tuning tool has also been used to select the proper controller parameters. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of the object-oriented approach when both physical modelling and control are tackled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-oriented%20modeling" title="object-oriented modeling">object-oriented modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariable%20hydraulic%20system" title=" multivariable hydraulic system"> multivariable hydraulic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariable%20PID%20control" title=" multivariable PID control"> multivariable PID control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20simulation" title=" computer simulation"> computer simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67799/object-oriented-multivariate-proportional-integral-derivative-control-of-hydraulic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Simulating the Hot Hand Phenomenon in Basketball with Bayesian Hidden Markov Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20%20Calvo">Gabriel Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Armero"> Carmen Armero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luigi%20Spezia"> Luigi Spezia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A basketball player is said to have a hot hand if his/her performance is better than expected in different periods of time. A way to deal with this phenomenon is to make use of latent variables, which can indicate whether the player is ‘on fire’ or not. This work aims to model the hot hand phenomenon through a Bayesian hidden Markov model (HMM) with two states (cold and hot) and two different probability of success depending on the corresponding hidden state. This task is illustrated through a comprehensive simulation study. The simulated data sets emulate the field goal attempts in an NBA season from different profile players. This model can be a powerful tool to assess the ‘streakiness’ of each player, and it provides information about the general performance of the players during the match. Finally, the Bayesian HMM allows computing the posterior probability of any type of streak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernoulli%20trials" title="Bernoulli trials">Bernoulli trials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20goals" title=" field goals"> field goals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latent%20variables" title=" latent variables"> latent variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posterior%20distribution" title=" posterior distribution"> posterior distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135522/simulating-the-hot-hand-phenomenon-in-basketball-with-bayesian-hidden-markov-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Analysing the Variables That Affect Digital Game-Based L2 Vocabulary Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Ramon%20Calvo-Ferrer">Jose Ramon Calvo-Ferrer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Video games have been extensively employed in educational contexts to teach contents and skills, upon the premise that they engage students and provide instant feedback, which makes them adequate tools in the field of education and training. Term frequency, along with metacognition and implicit corrective feedback, has often been identified as powerful variables in the learning of vocabulary in a foreign language. This study analyses the learning of L2 mobile operating system terminology by a group of students and uses the data collected by the video game The Conference Interpreter to identify the predictive strength of term frequency (times a term is shown), positive metacognition (times a right answer is provided), and negative metacognition (times a term is shown as wrong) regarding L2 vocabulary learning and perceived learning outcomes. The regression analysis shows that the factor ‘positive metacognition’ is a positive predictor of both dependent variables, whereas the other factors seem to have no statistical effect on any of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20game-based%20learning" title="digital game-based learning">digital game-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback" title=" feedback"> feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognition" title=" metacognition"> metacognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency" title=" frequency"> frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20games" title=" video games"> video games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99358/analysing-the-variables-that-affect-digital-game-based-l2-vocabulary-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Optical Properties of a One Dimensional Graded Photonic Structure Based on Material Length Redistribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danny%20Manuel%20Calvo%20Velasco">Danny Manuel Calvo Velasco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Sanchez%20Cano"> Robert Sanchez Cano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By using the transference matrix formalism, in this work, it is presented the study of the optical properties of the 1D graded structure, constructed by multiple bi-layers of dielectric and air, considering a redistribution of the material lengths following an arithmetic progression as a function of two parameters. It is presented a factorization for the transference matrices for the graded structure, which allows the interpretation of their optical properties in terms of the properties of simpler structures. It is shown that the graded structure presents new transmission peaks, which can be controlled by the parameter values located in frequencies for which a periodic system has a photonic bandgap. This result is extended to the case of a photonic crystal for which the unitary cell is the proposed graded structure, showing new transmission bands which are due to the multiple new sub-structures present in the system. Also, for the TE polarization, it is observed transmission bands' low frequencies which present low variation of its width and position with the incidence angle. It is expected that these results could guide a route in the design of new photonic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graded" title="graded">graded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20redistribution" title=" material redistribution"> material redistribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20system" title=" photonic system"> photonic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transference%20matrix" title=" transference matrix"> transference matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137354/optical-properties-of-a-one-dimensional-graded-photonic-structure-based-on-material-length-redistribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Study of the Antimicrobial Potential Of a Rich Polyphenolic Extract Obtained from Cytisus scoparius</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorena%20G.