CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html dir="ltr" lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0G1L6Z6LXW"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-147239187-1'); gtag('config', 'G-0G1L6Z6LXW');</script> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">!function(){"use strict";function e(e){const t=e.match(/((?=([a-z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-z0-9._-]+\.[a-z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:""}function t(t){return e(a(t.toLowerCase()))}function a(e){return e.replace(/\s/g,"")}async function n(e){const t={sha256Hash:"",sha1Hash:""};if(!("msCrypto"in window)&&"https:"===location.protocol&&"crypto"in window&&"TextEncoder"in window){const a=(new TextEncoder).encode(e),[n,c]=await Promise.all([s("SHA-256",a),s("SHA-1",a)]);t.sha256Hash=n,t.sha1Hash=c}return t}async function s(e,t){const a=await crypto.subtle.digest(e,t);return Array.from(new Uint8Array(a)).map(e=>("00"+e.toString(16)).slice(-2)).join("")}function c(e){let t=!0;return Object.keys(e).forEach(a=>{0===e[a].length&&(t=!1)}),t}function i(e,t,a){e.splice(t,1);const n="?"+e.join("&")+a.hash;history.replaceState(null,"",n)}var o={checkEmail:e,validateEmail:t,trimInput:a,hashEmail:n,hasHashes:c,removeEmailAndReplaceHistory:i,detectEmails:async function(){const e=new URL(window.location.href),a=Array.from(e.searchParams.entries()).map(e=>`${e[0]}=${e[1]}`);let s,o;const r=["adt_eih","sh_kit"];if(a.forEach((e,t)=>{const a=decodeURIComponent(e),[n,c]=a.split("=");if("adt_ei"===n&&(s={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"url"}),r.includes(n)){o={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"sh_kit"===n?"urlhck":"urlh"}}}),s)t(s.value)&&n(s.value).then(e=>{if(c(e)){const t={value:e,created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(t)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",s.emsrc)}});else if(o){const e={value:{sha256Hash:o.value,sha1Hash:""},created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(e)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",o.emsrc)}s&&i(a,s.index,e),o&&i(a,o.index,e)},cb:"adthrive"};const{detectEmails:r,cb:l}=o;r()}();</script><link media="all" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/css/autoptimize_d5326a75df8f420c21b8fd18786d3f74.css" rel="stylesheet"><title>Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris): Star Type, Name, Location, Constellation | Star Facts</title> <script data-affiliate-config type="application/json">{"enableLinkMonetizer":true,"keywordLinkerKeywordLimit":"","affiliateJsClientPath":"https:\/\/affiliate-cdn.raptive.com\/affiliate.mvp.min.js","affiliateApiPath":"https:\/\/affiliate-api.raptive.com","amazonAffiliateId":"raptive-star-facts-20","excludeNetworks":["raptive"],"excludeDestinations":["cj"],"enableAnalytics":true,"pluginVersion":"1.1.6"}</script> <script async referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false" src="https://affiliate-cdn.raptive.com/affiliate.mvp.min.js"></script> <meta name="description" content="Dubhe, Alpha Ursae Majoris (α UMa) is a spectroscopic binary star in Ursa Major constellation. It is part of the Big Dipper and known as one of the Pointer Stars." /><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.star-facts.com/dubhe/" /><meta name="generator" content="All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.7.5" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Star Facts – Stars: A guide to the night sky" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris): Star Type, Name, Location, Constellation | Star Facts" /><meta property="og:description" content="Dubhe, Alpha Ursae Majoris (α UMa) is a spectroscopic binary star in Ursa Major constellation. It is part of the Big Dipper and known as one of the Pointer Stars." /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.star-facts.com/dubhe/" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-09-10T02:15:39+00:00" /><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-04-24T00:12:04+00:00" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris): Star Type, Name, Location, Constellation | Star Facts" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Dubhe, Alpha Ursae Majoris (α UMa) is a spectroscopic binary star in Ursa Major constellation. It is part of the Big Dipper and known as one of the Pointer Stars." /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="aioseo-schema">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#article","name":"Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris): Star Type, Name, Location, Constellation | Star Facts","headline":"Dubhe","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Dubhe.webp","width":550,"height":412,"caption":"Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris), image: Wikisky"},"datePublished":"2019-09-10T02:15:39+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-24T00:12:04+00:00","inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"Giant Stars, Navigational Stars, Spectroscopic Binary Stars, Ursa Major Stars, Alioth, Alkaid, Alnair, Alnitak, Alpha Persei, Alpha Ursae Majoris, Big Dipper, Bode's Galaxy, Cigar Galaxy, Dubhe, Epsilon Ursae Majoris, Eta Ursae Majoris, Kaus Australis, Megrez, Merak, Messier 106, Messier 51, Messier 81, Messier 82, Mirfak, Mizar, North Star, Phecda, Pointer Stars, Polaris, Regor, Regulus, The Sickle of Leo, Ursa Major Moving Group, Wezen, Whirlpool Galaxy"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/","nextItem":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#listItem"},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Dubhe","previousItem":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#listItem"}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#organization","name":"Star Facts","description":"Stars: A guide to the night sky","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/","name":"admin"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/","name":"Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris): Star Type, Name, Location, Constellation | Star Facts","description":"Dubhe, Alpha Ursae Majoris (\u03b1 UMa) is a spectroscopic binary star in Ursa Major constellation. It is part of the Big Dipper and known as one of the Pointer Stars.","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Dubhe.webp","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#mainImage","width":550,"height":412,"caption":"Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris), image: Wikisky"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/dubhe\/#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2019-09-10T02:15:39+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-24T00:12:04+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/","name":"Star Facts","description":"Stars: A guide to the night sky","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#organization"}}]}</script> <style data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">.adthrive-ad { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; overflow-x: visible; clear: both; line-height: 0; } body.archive .adthrive-content, body.home .adthrive-content, body.search .adthrive-content { flex:0 0 100%; } Body.archive { Margin: auto; } body.adthrive-device-desktop { overflow: unset !important; }</style> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">window.adthriveCLS = { enabledLocations: ['Content', 'Recipe'], injectedSlots: [], injectedFromPlugin: true, branch: '589b349',bucket: 'prod', }; window.adthriveCLS.siteAds = {"siteId":"605dcb4160a483f0ed75871a","siteName":"Star Facts","betaTester":true,"targeting":[{"value":"605dcb4160a483f0ed75871a","key":"siteId"},{"value":"6233884d9dcf8170881bd786","key":"organizationId"},{"value":"Star Facts","key":"siteName"},{"value":"AdThrive Edge","key":"service"},{"value":"on","key":"bidding"},{"value":["Science"],"key":"verticals"}],"breakpoints":{"tablet":768,"desktop":1024},"cloudflare":{"version":"0439708"},"adUnits":[{"sequence":1,"targeting":[{"value":["Sidebar"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Sidebar_1","sticky":false,"location":"Sidebar","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"#secondary > *","skip":2,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[160,600],[336,280],[320,50],[300,600],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,1050],[300,50],[300,420],[300,250]],"priority":299,"autosize":true},{"sequence":9,"targeting":[{"value":["Sidebar"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Sidebar_9","sticky":true,"location":"Sidebar","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"#secondary","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":".site-footer","adSizes":[[160,600],[336,280],[320,50],[300,600],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,1050],[300,50],[300,420],[300,250]],"priority":291,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":1,"max":3,"lazyMax":96,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","skip":3,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["tablet"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":0.7,"max":4,"lazyMax":95,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","skip":1,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["phone"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":1,"max":3,"lazyMax":96,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","skip":3,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["tablet","phone","desktop"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.archive, body.home, body.search","spacing":0,"max":3,"lazyMax":4,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":"article","skip":1,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":2,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Below Post"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["phone","tablet","desktop"],"name":"Below_Post","sticky":false,"location":"Below Post","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":0,"max":0,"lazyMax":1,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,250],[970,250],[728,250]],"priority":99,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Footer"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["tablet","phone","desktop"],"name":"Footer","sticky":true,"location":"Footer","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"body","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[320,50],[320,100],[728,90],[970,90],[468,60],[1,1],[300,50]],"priority":-1,"autosize":true}],"adDensityLayout":{"mobile":{"adDensity":0.26,"onePerViewport":false},"pageOverrides":[{"mobile":{"adDensity":0.3,"onePerViewport":false},"note":null,"pageSelector":"body.archive, body.home, body.search","desktop":{"adDensity":0.3,"onePerViewport":false}}],"desktop":{"adDensity":0.25,"onePerViewport":false}},"adDensityEnabled":true,"siteExperiments":[],"adTypes":{"sponsorTileDesktop":true,"interscrollerDesktop":true,"nativeDesktopContent":true,"outstreamDesktop":true,"nativeBelowPostDesktop":true,"miniscroller":true,"animatedFooter":true,"largeFormatsMobile":true,"nativeMobileContent":true,"inRecipeRecommendationMobile":true,"nativeMobileRecipe":true,"expandableFooter":true,"nativeDesktopSidebar":true,"sponsorTileMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsMobile":false,"interscroller":true,"nativeDesktopRecipe":true,"outstreamMobile":true,"nativeHeaderDesktop":true,"nativeHeaderMobile":true,"nativeBelowPostMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsDesktop":false,"largeFormatsDesktop":true,"inRecipeRecommendationDesktop":true},"adOptions":{"theTradeDesk":true,"rtbhouse":true,"undertone":true,"sidebarConfig":{"dynamicStickySidebar":{"minHeight":1250,"enabled":true,"blockedSelectors":[]}},"footerCloseButton":true,"teads":true,"pmp":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":true,"sharethrough":true,"optimizeVideoPlayersForEarnings":true,"removeVideoTitleWrapper":true,"pubMatic":true,"infiniteScroll":false,"yahoossp":true,"improvedigital":true,"spa":false,"stickyContainerConfig":{"recipeDesktop":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"blockedSelectors":[],"stickyHeaderSelectors":[],"content":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"recipeMobile":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false}},"sonobi":true,"yieldmo":true,"footerSelector":"","amazonUAM":true,"gamMCMEnabled":true,"gamMCMChildNetworkCode":"306030555","stickyContainerAds":false,"rubicon":true,"conversant":true,"openx":true,"customCreativeEnabled":true,"mobileHeaderHeight":1,"secColor":"#000000","unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"bRealTime":true,"gumgum":true,"comscoreFooter":true,"desktopInterstitial":false,"footerCloseButtonDesktop":false,"ozone":false,"isAutoOptimized":false,"adform":true,"comscoreTAL":true,"targetaff":false,"bgColor":"#FFFFFF","advancePlaylistOptions":{"playlistPlayer":{"enabled":true},"relatedPlayer":{"enabled":true,"applyToFirst":true}},"amazonASR":false,"kargo":true,"liveRampATS":true,"footerCloseButtonMobile":false,"interstitialBlockedPageSelectors":"","allowSmallerAdSizes":true,"comscore":"General","wakeLock":{"desktopEnabled":true,"mobileValue":15,"mobileEnabled":true,"desktopValue":30},"mobileInterstitial":false,"tripleLift":true,"sensitiveCategories":["alc","ast","cbd","conl","dat","drg","gamc","gamv","pol","rel","sst","ssr","srh","ske","tob","wtl"],"liveRamp":true,"mobileInterstitialBlockedPageSelectors":"","adthriveEmailIdentity":true,"criteo":true,"nativo":false,"infiniteScrollOptions":{"selector":"","heightThreshold":0},"siteAttributes":{"mobileHeaderSelectors":[],"desktopHeaderSelectors":[]},"dynamicContentSlotLazyLoading":true,"clsOptimizedAds":true,"aidem":false,"verticals":["Science"],"inImage":false,"advancePlaylist":true,"flipp":true,"delayLoading":true,"inImageZone":null,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"liveRampId":"","infiniteScrollRefresh":false,"indexExchange":true},"videoPlayers":{"contextual":{"autoplayCollapsibleEnabled":false,"overrideEmbedLocation":false,"defaultPlayerType":"static"},"videoEmbed":"wordpress","footerSelector":"","contentSpecificPlaylists":[],"players":[{"devices":["desktop","mobile"],"description":"","id":4072691,"title":"Stationary related player - desktop and mobile","type":"stationaryRelated","enabled":true,"playerId":"aZeRva7x"},{"pageSelector":"","devices":["desktop"],"description":"","elementSelector":"","skip":0,"id":4072692,"position":"afterend","title":"Sticky related player - desktop","type":"stickyRelated","enabled":true,"playerId":"aZeRva7x"},{"pageSelector":"","devices":["mobile"],"mobileLocation":"bottom-right","description":"","elementSelector":"","skip":0,"id":4072693,"position":"afterend","title":"Sticky related player - mobile","type":"stickyRelated","enabled":true,"playerId":"aZeRva7x"},{"playlistId":"FMjzNJj7","pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","devices":["desktop"],"description":"","skip":1,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"footerSelector":"","elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","id":4072694,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":true,"mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"MSt6KYmA"},{"playlistId":"FMjzNJj7","pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","devices":["mobile"],"mobileLocation":"top-center","description":"","skip":1,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"footerSelector":"","elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","id":4072695,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":true,"mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"MSt6KYmA"}],"partners":{"theTradeDesk":true,"yahoossp":true,"criteo":true,"unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"improvedigital":true,"undertone":true,"gumgum":true,"aidem":false,"yieldmo":true,"adform":true,"pmp":true,"amazonUAM":true,"kargo":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":false,"stickyOutstream":{"desktop":{"enabled":true},"blockedPageSelectors":"","mobileLocation":"bottom-left","allowOnHomepage":true,"mobile":{"enabled":true},"saveVideoCloseState":false,"mobileHeaderSelector":null,"allowForPageWithStickyPlayer":{"enabled":true}},"sharethrough":true,"rubicon":true,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"tripleLift":true,"openx":true,"pubMatic":true,"indexExchange":true}}};</script> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">(function(w, d) { w.adthrive = w.adthrive || {}; w.adthrive.cmd = w.adthrive.cmd || []; w.adthrive.plugin = 'adthrive-ads-3.6.2'; w.adthrive.host = 'ads.adthrive.com'; w.adthrive.integration = 'plugin'; var commitParam = (w.adthriveCLS && w.adthriveCLS.bucket !