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loads</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: combined loads"> <meta name="keywords" content="combined loads"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="combined loads"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3628</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: combined loads</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3628</span> The Impact of Combined Loading on Lateral Capacity and Group Efficiency of Helical Piles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20Hamdy%20Abdulmohsen">Hesham Hamdy Abdulmohsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shawky%20Abdel%20Aziz"> Ahmed Shawky Abdel Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Fawzy%20Aldaghma"> Mona Fawzy Aldaghma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Helical piles have gained significant attention as efficient alternatives for deep foundations due to their rapid installation process and dual functionality in compression and tension. They experience various combinations of axial and lateral loads. While extensive research has explored helical pile behavior under individual axial or lateral loads, the effects of combined axial compression and lateral loads still need further study. This paper compares experimental and numerical (PLAXIS-3D) results for vertical helical-pile groups under combined loads. The study aims to clarify the impact of key factors, including helix location and lateral load direction, on the lateral capacity of helical-pile groups and, consequently, their overall efficiency. The study concludes that the lateral capacity of the helical-pile group significantly depends on the helix location within the pile shaft length. Optimal lateral performance occurs when helices are positioned at a depth ratio of H/L = 0.4. Furthermore, rectangular plan distribution groups exhibit greater lateral capacity when subjected to lateral loads aligned with their long axis. The presence of vertical compression loading enhances the lateral capacity of the group, with the specific enhancement depending on the value of the vertical compression load, lateral load direction, and helix location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title="experimental">experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20model" title=" numerical model"> numerical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loading" title=" lateral loading"> lateral loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20efficiency" title=" group efficiency"> group efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helical%20piles" title=" helical piles"> helical piles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190044/the-impact-of-combined-loading-on-lateral-capacity-and-group-efficiency-of-helical-piles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3627</span> Lateral Capacity of Helical-Pile Groups Subjected to Bearing Combined Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20Hamdy%20Abdelmohsen">Hesham Hamdy Abdelmohsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shawky%20Abdul%20Azizb"> Ahmed Shawky Abdul Azizb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Fawzy%20Aldaghma"> Mona Fawzy Aldaghma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Helical piles have earned considerable attention as an effective deep foundation alternative due to their rapid installation process and their dual purpose in compression and tension. These piles find common uses as foundations for structures like solar panels, wind turbines, offshore platforms, and some kinds of retaining walls. These structures usually transfer different combinations of loads to their helical-pile foundations in the form of axial and lateral loads. Extensive research has been conducted to investigate and understand the behavior of these piles under the influence of either axial or lateral loads. However, the impacts of loading patterns that may act on the helical piles as combinations of axial compression and lateral loads still need more efforts of research work. This paper presents the results of an experimental (Lab tests) and numerical (PLAXIS-3D) study performed on vertical helical-pile groups under the action of combined loads as axial compression (bearing loads), acting successively with lateral (horizontal) loads. The study aims to clarify the effects of key factors, like helix location and direction of lateral load, on the lateral capacity of helical-pile groups and, consequently, on group efficiency. Besides the variation of helix location and lateral load direction, three patterns of successive bearing combined loads were considered, in which the axial vertical compression load was either zero, V1 or V2, whereas the lateral horizontal loads were varied under each vertical compression load. The study concluded that the lateral capacity of the helical-pile group is significantly affected by helix location within the length of the pile shaft. The optimal lateral performance is achieved with helices at a depth ratio of H/L = 0.4. Furthermore, groups of rectangular plan distribution exhibit greater lateral capacity if subjected to lateral horizontal load in the direction of its long axis. Additionally, the research emphasizes that the presence of vertical compression loading can enhance the lateral capacity of the group. This enhancement depends on the value of the vertical compression load, lateral load direction, and helix location, which highlights the complex interaction effect of these factors on the efficiency of helical-pile groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helical%20piles" title="helical piles">helical piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title=" experimental"> experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical" title=" numerical"> numerical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loading" title=" lateral loading"> lateral loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20efficiency" title=" group efficiency"> group efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189201/lateral-capacity-of-helical-pile-groups-subjected-to-bearing-combined-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3626</span> Structural Behavior of Incomplete Box Girder Bridges Subjected to Unpredicted Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20H.