%20Calvo">Lorena G. Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Lores"> Marta Lores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trinidad%20de%20Miguel"> Trinidad de Miguel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural extracts containing high polyphenolic concentration possess antibacterial and antifungal activity. The present research characterizes a hydro-organic extract with a high polyphenolic content as an antimicrobial candidate. As a result of this composition, the extract showed pronounced bioactivities with potential uses in agricultural, veterinary, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Polyphenol compounds were extracted by using hydro-organic solvent mixtures from the shrub Cytisus scoparius. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of this extract was evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans. Microbial species investigated, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are causing agents of several human and animal diseases. The extract showed activity against all tested species. So, it could be used for the development of biocides to control a wide range of pathogenic agents and contribute to the creation of economic and eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20properties" title="antimicrobial properties">antimicrobial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20properties" title=" antioxidant properties"> antioxidant properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cytisus%20scoparius" title=" Cytisus scoparius"> Cytisus scoparius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenolic%20extract" title=" polyphenolic extract"> polyphenolic extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135050/study-of-the-antimicrobial-potential-of-a-rich-polyphenolic-extract-obtained-from-cytisus-scoparius" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Pain and Lumbar Muscle Activation before and after Functional Task in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%ADdia%20E.%20O.%20Cruz">Lídia E. O. Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriano%20P.%20C.%20Calvo"> Adriano P. C. Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renato%20J.%20Soares"> Renato J. Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Regiane%20A.%20Carvalho"> Regiane A. Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain may present altered movement patterns during functional activities. However, muscle behavior before and after performing a functional task with different load conditions is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study is to analyze lumbar muscle activity before and after performing the functional task of picking up and placing an object on the ground (with and without load) in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain. 20 subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain and 20 healthy subjects participated in this study. A surface electromyography was performed in the ilio-costal, longissimus and multifidus muscles to evaluate lumbar muscle activity before and after performing the functional task of picking up and placing an object on the ground, with and without load. The symptomatic participants had greater lumbar muscle activation compared to the asymptomatic group, more evident in performing the task without load, with statistically significant difference (p = 0,033) between groups for the right multifidus muscle. This study showed that individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain have higher muscle activation before and after performing a functional task compared to healthy participants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20low%20back%20pain" title="chronic low back pain">chronic low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20task" title=" functional task"> functional task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20muscles" title=" lumbar muscles"> lumbar muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activity" title=" muscle activity"> muscle activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135179/pain-and-lumbar-muscle-activation-before-and-after-functional-task-in-nonspecific-chronic-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Supplementation of Mannan Oligosaccharides in Guinea Pigs: Mortality and Growth Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Minguez">C. Minguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Bueso-Rodenas"> J. Bueso-Rodenas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Ibanez"> C. Ibanez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Calvo"> A. Calvo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) is one of the prebiotic most used in livestock nutrition. In this research, the effect of MOS dietary supplementation on growth performance and mortality in meat guinea pigs were studied. Three different experimental groups were compared: Control group (no additives); MOS 1 (1.5 g kg−1); MOS 2 (2 g kg−1). Guinea pigs were housed in 15 collective cages (n = 50 animals in each trial; 10 animals per cage). The young guinea pigs were weaning at day 28 and individually identified by a little ear tag. The fattening period was 49 days. Guinea pigs in both groups were fed ad libitum, with a standard commercial pellet diet (10 MJ of digestible energy/kg, 17% crude protein, 11% crude fiber, and 4.5% crude fat) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as forage. Growth traits, including body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were measured weekly. On day 74, the animals were slaughtered. Contrasts between groups were obtained by calculated generalized least squares values. Mortality were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. Between MOS groups no significant differences were observed for growth traits and mortality. However, significant differences against the control group were observed for traits studied (pvalue < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of MOS could be a good prebiotic supplement to raise guinea pigs because it MOS has shown positive effects in growth traits and immune response in animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guinea%20pig" title="guinea pig">guinea pig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mannan%20oligosaccharides" title=" mannan oligosaccharides"> mannan oligosaccharides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98416/supplementation-of-mannan-oligosaccharides-in-guinea-pigs-mortality-and-growth-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Large Eddy Simulations for Flow Blurring Twin-Fluid Atomization Concept Using Volume of Fluid Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Murugan">Raju Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20S.