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electrodes array</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: CRSP electrodes array"> <meta name="keywords" content="CRSP electrodes array"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="CRSP electrodes array"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1234</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: CRSP electrodes array</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1234</span> Application of Electrical Resistivity, Induced Polarization and Statistical Methods in Chichak Iron Deposit Exploration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrzad%20Maghsoodi">Shahrzad Maghsoodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Ranazi"> Hamid Reza Ranazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is devoted to exploration of Chichak (hematite) deposit, using electrical resistivity, chargeability and statistical methods. Chichak hematite deposit is located in Chichak area west Azarbaijan, northwest of Iran. There are some outcrops of hematite bodies in the area. The goal of this study was to identify the depth, thickness and shape of these bodies and to explore other probabile hematite bodies. Therefore nine profiles were considered to be surveyed by RS and IP method by utilizing an innovative electrode array so called CRSP (Combined Resistivity Sounding and Profiling). IP and RS sections were completed along each profile. In addition, the RS and IP data were analyzed and relation between these two variables was determined by statistical tools. Finally, hematite bodies were identified in each of the sections. The results showed that hematite bodies have a resistivity lower than 125 Ωm and very low chargeability, lower than 8 mV⁄V. After geophysical study some points were proposed for drilling, results obtained from drilling confirm the geophysical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hematite%20deposit" title="Hematite deposit">Hematite deposit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iron%20exploration" title=" Iron exploration"> Iron exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electrical%20resistivity" title=" Electrical resistivity"> Electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chargeability" title=" Chargeability"> Chargeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chichak" title=" Chichak"> Chichak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Statistical" title=" Statistical"> Statistical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRSP%20electrodes%20array" title=" CRSP electrodes array"> CRSP electrodes array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171919/application-of-electrical-resistivity-induced-polarization-and-statistical-methods-in-chichak-iron-deposit-exploration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1233</span> Effects of Array Electrode Placement on Identifying Localised Muscle Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20R.%20Al-Mulla">Mohamed R. Al-Mulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bader%20Al-Bader"> Bader Al-Bader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firouz%20K.%20Ghaaedi"> Firouz K. Ghaaedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Sepulveda"> Francisco Sepulveda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface electromyography (sEMG) is utilised in numerous studies on muscle activity. In the beginning, single electrodes were utilised; however, the newest approach is to use an array of electrodes or a grid of electrodes to improve the accuracy of the recorded reading. This research focuses on electrode placement on the biceps brachii, using an array of electrodes placed longitudinal and diagonally on the muscle belly. Trials were conducted on four healthy males, with sEMG signal acquisition from fatiguing isometric contractions. The signal was analysed using the power spectrum density. The separation between the two classes of fatigue (non-fatigue and fatigue) was calculated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI). Results show that higher separability between the fatigue content of the sEMG signal when placed longitudinally, in the same direction as the muscle fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20electrodes" title="array electrodes">array electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii" title=" biceps brachii"> biceps brachii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20placement" title=" electrode placement"> electrode placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title=" EMG"> EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isometric%20contractions" title=" isometric contractions"> isometric contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793/effects-of-array-electrode-placement-on-identifying-localised-muscle-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1232</span> An Automated Sensor System for Cochlear Implants Electrode Array Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Hou">Lei Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinli%20Du"> Xinli Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Boulgouris"> Nikolaos Boulgouris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cochlear implant, referred to as a CI, is a small electronic device that can provide direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. During cochlear implant surgery, atraumatic electrode array insertion is considered to be a crucial step. However, during implantation, the mechanical behaviour of an electrode array inside the cochlea is not known. The behaviour of an electrode array inside of the cochlea is hardly identified by regular methods. In this study, a CI electrode array capacitive sensor system is proposed. It is able to automatically determine the array state as a result of the capacitance variations. Instead of applying sensors to the electrode array, the capacitance information from the electrodes will be gathered and analysed. Results reveal that this sensing method is capable of recognising different states when fed into a pre-shaped model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implant" title="cochlear implant">cochlear implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20preservation" title=" hearing preservation"> hearing preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insertion%20force" title=" insertion force"> insertion force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20sensing" title=" capacitive sensing"> capacitive sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147/an-automated-sensor-system-for-cochlear-implants-electrode-array-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1231</span> In-Vitro Evaluation of the Long-Term Stability of PEDOT:PSS Coated Microelectrodes for Chronic Recording and Electrical Stimulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Schander">A. Schander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Tessmann"> T. Tessmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Stemmann"> H. Stemmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Strokov"> S. Strokov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kreiter"> A. Kreiter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Lang"> W. Lang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the chronic application of neural prostheses and other brain-computer interfaces, long-term stable microelectrodes for electrical stimulation are essential. In recent years many developments were done to investigate different appropriate materials for these electrodes. One of these materials is the electrical conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which has lower impedance and higher charge injection capacity compared to noble metals like gold and platinum. However the long-term stability of this polymer is still unclear. Thus this paper reports on the in-vitro evaluation of the long-term