%20N.%20Gashti">E. H. N. Gashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Razzaghi"> J. Razzaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kujala"> K. Kujala </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In general, codes and regulations consider seismic loads only for completed structures of the bridges while, evaluation of incomplete structure of bridges, especially those constructed by free cantilever method, under these loads is also of great importance. Hence, this research tried to study the behavior of incomplete structure of common bridge type (box girder bridge), in construction phase under vertical seismic loads. Subsequently, the paper provided suitable guidelines and solutions to withstand this destructive phenomena. Research results proved that use of preventive methods can significantly reduce the stresses resulted from vertical seismic loads in box cross sections to an acceptable range recommended by design codes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20girder%20bridges" title="box girder bridges">box girder bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prestress%20loads" title=" prestress loads"> prestress loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20cantilever%20method" title=" free cantilever method"> free cantilever method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20loads" title=" seismic loads"> seismic loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20phase" title=" construction phase"> construction phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16487/structural-behavior-of-incomplete-box-girder-bridges-subjected-to-unpredicted-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3625</span> Effect of Wind Braces to Earthquake Resistance of Steel Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gokdemir">H. Gokdemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All structures are subject to vertical and lateral loads. Under these loads, structures make deformations and deformation values of structural elements mustn't exceed their capacity for structural stability. Especially, lateral loads cause critical deformations because of their random directions and magnitudes. Wind load is one of the lateral loads which can act in any direction and any magnitude. Although wind has nearly no effect on reinforced concrete structures, it must be considered for steel structures, roof systems and slender structures like minarets. Therefore, every structure must be able to resist wind loads acting parallel and perpendicular to any side. One of the effective methods for resisting lateral loads is assembling cross steel elements between columns which are called as wind bracing. These cross elements increases lateral rigidity of a structure and prevent exceeding of deformation capacity of the structural system. So, this means cross elements are also effective in resisting earthquake loads too. In this paper; Effects of wind bracing to earthquake resistance of structures are studied. Structure models (with and without wind bracing) are generated and these models are solved under both earthquake and wind loads with different seismic zone parameters. It is concluded by the calculations that; in low-seismic risk zones, wind bracing can easily resist earthquake loads and no additional reinforcement for earthquake loads is necessary. Similarly; in high-seismic risk zones, earthquake cross elements resist wind loads too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20bracings" title="wind bracings">wind bracings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structures" title=" steel structures"> steel structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20lateral%20loads" title=" vertical and lateral loads"> vertical and lateral loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23581/effect-of-wind-braces-to-earthquake-resistance-of-steel-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3624</span> Influence of Loading Pattern and Shaft Rigidity on Laterally Loaded Helical Piles in Cohesion-Less Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hesham%20Hamdy%20Abdelmohsen">Mohamed Hesham Hamdy Abdelmohsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shawky%20Abdul%20Aziz"> Ahmed Shawky Abdul Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Fawzy%20Al-Daghma"> Mona Fawzy Al-Daghma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Helical piles are widely used as axially and laterally loaded deep foundations. Once they are required to resist bearing combined loads (BCLs), as axial compression and lateral thrust, different behaviour is expected, necessitating further investigation. The objective of the present article is to clarify the behaviour of a single helical pile of different shaft rigidity embedded in cohesion-less soil and subjected to simultaneous or successive loading patterns of BCLs. The study was first developed analytically and extended numerically. The numerical analysis was further verified through a laboratory experimental program on a set of helical pile models. The results indicate highly interactive effects of the studied parameters, but it is obviously confirmed that the pile performance increases with both the increase of shaft rigidity and the change of BCLs loading pattern from simultaneous to successive. However, it is noted that the increase of vertical load does not always enhance the lateral capacity but may cause a decrement in lateral capacity, as observed with helical piles of flexible shafts. This study provides insightful information for the design of helical piles in structures loaded by complex sequence of forces, wind turbines, and industrial shafts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helical%20pile" title="helical pile">helical pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loads" title=" lateral loads"> lateral loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads" title=" combined