%20Kolhe"> Pankaj S. Kolhe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is mainly focusing on the numerical simulation of Flow Blurring (FB) twin fluid injection concept was proposed by Ganan-Calvo, which involves back flow atomization based on global bifurcation of liquid and gas streams, thus creating two-phase flow near the injector exit. The interesting feature of FB injector spray is an insignificant effect of variation in atomizing air to liquid ratio (ALR) on a spray cone angle. Besides, FB injectors produce a nearly uniform spatial distribution of mean droplet diameter and are least susceptible to variation in thermo-physical properties of fuels, making it a perfect candidate for fuel flexible combustor development. The FB injector working principle has been realized through experimental flow visualization techniques only. The present study explores potential of ANSYS Fluent based Large Eddy Simulation(LES) with volume of fluid (VOF) method to investigate two-phase flow just upstream of injector dump plane and spray quality immediate downstream of injector dump plane. Note that, water and air represent liquid and gas phase in all simulations and ALR is varied by changing the air mass flow rate alone. Preliminary results capture two phase flow just upstream of injector dump plane and qualitative agreement is observed with the available experimental literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20blurring%20twin%20fluid%20atomization" title="flow blurring twin fluid atomization">flow blurring twin fluid atomization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20eddy%20simulation" title=" large eddy simulation"> large eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20of%20fluid" title=" volume of fluid"> volume of fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20to%20liquid%20ratio" title=" air to liquid ratio"> air to liquid ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82587/large-eddy-simulations-for-flow-blurring-twin-fluid-atomization-concept-using-volume-of-fluid-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> M. J. Rodríguez, F. M. Sánchez, B. Velardo, P. Calvo, M. J. Serradilla, J. Delgado, J. M. López</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Rzina">Q. Rzina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lahrouni"> M. Lahrouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rida"> S. Rida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Saadaoui"> N. Saadaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Almossaid"> Y. Almossaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Oufdou"> K. Oufdou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Fares"> K. Fares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many organic solid wastes are produced in the world. Poultry manure (PM), municipal organic wastes (MOW) and sugar beet lime sludge (LS) are produced in large quantities in Morocco. The co-composting of these organic wastes was investigated. The recycling and the valorization of such wastes is environmentally and economically beneficial especially for PM which is known source of bacterial pathogens. The aerobic biodegradation process was carried out by using three windrows of variable compositions: C1 prepared without LS (only MOW were composted with PM), C2 prepared from MOW plus PM and10% LS; and the last one C3 from MOW plus PM and 20% LS. The main process physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, humidity and C/N) and microbiological populations (mesophilic and thermophilic flora, total coliform, fecal coliform, Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and mesophilic fungi) were monitored over three months to ascertain the compost maturity and to ensure the compost hygienic aspect. The final products were characterized by their relatively high organic matter content, and low C/N ratio of 10.6-10.9. The organic matter degradation was reached approximately 59% for C2 and C3. In addition, the monitoring of the microbial population showed that the produced composts are mature and hygienic. The agronomic valorization of the final composts was tested on radish plant with tree level of composts and poultry manure without composting. The primary results of field trial showed a growth of radish plant biomass and root development without any phytotoxicity detected which reflects the quality of the composts produced. As for poultry manure it allowed to have a better results than other composts because of its readily available nitrogen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title="compost">compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20organic%20wastes" title=" municipal organic wastes"> municipal organic wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20manure" title=" poultry manure"> poultry manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radish%20crop" title=" radish crop"> radish crop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar%20beet%20lime%20sludge" title=" sugar beet lime sludge"> sugar beet lime sludge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42134/m-j-rodriguez-f-m-sanchez-b-velardo-p-calvo-m-j-serradilla-j-delgado-j-m-lopez" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Comparative Analysis of a Self-Supporting Wall of Granite Slabs in a Multi-Leaves Enclosure System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Angel%20Calvo%20Salve">Miguel Angel Calvo Salve</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building enclosures and façades not only have an aesthetic component they must also ensure thermal comfort and improve the acoustics and air quality in buildings. The role of facades design, its assemblies, and construction are key in developing a greener future in architecture. This research and study focus on the design of a multi-leaves building envelope, with a self-supporting wall of granite slabs. The study will demonstrate the advantages of its use in compare with the hanging stone veneer in a vented cladding system. Using the Design of the School of Music and Theatre of the Atlantic Area in Spain as a case study where the multi-leaves enclosure system consists in a self-supported outer leaf of large granite slabs of 15cm. of thickness, a vent cavity with thermal isolation, a brick wall, and a series of internal layers. The methodology used were simulations and data collected in building. The advantages of the self-supporting wall of granite slabs in the outer leaf (15cm). compared with a hanging stone veneer in a vented cladding system can summarize the goals as follows: Using the stone in more natural way, by compression. The weight of the stone slabs goes directly to a strip-footing and don't overload the reinforced concrete structure of the building. The weight of the stone slabs provides an external aerial soundproofing, preventing the sound transmission to the structure. The thickness of the stone slabs is enough to provide the external waterproofing of the building envelope. The self-supporting system with minimum anchorages allows having a continuous and external thermal isolation without thermal bridges. The thickness of ashlars masonry provides a thermal