stability of PEDOT coated gold microelectrodes. For this purpose a highly flexible electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode array, based on the polymer polyimide, is used. This array consists of circular gold electrodes with a diameter of 560 µm (0.25 mm2). In total 25 electrodes of this array were coated simultaneously with the polymer PEDOT:PSS in a cleanroom environment using a galvanostatic electropolymerization process. After the coating the array is additionally sterilized using a steam sterilization process (121°C, 1 bar, 20.5 min) to simulate autoclaving prior to the implantation of such an electrode array. The long-term measurements were performed in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, pH 7.4) at the constant body temperature of 37°C. For the in-vitro electrical stimulation a one channel bipolar current stimulator is used. The stimulation protocol consists of a bipolar current amplitude of 5 mA (cathodal phase first), a pulse duration of 100 µs per phase, a pulse pause of 50 µs and a frequency of 1 kHz. A PEDOT:PSS coated gold electrode with an area of 1 cm2 serves as the counter electrode. The electrical stimulation is performed continuously with a total amount of 86.4 million bipolar current pulses per day. The condition of the PEDOT coated electrodes is monitored in between with electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results of this study demonstrate that the PEDOT coated electrodes are stable for more than 3.6 billion bipolar current pulses. Also the unstimulated electrodes show currently no degradation after the time period of 5 months. These results indicate an appropriate long-term stability of this electrode coating for chronic recording and electrical stimulation. The long-term measurements are still continuing to investigate the life limit of this electrode coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20recording" title="chronic recording">chronic recording</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20stimulation" title=" electrical stimulation"> electrical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20stability" title=" long-term stability"> long-term stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microelectrodes" title=" microelectrodes"> microelectrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEDOT" title=" PEDOT"> PEDOT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38433/in-vitro-evaluation-of-the-long-term-stability-of-pedotpss-coated-microelectrodes-for-chronic-recording-and-electrical-stimulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1230</span> The Design of Broadband 8x2 Phased Array 5G Antenna MIMO 28 GHz for Base Station</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saiful%20Fadhil%20Reyhan">Muhammad Saiful Fadhil Reyhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusnita%20Rahayu"> Yusnita Rahayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadhel%20Muhammadsyah"> Fadhel Muhammadsyah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed a design of 16 elements, 8x2 linear fed patch antenna array with 16 ports, for 28 GHz, mm-wave band 5G for base station. The phased array covers along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in omnidirectional. The proposed antenna is designed RT Duroid 5880 substrate with the overall size of 85x35.6x0.787 mm<sup>3</sup>. The array is operating from 27.43 GHz to 28.34 GHz with a 910 MHz impedance bandwidth. The gain of the array is 18.3 dB, while the suppression of the side lobes is -1.0 dB. The main lobe direction of the array is 15 deg. The array shows a high array gain throughout the impedance bandwidth with overall of VSWR is below 1.12. The design will be proposed in single element and 16 elements antenna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G%20antenna" title="5G antenna">5G antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=28%20GHz" title=" 28 GHz"> 28 GHz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omnidirectional" title=" omnidirectional"> omnidirectional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased%20array" title=" phased array"> phased array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station" title=" base station"> base station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadband" title=" broadband"> broadband</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85986/the-design-of-broadband-8x2-phased-array-5g-antenna-mimo-28-ghz-for-base-station" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1229</span> Photovoltaic Array Cleaning System Design and Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghoname%20Abdullah">Ghoname Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidekazu%20Nishimura"> Hidekazu Nishimura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dust accumulation on the photovoltaic module's surface results in appreciable loss and negatively affects the generated power. Hence, in this paper, the design of a photovoltaic array cleaning system is presented. The cleaning system utilizes one drive motor, two guide rails, and four sweepers during the cleaning process. The cleaning system was experimentally implemented for one month to investigate its efficiency on PV array energy output. The energy capture over a month for PV array cleaned using the proposed cleaning system is compared with that of the energy capture using soiled PV array. The results show a 15% increase in energy generation from PV array with cleaning. From the results, investigating the optimal scheduling of the PV array cleaning could be an interesting research topic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleaning%20system" title="cleaning system">cleaning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20accumulation" title=" dust accumulation"> dust accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20array" title=" PV array"> PV array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20module" title=" PV module"> PV module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soiling" title=" soiling"> soiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136571/photovoltaic-array-cleaning-system-design-and-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1228</span> Porous Ni Electrodes Modified with Au Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20P%C3%A9rez-Herranz">V. Pérez-Herranz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Gonz%C3%A1lez-Buch"> C. González-Buch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Ortega"> E. M. Ortega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mestre"> S. Mestre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work new macroporous Ni electrodes modified with Au nanoparticles for hydrogen production have been developed. The supporting macroporous Ni electrodes have been obtained by means of the electrodeposition at high current densities. Then, the Au nanoparticles were synthesized and added to the electrode surface. The electrocatalytic behaviour of the developed electrocatalysts was studied by means of pseudo-steady-state polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and hydrogen discharge curves. The size of the Au synthetized nanoparticles shows a monomodal distribution, with a very sharp band between 10 and 50 nm. The characteristic parameters d10, d50 and d90 were 14, 20 and 31 nm respectively. From Tafel polarization data has been concluded that the Au nanoparticles improve the catalytic activity of the developed electrodes towards the HER respect to the macroporous Ni electrodes. EIS permits to obtain the electrochemically active area by means of the roughness factor value. All the developed electrodes show roughness factor values in the same order of magnitude. From the activation energy results it can be concluded that the Au nanoparticles improve the intrinsic catalytic activity of the macroporous Ni electrodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Au%20nano%20particles" title="Au nano particles">Au nano particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20evolution%20reaction" title=" hydrogen evolution reaction"> hydrogen evolution reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20Ni%20electrodes" title=" porous Ni electrodes"> porous Ni electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy "> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27355/porous-ni-electrodes-modified-with-au-nanoparticles-for-hydrogen-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1227</span> Effect of Electrodes Spacing on Energy Consumption of Electrocoagulation Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20S.