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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Springer Nature</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Springer_Nature_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Springer_Nature_Logo.svg/220px-Springer_Nature_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Springer_Nature_Logo.svg/330px-Springer_Nature_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Springer_Nature_Logo.svg/440px-Springer_Nature_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="17" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Privately held</a> <a href="/wiki/Limited_partner#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited partner">Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien</a> with an <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a></i></span> as general partner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2015<span class="noprint">; 9 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2015</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (global) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (corporate) <br /> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (sales)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Frank Vrancken Peeters (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US Dollar">US$</a> 2.1 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holtzbrinck_Publishing_Group" title="Holtzbrinck Publishing Group">Holtzbrinck Publishing Group</a> (53%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/BC_Partners" title="BC Partners">BC Partners</a> (47%)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,000 (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springernature.com">www<wbr />.springernature<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-sngpresse_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sngpresse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Springer Nature</b> or the <b>Springer Nature Group</b><sup id="cite_ref-sngpresse_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sngpresse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a German–British <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">academic publishing</a> company created by the May 2015 merger of <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holtzbrinck_Publishing_Group" title="Holtzbrinck Publishing Group">Holtzbrinck Publishing Group</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nature_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Publishing Group">Nature Publishing Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Education" title="Macmillan Education">Macmillan Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-springer-merger_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer-merger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company originates from several journals and publishing houses, notably <a href="/wiki/Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>, which was founded in 1842 by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Springer" title="Julius Springer">Julius Springer</a> in Berlin<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the grandfather of Bernhard Springer who founded <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a> in 1950 in New York),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nature_Portfolio" title="Nature Portfolio">Nature Publishing Group</a> which has published <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"> Nature</a></i> since 1869,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Education" title="Macmillan Education">Macmillan Education</a>, which goes back to <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a> founded in 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springer Nature was formed in 2015 by the merger of Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education (held by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group) with Springer Science+Business Media (held by <a href="/wiki/BC_Partners" title="BC Partners">BC Partners</a>). Plans for the merger were first announced on 15 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transaction was concluded in May 2015 with Holtzbrinck having the majority 53% share.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IPO attempts in May 2018 and Autumn 2020<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were unfruitful due to unfavorable market conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Springer Nature acquired Atlantis Press, an <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> publisher founded in Paris in 2006, focusing on <a href="/wiki/Scientific,_technical,_and_medical" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific, technical, and medical">scientific, technical, and medical</a> (STM) content, and publication of <a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">conference proceedings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_company">Current company</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the merger, former Springer Science+Business Media <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derk_Haank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derk Haank (page does not exist)">Derk Haank</a> became CEO of Springer Nature.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he retired by the end of 2017, he was succeeded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ropers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Ropers (page does not exist)">Daniel Ropers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the co-founder and long-time CEO of <a href="/wiki/Bol.com" title="Bol.com">bol.com</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2019, Ropers was replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Vrancken_Peeters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Vrancken Peeters (page does not exist)">Frank Vrancken Peeters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company is releasing several Policies & Reports,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a <a href="/wiki/Modern_Slavery_Act_2015" title="Modern Slavery Act 2015">Modern Slavery Act</a> statement, a Tax strategy, and a <a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">gender pay gap</a> report for Springer Nature's UK operations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springer Nature is a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-members_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has taken steps to support the achievement of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs) in the publishing industry.<sup id="cite_ref-SDSN_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDSN-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SNPP_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNPP-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include becoming carbon neutral as of 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-SNPP_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNPP-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> organizing its publications into 17 SDG-related content hubs,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and launching thematic journals such as <i>Nature Climate Change</i>, <i>Nature Energy</i>, <i>Nature Sustainability</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-James_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nature Food</i>, <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>, <i>Nature Water</i> and <i>Nature Cities</i> (appearing 2024).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the Nature Portfolio series of themed online journals was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springer's journal <i>Environment, Development, and Sustainability</i> was one of six out of 100 journals to receive the highest possible "Five Wheel" impact rating<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the SDG Impact Intensity™ journal rating system, based on an analysis of data from 2016–2020 that assessed relevance to the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs).<sup id="cite_ref-Rodenburg_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodenburg-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Linacre_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linacre-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brands">Brands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following major brands belong to the group (see also Subsidiaries):<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer.com">Springer.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioMed_Central" title="BioMed Central">BioMed Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></li> <li>Heinrich Vogel Verlag<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SciGraph" title="SciGraph">SciGraph</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, the company agreed to block access to hundreds of articles on its Chinese site, cutting off access to articles related to Tibet, Taiwan, and China's political elite.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company retracted a paper in 2019, in its journal <i>BMC Emergency Medicine</i> due to a dubious peer-review process (a herpetologist could have denied the publication of the paper).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2020, Springer Nature was reported to have rejected the publication of an article at the behest of its co-publisher, <a href="/wiki/Wenzhou_Medical_University" title="Wenzhou Medical University">Wenzhou Medical University</a>, from a Taiwanese doctor because the word "China" was not placed after "Taiwan".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2020, Springer Nature retracted a paper in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Society_(journal)" title="Society (journal)">Society</a></i> due to a dubious review process and criticism regarding racism.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2021, Springer Nature retracted 44 nonsense papers from the <i>Arabian Journal of Geosciences</i> after a lapse in the peer review process.