inertia that balances the temperatures between day and night in the external thermal insulation layer. The absence of open joints gives the quality of a continuous envelope transmitting the sensations of the stone, the heaviness in the facade, the rhythm of the music and the sequence of the theatre. The main cost of stone due his bigger thickness is more than compensated with the reduction in assembly costs. Don´t need any substructure systems for hanging stone veneers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-supporting%20wall" title="self-supporting wall">self-supporting wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20cladding%20systems" title=" stone cladding systems"> stone cladding systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanging%20veneer%20cladding%20systems" title=" hanging veneer cladding systems"> hanging veneer cladding systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20of%20facade%20systems" title=" sustainability of facade systems"> sustainability of facade systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177649/comparative-analysis-of-a-self-supporting-wall-of-granite-slabs-in-a-multi-leaves-enclosure-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Counting Fishes in Aquaculture Ponds: Application of Imaging Sonars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20C.%20Gutierrez-Estrada">Juan C. Gutierrez-Estrada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inmaculada%20Pulido-Calvo"> Inmaculada Pulido-Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ignacio%20De%20La%20Rosa"> Ignacio De La Rosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Peregrin"> Antonio Peregrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Gomez-Bravo"> Fernando Gomez-Bravo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Lopez-Dominguez"> Samuel Lopez-Dominguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Garrocho-Cruz"> Alejandro Garrocho-Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jairo%20Castro-Gutierrez"> Jairo Castro-Gutierrez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The semi-intensive aquaculture in traditional earth ponds is the main rearing system in Southern Spain. These fish rearing systems are approximately two thirds of aquatic production in this area which has made a significant contribution to the regional economy in recent years. In this type of rearing system, a crucial aspect is the correct quantification and control of the fish abundance in the ponds because the fish farmer knows how many fishes he puts in the ponds but doesn’t know how many fishes will harvest at the end of the rear period. This is a consequence of the mortality induced by different causes as pathogen agents as parasites, viruses and bacteria and other factors as predation of fish-eating birds and poaching. Track the fish abundance in these installations is very difficult because usually the ponds take up a large area of land and the management of the water flow is not automatized. Therefore, there is a very high degree of uncertainty on the abundance fishes which strongly hinders the management and planning of the sales. A novel and non-invasive procedure to count fishes in the ponds is by the means of imaging sonars, particularly fixed systems and/or linked to aquatic vehicles as Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). In this work, a method based on census stations procedures is proposed to evaluate the fish abundance estimation accuracy using images obtained of multibeam sonars. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain a realistic approach about the number of fishes, sizes and therefore the biomass contained in the ponds. This research is included in the framework of the KTTSeaDrones Project (‘Conocimiento y transferencia de tecnología sobre vehículos aéreos y acuáticos para el desarrollo transfronterizo de ciencias marinas y pesqueras 0622-KTTSEADRONES-5-E’) financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal Programme (POCTEP) 2014-2020. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=census%20station%20procedure" title="census station procedure">census station procedure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20biomass" title=" fish biomass"> fish biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-intensive%20aquaculture" title=" semi-intensive aquaculture"> semi-intensive aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multibeam%20sonars" title=" multibeam sonars"> multibeam sonars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136764/counting-fishes-in-aquaculture-ponds-application-of-imaging-sonars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Pelvic Floor Training in Elite Athletes: Fact or Fiction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Barbano%20Acevedo-Gomez">Maria Barbano Acevedo-Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Sonsoles%20Rodriguez-Lopez"> Elena Sonsoles Rodriguez-Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Olivia%20Calvo-Moreno"> Sofia Olivia Calvo-Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Basas-Garcia"> Angel Basas-Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristophe%20Ramirez"> Cristophe Ramirez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine. In persons who practice sport, its prevalence is 36.1% (95% CI 26.5%-46.8%) and varies as it seems to depend on the intensity of exercise, movements, and impact on the ground. Such high impact sports are likely to generate higher intra-abdominal pressures and leading to pelvic floor muscle weakness. Even though the emphasis of this research is on female athletes, all women should perform pelvic floor muscle exercises as a part of their general physical exercise. Pelvic floor exercises are generally considered the first treatment against urinary incontinence. Objective: The main objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge of the pelvic floor and of the UI in elite athletes and know if they incorporate pelvic floor strengthening in their training. Methods: This was an observational study conducted on 754 elite athletes. After collecting questions about the pelvic floor, UI, and sport-related data, participants completed the questionnaire International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short-Form (ICIQ-SF). Results: 57.3% of the athletes reflect not having knowledge of their pelvic floor, 48.3% do not know what strengthening exercises are, and around 90% have never practiced them. 78.1% (n=589) of all elite athletes do not include pelvic floor exercises in their training. Of the elite athletes surveyed, 33% had UI according to ICIQ-SF (mean age 23.75 ± 7.74 years). In response to the question 'Do you think you have or have had UI?', Only 9% of the 754 elite athletes admitted they presently had UI, and 13.3% indicated they had had UI at some time. However, 22.7% (n=171) reported they had experienced urine leakage while training. Of the athletes who indicated they did not have UI in the ICIQ-SF, 