== 'prod' && w.adthriveCLS.branch) ? '&commit=' + w.adthriveCLS.branch : ''; var s = d.createElement('script'); s.async = true; s.referrerpolicy='no-referrer-when-downgrade'; s.src = 'https://' + w.adthrive.host + '/sites/605dcb4160a483f0ed75871a/ads.min.js?referrer=' + w.encodeURIComponent(w.location.href) + commitParam + '&cb=' + (Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1) + ''; var n = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); })(window, document);</script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/" crossorigin><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Star Facts » Feed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Star Facts » Comments Feed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript">window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);</script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; }</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);--wp--preset--color--neve-link-hover-color: var(--nv-secondary-accent);--wp--preset--color--nv-site-bg: var(--nv-site-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-light-bg: var(--nv-light-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-dark-bg: var(--nv-dark-bg);--wp--preset--color--neve-text-color: var(--nv-text-color);--wp--preset--color--nv-text-dark-bg: var(--nv-text-dark-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-c-1: var(--nv-c-1);--wp--preset--color--nv-c-2: var(--nv-c-2);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><style id='neve-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.header-menu-sidebar-inner li.menu-item-nav-search { display: none; } [data-row-id] .row { display: flex !important; align-items: center; flex-wrap: unset;} @media (max-width: 960px) { .footer--row .row { flex-direction: column; } } .nv-meta-list li.meta:not(:last-child):after { content:"/" }.nv-meta-list .no-mobile{ display:none; }.nv-meta-list li.last::after{ content: ""!important; }@media (min-width: 769px) { .nv-meta-list .no-mobile { display: inline-block; } .nv-meta-list li.last:not(:last-child)::after { content: "/" !important; } } .container{ max-width: 748px; } .has-neve-button-color-color{ color: var(--nv-primary-accent)!important; } .has-neve-button-color-background-color{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent)!important; } .alignfull > [class*="__inner-container"], .alignwide > [class*="__inner-container"]{ max-width:718px;margin:auto } .button.button-primary, button, input[type=button], .btn, input[type="submit"], /* Buttons in navigation */ ul[id^="nv-primary-navigation"] li.button.button-primary > a, .menu li.button.button-primary > a, .wp-block-button.is-style-primary .wp-block-button__link, .wc-block-grid .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link, form input[type="submit"], form button[type="submit"]{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff;border-radius:3px 3px 3px 3px;border:none;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; } .button.button-primary:hover, ul[id^="nv-primary-navigation"] li.button.button-primary > a:hover, .menu li.button.button-primary > a:hover, .wp-block-button.is-style-primary .wp-block-button__link:hover, .wc-block-grid .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:hover, form input[type="submit"]:hover, form button[type="submit"]:hover{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff; } .button.button-secondary:not(.secondary-default), .wp-block-button.is-style-secondary .wp-block-button__link{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff;border-radius:3px 3px 3px 3px;border:none;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; } .button.button-secondary.secondary-default{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff;border-radius:3px 3px 3px 3px;border:none;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; } .button.button-secondary:not(.secondary-default):hover, .wp-block-button.is-style-secondary .wp-block-button__link:hover{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff; } .button.button-secondary.secondary-default:hover{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff; } h1, .single h1.entry-title{ font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } form input:read-write, form textarea, form select, form select option, form.wp-block-search input.wp-block-search__input, .widget select{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } form.search-form input:read-write{ padding-right:45px !important; } .global-styled{ --bgcolor: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-main-inner,.header-main-inner a:not(.button),.header-main-inner .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-main-inner .nv-icon svg,.header-main-inner .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-main-inner .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .hfg_header .header-main-inner .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .hfg_header .header-main-inner{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-bottom-inner,.header-bottom-inner a:not(.button),.header-bottom-inner .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-bottom-inner .nv-icon svg,.header-bottom-inner .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-bottom-inner .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .hfg_header .header-bottom-inner .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .hfg_header .header-bottom-inner{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg,.header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg a:not(.button),.header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .nv-icon svg,.header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .hfg_header .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .hfg_header .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-menu-sidebar{ width: 360px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo img{ max-width: 120px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo{ padding:10px 0px 10px 0px; } .builder-item--logo{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--nav-icon .navbar-toggle{ padding:10px 15px 10px 15px; } .builder-item--nav-icon{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:not(.woocommerce-mini-cart-item) > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul .has-caret > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul .neve-mm-heading span,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul .has-caret{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:not(.woocommerce-mini-cart-item) > a:after,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li > .has-caret > a:after{ background-color: var(--nv-secondary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:not(.woocommerce-mini-cart-item):hover > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:hover > .has-caret > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:hover > .has-caret{ color: var(--nv-secondary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:hover > .has-caret svg{ fill: var(--nv-secondary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current-menu-item > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current_page_item > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current_page_item > .has-caret > a{ color: var(--nv-primary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current-menu-item > .has-caret svg{ fill: var(--nv-primary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul > li:not(:last-of-type){ margin-right:20px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart):hover > a:after{ width: calc(100% + 20px); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul li a, .builder-item--primary-menu .neve-mm-heading span{ min-height: 25px; } .builder-item--primary-menu{ font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; font-weight: 500; text-transform: none;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu svg{ width: 1em;height: 1em; } .footer-top-inner{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .footer-top-inner,.footer-top-inner a:not(.button),.footer-top-inner .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .footer-top-inner .nv-icon svg,.footer-top-inner .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .footer-top-inner .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .footer-top-inner .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .builder-item--footer-one-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--footer-two-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } @media(min-width: 576px){ .container{ max-width: 992px; } h1, .single h1.entry-title{ font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; } .header-menu-sidebar{ width: 360px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo img{ max-width: 120px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo{ padding:10px 0px 10px 0px; } .builder-item--logo{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--nav-icon .navbar-toggle{ padding:10px 15px 10px 15px; } .builder-item--nav-icon{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul > li:not(:last-of-type){ margin-right:20px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart):hover > a:after{ width: calc(100% + 20px); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul li a, .builder-item--primary-menu .neve-mm-heading span{ min-height: 25px; } .builder-item--primary-menu{ font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu svg{ width: 1em;height: 1em; } .builder-item--footer-one-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--footer-two-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } }@media(min-width: 960px){ .container{ max-width: 1170px; } #content .container .col, #content .container-fluid .col{ max-width: 70%; } .alignfull > [class*="__inner-container"], .alignwide > [class*="__inner-container"]{ max-width:789px } .container-fluid .alignfull > [class*="__inner-container"], .container-fluid .alignwide > [class*="__inner-container"]{ max-width:calc(70% + 15px) } .nv-sidebar-wrap, .nv-sidebar-wrap.shop-sidebar{ max-width: 30%; } h1, .single h1.entry-title{ font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; } .header-menu-sidebar{ width: 360px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo img{ max-width: 120px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo{ padding:10px 0px 10px 0px; } .builder-item--logo{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--nav-icon .navbar-toggle{ padding:10px 15px 10px 15px; } .builder-item--nav-icon{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul > li:not(:last-of-type){ margin-right:20px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart) > a:after{ left:-10px;right:-10px } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart):hover > a:after{ width: calc(100% + 20px); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul li a, .builder-item--primary-menu .neve-mm-heading span{ min-height: 25px; } .builder-item--primary-menu{ font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu svg{ width: 1em;height: 1em; } .builder-item--footer-one-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--footer-two-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } }:root{--nv-primary-accent:#21272d;--nv-secondary-accent:#3e8ff2;--nv-site-bg:#ffffff;--nv-light-bg:#ededed;--nv-dark-bg:#14171c;--nv-text-color:#393939;--nv-text-dark-bg:#ffffff;--nv-c-1:#77b978;--nv-c-2:#f37262;--nv-fallback-ff:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}</style><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/165" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.star-facts.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /><link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.star-facts.com/?p=165' /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star-facts.com%2Fdubhe%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star-facts.com%2Fdubhe%2F&format=xml" /> <script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-disable-ads-589b349'>var cls_disable_ads=function(e){"use strict";var t,i,o,a,n,r,s,d,l,c,p,u,_,h,m,S,v,f,O,y;window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2024-11-27",function(e){e.amznbid="amznbid",e.amzniid="amzniid",e.amznp="amznp",e.amznsz="amznsz"}(t||(t={})),function(e){e.ThirtyThreeAcross="33across",e.Adform="adform",e.Aidem="aidem",e.AidemServer="aidem_ss",e.AppNexus="appnexus",e.AmazonTAM="amazon",e.AmazonUAM="AmazonUAM",e.AmazonASR="AmazonASR",e.Colossus="colossus",e.ColossusServer="col_ss",e.Conversant="conversant",e.Concert="concert",e.Criteo="criteo",e.CriteoServer="crit_ss",e.GumGum="gumgum",e.ImproveDigital="improvedigital",e.ImproveDigitalServer="improve_ss",e.IndexExchange="ix",e.Kargo="kargo",e.KargoServer="krgo_ss",e.MediaGrid="grid",e.MediaGridVideo="gridvid",e.Nativo="nativo",e.OpenX="openx",e.Ogury="ogury",e.OpenXServer="opnx_ss",e.Ozone="ozone",e.Pubmatic="pubmatic",e.PubmaticServer="pubm_ss",e.ResetDigital="resetdigital",e.Rise="rise",e.Rtbhouse="rtbhouse",e.Rubicon="rubicon",e.RubiconServer="rubi_ss",e.RubiconServerISV="rubiv_ss",e.Seedtag="seedtag",e.Sharethrough="sharethrough",e.Teads="teads",e.Triplelift="triplelift",e.TripleliftServer="tripl_ss",e.TTD="ttd",e.Undertone="undertone",e.UndertoneServer="under_ss",e.Unruly="unruly",e.YahooSSP="yahoossp",e.YahooSSPServer="yah_ss",e.Verizon="verizon",e.Yieldmo="yieldmo",e.Flipp="flipp"}(i||(i={})),function(e){e.Prebid="prebid",e.GAM="gam",e.Amazon="amazon",e.Marmalade="marmalade",e.Floors="floors",e.CMP="cmp",e.Optable="optable",e.OptimalBidder="optimalBidder"}(o||(o={})),function(e){e.cm="cm",e.fbrap="fbrap",e.rapml="rapml"}(a||(a={})),function(e){e.lazy="lazy",e.raptive="raptive",e.refresh="refresh",e.session="session",e.crossDomain="crossdomain",e.highSequence="highsequence",e.lazyBidPool="lazyBidPool"}(n||(n={})),function(e){e.lazy="l",e.raptive="rapml",e.refresh="r",e.session="s",e.crossdomain="c",e.highsequence="hs",e.lazyBidPool="lbp"}(r||(r={})),function(e){e.Version="Version",e.SharingNotice="SharingNotice",e.SaleOptOutNotice="SaleOptOutNotice",e.SharingOptOutNotice="SharingOptOutNotice",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice="TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice="SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice="SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice",e.SaleOptOut="SaleOptOut",e.SharingOptOut="SharingOptOut",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOut="TargetedAdvertisingOptOut",e.SensitiveDataProcessing="SensitiveDataProcessing",e.KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents="KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents",e.PersonalDataConsents="PersonalDataConsents",e.MspaCoveredTransaction="MspaCoveredTransaction",e.MspaOptOutOptionMode="MspaOptOutOptionMode",e.MspaServiceProviderMode="MspaServiceProviderMode",e.SubSectionType="SubsectionType",e.Gpc="Gpc"}(s||(s={})),function(e){e[e.NA=0]="NA",e[e.OptedOut=1]="OptedOut",e[e.OptedIn=2]="OptedIn"}(d||(d={})),function(e){e.AdDensity="addensity",e.AdLayout="adlayout",e.FooterCloseButton="footerclose",e.Interstitial="interstitial",e.RemoveVideoTitleWrapper="removevideotitlewrapper",e.StickyOutstream="stickyoutstream",e.StickyOutstreamOnStickyPlayer="sospp",e.VideoAdvancePlaylistRelatedPlayer="videoadvanceplaylistrp",e.MobileStickyPlayerPosition="mspp"}(l||(l={})),function(e){e.Below_Post_1="Below_Post_1",e.Below_Post="Below_Post",e.Content="Content",e.Content_1="Content_1",e.Content_2="Content_2",e.Content_3="Content_3",e.Content_4="Content_4",e.Content_5="Content_5",e.Content_6="Content_6",e.Content_7="Content_7",e.Content_8="Content_8",e.Content_9="Content_9",e.Recipe="Recipe",e.Recipe_1="Recipe_1",e.Recipe_2="Recipe_2",e.Recipe_3="Recipe_3",e.Recipe_4="Recipe_4",e.Recipe_5="Recipe_5",e.Native_Recipe="Native_Recipe",e.Footer_1="Footer_1",e.Footer="Footer",e.Header_1="Header_1",e.Header_2="Header_2",e.Header="Header",e.Sidebar_1="Sidebar_1",e.Sidebar_2="Sidebar_2",e.Sidebar_3="Sidebar_3",e.Sidebar_4="Sidebar_4",e.Sidebar_5="Sidebar_5",e.Sidebar_9="Sidebar_9",e.Sidebar="Sidebar",e.Interstitial_1="Interstitial_1",e.Interstitial="Interstitial",e.Video_StickyOutstream_1="Video_StickyOutstream_1",e.Video_StickyOutstream="Video_StickyOutstream",e.Video_StickyInstream="Video_StickyInstream",e.Sponsor_Tile="Sponsor_Tile"}(c||(c={})),function(e){e.Desktop="desktop",e.Mobile="mobile"}(p||(p={})),function(e){e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn",e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s"}(u||(u={})),function(e){e.vpaidAdPlayError="vpaidAdPlayError",e.adError="adError",e.adLoaded="adLoaded"}(_||(_={})),function(e){e.Float="adthrive-collapse-float",e.Sticky="adthrive-collapse-sticky",e.Mobile="adthrive-collapse-mobile"}(h||(h={})),function(e){e.Small="adthrive-collapse-small",e.Medium="adthrive-collapse-medium"}(m||(m={})),function(e){e.BottomRight="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"}(S||(S={})),function(e){e[e.Unstarted=0]="Unstarted",e[e.UncollapsedPlay=1]="UncollapsedPlay",e[e.CollapsedPlay=2]="CollapsedPlay",e[e.UserPauseUncollapsed=3]="UserPauseUncollapsed",e[e.UserPauseCollapsed=4]="UserPauseCollapsed",e[e.PausedNotVisible=5]="PausedNotVisible",e[e.Overlapped=6]="Overlapped",e[e.Closed=7]="Closed",e[e.NonLinearAdPlay=8]="NonLinearAdPlay",e[e.NonLinearAdPaused=9]="NonLinearAdPaused",e[e.NonLinearAdOverlapped=10]="NonLinearAdOverlapped",e[e.UserUnPaused=11]="UserUnPaused"}(v||(v={})),function(e){e[e.Play=0]="Play",e[e.UserClick=1]="UserClick",e[e.PageSwitch=2]="PageSwitch",e[e.OutOfView=3]="OutOfView",e[e.InView=4]="InView",e[e.Close=5]="Close",e[e.Overlapping=6]="Overlapping",e[e.OtherVideoPlaying=7]="OtherVideoPlaying"}(f||(f={})),function(e){e.None="none"}(O||(O={})),function(e){e.Default="default",e.AZ_Animals="5daf495ed42c8605cfc74b0b",e.Natashas_Kitchen="55bccc97303edab84afd77e2",e.RecipeTin_Eats="55cb7e3b4bc841bd0c4ea577",e.Sallys_Baking_Recipes="566aefa94856897050ee7303",e.Spend_With_Pennies="541917f5a90318f9194874cf"}(y||(y={}));const C=new class{info(e,t,...i){this.call(console.info,e,t,...i)}warn(e,t,...i){this.call(console.warn,e,t,...i)}error(e,t,...i){this.call(console.error,e,t,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i)}event(e,t,...i){var o;"debug"===(null==(o=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:o.bucket)&&this.info(e,t)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(e,t,i)}))}call(e,t,i,...o){const a=[`%c${t}::${i} `],n=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];o.length>0&&"string"==typeof o[0]&&a.push(o.shift()),n.push(...o);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(e,console,[a.join(""),...n])}catch(e){return void console.error(e)}}},P=e=>{const t=window.location.href;return e.some((e=>new RegExp(e,"i").test(t)))};window.adthrive.windowPerformance=window.adthrive.windowPerformance||new class{resetTimeOrigin(){this._timeOrigin=window.performance.now()}now(){try{return Math.round(window.performance.now()-this._timeOrigin)}catch(e){return 0}}constructor(){this._timeOrigin=0}};const g=window.adthrive.windowPerformance;g.now.bind(g);class w{checkCommandQueue(){this.adthrive&&this.adthrive.cmd&&this.adthrive.cmd.forEach((e=>{const t=e.toString(),i=this.extractAPICall(t,"disableAds");i&&this.disableAllAds(this.extractPatterns(i));const o=this.extractAPICall(t,"disableContentAds");o&&this.disableContentAds(this.extractPatterns(o));const a=this.extractAPICall(t,"disablePlaylistPlayers");a&&this.disablePlaylistPlayers(this.extractPatterns(a))}))}extractPatterns(e){const t=e.match(/["'](.