%20Hashim">Khalid S. Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy%20Shaw"> Andy Shaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafid%20Al-Khaddar"> Rafid Al-Khaddar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrat%20Ortoneda%20Pedrola"> Montserrat Ortoneda Pedrola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In spite of the acknowledged advantages of the electrocoagulation (EC) method to remove a wide range of pollutants from waters and wastewaters, its efficiency is limited by several operational parameters (such as electrolysis time, current density, electrode material, distance between electrodes, and water temperature). Hence, optimizing these key operating parameters is considered a vital step to remove a pollutant efficiently. In this context, the present study has been carried out to explore the influence of electrodes spacing on energy consumption, temperature of the water being treated, and iron removal from water. To achieve this target, iron containing synthetic water samples were electrolysed for 20 min, using a new flow column electrocoagulation reactor (FCER), at three different gaps between electrodes (5, 10, and 20 mm). These batch experiments were commenced at a constant current density of 1.5 mA/cm² and initial pH of 6. The obtained results demonstrated that increasing gap between electrodes negatively influenced the performance of the EC method. It was found that increasing the gap between electrodes from 5 to 20 mm increased the energy consumption from about 3.3 to 7.3 kW.h/m³, and water temperature from 20.2 to 22 °C, respectively. In addition, it has been found, after 20 min of electrolysing, that increasing the gap between electrodes from 5 to 20 mm increased the residual iron concentration from 0.05 to 1.01 mg/L, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocoagulation" title="electrocoagulation">electrocoagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodes" title=" electrodes"> electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72173/effect-of-electrodes-spacing-on-energy-consumption-of-electrocoagulation-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1226</span> Rodriguez Diego, Del Valle Martin, Hargreaves Matias, Riveros Jose Luis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathainail%20Bashir">Nathainail Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Anderson"> Neil Anderson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study site was to investigate the current state of the practice with regards to karst detection methods and recommend the best method and pattern of arrays to acquire the desire results. Proper site investigation in karst prone regions is extremely valuable in determining the location of possible voids. Two geophysical techniques were employed: multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT).The MASW data was acquired at each test location using different array lengths and different array orientations (to increase the probability of getting interpretable data in karst terrain). The ERT data were acquired using a dipole-dipole array consisting of 168 electrodes. The MASW data was interpreted (re: estimated depth to physical top of rock) and used to constrain and verify the interpretation of the ERT data. The ERT data indicates poorer quality MASW data were acquired in areas where there was significant local variation in the depth to top of rock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipole-dipole" title="dipole-dipole">dipole-dipole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERT" title=" ERT"> ERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karst%20terrains" title=" Karst terrains"> Karst terrains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MASW" title=" MASW "> MASW </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58233/rodriguez-diego-del-valle-martin-hargreaves-matias-riveros-jose-luis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1225</span> Characterization of Graphene Oxide Coated Gold Electrodes for Bioimpedance Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20G%C3%BClden%20%C5%9Ei%CC%87m%C5%9Fek">Fatma Gülden Şi̇mşek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20Meli%CC%87h%20Can"> Osman Meli̇h Can</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Yumak"> Mehmet Yumak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bora%20Gari%CC%87pcan"> Bora Gari̇pcan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yekta%20%C3%9Clgen"> Yekta Ülgen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the impedance spectroscopy is used as a detection tool in order to characterize surface coating with graphene oxide. Gold electrodes are produced by standard lithography procedures and then coated with graphene oxide using self-assembly method. The impedance of redox solution through bare gold electrodes and graphene oxide coated gold electrodes is measured in the low and high frequency range. The graphene oxide coating reduces the impedance value of the gold electrode and this reduction is distinguishable in the low-frequency range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioimpedance" title="bioimpedance">bioimpedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20characterization" title=" electrode characterization"> electrode characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20electrodes" title=" gold electrodes"> gold electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" impedance spectroscopy"> impedance spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47355/characterization-of-graphene-oxide-coated-gold-electrodes-for-bioimpedance-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1224</span> A CMOS Capacitor Array for ESPAR with Fast Switching Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Sup%20Kim">Jin-Sup Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hwan%20Choi"> Se-Hwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Young%20Lee"> Jae-Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 8-bit CMOS capacitor array is designed for using in electrically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR). The proposed capacitor array shows the fast response time in rising and falling characteristics. Compared to other works in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) or silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technologies, it shows a comparable tuning range and switching time with low power consumption. Using the 0.18um CMOS, the capacitor array features a tuning range of 1.5 to 12.9 pF at 2.4GHz. Including the 2X4 decoder for control interface, the Chip size is 350um X 145um. Current consumption is about 80 nA at 1.8 V operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20capacitor%20array" title="CMOS capacitor array">CMOS capacitor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESPAR" title=" ESPAR"> ESPAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOI" title=" SOI"> SOI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOS" title=" SOS"> SOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20time" title=" switching time"> switching time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24058/a-cmos-capacitor-array-for-espar-with-fast-switching-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1223</span> Depth