25.7% stated they did experience urine leakage during training (χ² [1] = 265.56; p < 0.001). Further, 12.3% of the athletes who considered they did not have UI and 60% of those who admitted they had had UI on some occasion stated they had suffered some urine leakage in the past 3 months (χ² [1] = 287.59; p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge about UI in sport. Through the use of validated questionnaires, we observed a UI prevalence of 33%, and 22.7% reported they experienced urine leakage while training. These figures contrast with only 9% of athletes who reported they had or had in the past had UI. This discrepancy could reflect the great lack of knowledge about UI in sports and that sometimes an athlete may consider that urine leakage is normal and a consequence of the demands of training. These data support the idea that coaches, physiotherapists, and other professionals involved in maximizing the performance of athletes should include pelvic floor muscle exercises in their training programs. Measures such as this could help to prevent UI during training and could be a starting point for future studies designed to develop adequate prevention and treatment strategies for this embarrassing problem affecting young athletes, both male and female. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title="athletes">athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20floor" title=" pelvic floor"> pelvic floor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title=" sport"> sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20incontinence" title=" urinary incontinence"> urinary incontinence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132199/pelvic-floor-training-in-elite-athletes-fact-or-fiction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Need For Higher Education Stem Integrated into the Social Science</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Fernando%20Calvo%20Prieto">Luis Fernando Calvo Prieto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raul%20Herrero%20Mart%C3%ADnez"> Raul Herrero Martínez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%B3nica%20Santamarta%20Llorente"> Mónica Santamarta Llorente</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Paniagua%20Bermejo"> Sergio Paniagua Bermejo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The project that is presented starts from the questioning about the compartmentalization of knowledge that occurs in university higher education. There are several authors who describe the problems associated with this reality (Rodamillans, M) indicating a lack of integration of the knowledge acquired by students throughout the subjects taken in their university degree. Furthermore, this disintegration is accentuated by the enrollment system of some Faculties and/or Schools of Engineering, which allows the student to take subjects outside the recommended curricular path. This problem is accentuated in an ostentatious way when trying to find an integration between humanistic subjects and the world of experimental sciences or engineering. This abrupt separation between humanities and sciences can be observed in any study plan of Spanish degrees. Except for subjects such as economics or English, in the Faculties of Sciences and the Schools of Engineering, the absence of any humanistic content is striking. At some point it was decided that the only value to take into account when designing their study plans was “usefulness”, considering the humanities systematically useless for their training, and therefore banishing them from the study plans. forgetting the role they have on the capacity of both Leadership and Civic Humanism in our professionals of tomorrow. The teaching guides for the different subjects in the branch of science or engineering do not include any competency, not even transversal, related to leadership capacity or the need, in today's world, for social, civic and humanitarian knowledge part of the people who will offer medical, pharmaceutical, environmental, biotechnological or engineering solutions to a society that is generated thanks to more or less complex relationships based on human relationships and historical events that have occurred so far. If we want professionals who know how to deal effectively and rationally with their leadership tasks and who, in addition, find and develop an ethically civic sense and a humanistic profile in their functions and scientific tasks, we must not leave aside the importance that it has, for the themselves, know the causes, facts and consequences of key events in the history of humanity. The words of the humanist Paul Preston are well known: “he who does not know his history is condemned to repeat the mistakes of the past.” The idea, therefore, that today there can be men of science in the way that the scientists of the Renaissance were, becomes, at the very least, difficult to conceive. To think that a Leonardo da Vinci can be repeated in current times is a more than crazy idea; and although at first it may seem that the specialization of a professional is inevitable but beneficial, there are authors who consider (Sánchez Inarejos) that it has an extremely serious negative side effect: the entrenchment behind the different postulates of each area of knowledge, disdaining everything. what is foreign to it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title="STEM">STEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174076/the-need-for-higher-education-stem-integrated-into-the-social-science" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Urinary Incontinence and Performance in Elite Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Barba%C3%B1o%20Acevedo%20G%C3%B3mez">María Barbaño Acevedo Gómez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Sonsoles%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20L%C3%B3pez"> Elena Sonsoles Rodríguez López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sof%C3%ADa%20Olivia%20Calvo%20Moreno"> Sofía Olivia Calvo Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81ngel%20Basas%20Garc%C3%ADa"> Ángel Basas García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Ram%C3%ADRez%20Parenteau"> Christophe RamíRez Parenteau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine. In persons who practice sport, its prevalence is 36.1% (95% CI 26.5% –46.8%) and varies as it seems to depend on the intensity of exercise, movements and impact on the ground. Such high impact sports are likely to generate higher intra-abdominal pressures and leading to pelvic floor muscle weakness. Although physical exercise reduces the risk of suffering from many diseases the mentality of an elite athlete is not to optimize their health, achieving their goals can put their health at risk. Furthermore, feeling or suffering from any discomfort during training seems to be normal within the elite sport demands. Objective: The main objective of the present study was to know the effects of UI in sports performance in