*?)['"]/g);if(null!==t)return t.map((e=>e.replace(/["']/g,"")))}extractAPICall(e,t){const i=new RegExp(t+"\$(.*?)\$","g"),o=e.match(i);return null!==o&&o[0]}disableAllAds(e){e&&!P(e)||(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_page"))}disableContentAds(e){e&&!P(e)||(this.content=!0,this.recipe=!0,this.locations.add(c.Content),this.locations.add(c.Recipe),this.reasons.add("content_plugin"))}disablePlaylistPlayers(e){e&&!P(e)||(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_page"))}urlHasEmail(e){if(!e)return!1;return null!==/([A-Z0-9._%+-]+(@|%(25)*40)[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,})/i.exec(e)}constructor(e){this.adthrive=e,this.all=!1,this.content=!1,this.recipe=!1,this.video=!1,this.locations=new Set,this.reasons=new Set,(this.urlHasEmail(window.location.href)||this.urlHasEmail(window.document.referrer))&&(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_email"));try{this.checkCommandQueue(),null!==document.querySelector(".tag-novideo")&&(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_tag"))}catch(e){C.error("ClsDisableAds","checkCommandQueue",e)}}}const b=window.adthriveCLS;return b&&(b.disableAds=new w(window.adthrive)),e.ClsDisableAds=w,e}({});</script><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript></head><body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-165 single-format-standard nv-sidebar-right menu_sidebar_slide_left" id="neve_body" ><div class="wrapper"><header class="header" > <a class="neve-skip-link show-on-focus" href="#content" > Skip to content </a><div id="header-grid" class="hfg_header site-header"><nav class="header--row header-main hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained nv-navbar header--row" data-row-id="main" data-show-on="desktop"><div class="header--row-inner header-main-inner"><div class="container"><div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_main" ><div class="builder-item hfg-item-last hfg-item-first col-12 desktop-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--logo" data-section="title_tagline" data-item-id="logo"><div class="site-logo"> <a class="brand" href="https://www.star-facts.com/" title="Star Facts" aria-label="Star Facts"><div class="nv-title-tagline-wrap"><p class="site-title">Star Facts</p><small>Stars: A guide to the night sky</small></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav><div class="header--row header-bottom hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained header--row" data-row-id="bottom" data-show-on="desktop"><div class="header--row-inner header-bottom-inner"><div class="container"><div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_bottom" ><div class="builder-item has-nav hfg-item-last hfg-item-first col-12 desktop-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--primary-menu has_menu" data-section="header_menu_primary" data-item-id="primary-menu"><div class="nv-nav-wrap"><div role="navigation" class="nav-menu-primary" aria-label="Primary Menu"><ul id="nv-primary-navigation-bottom" class="primary-menu-ul nav-ul menu-"><li id="menu-item-1978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-1978"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-1980" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1980"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/star-names/">Star Names</a></li><li id="menu-item-1979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1979"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/brightest-stars/">Brightest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-5404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5404"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nearest-stars/">Nearest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-6956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6956"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/largest-stars/">Largest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-5253" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5253"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/types-of-stars/">Types of Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-5535" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5535"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/life-cycle-of-a-star/">Life Cycle of a Star</a></li><li id="menu-item-4817" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4817"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/list-of-stars/">List of Stars</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><nav class="header--row header-main hide-on-desktop layout-full-contained nv-navbar header--row" data-row-id="main" data-show-on="mobile"><div class="header--row-inner header-main-inner"><div class="container"><div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_main" ><div class="builder-item hfg-item-first col-8 mobile-center tablet-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--logo" data-section="title_tagline" data-item-id="logo"><div class="site-logo"> <a class="brand" href="https://www.star-facts.com/" title="Star Facts" aria-label="Star Facts"><div class="nv-title-tagline-wrap"><p class="site-title">Star Facts</p><small>Stars: A guide to the night sky</small></div></a></div></div></div><div class="builder-item hfg-item-last col-4 tablet-right mobile-right"><div class="item--inner builder-item--nav-icon" data-section="header_menu_icon" data-item-id="nav-icon"><div class="menu-mobile-toggle item-button navbar-toggle-wrapper"> <button type="button" class=" navbar-toggle" value="Navigation Menu" aria-label="Navigation Menu "> <span class="bars"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Navigation Menu</span> </button></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav><div id="header-menu-sidebar" class="header-menu-sidebar menu-sidebar-panel slide_left hfg-pe" data-row-id="sidebar"><div id="header-menu-sidebar-bg" class="header-menu-sidebar-bg"><div class="close-sidebar-panel navbar-toggle-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="hamburger is-active navbar-toggle active" value="Navigation Menu" aria-label="Navigation Menu "> <span class="bars"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </span> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Navigation Menu </span> </button></div><div id="header-menu-sidebar-inner" class="header-menu-sidebar-inner "><div class="builder-item has-nav hfg-item-last hfg-item-first col-12 mobile-left tablet-left desktop-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--primary-menu has_menu" data-section="header_menu_primary" data-item-id="primary-menu"><div class="nv-nav-wrap"><div role="navigation" class="nav-menu-primary" aria-label="Primary Menu"><ul id="nv-primary-navigation-sidebar" class="primary-menu-ul nav-ul menu-"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-1978"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/">Home</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1980"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/star-names/">Star Names</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1979"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/brightest-stars/">Brightest Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5404"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nearest-stars/">Nearest Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6956"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/largest-stars/">Largest Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5253"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/types-of-stars/">Types of Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5535"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/life-cycle-of-a-star/">Life Cycle of a Star</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4817"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/list-of-stars/">List of Stars</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="header-menu-sidebar-overlay hfg-ov hfg-pe"></div></div></header><main id="content" class="neve-main"><div class="container single-post-container"><div class="row"><article id="post-165" class="nv-single-post-wrap col post-165 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-giant-stars category-navigational-stars category-spectroscopic-binary-stars category-ursa-major-stars tag-alioth tag-alkaid tag-alnair tag-alnitak tag-alpha-persei tag-alpha-ursae-majoris tag-big-dipper tag-bodes-galaxy tag-cigar-galaxy tag-dubhe tag-epsilon-ursae-majoris tag-eta-ursae-majoris tag-kaus-australis tag-megrez tag-merak tag-messier-106 tag-messier-51 tag-messier-81 tag-messier-82 tag-mirfak tag-mizar tag-north-star tag-phecda tag-pointer-stars tag-polaris tag-regor tag-regulus tag-the-sickle-of-leo tag-ursa-major-moving-group tag-wezen tag-whirlpool-galaxy"><div class="entry-header" ><div class="nv-title-meta-wrap"><h1 class="title entry-title">Dubhe</h1><ul class="nv-meta-list"><li class="meta author vcard "><span class="author-name fn">by <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/author/admin/" title="Posts by admin" rel="author">admin</a></span></li><li class="meta date posted-on "><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-09-10T02:15:39+00:00" content="2019-09-10">2019-09-10</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-04-24T00:12:04+00:00">2024-04-24</time></li></ul></div></div><div class="nv-content-wrap entry-content"><p>Dubhe, Alpha Ursae Majoris (α UMa) is a spectroscopic binary star with an apparent magnitude of 1.79, located at an approximate distance of 123 light years from Earth. It is one of the seven bright stars that form the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a>. Dubhe and its Big Dipper neighbour <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/">Merak</a> are known as the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/pointer-stars/">Pointer Stars</a> because they are used to find <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/polaris/">Polaris</a>, the North Star.</p><p>Dubhe is the second brightest star in the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">constellation Ursa Major</a> and the 33rd brightest star in the sky. It shares the 33rd place with <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mirfak/">Mirfak</a>, Alpha Persei, the brightest star in the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/perseus-constellation/">constellation Perseus</a>. The two stars are only slightly fainter than <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alioth/">Alioth</a> in Ursa Major, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnitak/">Alnitak</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnair/">Alnair</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/grus-constellation/">Grus</a>, and they just outshine <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/regor/">Regor</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vela-constellation/">Vela</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wezen/">Wezen</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/kaus-australis/">Kaus Australis</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius constellation</a>.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Star system</h2><p>Dubhe is a spectroscopic binary star system consisting of Alpha Ursae Majoris A and Alpha Ursae Majoris B. The primary star, Alpha UMa A, is an orange giant of the spectral type K0III and the companion, Alpha UMa B, is a white hydrogen-fusing dwarf with the stellar classification F0V. Alpha UMa B has an estimated mass of 1.6 solar masses. It completes an orbit around Alpha UMa A every 44.4 years at an average separation of 23 astronomical units. The primary star has 4.25 solar masses and, with a temperature of 4,660 K, it shines with 316 solar luminosities.</p><div id="attachment_4115" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4115" class="wp-image-4115" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20500%20375'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="dubhe star,alpha ursae majoris" width="500" height="375" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe.webp" /><noscript><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4115" class="wp-image-4115" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe.webp" alt="dubhe star,alpha ursae majoris" width="500" height="375" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-4115" class="wp-caption-text">Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris), image: Wikisky</p></div><p>There is another class F star with a spectroscopic companion at a separation of about 8 arcminutes from Alpha UMa A and B. The 7th magnitude system is sometimes called Alpha Ursae Majoris C, but it is in fact considerably more distant from us than Alpha UMa A and B, and catalogued separately as HD 95638. The system has the spectral classification F8 and an orbital period of about 6 days.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Facts</h2><p>Dubhe is the coolest (4,660 K) and most distant of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper stars</a>. It lies at a distance of 123 light years, while most other stars are about 80 light years distant. It is the second most luminous of the seven stars. Only <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alkaid/">Alkaid</a>, Eta Ursae Majoris, has a greater energy output.</p><p>Dubhe is a suspected variable star. Its brightness has been reported to change by a thousandth of a magnitude.</p><p>Five Dipper stars – <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mizar/">Mizar</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alioth/">Alioth</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/">Merak</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/phecda/">Phecda</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/megrez/">Megrez</a> – are all class A stars with an estimated age of around 300 million years. They belong to the Ursa Major Moving Group, a group of stars that were formed in the same molecular cloud and share common velocities and motion through space. Dubhe and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alkaid/">Alkaid</a>, the easternmost star of the Big Dipper, do not share a common origin with the other stars nor do they have the same proper motion. As a result, the Big Dipper asterism will not stay the same over time and it will eventually dissipate.