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2023, after an investigation, Springer Nature retracted a paper that claimed there is no evidence of a global climate crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-climatecrisisretract_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatecrisisretract-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lawsuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2024, <a href="/wiki/Lucina_Uddin" title="Lucina Uddin">Lucina Uddin</a>, a neuroscience professor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a>, sued Springer Nature along with five other <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> publishers in a proposed <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class-action</a> lawsuit, alleging that the publishers violated <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust</a> law by agreeing not to compete against each other for manuscripts and by denying scholars payment for <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer review</a> services.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adis_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Adis International">Adis International</a></li> <li>Apress</li> <li>Asser Press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioMed_Central" title="BioMed Central">BioMed Central</a></li> <li>Bohn Stafleu van Loghum</li> <li>J. B. Metzler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Education" title="Macmillan Education">Macmillan Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></li> <li>Springer Healthcare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_VS" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer VS">Springer VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Verlag">Springer Verlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Gabler" title="Springer Gabler">Springer Gabler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Vieweg_Verlag" title="Springer Vieweg Verlag">Springer Vieweg Verlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Medizin" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Medizin">Springer Medizin</a></li> <li>Springer Pflege</li> <li>Springer Nature Technology and Publishing Solutions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SciGraph" title="SciGraph">SciGraph</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_publication" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific publication">Scientific publication</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sngpresse-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sngpresse_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sngpresse_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://group.springernature.com/de/group/media">"Über uns: Presse"</a> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Scientific+journal+retracts+article+that+claimed+no+evidence+of+climate+crisis&rft.date=2023-08-25&rft.aulast=Readfearn&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2023%2Faug%2F26%2Fscientific-journal-retracts-article-that-claimed-no-evidence-of-climate-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringer+Nature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReadfearn2022" class="citation news cs1">Readfearn, Graham (2022-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/jun/14/sky-news-australia-is-a-global-hub-for-climate-misinformation-report-says">"Sky News Australia is a global hub for climate misinformation, report says"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sky+News+Australia+is+a+global+hub+for+climate+misinformation%2C+report+says&rft.date=2022-06-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Readfearn&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fjun%2F14%2Fsky-news-australia-is-a-global-hub-for-climate-misinformation-report-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringer+Nature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Before the paper was retracted, <a href="/wiki/Sky_News_Australia" title="Sky News Australia">Sky News Australia</a> – a news station priorly outed as a centre for climate change misinformation<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – published two segments on the paper, which were then subsequently viewed over half a million times on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-climatecrisisretract_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatecrisisretract-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarcella2024" class="citation news cs1">Scarcella, Mike (2024-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/academic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13/">"Academic publishers face class action over 'peer review' pay, other restrictions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240914212841/https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/academic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Academic+publishers+face+class+action+over+%E2%80%98peer+review%E2%80%99+pay%2C+other+restrictions&rft.date=2024-09-13&rft.aulast=Scarcella&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flegal%2Flitigation%2Facademic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringer+Nature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdur-Rahman2024" class="citation web cs1">Abdur-Rahman, Sulaiman (2024-09-13). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/?slreturn=20240815103952">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Illegal Conspiracy'?: EDNY Antitrust Class Action Challenges Publishers' Unpaid Peer Review Rule"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Law_Journal" title="New York Law Journal">New York Law Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240913230833/https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Illegal+Conspiracy%27%3F%3A+EDNY+Antitrust+Class+Action+Challenges+Publishers%27+Unpaid+Peer+Review+Rule&rft.date=2024-09-13&rft.aulast=Abdur-Rahman&rft.aufirst=Sulaiman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.com%2Fnewyorklawjournal%2F2024%2F09%2F13%2Fillegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule%2F%3Fslreturn%3D20240815103952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringer+Nature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Second_Books" title="First Second Books">First Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt</a></li> <li>Macmillan Audio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quick_and_Dirty_Tips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quick and Dirty Tips (page does not exist)">Quick and Dirty Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Books" title="Tor Books">Tor/Forge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor.com">Tor.com</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macmillan Learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford-St._Martin%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford-St. Martin's">Bedford-St. Martin's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Freeman" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Freeman">W. H. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Worth Publishers">Worth Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iclicker" class="mw-redirect" title="Iclicker">i>clicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden-McNeil" title="Hayden-McNeil">Hayden-McNeil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">FSG Books for Young Readers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feiwel_and_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Feiwel and Friends">Feiwel and Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Holt Books for Young Readers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingfisher_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingfisher (publisher) (page does not exist)">Kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roaring_Brook_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roaring Brook (publisher) (page does not exist)">Roaring Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priddy_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priddy (publisher) (page does not exist)">Priddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Fish">Square Fish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United<br />Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Books" title="Tor Books">Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Children%27s_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Children's Books">Macmillan Children's Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Campbell" title="Rod Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Young Picador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidgwick_%26_Jackson" title="Sidgwick & Jackson">Sidgwick & Jackson</a></li> <li>Mantle</li> <li>Macmillan Audio Books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_New_Writing" title="Macmillan New Writing">Macmillan New Writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collector%27s_Library" title="The Collector's Library">The Collector's Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Fischer_Verlag" title="S. Fischer Verlag">S. Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowohlt_Verlag" title="Rowohlt Verlag">Rowohlt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiepenheuer_%26_Witsch" title="Kiepenheuer & Witsch">Kiepenheuer & Witsch</a> (85%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droemer_Knaur" title="Droemer Knaur">Droemer Knaur</a> (50%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springer Nature</a> (53%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Apress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioMed_Central" title="BioMed Central">BioMed Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkh%C3%A4user" title="Birkhäuser">Birkhäuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Education" title="Macmillan Education">Macmillan Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_Research_academic_journals" title="Category:Nature Research academic journals">Journals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palgrave_Macmillan_academic_journals" title="Category:Palgrave Macmillan academic journals">Journals</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media_academic_journals" title="Category:Springer Science+Business Media academic journals">Journals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Gabler" title="Springer Gabler">Springer Gabler</a></li> <li>Springer Medizin <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%84rzte-Zeitung" title="Ärzte-Zeitung">Ärzte-Zeitung</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Vieweg_Verlag" title="Springer Vieweg Verlag">Springer Vieweg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21096327#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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