of Penetration and Nature of Interferential Current in Cutaneous, Subcutaneous and Muscle Tissues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Beatti">A. Beatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Chipchase"> L. Chipchase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rayner"> A. Rayner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Souvlis"> T. Souvlis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of this study were to investigate the depth of interferential current (IFC) penetration through soft tissue and to investigate the area over which IFC spreads during clinical application. Premodulated IFC and ‘true’ IFC at beat frequencies of 4, 40 and 90Hz were applied via four electrodes to the distal medial thigh of 15 healthy subjects. The current was measured via three Teflon coated fine needle electrodes that were inserted into the superficial layer of skin, then into the subcutaneous tissue (≈1 cm deep) and then into muscle tissue (≈2 cm deep). The needle electrodes were placed in the middle of the four IFC electrodes, between two channels and outside the four electrodes. Readings were taken at each tissue depth from each electrode during each treatment frequency then digitized and stored for analysis. All voltages were greater at all depths and locations than baseline (p < 0.01) and voltages decreased with depth (P=0.039). Lower voltages of all currents were recorded in the middle of the four electrodes with the highest voltage being recorded outside the four electrodes in all depths (P=0.000).For each frequency of ‘true’ IFC, the voltage was higher in the superficial layer outside the electrodes (P ≤ 0.01).Premodulated had higher voltages along the line of one circuit (P ≤ 0.01). Clinically, IFC appears to pass through skin layers to depth and is more efficient than premodulated IFC when targeting muscle tissue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrotherapy" title="electrotherapy">electrotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferential%20current" title=" interferential current"> interferential current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferential%20therapy" title=" interferential therapy"> interferential therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20frequency%20current" title=" medium frequency current"> medium frequency current</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20986/depth-of-penetration-and-nature-of-interferential-current-in-cutaneous-subcutaneous-and-muscle-tissues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1222</span> Enhanced Performance of an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Employing Graphene Modified Carbon Paper Electrodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barun%20Chakrabarti">Barun Chakrabarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Nir"> Dan Nir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Yufit"> Vladimir Yufit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20V.%20Aravind"> P. V. Aravind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20Brandon"> Nigel Brandon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuel cell grade gas-diffusion layer carbon paper (CP) electrodes are subjected to electrophoresis in N,N’-dimethylformamide (DMF) consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO modified electrodes are compared with CP in a single asymmetric all-vanadium redox battery system (employing a double serpentine flow channel for each half-cell). Peak power densities improved by 4% when the rGO deposits were facing the ion-exchange membrane (cell performance was poorer when the rGO was facing the flow field). Cycling of the cells showed least degradation of the CP electrodes that were coated with rGO in comparison to pristine samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-vanadium%20redox%20flow%20batteries" title="all-vanadium redox flow batteries">all-vanadium redox flow batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20paper%20electrodes" title=" carbon paper electrodes"> carbon paper electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophoretic%20deposition" title=" electrophoretic deposition"> electrophoretic deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20graphene%20oxide" title=" reduced graphene oxide"> reduced graphene oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71118/enhanced-performance-of-an-all-vanadium-redox-flow-battery-employing-graphene-modified-carbon-paper-electrodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1221</span> Electrochemical Studies of Nickel Nanoparticles Decorated the Surface of Some Conducting Polymers for Glucose Oxidation in Biofuel Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Khalifa">Z. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Hassan"> K. M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdel%20Azzem"> M. Abdel Azzem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potential strategies for deriving useful forms of renewable high density energy from abundant energy stored in carbohydrates is direct conversion of glucose (GLU) to electrical power. A three novel versatile modified electrodes, synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of organic monomers on glassy carbon electrodes (GC), have been developed for biofuel cells results in stable and long-term power production. Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline solution on conducting polymers electrodes modified by incorporation of Ni nanoparticles (NiNPs) onto poly(1,5-aminonaphthalene) (1,5-PDAN), poly(1,8-diaminonaphthalene) (1,8-PDAN) and poly(1-amino-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone) (PAMAQ) was investigated. The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at NiNPs-modified 1,5-PDAN/GC, 1,8-PDAN/GC and PAMAQ/GC electrodes has been studied using voltammetry technique. The PDAN electrodes show a slight activity in the potential of interest. The prepared NiNPs/PAMAQ/GC catalyst showed a very interesting catalytic activity that was nicely comparable to the NiNPs/1,5-PDAN/GC, NiNPs/1,8-PDAN/GC modified electrodes. In advance, both shows a significant more catalytic activity compared to the reported data for electrodes for glucose electrocatalytic oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel%20cells" title="biofuel cells">biofuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20oxidation" title=" glucose oxidation"> glucose oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysis" title=" electrocatalysis"> electrocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles%20and%20modified%20electrodes" title=" nanoparticles and modified electrodes"> nanoparticles and modified electrodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48325/electrochemical-studies-of-nickel-nanoparticles-decorated-the-surface-of-some-conducting-polymers-for-glucose-oxidation-in-biofuel-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1220</span> Thinned Elliptical Cylindrical Antenna Array Synthesis Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Bera">Rajesh Bera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Durbadal%20Mandal"> Durbadal Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajib%20Kar"> Rajib Kar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakti%20P.