</p><div id="attachment_182" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-182" class="wp-image-182" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20640%20286'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="640" height="286" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names.jpg 1279w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names-300x134.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names-768x343.jpg 768w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names-1024x457.jpg 1024w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-182" class="wp-image-182" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="286" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names.jpg 1279w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names-300x134.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names-768x343.jpg 768w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Big-Dipper-star-names-1024x457.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></noscript></a><p id="caption-attachment-182" class="wp-caption-text">Big Dipper stars, image: Wikisky</p></div><p>Dubhe is one of the three <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major</a> stars selected for navigation. The other two are <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alioth/">Alioth</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alkaid/">Alkaid</a>. Navigational stars have a special role in the field of celestial navigation and were selected both because they are bright and because they are easy to recognize.</p><p>In spite of not being the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Major, Dubhe has the Bayer designation Alpha Ursae Majoris. This is because German uranographer Johann Bayer assigned Greek letters to the constellation’s bright stars going from west to east, and Dubhe is the westernmost of Ursa Major’s brightest stars.<a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/"> Merak</a>, the other Pointer Star, has the designation Beta despite being only the 5th brightest star in the constellation, while <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alioth/">Alioth</a>, the constellation’s brightest star, has the designation Epsilon Ursae Majoris because it is located further to the east. It is the star in the tail of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Great Bear</a> closest to its body, or the star in the handle of the Big Dipper closest to the bowl. With a visual magnitude of 1.77, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alioth/">Alioth</a> is only slightly brighter than Dubhe (mag. 1.79).</p><p>In the ancient Arabic-speaking world, the stars of the Big Dipper represented a funeral procession. The stars that form the Dipper’s handle – <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alkaid/">Alkaid</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mizar/">Mizar</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alioth/">Alioth</a> – represented mourners, while the stars of the Dipper’s bowl – <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/megrez/">Megrez</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/phecda/">Phecda</a>, Dubhe and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/">Merak</a> – represented the coffin. Their slow motion around <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/polaris/">Polaris</a> and the north celestial pole was associated with the slow movement of a funeral procession.</p><p>Dubhe became the official star of the State of Utah in 1996. It was selected as the official state star in Utah’s Centennial year because its light takes about 100 years to reach Earth.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Pointer Stars</h2><p>Dubhe and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/">Merak</a> are known as the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/pointer-stars/">Pointer Stars</a> (or simply the Pointers) because they point the way to <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/polaris/">Polaris</a> and are commonly used to find true north. An imaginary line drawn from <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/">Merak</a> through Dubhe and extended by about five times the distance between the two stars leads directly to the <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/polaris/">North Star</a>. Polaris is the brightest star along this imaginary line.</p><div id="attachment_143" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-143" class="wp-image-143" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20640%20432'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="polaris location,find polaris" width="640" height="432" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble.jpg 1280w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble-300x203.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble-768x518.jpg 768w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble-1024x691.jpg 1024w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-143" class="wp-image-143" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble.jpg" alt="polaris location,find polaris" width="640" height="432" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble.jpg 1280w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble-300x203.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble-768x518.jpg 768w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Hubble-1024x691.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></noscript></a><p id="caption-attachment-143" class="wp-caption-text">Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris) as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope, image: NASA/HST</p></div><p>In the other direction, Dubhe and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/">Merak</a> point toward <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/regulus/">Regulus</a>, the brightest star in the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-constellation/">constellation Leo</a> and the 21st brightest star in the sky. <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/regulus/">Regulus</a> is easy to identify because it sits at the base of an <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/">asterism</a> known as the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-sickle/">Sickle</a>, which appears as a backward question mark and outlines the head of the celestial lion.</p><div id="attachment_185" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe-Merak-and-Regulus.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-185" class="wp-image-185" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20590%20417'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="590" height="417" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe-Merak-and-Regulus.jpg 662w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe-Merak-and-Regulus-300x212.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe-Merak-and-Regulus.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-185" class="wp-image-185" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe-Merak-and-Regulus.jpg" alt="" width="590" height="417" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe-Merak-and-Regulus.jpg 662w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dubhe-Merak-and-Regulus-300x212.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px" /></noscript></a><p id="caption-attachment-185" class="wp-caption-text">Dubhe, Merak and Regulus, image: Wikisky</p></div><h2 style="text-align: center;">Name</h2><p>The name Dubhe (pronunciation /ˈdʌbiː/) comes from the Arabic word <em>dubb</em>, meaning “bear.” It was taken from the phrase <em>żahr ad-dubb al-akbar</em>, which means “the back of the Greater Bear” and indicates Dubhe’s position in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major</a>. The name was officially approved for Alpha Ursae Majoris A by the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) on June 30, 2016.</p><p>The star’s other traditional name, Ak, means “the eye,” but it has not been as commonly used.</p><p>The Chinese know Dubhe as the First Star of Northern Dipper (北斗一). The name refers to the Chinese Northern Dipper asterism, which is equivalent to the Big Dipper. The star’s other Chinese name is <em>Tiān Shū</em>, the Star of Celestial Pivot (天樞).</p><p>In Hindu mythology, Dubhe is associated with Kratu, one of the Saptarishi (Seven Sages). Kratu was a Prajapati (Vedic deity) and the son of Lord Brahma.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Location</h2><p>Dubhe is very easy to find because it is part of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a>. It is the westernmost star in the asterism, marking the lip of the Big Dipper’s bowl.</p><p>Dubhe can be used to find a pair of famous galaxies in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major</a>. Messier 81, also known as <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">Bode’s Galaxy</a>, lies some 10 degrees northwest of the star. It can be found by extending an imaginary line from <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/phecda/">Phecda</a> through Dubhe by about the same distance as that between the two stars. The <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">Cigar Galaxy</a> (Messier 82) lies in the same field of view, only 38 arcminutes from M81.</p><div id="attachment_189" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-189" class="wp-image-189" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20640%20326'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="640" height="326" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82.jpg 1117w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82-300x153.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82-768x391.jpg 768w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82-1024x522.jpg 1024w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-189" class="wp-image-189" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="326" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82.jpg 1117w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82-300x153.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82-768x391.jpg 768w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Phecda-Dubhe-M81-and-M82-1024x522.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></noscript></a><p id="caption-attachment-189" class="wp-caption-text">Phecda, Dubhe, M81 and M82, image: Wikisky</p></div><p>Going in the opposite direction, the spiral galaxy <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-106/">Messier 106</a> in the constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canes-venatici-constellation/">Canes Venatici</a> can be located by extending a line from Dubhe though <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/phecda/">Phecda</a>, while a line from Dubhe through <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/megrez/">Megrez</a> leads directly to the famous <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-51-whirlpool-galaxy/">Whirlpool Galaxy</a> (Messier 51), also located in Canes Venatici.</p><div id="attachment_187" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-187" class="wp-image-187" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20640%20357'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="640" height="357" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106.jpg 994w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106-300x167.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106-768x428.jpg 768w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-187" class="wp-image-187" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="357" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106.jpg 994w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106-300x167.jpg 300w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Megrez-Dubhe-M51-and-M106-768x428.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></noscript></a><p id="caption-attachment-187" class="wp-caption-text">Megrez, Dubhe, M51 and M106, image: Wikisky</p></div><p>Dubhe and other stars of the Big Dipper are circumpolar, i.e. they never set, to most northern observers and can be seen at any time of year. The Big Dipper is particularly prominent in the northern hemisphere in the months of spring, when it dominates the evening sky.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Constellation</h2><p>Dubhe is located in the constellation Ursa Major, the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Great Bear</a>. Best known for the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a> asterism, Ursa Major is the largest northern constellation and the third largest of all <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/">88 constellations</a>, after <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydra-constellation/">Hydra</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/virgo-constellation/">Virgo</a>. It contains a great number of interesting deep sky objects. In addition to <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">M81</a> and <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">M82</a>, it is home to the planetary nebula Messier 97, also known as the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-97-owl-nebula/">Owl Nebula</a>, the famous <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-101-pinwheel-galaxy/">Pinwheel Galaxy</a> (Messier 101), and the barred spiral galaxies <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-108-surfboard-galaxy/">Messier 108</a> and <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-109/">Messier 109</a>.</p><div id="attachment_4407" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4407" class="wp-image-4407" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20500%20419'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Ursa Major constellation,ursa major,ursa major stars,ursa major star map" width="500" height="419" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ursa-Major-constellation-map.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4407" class="wp-image-4407" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ursa-Major-constellation-map.webp" alt="Ursa Major constellation,ursa major,ursa major stars,ursa major star map" width="500" height="419" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-4407" class="wp-caption-text">Ursa Major constellation map by IAU and Sky&Telescope magazine</p></div><p>The 10 brightest stars in Ursa Major are <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alioth/">Alioth</a> (Epsilon UMa, mag. 1.77), Dubhe (Alpha UMa, mag. 1.79), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alkaid/">Alkaid</a> (Eta UMa, mag. 1.86), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mizar/">Mizar</a> (Zeta UMa, mag. 2.04), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/merak/">Merak</a> (Beta UMa, mag. 2.37), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/phecda/">Phecda</a> (Gamma UMa, 2.438), Psi Ursae Majoris (mag. 3.01), Tania Australis (Mu UMa, mag. 3.06), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/talitha-iota-ursae-majoris/">Talitha</a> (Iota UMa, mag. 3.14), and Theta Ursae Majoris (mag. 3.166).