athletes. Methods: This was an observational study conducted in 754 elite athletes. After collecting questions about pelvic floor, UI and sport-related data, participants completed the questionnaire International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short- Form (ICIQ-SF) and ISI (index of incontinence severity). Results: 48.8% of the athletes declare having losses also in rest, preseason and / or competition (χ2 [3] = 3.64; p = 0.302), being the competition period (29.1%) the most frequent where suffer from urine leakage. Of the elite athletes surveyed, 33% had UI according ICIQ-SF (mean age 23.75 ± 7.74 years). Elite athletes with UI (5.31 ± 1.07 days) dedicate significantly more days per week to training [M = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.08-0.48; t (752) = 2.78; p = 0.005] than those without UI. Regarding frequency, 59.7% lose urine once a week, 25.6% lose urine more than 3 times a week, and 14.7% daily. Based on the amount, approximately 15% claim to lose a moderate and abundant. Athletes with the highest number of urine leaks during their training, the UI affects them more in their daily life (r = 0.259; p = 0.001), they present a greater number of losses in their day to day (r = 0.341; p <0.001 ) and greater severity of UI (r = 0.341; p <0.001). Conclusions: Athletes consider that UI affects them negatively in their daily routine, 30.9% affirm having a severity between moderate and severe in their daily routine, and 29.1% loss urine in competition period. An interesting fact is that more than half of the samples collected were elite athletes who compete at the highest level (Olympic Games, World and European Championship), the dedication to sport occupies a big piece in their life. The most frequent period where athletes suffers urine leakage is in competition and there are many emotions that athletes manage to get their best performance, if we add urine losses in that moments it is possible that their performance could be affected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title="athletes">athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title=" sport"> sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20incontinence" title=" urinary incontinence"> urinary incontinence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133142/urinary-incontinence-and-performance-in-elite-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Sorghum Polyphenols Encapsulated by Spray Drying, Using Modified Starches as Wall Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Garcia%20G.">Adriana Garcia G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20A.%20Escobar%20P."> Alberto A. Escobar P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20D.%20Calvo%20L."> Amira D. Calvo L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Lizama%20U."> Gabriel Lizama U.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Zepeda%20P."> Alejandro Zepeda P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Mart%C3%ADnez%20B."> Fernando Martínez B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susana%20Rinc%C3%B3n%20A."> Susana Rincón A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Different studies have recently been focused on the use of antioxidants such as polyphenols because of to its anticarcinogenic capacity. However, these compounds are highly sensible to environmental factors such as light and heat, so lose its long-term stability, besides possess an astringent and bitter taste. Nevertheless, the polyphenols can be protected by microcapsule formulation. In this sense, a rich source of polyphenols is sorghum, besides presenting a high starch content. Due to the above, the aim of this work was to obtain modified starches from sorghum by extrusion to encapsulate polyphenols the sorghum by spray drying. Polyphenols were extracted by ethanol solution from sorghum (Pajarero/red) and determined by the method of Folin-Ciocalteu, obtaining GAE at 30 mg/g. Moreover, was extracted starch of sorghum (Sinaloense/white) through wet milling (yield 32 %). The hydrolyzed starch was modified with three treatments: acetic anhydride (2.5g/100g), sodium tripolyphosphate (4g/100g), and sodium tripolyphosphate/ acetic anhydride (2g/1.25g by each 100 g) by extrusion. Processing conditions of extrusion were as follows: barrel temperatures were of 60, 130 and 170 °C at the feeding, transition, and high-pressure extrusion zones, respectively. Analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), showed bands exhibited of acetyl groups (1735 cm-1) and phosphates (1170 cm-1, 910 cm-1 and 525 cm-1), indicating the respective modification of starch. Besides, all modified starches not developed viscosity, which is a characteristic required for use in the encapsulation of polyphenols using the spray drying technique. As result of the modification starch, was obtained a water solubility index (WSI) from 33.8 to 44.8 %, and crystallinity from 8 to 11 %, indicating the destruction of the starch granule. Afterwards, microencapsulation of polyphenols was developed by spray drying, with a blend of 10 g of modified starch, 60 ml polyphenol extract and 30 ml of distilled water. Drying conditions were as follows: inlet air temperature 150 °C ± 1, outlet air temperature 80°C ± 5. As result of the microencapsulation: were obtained yields of 56.8 to 77.4 % and an efficiency of encapsulation from 84.6 to 91.4 %. The FTIR analysis showed evidence of microcapsules loaded with polyphenols in bands 1042 cm-1, 1038 cm-1 and 1148 cm-1. Analysis Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed transition temperatures from 144.1 to 173.9 °C. For the order hand, analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), were observed rounded surfaces with concavities, typical feature of microcapsules produced by spray drying, how result of rapid evaporation of water. Finally, the modified starches were obtained by extrusion with good characteristics for use as cover materials by spray drying, where the phosphorylated starch was the best treatment in this work, according to the encapsulation yield, efficiency, and transition temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title="encapsulation">encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion" title=" extrusion"> extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20starch" title=" modified starch"> modified starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20drying" title=" spray drying"> spray drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49820/sorghum-polyphenols-encapsulated-by-spray-drying-using-modified-starches-as-wall-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Impact of Tourism on the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Pilgrim Routes: The Case of El Camino de Santiago</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Angel%20Calvo%20Salve">Miguel Angel Calvo Salve</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This qualitative and quantitative study will