loads"> combined loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion-less%20soil" title=" cohesion-less soil"> cohesion-less soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical" title=" analytical"> analytical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical" title=" numerical"> numerical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186412/influence-of-loading-pattern-and-shaft-rigidity-on-laterally-loaded-helical-piles-in-cohesion-less-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3623</span> Structural Behavior of Composite Hollow RC Column under Combined Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Qader%20Melhm">Abdul Qader Melhm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Elrafidi"> Hussein Elrafidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is dealing with studying the structural behavior of a steel-composite hollow reinforced concrete (RC) column model under combined eccentric loading. The composite model consists of an inner steel tube surrounded via a concrete core with longitudinal and circular transverse reinforcement. The radius of gyration according to American and Euro specifications be calculated, in order to calculate the thinnest ratio for this type of composite column model, in addition to the flexural rigidity. Formulas for interaction diagram is given for this type of model, which is a general loading conditions in which an element is exposed to an axial load with bending at the same time. The structural capacity of this model, elastic, plastic loads and strains will be computed and compared with experimental results. The total eccentric axial load of the column model is calculated based on the effective length KL available from several relationships provided in the paper. Furthermore, the inner tube experiences buckling failure after reaching its maximum strength will be investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column" title="column">column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentric" title=" eccentric"> eccentric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner%20tube" title=" inner tube"> inner tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141136/structural-behavior-of-composite-hollow-rc-column-under-combined-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3622</span> Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Cohesionless Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Arora">V. K. Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraj%20Prakash"> Suraj Prakash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile foundations are provided to transfer the vertical and horizontal loads of superstructures like high rise buildings, bridges, offshore structures etc. to the deep strata in the soil. These vertical and horizontal loads are due to the loads coming from the superstructure and wind, water thrust, earthquake, and earth pressure, respectively. In a pile foundation, piles are used in groups. Vertical piles in a group of piles are more efficient to take vertical loads as compared to horizontal loads and when the horizontal load per pile exceeds the bearing capacity of the vertical piles in that case batter piles are used with vertical piles because batter piles can take more lateral loads than vertical piles. In this paper, a model study was conducted on three vertical pile group with single positive and negative battered pile subjected to lateral loads. The batter angle for battered piles was ±35◦ with the vertical axis. Piles were spaced at 2.5d (d=diameter of pile) to each other. The soil used for model test was cohesionless soil. Lateral loads were applied in three stages on all the pile groups individually and it was found that under the repeated action of lateral loading, the deflection of the piles increased under the same loading. After comparing the results, it was found that the pile group with positive batter pile fails at 28 kgf and the pile group with negative batter pile fails at 24 kgf so it shows that positive battered piles are stronger than the negative battered piles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20piles" title="vertical piles">vertical piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20battered%20piles" title=" positive battered piles"> positive battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20battered%20piles" title=" negative battered piles"> negative battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesionless%20soil" title=" cohesionless soil"> cohesionless soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loads" title=" lateral loads"> lateral loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20test" title=" model test"> model test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428/behaviour-of-laterally-loaded-pile-groups-in-cohesionless-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3621</span> Kernel Parallelization Equation for Identifying Structures under Unknown and Periodic Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Sadegh%20Naseralavi">Seyed Sadegh Naseralavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a Kernel parallelization equation for damage identification in structures under unknown periodic excitations. Herein, the dynamic differential equation of the motion of structure is viewed as a mapping from displacements to external forces. Utilizing this viewpoint, a new method for damage detection in structures under periodic loads is presented. The developed method requires only two periods of load. The method detects the damages without finding the input loads. The method is based on the fact that structural displacements under free and forced vibrations are associated with two parallel subspaces in the displacement space. Considering the concept, kernel parallelization equation (KPE) is derived for damage detection under unknown periodic loads. The method is verified for a case study under periodic loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel" title="Kernel">Kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unknown%20periodic%20load" title=" unknown periodic