</p><p><strong><u>Dubhe – Alpha Ursae Majoris</u></strong></p><table><tbody><tr><td width="310">Spectral class</td><td width="310">K0III + F0V</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Variable type</td><td width="310">suspected</td></tr><tr><td width="310">U-B colour index</td><td width="310">+0.93</td></tr><tr><td width="310">B-V colour index</td><td width="310">+1.07</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Apparent magnitude</td><td width="310">1.79</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Absolute magnitude</td><td width="310">–1.10 ± 0.04</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Distance</td><td width="310">123 ± 2 light years (37.7 ± 0.7 parsecs)</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Parallax</td><td width="310">26.54 ± 0.48 mas</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Radial velocity</td><td width="310">-9 km/s</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Proper motion</td><td width="310">RA: -134.11 mas/yr</td></tr><tr><td width="310"></td><td width="310">Dec.: -34.70 mas/yr</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Mass (α UMa A, α UMa B)</td><td width="310">4.25 M<sub>☉</sub>, 1.6 M<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Luminosity (α UMa A)</td><td width="310">316 L<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Radius</td><td width="310">30 R<sub>☉ </sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Temperature (α UMa A)</td><td width="310">4,660 K</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Rotational velocity (α UMa A)</td><td width="310">2.6 ± 1.0 km/s</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Surface gravity</td><td width="310">2.46 cgs</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Constellation</td><td width="310"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major</a></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Right ascension</td><td width="310">11<sup>h</sup> 03<sup>m</sup> 43.67152<sup>s</sup></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Declination</td><td width="310">+61° 45′ 03.7249”</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Designations</td><td width="310">Dubhe, Alpha Ursae Majoris, α UMa, 50 Ursae Majoris, HD 95689, GC 15185, HR 4301, FK5 417, HIP 54061, SAO 15384, BD+62°1161, PPM 17705, WDS J11037+6145AB, CCDM J11037+6145AB, GCRV 6819, IRAS 11006+6201, 2MASS J11034364+6145034, TYC 4146-1274-1 (α UMa A), TYC 4146-1274-2 (α UMa B)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="nv-tags-list"><span>Tags:</span><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alioth/ title="Alioth" class=alioth rel="tag">Alioth</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alkaid/ title="Alkaid" class=alkaid rel="tag">Alkaid</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alnair/ title="Alnair" class=alnair rel="tag">Alnair</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alnitak/ title="Alnitak" class=alnitak rel="tag">Alnitak</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alpha-persei/ title="Alpha Persei" class=alpha-persei rel="tag">Alpha Persei</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alpha-ursae-majoris/ title="Alpha Ursae Majoris" class=alpha-ursae-majoris rel="tag">Alpha Ursae Majoris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/big-dipper/ title="Big Dipper" class=big-dipper rel="tag">Big Dipper</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/bodes-galaxy/ title="Bode's Galaxy" class=bodes-galaxy rel="tag">Bode's Galaxy</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/cigar-galaxy/ title="Cigar Galaxy" class=cigar-galaxy rel="tag">Cigar Galaxy</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/dubhe/ title="Dubhe" class=dubhe rel="tag">Dubhe</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/epsilon-ursae-majoris/ title="Epsilon Ursae Majoris" class=epsilon-ursae-majoris rel="tag">Epsilon Ursae Majoris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/eta-ursae-majoris/ title="Eta Ursae Majoris" class=eta-ursae-majoris rel="tag">Eta Ursae Majoris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/kaus-australis/ title="Kaus Australis" class=kaus-australis rel="tag">Kaus Australis</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/megrez/ title="Megrez" class=megrez rel="tag">Megrez</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/merak/ title="Merak" class=merak rel="tag">Merak</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/messier-106/ title="Messier 106" class=messier-106 rel="tag">Messier 106</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/messier-51/ title="Messier 51" class=messier-51 rel="tag">Messier 51</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/messier-81/ title="Messier 81" class=messier-81 rel="tag">Messier 81</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/messier-82/ title="Messier 82" class=messier-82 rel="tag">Messier 82</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/mirfak/ title="Mirfak" class=mirfak rel="tag">Mirfak</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/mizar/ title="Mizar" class=mizar rel="tag">Mizar</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/north-star/ title="North Star" class=north-star rel="tag">North Star</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/phecda/ title="Phecda" class=phecda rel="tag">Phecda</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/pointer-stars/ title="Pointer Stars" class=pointer-stars rel="tag">Pointer Stars</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/polaris/ title="Polaris" class=polaris rel="tag">Polaris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/regor/ title="Regor" class=regor rel="tag">Regor</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/regulus/ title="Regulus" class=regulus rel="tag">Regulus</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/the-sickle-of-leo/ title="The Sickle of Leo" class=the-sickle-of-leo rel="tag">The Sickle of Leo</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/ursa-major-moving-group/ title="Ursa Major Moving Group" class=ursa-major-moving-group rel="tag">Ursa Major Moving Group</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/wezen/ title="Wezen" class=wezen rel="tag">Wezen</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/whirlpool-galaxy/ title="Whirlpool Galaxy" class=whirlpool-galaxy rel="tag">Whirlpool Galaxy</a></div><div id="comments" class="comments-area"></div></article><div class="nv-sidebar-wrap col-sm-12 nv-right blog-sidebar " ><aside id="secondary" role="complementary"><style type="text/css">.widget_search .search-form .search-submit, .widget_search .search-form .search-field { height: auto; }</style><div id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.star-facts.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for...</span> </label> <input type="search" class="search-field" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search for..." value="" name="s"/> <button type="submit" class="search-submit nv-submit" aria-label="Search"> <span class="nv-search-icon-wrap"> <span class="nv-icon nv-search" > <svg width="15" height="15" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1216 832q0-185-131.5-316.5t-316.5-131.5-316.5 131.5-131.5 316.5 131.5 316.5 316.5 131.5 316.5-131.5 131.5-316.5zm512 832q0 52-38 90t-90 38q-54 0-90-38l-343-342q-179 124-399 124-143 0-273.5-55.5t-225-150-150-225-55.5-273.5 55.5-273.5 150-225 225-150 273.5-55.5 273.5 55.5 225 150 150 225 55.5 273.5q0 220-124 399l343 343q37 37 37 90z"/></svg> </span></span> </button></form></div><div id="nav_menu-3" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><p class="widget-title">Astronomy</p><div class="menu-astronomy-container"><ul id="menu-astronomy" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4839" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4839"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/brightest-stars/">Brightest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-4840" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4840"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/star-names/">Star Names</a></li><li id="menu-item-6071" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6071"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/stars-in-the-sky-tonight/">Stars in the Sky Tonight</a></li><li id="menu-item-4833" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4833"><a href="https://phys.org/journals/astronomical-journal/">Astronomical Journal</a></li><li id="menu-item-4834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4834"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/">Constellation Guide</a></li><li id="menu-item-4838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4838"><a href="https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/exoplanet-catalog/">Exoplanet Catalog</a></li><li id="menu-item-4837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4837"><a href="https://hubblesite.org/">Hubblesite.org</a></li><li id="menu-item-4836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4836"><a href="http://www.wikisky.org/">Wikisky</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><p class="widget-title">Categories</p><form action="https://www.star-facts.com" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'><option value='-1'>Select Category</option><option class="level-0" value="883">Algol Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="121">Alpha Cygni Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="332">Alpha-2 Canum Venaticorum Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="739">Andromeda Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1748">Aquarius Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="158">Aquila Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="889">Aries Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="856">Auriga Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="419">Be Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="79">Beta Cephei Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1851">Beta Lyrae Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="472">Binary Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="117">Blue Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="156">Blue-White Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="573">Boötes Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="119">Bright Giants</option><option class="level-0" value="186">Brightest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2026">Brown Dwarfs</option><option class="level-0" value="507">BY Draconis Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1771">Canes Venatici Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="262">Canis Major Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="471">Canis Minor Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1899">Capricornus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1830">Carbon Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1157">Carina Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1376">Cassiopeia Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1336">Centaurus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="297">Cepheid Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="737">Cepheus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1067">Cetus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1972">Columba Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1198">Corona Borealis Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1610">Corvus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1658">Crater Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="588">Crux Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="157">Cygnus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="159">Delta Scuti Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="738">Dorado Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="959">Draco Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="120">Eclipsing Binary Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2025">Equuleus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="418">Eridanus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1446">Flare Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="848">Gamma Cassiopeiae Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1646">Gamma Doradus Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="492">Gemini Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="331">Giant Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="677">Grus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1808">Hercules Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="944">Hydra Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2022">Indus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="909">Lambda Boötis Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="421">Lambda Eridani Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="49">Largest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1983">Leo Minor</option><option class="level-0" value="630">Leo Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1948">Lepus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1467">Libra Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1466">Lucidae</option><option class="level-0" value="1797">Luminous Blue Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1975">Luminous Red Novae</option><option class="level-0" value="1997">Lupus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="155">Lyra Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2">Main Sequence Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2001">Microscopium Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1132">Mira Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1974">Monoceros Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1868">Most Distant Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1857">Most Luminous Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1856">Most Massive Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="78">Multiple Star Systems</option><option class="level-0" value="444">Navigational Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="261">Nearest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="160">North Pole Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1877">Octans Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1607">Oldest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1254">Ophiuchus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="969">Orange Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="118">Orion Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1959">Orion Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1271">Pavo Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="960">Pegasus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="678">Perseus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1528">Phoenix Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1938">Pisces Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="554">Piscis Austrinus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1255">Puppis Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2012">Recurrent Novae</option><option class="level-0" value="45">Red Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="1578">Reticulum Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="633">Rotating Ellipsoidal Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="857">RS Canum Venaticorum Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1922">Sagitta Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="3">Sagittarius Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="77">Scorpius Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="46">Scutum Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="48">Semiregular Variable Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1200">Serpens Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="663">Slow Irregular Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1878">South Pole Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="376">Spectroscopic Binary Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="496">Stars with Planets</option><option class="level-0" value="76">Subgiant Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="47">Supernova Candidates</option><option class="level-0" value="2038">Symbiotic Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="631">Taurus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1199">Triangulum Australe Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2043">Tucana Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized</option><option class="level-0" value="330">Ursa Major Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="263">Ursa Minor Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1447">UV Ceti Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1268">Vela Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="629">Virgo Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1357">Vulpecula Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="264">White Dwarfs</option><option class="level-0" value="1862">White Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="1682">Wolf-Rayet Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1906">Yellow Hypergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="298">Yellow Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="2041">Z Andromedae Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="2015">ZZ Ceti Variables</option> </select></form><script type="text/javascript">(function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })();</script> </div><div id="nav_menu-4" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><p class="widget-title">Popular Articles</p><div class="menu-popular-articles-container"><ul id="menu-popular-articles" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4827" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4827"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/proxima-centauri/">Proxima Centauri</a></li><li id="menu-item-4826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4826"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/polaris/">Polaris</a></li><li id="menu-item-4820" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4820"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/algol/">Algol</a></li><li id="menu-item-4829" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4829"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/uy-scuti/">UY Scuti</a></li><li id="menu-item-4828" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4828"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/stephenson-2-18/">Stephenson 2-18</a></li><li