identify the impact of tourism pressure on the intangible cultural heritage of the pilgrim route of El Camino de Santiago (Saint James Way) and propose an approach to a sustainable touristic model for these Cultural Routes. Since 1993, the Spanish Section of the Pilgrim Route of El Camino de Santiago has been on the World Heritage List. In 1994, the International Committee on Cultural Routes (CIIC-ICOMOS) initiated its work with the goal of studying, preserving, and promoting the cultural routes and their significance as a whole. Another ICOMOS group, the Charter on Cultural Routes, pointed out in 2008 the importance of both tangible and intangible heritage and the need for a holistic vision in preserving these important cultural assets. Tangible elements provide a physical confirmation of the existence of these cultural routes, while the intangible elements serve to give sense and meaning to it as a whole. Intangible assets of a Cultural Route are key to understanding the route's significance and its associated heritage values. Like many pilgrim routes, the Route to Santiago, as the result of a long evolutionary process, exhibits and is supported by intangible assets, including hospitality, cultural and religious expressions, music, literature, and artisanal trade, among others. A large increase in pilgrims walking the route, with very different aims and tourism pressure, has shown how the dynamic links between the intangible cultural heritage and the local inhabitants along El Camino are fragile and vulnerable. Economic benefits for the communities and population along the cultural routes are commonly fundamental for the micro-economies of the people living there, substituting traditional productive activities, which, in fact, modifies and has an impact on the surrounding environment and the route itself. Consumption of heritage is one of the major issues of sustainable preservation promoted with the intention of revitalizing those sites and places. The adaptation of local communities to new conditions aimed at preserving and protecting existing heritage has had a significant impact on immaterial inheritance. Based on questionnaires to pilgrims, tourists and local communities along El Camino during the peak season of the year, and using official statistics from the Galician Pilgrim’s Office, this study will identify the risk and threats to El Camino de Santiago as a Cultural Route. The threats visible nowadays due to the impact of mass tourism include transformations of tangible heritage, consumerism of the intangible, changes of local activities, loss in the authenticity of symbols and spiritual significance, and pilgrimage transformed into a tourism ‘product’, among others. The study will also approach some measures and solutions to mitigate those impacts and better preserve this type of cultural heritage. Therefore, this study will help the Route services providers and policymakers to better preserve the Cultural Route as a whole to ultimately improve the satisfying experience of pilgrims. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20routes" title="cultural routes">cultural routes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Camino%20de%20Santiago" title=" El Camino de Santiago"> El Camino de Santiago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20of%20tourism" title=" impact of tourism"> impact of tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intangible%20heritage" title=" intangible heritage"> intangible heritage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177843/the-impact-of-tourism-on-the-intangible-cultural-heritage-of-pilgrim-routes-the-case-of-el-camino-de-santiago" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Presence and Severity of Language Deficits in Comprehension, Production and Pragmatics in a Group of ALS Patients: Analysis with Demographic and Neuropsychological Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Testa">M. Testa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Peotta"> L. Peotta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Giusiano"> S. Giusiano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lazzolino"> B. Lazzolino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Manera"> U. Manera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Canosa"> A. Canosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Grassano"> M. Grassano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Palumbo"> F. Palumbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bombaci"> A. Bombaci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Cabras"> S. Cabras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Di%20Pede"> F. Di Pede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Solero"> L. Solero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Matteoni"> E. Matteoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Moglia"> C. Moglia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Calvo"> A. Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chio"> A. Chio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of adulthood, which primarily affects the central nervous system and is characterized by progressive bilateral degeneration of motor neurons. The degeneration processes in ALS extend far beyond the neurons of the motor system, and affects cognition, behaviour and language. To outline the prevalence of language deficits in an ALS cohort and explore their profile along with demographic and neuropsychological data. A full neuropsychological battery and language assessment was administered to 56 ALS patients. Neuropsychological assessment included tests of executive functioning, verbal fluency, social cognition and memory. Language was assessed using tests for verbal comprehension, production and pragmatics. Patients were cognitively classified following the Revised Consensus Criteria and divided in three groups showing different levels of language deficits: group 1 - no language deficit; group 2 - one language deficit; group 3 - two or more language deficits. Chi-square for independence and non-parametric measures to compare groups were applied. Nearly half of ALS-CN patients (48%) reported one language test under the clinical cut-off, and only 13% of patents classified as ALS-CI showed no language deficits, while the rest 87% of ALS-CI reported two or more language deficits. ALS-BI and ALS-CBI cases all reported two or more language deficits. Deficits in production and in comprehension appeared more frequent in ALS-CI patients (p=0.011, p=0.003 respectively), with a higher percentage of comprehension deficits (83%). Nearly all ALS-CI reported at least one deficit in pragmatic abilities (96%) and all ALS-BI and ALS-CBI patients showed pragmatic deficits. Males showed higher percentage of pragmatic deficits (97%, p=0.007). No significant differences in language deficits have been found between bulbar and spinal onset. Months from onset and level of impairment at testing (ALS-FRS total score) were not significantly