load"> unknown periodic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20detection" title=" damage detection"> damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel%20parallelization%20equation" title=" Kernel parallelization equation "> Kernel parallelization equation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75655/kernel-parallelization-equation-for-identifying-structures-under-unknown-and-periodic-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3620</span> Modeling of Wind Loads on Heliostats Installed in South Algeria of Various Pylon Height</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Merarda">Hakim Merarda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Aksas"> Mounir Aksas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Arrif"> Toufik Arrif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Elfateh%20Belaid"> Abd Elfateh Belaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amor%20Gama"> Amor Gama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reski%20Khelifi"> Reski Khelifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge of wind loads is important to develop a heliostat with good performance. These loads can be calculated by mathematical equations based on several parameters: the density, wind velocity, the aspect ratio of the mirror (height/width) and the coefficient of the height of the tower. Measurement data of the wind velocity and the density of the air are used in a numerical simulation of wind profile that was performed on heliostats with different pylon heights, with 1m^2 mirror areas and with aspect ratio of mirror equal to 1. These measurement data are taken from the meteorological station installed in Ghardaia, Algeria. The main aim of this work is to find a mathematical correlation between the wind loads and the height of the tower. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heliostat" title="heliostat">heliostat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tower%20power" title=" solar tower power"> solar tower power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loads%20simulation" title=" wind loads simulation"> wind loads simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Algeria" title=" South Algeria"> South Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23141/modeling-of-wind-loads-on-heliostats-installed-in-south-algeria-of-various-pylon-height" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3619</span> Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Multiple Floor Fire Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Narayana">Suresh Narayana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20Akkannavar"> Chaitanya Akkannavar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment of behavior of reinforced concrete structures subjected to fire load, and its behavior for the multi-floor fire have been presented in this paper. This research is the part of the study to evaluate the performance of ten storied RC structure when it is subjected to fire loads at multiple floors and to evaluate the post-fire effects on structure such as deflection and stresses occurring due to combined effect of static and thermal loading. Thermal loading has been assigned to different floor levels to estimate the critical floors that initiate the collapse of the structure. The structure has been modeled and analyzed in Solid Works and commercially available Finite Element Software ABAQUS. Results are analyzed, and particular design solution has been suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20mechanism" title="collapse mechanism">collapse mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20analysis" title=" fire analysis"> fire analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20structure" title=" RC structure"> RC structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20vs%20temperature" title=" stress vs temperature"> stress vs temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51575/behavior-of-reinforced-concrete-structures-subjected-to-multiple-floor-fire-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3618</span> Characteristics of the Labor Intensity of Secondary School Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meruyert%20Burumbayeva">Meruyert Burumbayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mussina"> Aiman Mussina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulshat%20Yerdenova"> Gulshat Yerdenova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakyt%20Ilyassova"> Bakyt Ilyassova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiymtory%20Abildaeva"> Aiymtory Abildaeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulnoza%20Aldabekova"> Gulnoza Aldabekova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, there were analyzed the intensity of teachers of secondary schools of Astana. The analysis is based on the account of the whole complex of factors of production, creating the preconditions for the emergence of adverse neuro-emotional states (surge). All the factors of the labor process in the qualitative or quantitative terms were grouped into types of loads: intellectual, sensory, emotional, monotone, regime. The results showed that teachers' work activity is more intense in terms of sensory, intellectual, emotional work schedule loads and characterized class working conditions for tensions as '1st degree of harmful stressful work' and by a combined indicator refers to the category of high labor intensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20of%20teachers" title="intensity of teachers">intensity of teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuro-emotional%20states" title=" neuro-emotional states"> neuro-emotional states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20process" title=" labor process"> labor process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20stress" title=" occupational stress"> occupational stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67366/characteristics-of-the-labor-intensity-of-secondary-school-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3617</span> Stress Analysis of Laminated Cylinders Subject to the