id="menu-item-4831" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4831"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wolf-359/">Wolf 359</a></li><li id="menu-item-4830" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4830"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vv-cephei/">VV Cephei</a></li><li id="menu-item-4818" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4818"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alcor/">Alcor</a></li><li id="menu-item-4823" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4823"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/methuselah-star/">Methuselah Star</a></li><li id="menu-item-4819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4819"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alcyone/">Alcyone</a></li><li id="menu-item-4825" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4825"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mira/">Mira</a></li><li id="menu-item-4832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4832"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/zeta-reticuli/">Zeta Reticuli</a></li><li id="menu-item-4821" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4821"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnilam/">Alnilam</a></li><li id="menu-item-4822" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4822"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnitak/">Alnitak</a></li><li id="menu-item-4824" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4824"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mintaka/">Mintaka</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="nav_menu-2" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><p class="widget-title">Brightest Stars</p><div class="menu-brightest-stars-container"><ul id="menu-brightest-stars" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4812"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/sirius/">Sirius</a></li><li id="menu-item-4798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4798"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a></li><li id="menu-item-4792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4792"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha Centauri</a></li><li id="menu-item-4795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4795"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/arcturus/">Arcturus</a></li><li id="menu-item-4814" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4814"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vega/">Vega</a></li><li id="menu-item-4799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4799"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/capella/">Capella</a></li><li id="menu-item-4810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4810"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/rigel/">Rigel</a></li><li id="menu-item-4808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4808"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/procyon/">Procyon</a></li><li id="menu-item-4787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4787"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/achernar/">Achernar</a></li><li id="menu-item-4797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4797"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/betelgeuse/">Betelgeuse</a></li><li id="menu-item-4805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4805"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/hadar/">Hadar</a></li><li id="menu-item-4793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4793"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/altair/">Altair</a></li><li id="menu-item-4788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4788"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/acrux/">Acrux</a></li><li id="menu-item-4790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4790"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aldebaran/">Aldebaran</a></li><li id="menu-item-4794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4794"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a></li><li id="menu-item-4813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4813"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/spica/">Spica</a></li><li id="menu-item-4807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4807"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/pollux/">Pollux</a></li><li id="menu-item-4803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4803"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/fomalhaut/">Fomalhaut</a></li><li id="menu-item-4801" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4801"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/deneb/">Deneb</a></li><li id="menu-item-4806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4806"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mimosa/">Mimosa</a></li><li id="menu-item-4809" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4809"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/regulus/">Regulus</a></li></ul></div></div></aside></div></div></div></main><footer class="site-footer" id="site-footer" ><div class="hfg_footer"><div class="footer--row footer-top layout-full-contained" id="cb-row--footer-top" data-row-id="top" data-show-on="desktop"><div class="footer--row-inner footer-top-inner footer-content-wrap"><div class="container"><div class="hfg-grid nv-footer-content hfg-grid-top row--wrapper row " data-section="hfg_footer_layout_top" ><div class="builder-item hfg-item-first col-3 desktop-left tablet-left mobile-left offset-2"><div class="item--inner builder-item--footer-one-widgets" data-section="neve_sidebar-widgets-footer-one-widgets" data-item-id="footer-one-widgets"><div class="widget-area"><div id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"><p>© Star Facts 2024</p></div></div></div></div><div class="builder-item hfg-item-last col-3 desktop-right tablet-left mobile-left offset-4"><div class="item--inner builder-item--footer-two-widgets" data-section="neve_sidebar-widgets-footer-two-widgets" data-item-id="footer-two-widgets"><div class="widget-area"><div id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_text"><p><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer></div> <script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-insertion-589b349'>!function(){"use strict";function e(){return e=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var i=arguments[t];for(var n in i)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,n)&&(e[n]=i[n])}return e},e.apply(this,arguments)}var t,i,n,s,o,r,a,l,c,d,h,u,p,m,_,g,y,f,v,S;window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2024-11-27",function(e){e.amznbid="amznbid",e.amzniid="amzniid",e.amznp="amznp",e.amznsz="amznsz"}(t||(t={})),function(e){e.ThirtyThreeAcross="33across",e.Adform="adform",e.Aidem="aidem",e.AidemServer="aidem_ss",e.AppNexus="appnexus",e.AmazonTAM="amazon",e.AmazonUAM="AmazonUAM",e.AmazonASR="AmazonASR",e.Colossus="colossus",e.ColossusServer="col_ss",e.Conversant="conversant",e.Concert="concert",e.Criteo="criteo",e.CriteoServer="crit_ss",e.GumGum="gumgum",e.ImproveDigital="improvedigital",e.ImproveDigitalServer="improve_ss",e.IndexExchange="ix",e.Kargo="kargo",e.KargoServer="krgo_ss",e.MediaGrid="grid",e.MediaGridVideo="gridvid",e.Nativo="nativo",e.OpenX="openx",e.Ogury="ogury",e.OpenXServer="opnx_ss",e.Ozone="ozone",e.Pubmatic="pubmatic",e.PubmaticServer="pubm_ss",e.ResetDigital="resetdigital",e.Rise="rise",e.Rtbhouse="rtbhouse",e.Rubicon="rubicon",e.RubiconServer="rubi_ss",e.RubiconServerISV="rubiv_ss",e.Seedtag="seedtag",e.Sharethrough="sharethrough",e.Teads="teads",e.Triplelift="triplelift",e.TripleliftServer="tripl_ss",e.TTD="ttd",e.Undertone="undertone",e.UndertoneServer="under_ss",e.Unruly="unruly",e.YahooSSP="yahoossp",e.YahooSSPServer="yah_ss",e.Verizon="verizon",e.Yieldmo="yieldmo",e.Flipp="flipp"}(i||(i={})),function(e){e.Prebid="prebid",e.GAM="gam",e.Amazon="amazon",e.Marmalade="marmalade",e.Floors="floors",e.CMP="cmp",e.Optable="optable",e.OptimalBidder="optimalBidder"}(n||(n={})),function(e){e.cm="cm",e.fbrap="fbrap",e.rapml="rapml"}(s||(s={})),function(e){e.lazy="lazy",e.raptive="raptive",e.refresh="refresh",e.session="session",e.crossDomain="crossdomain",e.highSequence="highsequence",e.lazyBidPool="lazyBidPool"}(o||(o={})),function(e){e.lazy="l",e.raptive="rapml",e.refresh="r",e.session="s",e.crossdomain="c",e.highsequence="hs",e.lazyBidPool="lbp"}(r||(r={})),function(e){e.Version="Version",e.SharingNotice="SharingNotice",e.SaleOptOutNotice="SaleOptOutNotice",e.SharingOptOutNotice="SharingOptOutNotice",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice="TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice="SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice="SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice",e.SaleOptOut="SaleOptOut",e.SharingOptOut="SharingOptOut",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOut="TargetedAdvertisingOptOut",e.SensitiveDataProcessing="SensitiveDataProcessing",e.KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents="KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents",e.PersonalDataConsents="PersonalDataConsents",e.MspaCoveredTransaction="MspaCoveredTransaction",e.MspaOptOutOptionMode="MspaOptOutOptionMode",e.MspaServiceProviderMode="MspaServiceProviderMode",e.SubSectionType="SubsectionType",e.Gpc="Gpc"}(a||(a={})),function(e){e[e.NA=0]="NA",e[e.OptedOut=1]="OptedOut",e[e.OptedIn=2]="OptedIn"}(l||(l={})),function(e){e.AdDensity="addensity",e.AdLayout="adlayout",e.FooterCloseButton="footerclose",e.Interstitial="interstitial",e.RemoveVideoTitleWrapper="removevideotitlewrapper",e.StickyOutstream="stickyoutstream",e.StickyOutstreamOnStickyPlayer="sospp",e.VideoAdvancePlaylistRelatedPlayer="videoadvanceplaylistrp",e.MobileStickyPlayerPosition="mspp"}(c||(c={})),function(e){e.Below_Post_1="Below_Post_1",e.Below_Post="Below_Post",e.Content="Content",e.Content_1="Content_1",e.Content_2="Content_2",e.Content_3="Content_3",e.Content_4="Content_4",e.Content_5="Content_5",e.Content_6="Content_6",e.Content_7="Content_7",e.Content_8="Content_8",e.Content_9="Content_9",e.Recipe="Recipe",e.Recipe_1="Recipe_1",e.Recipe_2="Recipe_2",e.Recipe_3="Recipe_3",e.Recipe_4="Recipe_4",e.Recipe_5="Recipe_5",e.Native_Recipe="Native_Recipe",e.Footer_1="Footer_1",e.Footer="Footer",e.Header_1="Header_1",e.Header_2="Header_2",e.Header="Header",e.Sidebar_1="Sidebar_1",e.Sidebar_2="Sidebar_2",e.Sidebar_3="Sidebar_3",e.Sidebar_4="Sidebar_4",e.Sidebar_5="Sidebar_5",e.Sidebar_9="Sidebar_9",e.Sidebar="Sidebar",e.Interstitial_1="Interstitial_1",e.Interstitial="Interstitial",e.Video_StickyOutstream_1="Video_StickyOutstream_1",e.Video_StickyOutstream="Video_StickyOutstream",e.Video_StickyInstream="Video_StickyInstream",e.Sponsor_Tile="Sponsor_Tile"}(d||(d={})),function(e){e.Desktop="desktop",e.Mobile="mobile"}(h||(h={})),function(e){e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn",e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s"}(u||(u={})),function(e){e.vpaidAdPlayError="vpaidAdPlayError",e.adError="adError",e.adLoaded="adLoaded"}(p||(p={})),function(e){e.Float="adthrive-collapse-float",e.Sticky="adthrive-collapse-sticky",e.Mobile="adthrive-collapse-mobile"}(m||(m={})),function(e){e.Small="adthrive-collapse-small",e.Medium="adthrive-collapse-medium"}(_||(_={})),function(e){e.BottomRight="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"}(g||(g={})),function(e){e[e.Unstarted=0]="Unstarted",e[e.UncollapsedPlay=1]="UncollapsedPlay",e[e.CollapsedPlay=2]="CollapsedPlay",e[e.UserPauseUncollapsed=3]="UserPauseUncollapsed",e[e.UserPauseCollapsed=4]="UserPauseCollapsed",e[e.PausedNotVisible=5]="PausedNotVisible",e[e.Overlapped=6]="Overlapped",e[e.Closed=7]="Closed",e[e.NonLinearAdPlay=8]="NonLinearAdPlay",e[e.NonLinearAdPaused=9]="NonLinearAdPaused",e[e.NonLinearAdOverlapped=10]="NonLinearAdOverlapped",e[e.UserUnPaused=11]="UserUnPaused"}(y||(y={})),function(e){e[e.Play=0]="Play",e[e.UserClick=1]="UserClick",e[e.PageSwitch=2]="PageSwitch",e[e.OutOfView=3]="OutOfView",e[e.InView=4]="InView",e[e.Close=5]="Close",e[e.Overlapping=6]="Overlapping",e[e.OtherVideoPlaying=7]="OtherVideoPlaying"}(f||(f={})),function(e){e.None="none"}(v||(v={})),function(e){e.Default="default",e.AZ_Animals="5daf495ed42c8605cfc74b0b",e.Natashas_Kitchen="55bccc97303edab84afd77e2",e.RecipeTin_Eats="55cb7e3b4bc841bd0c4ea577",e.Sallys_Baking_Recipes="566aefa94856897050ee7303",e.Spend_With_Pennies="541917f5a90318f9194874cf"}(S||(S={}));const b=e=>{const t={};return function(...i){const n=JSON.stringify(i);if(t[n])return t[n];const s=e.apply(this,i);return t[n]=s,s}};const C=new class{info(e,t,...i){this.call(console.info,e,t,...i)}warn(e,t,...i){this.call(console.warn,e,t,...i)}error(e,t,...i){this.call(console.error,e,t,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i)}event(e,t,...i){var n;"debug"===(null==(n=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:n.bucket)&&this.info(e,t)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(e,t,i)}))}call(e,t,i,...n){const s=[`%c${t}::${i} `],o=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];n.length>0&&"string"==typeof n[0]&&s.push(n.shift()),o.push(...n);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(e,console,[s.join(""),...o])}catch(e){return void console.error(e)}}},w=(e,t)=>null==e||e!=e?t:e,O=e=>{const t=e.offsetHeight,i=e.offsetWidth,n=e.getBoundingClientRect(),s=document.body,o=document.documentElement,r=window.pageYOffset||o.scrollTop||s.scrollTop,a=window.pageXOffset||o.scrollLeft||s.scrollLeft,l=o.clientTop||s.clientTop||0,c=o.clientLeft||s.clientLeft||0,d=Math.round(n.top+r-l),h=Math.round(n.left+a-c);return{top:d,left:h,bottom:d+t,right:h+i,width:i,height:t}},x=e=>{let t={};const i=((e=window.location.search)=>{const t=0===e.indexOf("?")?1:0;return e.slice(t).split("&").reduce(((e,t)=>{const[i,n]=t.split("=");return e.set(i,n),e}),new Map)})().get(e);if(i)try{const n=decodeURIComponent(i).replace(/\+/g,"");t=JSON.parse(n),C.event("ExperimentOverridesUtil","getExperimentOverrides",e,t)}catch(e){}return t},A=b(((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/Windows NT|Macintosh/i.test(e))),E=b((()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent,t=/Tablet|iPad|Playbook|Nook|webOS|Kindle|Android (?!.*Mobile).*Safari|CrOS/i.test(e);return/Mobi|iP(hone|od)|Opera Mini/i.test(e)&&!t})),P=(e,t,i=document)=>{const n=((e=document)=>{const t=e.querySelectorAll("article");if(0===t.length)return null;const i=Array.from(t).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e));return i&&i.offsetHeight>1.5*window.innerHeight?i:null})(i),s=n?[n]:[],o=[];e.forEach((e=>{const n=Array.from(i.querySelectorAll(e.elementSelector)).slice(0,e.skip);var r;(r=e.elementSelector,r.includes(",")?r.split(","):[r]).forEach((r=>{const a=i.querySelectorAll(r);for(let i=0;i<a.length;i++){const r=a[i];if(t.map.some((({el:e})=>e.isEqualNode(r))))continue;const l=r&&r.parentElement;l&&l!==document.body?s.push(l):s.push(r),-1===n.indexOf(r)&&o.push({dynamicAd:e,element:r})}}))}));const r=((e=document)=>(e===document?document.body:e).getBoundingClientRect().top)(i),a=o.sort(((e,t)=>e.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r-(t.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r)));return[s,a]};const k=new class{init(){}constructor(){this.name="StorageHandler",this.disable=!1,this.removeLocalStorageValue=e=>{window.localStorage.removeItem(`adthrive_${e.toLowerCase()}`)},this.getLocalStorageValue=(e,t=!0,i=!0,n,s)=>{if(this.disable)return null;try{const o=t?"adthrive_":"",r=window.localStorage.getItem(`${o}${i?e.toLowerCase():e}`);if(r){const i=JSON.parse(r),o=void 0!==n&&Date.now()-i.created>=n;if(i&&!o)return s&&this.setLocalStorageValue(e,i.value,t),i.value}}catch(e){}return null},this.setLocalStorageValue=(e,t,i=!0)=>{try{const n=i?"adthrive_":"",s={value:t,created:Date.now()};window.localStorage.setItem(`${n}${e.toLowerCase()}`,JSON.stringify(s))}catch(e){}},this.getOrSetLocalStorageValue=(e,t,i,n=!0,s=!0,o,r=!0)=>{const a=this.getLocalStorageValue(e,r,n,i,s);if(null!==a)return a;const l=t();return this.setLocalStorageValue(e,l,r),o&&o(l),l}}},D=(e,t,i)=>{switch(t){case c.AdDensity:return((e,t)=>{const i=e.adDensityEnabled,n=e.adDensityLayout.pageOverrides.find((e=>!!document.querySelector(e.pageSelector)&&(e[t].onePerViewport||"number"==typeof e[t].adDensity)));return!i||!n})(e,i);case c.StickyOutstream:return(e=>{var t,i,n;const s=null==(n=e.videoPlayers)||null==(i=n.partners)||null==(t=i.stickyOutstream)?void 0:t.blockedPageSelectors;return!s||!document.querySelector(s)})(e);case c.Interstitial:return(e=>{const t=e.adOptions.interstitialBlockedPageSelectors;return!t||!document.querySelector(t)})(e);default:return!0}},I=t=>{try{return{valid:!0,elements:document.querySelectorAll(t)}}catch(t){return e({valid:!1},t)}},R=e=>""===e?