%20Ghoshal"> Sakti P. Ghoshal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes optimal thinning of an Elliptical Cylindrical Array (ECA) of uniformly excited isotropic antennas which can generate directive beam with minimum relative Side Lobe Level (SLL). The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, which represents a new approach for optimization problems in electromagnetic, is used in the optimization process. The PSO is used to determine the optimal set of ‘ON-OFF’ elements that provides a radiation pattern with maximum SLL reduction. Optimization is done without prefixing the value of First Null Beam Width (FNBW). The variation of SLL with element spacing of thinned array is also reported. Simulation results show that the number of array elements can be reduced by more than 50% of the total number of elements in the array with a simultaneous reduction in SLL to less than -27dB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinned%20array" title="thinned array">thinned array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization" title=" Particle Swarm Optimization"> Particle Swarm Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elliptical%20Cylindrical%20Array" title=" Elliptical Cylindrical Array"> Elliptical Cylindrical Array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Side%20Lobe%20Label." title=" Side Lobe Label."> Side Lobe Label.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4068/thinned-elliptical-cylindrical-antenna-array-synthesis-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1219</span> Developing Biocompatible Iridium Oxide Electrodes for Bone-Guided Extra-Cochlear Implant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Shan%20Lu">Yung-Shan Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Fone%20Lee"> Chia-Fone Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shang-Hsuan%20Li"> Shang-Hsuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Hao%20Liu"> Chien-Hao Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, various bioelectronic devices have been developed for neurologic disease treatments via electro-stimulations such as cochlear implants and retinal prosthesis. Since the electric signal needs electrodes to be transmitted to an organism, electrodes play an important role of stimulations. The materials of stimulation electrodes affect the efficiency of the delivered currents. The higher the efficiency of the electrodes, the lower the threshold current can be used to stimulate the organism which minimizes the potential damages to the adjacent tissues. In this study, we proposed a biocompatible composite electrode composed of high-charge-capacity iridium oxide (IrOₓ) film for a bone-guide extra-cochlear implant. IrOₓ was exploited to decrease the threshold current due to its high capacitance and low impedance. The IrOₓ electrode was fabricated via microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) photolithography and examined with in-vivo tests with guinea pigs. Based on the measured responses of brain waves to sound, the results demonstrated that IrOₓ electrodes have a lower threshold current compared with the Platinum (Pt) electrodes. The research results are expected to be beneficial for implantable and biocompatible electrodes for electrical stimulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implants" title="cochlear implants">cochlear implants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20stimulation" title=" electrical stimulation"> electrical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iridium%20oxide" title=" iridium oxide"> iridium oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100114/developing-biocompatible-iridium-oxide-electrodes-for-bone-guided-extra-cochlear-implant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1218</span> Studies on the Feasibility of Cow Dung as a Non-Conventional Energy Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar%20Rajak">Raj Kumar Rajak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Mishra"> Bharat Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bio-batteries represent an entirely new long-term, reasonable, reachable and ecofriendly approach to produce sustainable energy. In the present experimental work, we have studied the effect of generation of power by bio-battery using different electrode pairs. The tests show that it is possible to generate electricity using cow dung as an electrolyte. C-Mg electrode pair shows maximum voltage and SCC (Short Circuit Current) while C-Zn electrode pair shows less OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) and SCC. We have chosen C-Zn electrodes because Mg electrodes are not economical. By the studies of different electrodes and cow dung, it is found that C-Zn electrode battery is more suitable. This result shows that the bio-batteries have the potency to full fill the need of electricity demand for lower energy equipment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-batteries" title="bio-batteries">bio-batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title=" electricity"> electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cow-dung" title=" cow-dung"> cow-dung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodes" title=" electrodes"> electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conventional" title=" non-conventional"> non-conventional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82579/studies-on-the-feasibility-of-cow-dung-as-a-non-conventional-energy-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1217</span> 60 GHz Multi-Sector Antenna Array with Switchable Radiation-Beams for Small Cell 5G Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ojaroudi%20Parchin">N. Ojaroudi Parchin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jahanbakhsh%20Basherlou"> H. Jahanbakhsh Basherlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Al-Yasir"> Y. Al-Yasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Abdulkhaleq"> A. M. Abdulkhaleq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Abd-Alhameed"> R. A. Abd-Alhameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Excell"> P. S. Excell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compact design of multi-sector patch antenna array for 60 GHz applications is presented and discussed in details. The proposed design combines five 1×8 linear patch antenna arrays, referred to as sectors, in a multi-sector configuration. The coaxial-fed radiation elements of the multi-sector array are designed on 0.2 mm Rogers RT5880 dielectrics. The array operates in the frequency range of 58-62 GHz and provides switchable directional/omnidirectional radiation beams with high gain and high directivity characteristics. The designed multi-sector array exhibits good performances and could be used in the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mm-wave%20communications" title="mm-wave communications">mm-wave communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-sector%20array" title=" multi-sector array"> multi-sector array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20antenna" title=" patch antenna"> patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cell%20networks" title=" small cell networks"> small cell networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111450/60-ghz-multi-sector-antenna-array-with-switchable-radiation-beams-for-small-cell-5g-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1216</span> PIN-Diode Based Slotted Reconfigurable Multiband Antenna Array for Vehicular Communication </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Upadhyay">Gaurav Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nand%20Kishore"> Nand Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Ranjan"> Prashant Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivesh%20Tripathi"> Shivesh Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Tripathi"> V. S. Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a patch antenna array design is proposed for vehicular communication. The antenna consists of 2-element patch array. The antenna array is operating at multiple frequency bands. The multiband operation is achieved by use of slots at proper locations at the patch. The array is made reconfigurable by use of two PIN-diodes. The antenna is simulated and measured in four states of diodes i.e. ON-ON, ON-OFF, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF. In ON-ON state of diodes, the resonant frequencies are 4.62-4.96, 6.50-6.75, 6.90-7.01, 7.34-8.22, 8.89-9.09 GHz. In ON-OFF state of diodes, the measured resonant frequencies are 4.63-4.93, 6.50-6.70 and 7.81-7.91 GHz. In OFF-ON states of diodes the resonant frequencies are 1.24-1.46, 3.40-3.75, 5.07-5.25 and 6.90-7.20 GHz and in the OFF-OFF state of diodes 4.49-4.75 and 5.61-5.98 GHz. The maximum bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 16.29%. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.4 dB at 5.9 GHz, which makes it suitable for vehicular communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title="antenna">antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array" title=" array"> array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable" title=" reconfigurable"> reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular" title=" vehicular"> vehicular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090/pin-diode-based-slotted-reconfigurable-multiband-antenna-array-for-vehicular-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1215</span> Hybrid Antenna Array with the Bowtie Elements for Super-Resolution and 3D Scanning Radars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Komeylian">Somayeh Komeylian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The antenna arrays for the entire 3D spherical coverage have been developed for their potential use in variety of applications such as radars and body-worn devices of the body area networks. In this study, we have rigorously revamped the hybrid antenna array using the optimum geometry of bowtie elements for achieving a significant improvement in the angular discrimination capability as well as in separating two adjacent targets. In this scenario, we have analogously investigated the effectiveness of increasing the virtual array length in fostering and enhancing the directivity and angular resolution in the 10 GHz frequency. The simulation results have extensively verified that the proposed antenna array represents a drastic enhancement in terms of size, directivity, side lobe level (SLL) and, especially resolution compared with the other available geometries. We have also verified that the maximum directivities of the proposed hybrid antenna array represent the robustness to the all  variations, which is accompanied by the uniform 3D scanning characteristic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bowtie%20antenna" title="bowtie antenna">bowtie antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20antenna%20array" title=" hybrid antenna array"> hybrid antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20signal%20processing" title=" array signal processing"> array signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20area%20networks" title=" body area networks"> body area networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128821/hybrid-antenna-array-with-the-bowtie-elements-for-super-resolution-and-3d-scanning-radars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1214</span> Study on Discontinuity Properties of Phased-Array Ultrasound Transducer Affecting to Sound Pressure Fields Pattern</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Trong%20Thang">Tran Trong Thang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Phan%20Kien"> Nguyen Phan Kien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trinh%20Quang%20Duc"> Trinh Quang Duc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phased-array ultrasound transducer types are utilities for medical ultrasonography as well as optical imaging. However, their discontinuity characteristic limits the applications due to the artifacts contaminated into the reconstructed images. Because of the effects of the ultrasound pressure field pattern to the echo ultrasonic waves as well as the optical modulated signal, the side lobes of the focused ultrasound beam induced by discontinuity of the phased-array ultrasound transducer might the reason of the artifacts. In this paper, a simple method in approach of numerical simulation was used to investigate the limitation of discontinuity of the elements in phased-array ultrasound transducer and their effects to the ultrasound pressure field. Take into account the change of ultrasound pressure field patterns in the conditions of variation of the pitches between elements of the phased-array ultrasound transducer, the appropriated parameters for phased-array ultrasound transducer design were asserted quantitatively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased-array%20ultrasound%20transducer" title="phased-array ultrasound transducer">phased-array ultrasound transducer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20pressure%20pattern" title=" sound pressure pattern"> sound pressure pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinuous%20sound%20field" title=" discontinuous sound field"> discontinuous sound field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20visualization" title=" numerical visualization"> numerical visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15171/study-on-discontinuity-properties-of-phased-array-ultrasound-transducer-affecting-to-sound-pressure-fields-pattern" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1213</span> Angle of Arrival Estimation Using Maximum Likelihood Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olomon%20Wu">Olomon Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung%20Lu"> Hung Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nick%20Wilkins"> Nick Wilkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Kerr"> Daniel Kerr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zekeriya%20Aliyazicioglu"> Zekeriya Aliyazicioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20K.%20Hwang"> H. K. Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar has received increasing attention in recent years. MIMO radar has many advantages over conventional phased array radar such as target detection, resolution enhancement, and interference suppression. In this paper, the results are presented from a simulation study of MIMO Uniformly-Spaced Linear Array (ULA) antennas. The performance is investigated under varied parameters, including varied array size, Pseudo Random (PN) sequence length, number of snapshots, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The results of MIMO are compared to a traditional array antenna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO%20radar" title="MIMO radar">MIMO radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased%20array%20antenna" title=" phased array antenna"> phased array antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20detection" title=" target detection"> target detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar%20signal%20processing" title=" radar signal processing"> radar signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2469/angle-of-arrival-estimation-using-maximum-likelihood-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1212</span> Faulty Sensors Detection in Planar Array Antenna Using Pelican Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafqat%20Ullah%20Khan">Shafqat Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Nasir"> Ammar Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using planar antenna array (PAA) in radars, Broadcasting, satellite antennas, and sonar for the detection of targets, Helps provide instant beam pattern control. High flexibility and Adaptability are achieved by multiple beam steering by using a Planar array and are particularly needed in real-life Sanrio’s where the need arises for several high-directivity beams. Faulty sensors in planar arrays generate asymmetry, which leads to service degradation, radiation pattern distortion, and increased levels of sidelobe. The POA, a nature-inspired optimization algorithm, accurately determines faulty sensors within an array, enhancing the reliability and performance of planar array antennas through extensive simulations and experiments. The analysis was done for different types of faults in 7 x 7 and 8 x 8 planar arrays in MATLAB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Planar%20antenna%20array" title="Planar antenna array">Planar antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pelican%20optimisation%20Algorithm" title=" Pelican optimisation Algorithm"> Pelican optimisation Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faculty%20sensor" title=" Faculty sensor"> Faculty sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antenna%20arrays" title=" Antenna arrays"> Antenna arrays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186381/faulty-sensors-detection-in-planar-array-antenna-using-pelican-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1211</span> Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20Sakr">I. M. Sakr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20M.