different between levels and type of language impairment. Age and education were significantly higher for cases showing no deficits in comprehension and pragmatics and in the group showing no language deficits. Comparing performances at neuropsychological tests among the three levels of language deficits, no significant differences in neuropsychological performances were found between group 1 and 2; compared to group 1, group 3 appeared to decay specifically on executive testing, verbal/visuospatial learning, and social cognition. Compared to group 2, group 3 showed worse performances specifically in tests of working memory and attention. Language deficits have found to be spread in our sample, encompassing verbal comprehension, production and pragmatics. Our study reveals that also cognitive intact patients (ALS-CN) showed at least one language deficit in 48% of cases. Pragmatic domain is the most compromised (84% of the total sample), present in nearly all ALS-CI (96%), likely due to the influence of executive impairment. Lower age and higher education seem to preserve comprehension, pragmatics and presence of language deficits. Finally, executive functions, verbal/visuospatial learning and social cognition differentiate the group with no language deficits from the group with a clinical language impairment (group 3), while attention and working memory differentiate the group with one language deficit from the clinical impaired group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis" title="amyotrophic lateral sclerosis">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20assessment" title=" language assessment"> language assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropsychological%20assessment" title=" neuropsychological assessment"> neuropsychological assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20deficit" title=" language deficit"> language deficit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144690/presence-and-severity-of-language-deficits-in-comprehension-production-and-pragmatics-in-a-group-of-als-patients-analysis-with-demographic-and-neuropsychological-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Ecuador Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Escand%C3%B3n">Samuel Escandón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20J.%20Pe%C3%B1aherrera-V%C3%A9lez"> María J. Peñaherrera-Vélez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Signe%20Vargas-Rosvik"> Signe Vargas-Rosvik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Jerves%20C%C3%B3rdova"> Carlos Jerves Córdova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ximena%20V%C3%A9lez-Calvo"> Ximena Vélez-Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ang%C3%A9lica%20Ochoa-Avil%C3%A9s"> Angélica Ochoa-Avilés</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Overweight and obesity are considered risk factors in childhood for developing nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In Ecuador, 35.4% of 5- to 11-year-olds and 29.6% of 12- to 19-year-olds are overweight or obese. Globally, unhealthy food environments characterized by high consumption of processed/ultra-processed food and rapid urbanization are highly related to the increasing nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. The evidence shows that in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), fiscal policies and regulatory measures significantly reduce unhealthy food environments, achieving substantial advances in health. However, in some LMICs, little is known about the impact of governments' action to implement healthy food-environment policies. This study aimed to generate evidence on the state of implementation of public policy focused on food environments for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Ecuador compared to global best practices and to target key recommendations for reinforcing the current strategies. After adapting the INFORMAS' Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food‐EPI) to the Ecuadorian context, the Policy and Infrastructure support components were assessed. Individual online interviews were performed using fifty-one indicators to analyze the level of implementation of policies directly or indirectly related to preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents compared to international best practices. Additionally, a participatory workshop was conducted to identify the critical indicators and generate recommendations to reinforce or improve the political action around them. In total, 17 government and non-government experts were consulted. From 51 assessed indicators, only the one corresponding to the nutritional information and ingredients labelling registered an implementation level higher than 60% (67%) compared to the best international practices. Among the 17 indicators determined as priorities by the participants, those corresponding to the provision of local products in school meals and the limitation of unhealthy-products promotion in traditional and digital media had the lowest level of implementation (34% and 11%, respectively) compared to global best practices. The participants identified more barriers (e.g., lack of continuity of effective policies across government administrations) than facilitators (e.g., growing interest from the Ministry of Environment because of the eating-behavior environmental impact) for Ecuador to move closer to the best international practices. Finally, within the participants' recommendations, we highlight the need for policy-evaluation systems, information transparency on the impact of the policies, transformation of successful strategies into laws or regulations to make them mandatory, and regulation of power and influence from the food industry (conflicts of interest). Actions focused on promoting a more active role of society in the stages of policy formation and achieving more articulated actions between the different government levels/institutions for implementing the policy are necessary to generate a noteworthy impact on preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Including systems for internal evaluation of existing strategies to strengthen successful actions, create policies to fill existing gaps and reform policies that do not generate significant impact should be a priority for the Ecuadorian government to improve the country's food environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20and%20adolescents" title="children and adolescents">children and adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food-EPI" title=" food-EPI"> food-EPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20policies" title=" food policies"> food policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20food%20environment" title=" healthy food environment"> healthy food environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172816/the-ecuador-healthy-food-environment-policy-index-food-epi" class="btn 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