{valid:!0}:I(e),M=(e,t)=>{if(!e)return!1;const i=!!e.enabled,n=null==e.dateStart||Date.now()>=e.dateStart,s=null==e.dateEnd||Date.now()<=e.dateEnd,o=null===e.selector||""!==e.selector&&!!document.querySelector(e.selector),r="mobile"===e.platform&&"mobile"===t,a="desktop"===e.platform&&"desktop"===t,l=null===e.platform||"all"===e.platform||r||a,c="bernoulliTrial"===e.experimentType?1===e.variants.length:(e=>{const t=e.reduce(((e,t)=>t.weight?t.weight+e:e),0);return e.length>0&&e.every((e=>{const t=e.value,i=e.weight;return!(null==t||"number"==typeof t&&isNaN(t)||!i)}))&&100===t})(e.variants);return c||C.error("SiteTest","validateSiteExperiment","experiment presented invalid choices for key:",e.key,e.variants),i&&n&&s&&o&&l&&c},L=["siteId","siteName","adOptions","breakpoints","adUnits"];window.adthrive.windowPerformance=window.adthrive.windowPerformance||new class{resetTimeOrigin(){this._timeOrigin=window.performance.now()}now(){try{return Math.round(window.performance.now()-this._timeOrigin)}catch(e){return 0}}constructor(){this._timeOrigin=0}};const T=window.adthrive.windowPerformance,V=T.now.bind(T);class N{get siteFeatureRollouts(){return this._featureRollouts}isRolloutEnabled(e){return!(!this._featureRollouts||!this._featureRollouts[e])&&this._featureRollouts[e].enabled}getSiteRolloutConfig(e){var t;return this.isRolloutEnabled(e)&&null!=(t=this._featureRollouts[e].data)?t:{}}get enabledFeatureRolloutIds(){return this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds}constructor(){this._featureRollouts={},this._checkedFeatureRollouts=new Map,this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds=[]}}class j extends N{constructor(e){super(),this._featureRollouts=e.enabled&&e.siteAds.featureRollouts||{}}}class H{get enabled(){return!!this._clsGlobalData&&!!this._clsGlobalData.siteAds&&((e,t=L)=>{if(!e)return!1;for(let i=0;i<t.length;i++)if(!e[t[i]])return!1;return!0})(this._clsGlobalData.siteAds)}get error(){return!(!this._clsGlobalData||!this._clsGlobalData.error)}set siteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.siteAds=e}get siteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds}set disableAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.disableAds=e}get disableAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.disableAds}set enabledLocations(e){this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations=e}get enabledLocations(){return this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations}get injectedFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin}set injectedFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin=e}get injectedFromSiteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds}set injectedFromSiteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds=e}overwriteInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=e}setInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots.push(e)}get injectedSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots}setInjectedVideoSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots.push(e)}get injectedVideoSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots}setInjectedScripts(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts=this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts.push(e)}get getInjectedScripts(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts}setExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experiments=this._clsGlobalData.experiments||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments)[e]=t}getExperiment(e,t=!1){const i=t?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments;return i&&i[e]}setWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice)[e]=t}getWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t=!1){var i,n;const s=t?null==(i=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:i.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:null==(n=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:n.experimentsWeightedChoice;return s&&s[e]}get branch(){return this._clsGlobalData.branch}get bucket(){return this._clsGlobalData.bucket}set videoDisabledFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin=e}get videoDisabledFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin}set targetDensityLog(e){this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog=e}get targetDensityLog(){return this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog}shouldHalveIOSDensity(){const e=new j(this);return((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/iP(hone|od|ad)/i.test(e))()&&e.isRolloutEnabled("iOS-Resolution")}getTargetDensity(e){return this.shouldHalveIOSDensity()?e/2:e}get removeVideoTitleWrapper(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper}constructor(){this._clsGlobalData=window.adthriveCLS}}class G{static getScrollTop(){return(window.pageYOffset||document.documentElement.scrollTop)-(document.documentElement.clientTop||0)}static getScrollBottom(){return this.getScrollTop()+(document.documentElement.clientHeight||0)}static shufflePlaylist(e){let t,i,n=e.length;for(;0!==n;)i=Math.floor(Math.random()*e.length),n-=1,t=e[n],e[n]=e[i],e[i]=t;return e}static isMobileLandscape(){return window.matchMedia("(orientation: landscape) and (max-height: 480px)").matches}static playerViewable(e){const t=e.getBoundingClientRect();return this.isMobileLandscape()?window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2&&t.top+t.height/2>0:window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2}static createQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${e[t]}`)).join("&")}static createEncodedQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${encodeURIComponent(e[t])}`)).join("&")}static setMobileLocation(e){return"top-left"===(e=e||"bottom-right")?e="adthrive-collapse-top-left":"top-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-top-right":"bottom-left"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-left":"bottom-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right":"top-center"===e&&(e=E()?"adthrive-collapse-top-center":"adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"),e}static addMaxResolutionQueryParam(e){const t=`max_resolution=${E()?"320":"1280"}`,[i,n]=String(e).split("?");return`${i}?${n?n+`&${t}`:t}`}}class z{constructor(e){this._clsOptions=e,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=w(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,!1);const t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.videoPlayers;this.footerSelector=w(t&&t.footerSelector,""),this.players=w(t&&t.players.map((e=>(e.mobileLocation=G.setMobileLocation(e.mobileLocation),e))),[]),this.relatedSettings=t&&t.contextual}}class F{constructor(e){this.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!1,this.playlistPlayerAdded=!1,this.relatedPlayerAdded=!1,this.footerSelector="",this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=!1,this.videoAdOptions=new z(e),this.players=this.videoAdOptions.players,this.relatedSettings=this.videoAdOptions.relatedSettings,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=this.videoAdOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,this.footerSelector=this.videoAdOptions.footerSelector}}class B{}class U extends B{get(){if(this._probability<0||this._probability>1)throw new Error(`Invalid probability: ${this._probability}`);return Math.random()<this._probability}constructor(e){super(),this._probability=e}}class W{setExperimentKey(e=!1){this._clsOptions.setExperiment(this.abgroup,this.result,e)}constructor(){this._clsOptions=new H,this.shouldUseCoreExperimentsConfig=!1}}class q extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(.1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveLargeSize",this.abgroup="smhd100",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}function Q(e,t,i,n){var s,o=arguments.length,r=o<3?t:null===n?n=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,i):n;if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.decorate)r=Reflect.decorate(e,t,i,n);else for(var a=e.length-1;a>=0;a--)(s=e[a])&&(r=(o<3?s(r):o>3?s(t,i,r):s(t,i))||r);return o>3&&r&&Object.defineProperty(t,i,r),r}function K(e,t){if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.metadata)return Reflect.metadata(e,t)}"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;const J=(e,t,i,n,s,o)=>{const r=Math.round(o-s),a=[],l=[];a.push("(",i.map((()=>"%o")).join(", "),")"),l.push(...i),void 0!==n&&(a.push(" => %o"),l.push(n)),a.push(` %c(${r}ms)`),l.push("color: #999;")},Y=(e,t,i)=>{const n=void 0!==i.get?i.get:i.value;return function(...i){try{const s=V(),o=n.apply(this,i);if(o instanceof Promise)return o.then((e=>{const t=V();return J(0,0,i,e,s,t),Promise.resolve(e)})).catch((i=>{throw i.logged||(C.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}));{const e=V();return J(0,0,i,o,s,e),o}}catch(i){throw i.logged||(C.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}}},X=(t,i=!1)=>n=>{const s=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(n.prototype).filter((e=>i||0!==e.indexOf("_"))).map((e=>[e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n.prototype,e)]));for(const[i,o]of s)void 0!==o&&"function"==typeof o.value?n.prototype[i]=Y(t,i,o):void 0!==o&&void 0!==o.get&&"function"==typeof o.get&&Object.defineProperty(n.prototype,i,e({},o,{get:Y(t,i,o)}))};class Z extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(e){super(),this._result=!1,this.key="ParallaxAdsExperiment",this.abgroup="parallax",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.5;!!E()&&e.largeFormatsMobile&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}Z=Q([X("ParallaxAdsExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",["undefined"==typeof AdTypes?Object:AdTypes])],Z);class ee extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="mrsf",this.abgroup="mrsf",E()&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}const te=[[728,90],[300,250],[300,600],[320,50],[970,250],[160,600],[300,1050],[336,280],[970,90],[300,50],[320,100],[468,60],[250,250],[120,240],[1,1],[300,300],[552,334],[300,420],[728,250],[320,300],[300,390]],ie=[[300,600],[160,600]],ne=new Map([[d.Footer,1],[d.Header,2],[d.Sidebar,3],[d.Content,4],[d.Recipe,5],["Sidebar_sticky",6],["Below Post",7]]),se=(e,t)=>{const{location:i,sticky:n}=e;if(i===d.Recipe&&t){const{recipeMobile:e,recipeDesktop:i}=t;if(E()&&(null==e?void 0:e.enabled))return!0;if(!E()&&(null==i?void 0:i.enabled))return!0}return i===d.Footer||n},oe=(e,t)=>{const i=t.adUnits,n=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new Z(e.adTypes).result)(t),s=new q,o=new ee;return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const r=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),a="Sidebar"===r?0:2;return{auctionPriority:ne.get(r)||8,location:r,sequence:w(i.sequence,1),sizes:(l=i.adSizes,te.filter((([e,t])=>l.some((([i,n])=>e===i&&t===n))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],n,s,o)=>{const{location:r,sequence:a}=e;if(r===d.Footer)return!("phone"===n&&320===t&&100===i);if(r===d.Header)return!(i>100&&s.result);if(r===d.Recipe)return!(o.result&&"phone"===n&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(r===d.Sidebar){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),n=i>300;return!(!n||t)||9===a||(a&&a<=5?!n||e.sticky:!n)}return!0})(i,t,e,s,o))).concat(n&&i.location===d.Content?ie:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:w(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:w(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:w(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:w(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:se(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:w(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:w(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:w(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:w(i.dynamic.lazyMax,a),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var l}))},re=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),n=e.sticky&&e.location===d.Sidebar;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),o=!n||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&o}))};class ae{constructor(e){this.clsOptions=e,this.enabledLocations=[d.Below_Post,d.Content,d.Recipe,d.Sidebar]}}const le=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`,ce=e=>`${le(e)}-${e.sequence}`;function de(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var i=t.insertAt;if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof document){var n=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],s=document.createElement("style");s.type="text/css","top"===i&&n.firstChild?n.insertBefore(s,n.firstChild):n.appendChild(s),s.styleSheet?s.styleSheet.cssText=e:s.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e))}}const he=e=>e.some((e=>null!==document.querySelector(e)));class ue extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveRecipeCap",this.abgroup="rrc",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}class pe extends B{static fromArray(e,t){return new pe(e.map((([e,t])=>({choice:e,weight:t}))),t)}addChoice(e,t){this._choices.push({choice:e,weight:t})}get(){const e=(t=0,i=100,Math.random()*(i-t)+t);var t,i;let n=0;for(const{choice:t,weight:i}of this._choices)if(n+=i,n>=e)return t;return this._default}get totalWeight(){return this._choices.reduce(((e,{weight:t})=>e+t),0)}constructor(e=[],t){super(),this._choices=e,this._default=t}}class me{}const _e=["mcmpfreqrec"];const ge=new class extends me{init(e){this._gdpr="true"===e.gdpr,this._shouldQueue=this._gdpr}clearQueue(e){e&&(this._shouldQueue=!1,this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{this.setSessionStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._localStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{if("adthrive_abgroup"===e.key){const t=Object.keys(e.value)[0],i=e.value[t],n=e.value[`${t}_weight`];fe(t,i,n,{value:24,unit:"hours"})}else e.expiry?"internal"===e.type?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):this.setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._cookieHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalCookie(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalCookie(e.key,e.value)}))),this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[]}readInternalCookie(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readCookie(e)}readExternalCookie(e){return this._readCookie(e)}readInternalLocalStorage(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readExternalLocalStorage(e){return this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readSessionStorage(e){const t=window.sessionStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{return JSON.parse(t)}catch(e){return t}}deleteCookie(e){document.cookie=`${e}=; SameSite=None; Secure; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/`}deleteLocalStorage(e){window.localStorage.removeItem(e)}deleteSessionStorage(e){window.sessionStorage.removeItem(e)}setInternalCookie(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._setCookieValue("internal",e,t,i)}setExternalCookie(e,t,i){this._setCookieValue("external",e,t,i)}setInternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"external"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e);try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:JSON.stringify(t),type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setSessionStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t};this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.sessionStorage.setItem(e,i)}}_getExpiryDate({value:e,unit:t}){const i=new Date;return"milliseconds"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+e):"seconds"==t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+1e3*e):"minutes"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*1e3):"hours"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*60*1e3):"days"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+24*e*60*60*1e3):"months"===t&&i.setTime(i.getTime()+30*e*24*60*60*1e3),i.toUTCString()}_resetExpiry(e){return e.expires=this._getExpiryDate(e.expiry),e}_readCookie(e){const t=document.cookie.split("; ").find((t=>t.split("=")[0]===e));if(!t)return null;const i=t.split("=")[1];if(i)try{return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(i))}catch(e){return decodeURIComponent(i)}return null}_readFromLocalStorage(e){const t=window.localStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{const n=JSON.parse(t),s=n.expires&&(new Date).getTime()>new Date(n.expires).getTime();if(n.resetOnRead&&n.expires&&!s){const t=this._resetExpiry(n);var i;return window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(n)),null!=(i=t.value)?i:t}if(s)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(!n.value)return n;try{return JSON.parse(n.value)}catch(e){return n.value}}catch(e){return t}}_setCookieValue(e,t,i,n){try{if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const n={key:t,value:i,type:e};this._cookieHandlerQueue.push(n)}else{var s;const e=this._getExpiryDate(null!