Thermomechanical Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eafak%20Aksoy">Şafak Aksoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kur%C5%9Fun"> Ali Kurşun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erhan%20%C3%87etin"> Erhan Çetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Re%C5%9Fit%20Habo%C4%9Flu"> Mustafa Reşit Haboğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, thermo elastic stress analysis is performed on a cylinder made of laminated isotropic materials under thermomechanical loads. Laminated cylinders have many applications such as aerospace, automotive and nuclear plant in the industry. These cylinders generally performed under thermomechanical loads. Stress and displacement distribution of the laminated cylinders are determined using by analytical method both thermal and mechanical loads. Based on the results, materials combination plays an important role on the stresses distribution along the radius. Variation of the stresses and displacements along the radius are presented as graphs. Calculations program are prepared using MATLAB® by authors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotropic%20materials" title="isotropic materials">isotropic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20cylinders" title=" laminated cylinders"> laminated cylinders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelastic%20stress" title=" thermoelastic stress"> thermoelastic stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermomechanical%20load" title=" thermomechanical load"> thermomechanical load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2671/stress-analysis-of-laminated-cylinders-subject-to-the-thermomechanical-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3616</span> Topping Failure Analysis of Anti-Dip Bedding Rock Slopes Subjected to Crest Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoyi%20Sun">Chaoyi Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Congxin%20Chen"> Congxin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Zheng"> Yun Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaizong%20Xia"> Kaizong Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Zhang"> Wei Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crest loads are often encountered in hydropower, highway, open-pit and other engineering rock slopes. Toppling failure is one of the most common deformation failure types of anti-dip bedding rock slopes. Analysis on such failure of anti-dip bedding rock slopes subjected to crest loads has an important influence on engineering practice. Based on the step-by-step analysis approach proposed by Goodman and Bray, a geo-mechanical model was developed, and the related analysis approach was proposed for the toppling failure of anti-dip bedding rock slopes subjected to crest loads. Using the transfer coefficient method, a formulation was derived for calculating the residual thrust of slope toe and the support force required to meet the requirements of the slope stability under crest loads, which provided a scientific reference to design and support for such slopes. Through slope examples, the influence of crest loads on the residual thrust and sliding ratio coefficient was investigated for cases of different block widths and slope cut angles. The results show that there exists a critical block width for such slope. The influence of crest loads on the residual thrust is non-negligible when the block thickness is smaller than the critical value. Moreover, the influence of crest loads on the slope stability increases with the slope cut angle and the sliding ratio coefficient of anti-dip bedding rock slopes increases with the crest loads. Finally, the theoretical solutions and numerical simulations using Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) were compared, in which the consistent results show the applicability of both approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-dip%20bedding%20rock%20slope" title="anti-dip bedding rock slope">anti-dip bedding rock slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crest%20loads" title=" crest loads"> crest loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title=" stability analysis"> stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toppling%20failure" title=" toppling failure"> toppling failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89333/topping-failure-analysis-of-anti-dip-bedding-rock-slopes-subjected-to-crest-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3615</span> Alternative Method of Determining Seismic Loads on Buildings Without Response Spectrum Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razmik%20Atabekyan">Razmik Atabekyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Atabekyan"> V. Atabekyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article discusses a new alternative method for determination of seismic loads on buildings, based on resistance of structures to deformations of vibrations. The basic principles for determining seismic loads by spectral method were developed in 40… 50ies of the last century and further have been improved to pursuit true assessments of seismic effects. The base of the existing methods to determine seismic loads is response spectrum or dynamicity coefficient β (norms of RF), which are not definitively established. To this day there is no single, universal method for the determination of seismic loads and when trying to apply the norms of different countries, significant discrepancies between the results are obtained. On the other hand there is a contradiction of the results of macro seismic surveys of strong earthquakes with the principle of the calculation based on accelerations. It is well-known, on soft soils there is an increase of destructions (mainly due to large displacements), even though the accelerations decreases. Obviously, the seismic impacts are transmitted to the building through foundation, but paradoxically, the existing methods do not even include foundation data. Meanwhile acceleration of foundation of the building can differ several times from the acceleration of the ground. During earthquakes each building has its own peculiarities of behavior, depending on the interaction between the soil and the foundations, their dynamic characteristics and many other factors. In this paper we consider a new, alternative method of determining the seismic loads on buildings, without the use of response spectrum. The following main conclusions: 1) Seismic loads are revealed at the foundation level, which leads to redistribution and reduction of seismic loads on structures. 