%20Abdelsalam"> Ali M. Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ibrahim"> K. A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20El-Askary"> W. A. El-Askary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental study for hydrogen production using alkaline water electrolysis operated by solar energy. Two methods are used and compared for separation between the cathode and anode, which are acrylic separator and polymeric membrane. Further, the effects of electrolyte concentration, solar insolation, and space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of hydrogen produced and consequently on the overall electrolysis efficiency are investigated. It is found that the rate of hydrogen production increases using the polymeric membrane installed between the electrodes. The experimental results show also that, the performance of alkaline water electrolysis unit is dominated by the electrolyte concentration and the gap between the electrodes. Smaller gaps between the pair of electrodes are demonstrated to produce higher rates of hydrogen with higher system efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title="hydrogen production">hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20electrolysis" title=" water electrolysis"> water electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62050/hydrogen-production-using-solar-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1210</span> AC Electro-Kinetics, Bipolar Current and Concentration-Polarization in a Microchannel-Nafion Membrane System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinwook%20Park">Sinwook Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilad%20Yossifon"> Gilad Yossifon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence of a floating electrode array located within the depletion layer formed due to concentration-polarization (CP) across a microchannel-membrane device, produces not only induced-charge electro-osmosis (ICEO) vortex and but also a bipolar current resulting from faradaic reactions. It has been shown that there exists an optimal SiO2 layer thickness of ~50nm which is sufficient to suppress bipolar currents (at least up to 5V applied voltage) but still enables ICEO vortices that stir the depletion layer, thereby affecting its I-V response. This effect is pronounced beyond the limiting current where the existence of the depletion layer results in increased local electric field due to decreased solution conductivity. This comprehensive study of the interaction of embedded electrodes with the induced CP in microchannel-perm selective medium systems, allows one to choose the thickness of the thin dielectric coating to either enhance the mixing as a means to control the diffuse layer, or suppress it, for example, in the case where electrodes are intended for local measurements of the solution conductivity with minimal invasion. In addition, the use of alternating-current electro-osmosis by activating electrodes results in further enhancement of the fluid stirring and opens new routes for on-demand spatiotemporal control of the CP length. In addition, the use of embedded heaters within the depletion layer generates electro-thermal vortices that in turn also control the CP length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC%20electrokinetics" title="AC electrokinetics">AC electrokinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel" title=" microchannel"> microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration-polarization" title=" concentration-polarization"> concentration-polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipolar%20current" title=" bipolar current "> bipolar current </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50897/ac-electro-kinetics-bipolar-current-and-concentration-polarization-in-a-microchannel-nafion-membrane-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1209</span> Mathematical Model for Progressive Phase Distribution of Ku-band Reflectarray Antennas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Ismail">M. Y. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Inam"> M. Inam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20M.%20Zain"> A. F. M. Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Misran"> N. Misran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Progressive phase distribution is an important consideration in reflect array antenna design which is required to form a planar wave in front of the reflect array aperture. This paper presents a detailed mathematical model in order to determine the required reflection phase values from individual element of a reflect array designed in Ku-band frequency range. The proposed technique of obtaining reflection phase can be applied for any geometrical design of elements and is independent of number of array elements. Moreover the model also deals with the solution of reflect array antenna design with both centre and off-set feed configurations. The theoretical modeling has also been implemented for reflect arrays constructed on 0.508 mm thickness of different dielectric substrates. The results show an increase in the slope of the phase curve from 4.61°/mm to 22.35°/mm by varying the material properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title="mathematical modeling">mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20phase%20distribution" title=" progressive phase distribution"> progressive phase distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflect%20array%20antenna" title=" reflect array antenna"> reflect array antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection%20phase" title=" reflection phase"> reflection phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1426/mathematical-model-for-progressive-phase-distribution-of-ku-band-reflectarray-antennas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1208</span> Performance Evaluation of a Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antenna Using Circularly Polarized Elements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawad%20Asfour">Rawad Asfour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salam%20Khamas"> Salam Khamas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20A.%20Ball"> Edward A. Ball</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is focused on the design of an mm-wave phased array. To date, linear polarization is adapted in the reported designs of phased arrays. However, linear polarization faces several well-known challenges. As such, an advanced design for phased array antennas is required that offers circularly polarized (CP) radiation. A feasible solution for achieving CP phased array antennas is proposed using open-circular loop antennas. To this end, a 3-element circular loop phased array antenna is designed to operate at 28GHz. In addition, the array ability to control the direction of the main lobe is investigated. The results show that the highest achievable field of view (FOV) is 100°, i.e., 50° to the left and 50° to the right-hand side directions. The results are achieved with a CP bandwidth of 15%. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that a high broadside gain of circa 11 dBi can be achieved for the steered beam. Besides, a radiation efficiency of 97 % can also be achieved based on the proposed design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loop%20antenna" title="loop antenna">loop antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased%20array" title=" phased array"> phased array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20steering" title=" beam steering"> beam steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide%20bandwidth" title=" wide bandwidth"> wide bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarization" title=" circular polarization"> circular polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CST" title=" CST"> CST</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139077/performance-evaluation-of-a-millimeter-wave-phased-array-antenna-using-circularly-polarized-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1207</span> Design, Modeling and Analysis of 2×2 Microstrip Patch Antenna Array System for 5G Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Kumar%20K.%20S.">Vinay Kumar K. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shravani%20V."> Shravani V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spoorthi%20G."> Spoorthi G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udith%20K.%20S."> Udith K. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20T.%20M."> Divya T. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkatesha%20M."> Venkatesha M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the mathematical modeling, design and analysis of a 2×2 microstrip patch antenna array (MSPA) antenna configuration is presented. Array utilizes a tiny strip antenna module with two vertical slots for 5G applications at an operating frequency of 5.3 GHz. The proposed array of antennas where the phased array antenna systems (PAAS) are used ubiquitously everywhere, from defense radar applications to commercial applications like 5G/6G. Microstrip patch antennae with slot arrays for linear polarisation parallel and perpendicular to the axis, respectively, are fed through transverse slots in the side wall of the circular waveguide and fed through longitudinal slots in the small wall of the rectangular waveguide. The microstrip patch antenna is developed using Ansys HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator), this simulation tool. The maximum gain of 6.14 dB is achieved at 5.3 GHz for a single MSPA. For 2×2 array structure, a gain of 7.713 dB at 5.3 GHz is observed. Such antennas find many applications in 5G devices and technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansys%20HFSS" title="Ansys HFSS">Ansys HFSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain" title=" gain"> gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20loss" title=" return loss"> return loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20array" title=" slot array"> slot array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20patch%20antenna" title=" microstrip patch antenna"> microstrip patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G%20antenna" title=" 5G antenna"> 5G antenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166157/design-modeling-and-analysis-of-22-microstrip-patch-antenna-array-system-for-5g-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1206</span> Reduction of Wear via Hardfacing of Rotavator Blades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjinder%20Singh%20Randhawa">Gurjinder Singh Randhawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonny%20Garg"> Jonny Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhraj%20Singh"> Sukhraj Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurmeet%20Singh%20Cheema"> Gurmeet Singh Cheema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A major problem related to the use of rotavator is wear of rotavator blades due to abrasion by soil hard particles, as it seriously affects tillage quality and agricultural production economy. The objective of this study was to increase the wear resistance by covering the rotavator blades with two different hard facing electrodes. These blades are generally produced from low carbon or low alloy steel. During the field work i.e. preparing land for the cultivation these blades are subjected to severe wear conditions. Comparative wear tests on a regular rotavator blade and two kinds of hardfacing with electrodes were conducted in the field. These two different hardfacing electrodes, which are designated HARD ALLOY-400 and HARD ALLOY-650, were used for hardfacing. The wear rate in the field tests was found to be significantly different statistically. When the cost is taken into consideration; HARD ALLOY-650 and HARD ALLOY-400 have been found to be the best hardfacing electrodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardfacing" title="hardfacing">hardfacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotavator%20blades" title=" rotavator blades"> rotavator blades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20alloy-400" title=" hard alloy-400"> hard alloy-400</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasive%20wear" title=" abrasive wear"> abrasive wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52466/reduction-of-wear-via-hardfacing-of-rotavator-blades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1205</span> Study of Electrocoagulation on the Elimination of Chromium in Waste Water From an Electroplating Bath Using Aluminium Electrodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Ahmed">Salim Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrocoagulation has proven its effectiveness in industrial effluent treatment by eliminating pollutants, particularly metallic ones. The electrochemical processes that occur at aluminium electrodes give excellent performance. In this work, electrocoagulation tests were carried out on an industrial effluent from an electroplating bath located in Casablanca (Morocco). The aim was to remove chromium and reuse the purified water for other purposes within the company. To this end, we have optimised the operating parameters that affect the efficiency of electrocoagulation, such as electrical voltage, electrode material, stirring speed and distance between electrodes. We also evaluated these parameters. The effect on pH, conductivity, turbidity and chromium concentration. The tests were carried out in a perfectly stirred reactor on an industrial solution rich in chromium. The effluent concentration was 1000 mg/L of Cr6+. Chromium removal efficiency was determined for the following operating conditions: aluminium electrodes, regulated voltage of 6 volts and 12 volts, optimum stirring speed of 600 rpm and distance between electrodes of 2 cm. The sludge produced by electrocoagulation was characterised by X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title="wastewater">wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title=" chromium"> chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocoagulation" title=" electrocoagulation"> electrocoagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title=" aluminium"> aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20hydroxide" title=" aluminium hydroxide"> aluminium hydroxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171096/study-of-electrocoagulation-on-the-elimination-of-chromium-in-waste-water-from-an-electroplating-bath-using-aluminium-electrodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRSP%20electrodes%20array&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRSP%20electrodes%20array&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRSP%20electrodes%20array&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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