=(s=null==n?void 0:n.expiry)?s:{value:400,unit:"days"});var o;const a=null!=(o=null==n?void 0:n.sameSite)?o:"None";var r;const l=null==(r=null==n?void 0:n.secure)||r,c="object"==typeof i?JSON.stringify(i):i;document.cookie=`${t}=${c}; SameSite=${a}; ${l?"Secure;":""} expires=${e}; path=/`}}catch(e){}}_verifyInternalKey(e){const t=e.startsWith("adthrive_"),i=e.startsWith("adt_");if(!t&&!i&&!_e.includes(e))throw new Error('When reading an internal cookie, the key must start with "adthrive_" or "adt_" or be part of the allowed legacy keys.')}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.name="BrowserStorage",this.disable=!1,this.gdprPurposes=[1],this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[],this._shouldQueue=!1}},ye=e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)),fe=(t,i,n,s,o=!0)=>{const r="adthrive_abgroup",a=ge.readInternalLocalStorage(r);if(null!==a){const e=a[t];var l;const i=null!=(l=a[`${t}_weight`])?l:null;if(ye(e))return[e,i]}const c=e({},a,{[t]:i,[`${t}_weight`]:n});return s?ge.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(r,c,{expiry:s,resetOnRead:o}):ge.setInternalLocalStorage(r,c),[i,n]},ve=()=>(e,t,i)=>{const n=i.value;n&&(i.value=function(...e){const t=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),i=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,s=i?i.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",o=t?`${s}_${t}`:s,r=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${o}`:o,a=k.getLocalStorageValue("branch");!1===(a&&a.enabled)&&k.removeLocalStorageValue(r);const l=(()=>n.apply(this,e))(),c=(d=this._choices,h=l,null!=(p=null==(u=d.find((({choice:e})=>e===h)))?void 0:u.weight)?p:null);var d,h,u,p;const[m,_]=fe(r,l,c,{value:24,unit:"hours"});return this._stickyResult=m,this._stickyWeight=_,m})};class Se{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&ye(e)}}class be extends Se{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";if(!this._mappedChoices||0===this._mappedChoices.length)return C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment variants found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}constructor(...e){super(...e),this._resultValidator=()=>!0}}class Ce{getSiteExperimentByKey(e){const t=this.siteExperiments.filter((t=>t.key.toLowerCase()===e.toLowerCase()))[0],i=x("at_site_features"),n=(s=(null==t?void 0:t.variants[1])?null==t?void 0:t.variants[1].value:null==t?void 0:t.variants[0].value,o=i[e],typeof s==typeof o);var s,o;return t&&i[e]&&n&&(t.variants=[{displayName:"test",value:i[e],weight:100,id:0}]),t}constructor(e){var t,i;this.siteExperiments=[],this._clsOptions=e,this._device=E()?"mobile":"desktop",this.siteExperiments=null!=(i=null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments)?void 0:t.filter((e=>{const t=e.key,i=M(e,this._device),n=D(this._clsOptions.siteAds,t,this._device);return i&&n})))?i:[]}}class we extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to empty class name."),"";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdLayout,this.abgroup=c.AdLayout,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],we.prototype,"run",null);class Oe extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdDensity,this.abgroup=c.AdDensity,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],Oe.prototype,"run",null);class xe extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scae",this.key="StickyContainerAds",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}xe=Q([X("StickyContainerAdsExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],xe);class Ae extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scre",this.key="StickyContainerRecipe",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Ae=Q([X("StickyContainerRecipeExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],Ae);const Ee="250px";class Pe{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new we(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=oe(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result&&!he(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))de(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h.Desktop:h.Mobile,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=w(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==d.Content:e)),r=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===d.Content:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...r.length?this._injectDensitySlots(r,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.some((e=>e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky))&&!he((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{de(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o),l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a),c=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),d=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...c>0?[c]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c,numberOfUnits:d}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=R(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return w(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const a=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),l=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let c=e.skip;c<l.length&&!(r+1>a.length);c+=e.every){let h=l[c];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=O(h);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const u=a[r],p=`${u.location}_${u.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===p))&&(r+=1);const m=this.getDynamicElementId(u),_=le(e),g=ce(e),y=[e.location===d.Sidebar&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",_,g,...e.classNames],f=this.addAd(h,m,e.position,y);if(f){const s=re(u,f);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:u,element:f,sizes:s,name:p,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:u.location,element:f}),e.location===d.Recipe&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}h=f}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,o="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),a=o||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),l=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${d.Below_Post}`);return r&&a&&l}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const i=e.previousElementSibling,n=e.nextElementSibling,s=t?!i&&n||i&&e.tagName!==i.tagName?n:i:n;return!(!s||0!==e.getBoundingClientRect().height)||(!s||e.getBoundingClientRect().top!==s.getBoundingClientRect().top)}_calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t=document){const[i,n]=((e,t,i=document)=>{const[n,s]=P(e,t,i);if(0===n.length)throw Error("No Main Content Elements Found");return[Array.from(n).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e))||document.body,s]})(e,this._adInjectionMap,t);this._mainContentDiv=i,this._totalAvailableElements=n,this._mainContentHeight=((e,t="div #comments, section .comments")=>{const i=e.querySelector(t);return i?e.offsetHeight-i.offsetHeight:e.offsetHeight})(this._mainContentDiv)}_getElementCoords(e,t=!1){const i=e.getBoundingClientRect();return(t?i.top:i.bottom)+window.scrollY}_addContentAd(e,t,i=document){var n,s;let o=null;const r=le(t),a=ce(t),l=(null==(s=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(n=s.content)?void 0:n.enabled)&&this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=re(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=this._removeRecipeCapExperiment.result&&t.location===d.Recipe?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?w(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,a=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),l=Math.max(o,a);for(let n=0;n<l;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h.Desktop,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[d.Recipe,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:Ee,Content:Ee,Recipe:Ee,Sidebar:Ee};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new ae(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new Oe(this._clsOptions):null,this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment=new xe,this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment=new Ae,this._removeRecipeCapExperiment=new ue}}function ke(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class De{get enabled(){return!0}}class Ie extends De{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(C.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=R(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=ke(s,["valid","elements"]),l=I(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,h=ke(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),h),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else C.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else C.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void C.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{C.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=A()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class Re extends Ie{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=u.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=u.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const i=e.playlistId,n="mobile"===this._device?u.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone:u.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff,s="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360];this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!0;const o=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,o);let r=this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT;e.title&&(r+=this._getTitleHeight());const a=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(o,i,r);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(`playlist-${i}`),a&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:s,playerName:n,element:o,type:"stickyPlaylist"})}_isVideoAllowedOnPage(){const e=this._clsOptions.disableAds;if(e&&e.video){let t="";e.reasons.has("video_tag")?t="video tag":e.reasons.has("video_plugin")?t="video plugin":e.reasons.has("video_page")&&(t="command queue");const i=t?"ClsVideoInsertionMigrated":"ClsVideoInsertion";return C.error(i,"isVideoAllowedOnPage",new Error(`DBP: Disabled by publisher via ${t||"other"}`)),!1}return!this._clsOptions.videoDisabledFromPlugin}constructor(e,t){super(e,"ClsVideoInsertion"),this._videoConfig=e,this._clsOptions=t,this._IN_POST_SELECTOR=".adthrive-video-player",this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=36,this._playersAddedFromPlugin=[],t.removeVideoTitleWrapper&&(this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=0)}}class Me{add(e,t,i,n=document){this._map.push({el:e,coords:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n})}get map(){return this._map}sort(){this._map.sort((({coords:e},{coords:t})=>e-t))}filterUsed(){this._map=this._map.filter((({dynamicAd:e})=>!e.used))}reset(){this._map=[]}constructor(){this._map=[]}}class Le extends Me{}try{(()=>{const e=new H;e&&e.enabled&&(new Pe(e,new Le).start(),new Re(new F(e),e).init())})()}catch(e){C.error("CLS","pluginsertion-iife",e),window.adthriveCLS&&(window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin=!1)}}();</script><script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">(function () {var clsElements = document.querySelectorAll("script[id^='cls-']"); window.adthriveCLS && clsElements && clsElements.length === 0 ? window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin = false : ""; })();</script><noscript><style>.lazyload{display:none;}</style></noscript><script data-noptimize="1">window.lazySizesConfig=window.lazySizesConfig||{};window.lazySizesConfig.loadMode=1;</script><script async data-noptimize="1" src='https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/plugins/autoptimize/classes/external/js/lazysizes.min.js?ao_version=3.1.12'></script><script type="text/javascript" id="neve-script-js-extra">var NeveProperties = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"b939fe686f","isRTL":"","isCustomize":""};</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="neve-script-js-after">var html = document.documentElement; var theme = html.getAttribute('data-neve-theme') || 'light'; var variants = {"logo":{"light":{"src":false,"srcset":false,"sizes":false},"dark":{"src":false,"srcset":false,"sizes":false},"same":true}}; function setCurrentTheme( theme ) { var pictures = document.getElementsByClassName( 'neve-site-logo' ); for(var i = 0; i<pictures.length; i++) { var picture = pictures.item(i); if( ! picture ) { continue; }; var fileExt = picture.src.slice((Math.max(0, picture.src.lastIndexOf(".")) || Infinity) + 1); if ( fileExt === 'svg' ) { picture.removeAttribute('width'); picture.removeAttribute('height'); picture.style = 'width: var(--maxwidth)'; } var compId = picture.getAttribute('data-variant'); if ( compId && variants[compId] ) { var isConditional = variants[compId]['same']; if ( theme === 'light' || isConditional || variants[compId]['dark']['src'] === false ) { picture.src = variants[compId]['light']['src']; picture.srcset = variants[compId]['light']['srcset'] || ''; picture.sizes = variants[compId]['light']['sizes']; continue; }; picture.src = variants[compId]['dark']['src']; picture.srcset = variants[compId]['dark']['srcset'] || ''; picture.sizes = variants[compId]['dark']['sizes']; }; }; }; var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.type == 'attributes') { theme = html.getAttribute('data-neve-theme'); setCurrentTheme(theme); }; }); }); observer.observe(html, { attributes: true });</script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions = [{ elements_selector: "img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload", data_src: "lazy-src", data_srcset: "lazy-srcset", data_sizes: "lazy-sizes", class_loading: "lazyloading", class_loaded: "lazyloaded", threshold: 300, callback_loaded: function(element) { if ( element.tagName === "IFRAME" && element.dataset.rocketLazyload == "fitvidscompatible" ) { if (element.classList.contains("lazyloaded") ) { if (typeof window.jQuery != "undefined") { if (jQuery.fn.fitVids) { jQuery(element).parent().fitVids(); } } } } }},{ elements_selector: ".rocket-lazyload", data_src: "lazy-src", data_srcset: "lazy-srcset", data_sizes: "lazy-sizes", class_loading: "lazyloading", class_loaded: "lazyloaded", threshold: 300, }]; window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized', function (e) { var lazyLoadInstance = e.detail.instance; if (window.MutationObserver) { var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { var image_count = 0; var iframe_count = 0; var rocketlazy_count = 0; mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { for (var i = 0; i < mutation.addedNodes.length; i++) { if (typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName !== 'function') { continue; } if (typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName !== 'function') { continue; } images = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img'); is_image = mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName == "IMG"; iframes = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe'); is_iframe = mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName == "IFRAME"; rocket_lazy = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload'); image_count += images.length; iframe_count += iframes.length; rocketlazy_count += rocket_lazy.length; if(is_image){ image_count += 1; } if(is_iframe){ iframe_count += 1; } } } ); if(image_count > 0 || iframe_count > 0 || rocketlazy_count > 0){ lazyLoadInstance.update(); } } ); var b = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; var config = { childList: true, subtree: true }; observer.observe(b, config); } }, false);</script><script>!function(){"use strict";!function(e){if(-1===e.cookie.indexOf("__adblocker")){e.cookie="__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";var t=new XMLHttpRequest;t.open("GET","https://ads.adthrive.com/abd/abd.js",!0),t.onreadystatechange=function(){if(XMLHttpRequest.DONE===t.readyState)if(200===t.status){var a=e.createElement("script");a.innerHTML=t.responseText,e.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(a)}else{var n=new Date;n.setTime(n.getTime()+3e5),e.cookie="__adblocker=true; expires="+n.toUTCString()+"; path=/"}},t.send()}}(document)}();</script><script>!function(){"use strict";var e;e=document,function(){var t,n;function r(){var t=e.createElement("script");t.src="https://cafemedia-com.videoplayerhub.com/galleryplayer.js",e.head.appendChild(t)}function a(){var t=e.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*__adblocker\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t&&t.pop()}function c(){clearInterval(n)}return{init:function(){var e;"true"===(t=a())?r():(e=0,n=setInterval((function(){100!==e&&"false"!==t||c(),"true"===t&&(r(),c()),t=a(),e++}),50))}}}().init()}();</script><script defer src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/js/autoptimize_000b376f38d62c0e77494f78d9ce5b83.js"></script></body></html>