2) The proposed method is universal and allows determine the seismic loads without the use of response spectrum and any implicit coefficients. 3) The possibility of taking into account important factors such as the strength characteristics of the soils, the size of the foundation, the angle of incidence of the seismic ray and others. 4) Existing methods can adequately determine the seismic loads on buildings only for first form of vibrations, at an average soil conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20loads" title="seismic loads">seismic loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20spectrum" title=" response spectrum"> response spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20characteristics%20of%20buildings" title=" dynamic characteristics of buildings"> dynamic characteristics of buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=momentum" title=" momentum"> momentum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22073/alternative-method-of-determining-seismic-loads-on-buildings-without-response-spectrum-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3614</span> Tribological Performance of Polymer Syntactic Foams in Low-Speed Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Narasimha%20Rao">R. Narasimha Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ch.%20Sri%20Chaitanya"> Ch. Sri Chaitanya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Syntactic foams are closed-cell foams with high specific strength and high compression strength. At Low speeds, the wear rate is sensitive to the sliding speeds and other tribological parameters like applied load and the sliding distance. In the present study, the tribological performance of the polymer-based syntactic foams was reported based on the experiments conducted on a pin-on-disc tribometer. The syntactic foams were manufactured with epoxy as the matrix and the cenospheres obtained from the thermal powerplants as the reinforcement. The experiments were conducted at a sliding speed of the 1 m/s. The applied load was varied from 1 kg to 5 kg up to a sliding distance of 3000 m. The wear rate increased with the sliding distance at lower loads. The trend was reversed at higher loads of 5kg. This may be due to the high plastic deformation at the initial stages when higher loads were applied. This was evident with the higher friction constants for the higher loads. The adhesive wear was found to be predominant for lower loads, while the abrasive wear tracks can be seen in micrographs of samples tested under higher loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20speed" title="sliding speed">sliding speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntactic%20foams" title=" syntactic foams"> syntactic foams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribological%20performance" title=" tribological performance"> tribological performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20rate" title=" wear rate"> wear rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169677/tribological-performance-of-polymer-syntactic-foams-in-low-speed-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3613</span> Effect of Blast Loads on the Seismically Designed Reinforced Concrete Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhuma%20Debnath">Jhuma Debnath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hrishikesh%20Sharma"> Hrishikesh Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work done here in this paper is dedicated to studying the effect of high blast explosives over the seismically designed buildings. Buildings are seismically designed in SAP 2000 software to simulate seismic designs of buildings using response spectrum method. Later these buildings have been studied applying blast loads with the same amount of the blast explosives. This involved varying the standoff distances of the buildings from the blast explosion. The study found out that, for a seismically designed building, the minimum standoff distance is to be at least 120m from the place of explosion for an average blast explosive weight of 20kg TNT. This has shown that the building does not fail due to this huge explosive weight of TNT but resists immediate collapse of the building. The results also show that the adverse effect of the column failure due to blasting is reduced to 73.75% from 22.5% due to the increase of the standoff distance from the blast loads. The maximum affected locations due to the blast loads are also detected in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20loads" title="blast loads">blast loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismically%20designed%20buildings" title=" seismically designed buildings"> seismically designed buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standoff%20distance" title=" standoff distance"> standoff distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20buildings" title=" reinforced concrete buildings"> reinforced concrete buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98209/effect-of-blast-loads-on-the-seismically-designed-reinforced-concrete-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3612</span> Elastic Stress Analysis of Annular Bi-Material Discs with Variable Thickness under Mechanical and Thermomechanical Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erhan%20%C3%87etin">Erhan Çetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kur%C5%9Fun"> Ali Kurşun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eafak%20Aksoy"> Şafak Aksoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20Tunay%20%C3%87etin"> Merve Tunay Çetin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The closed form study deal with elastic stress analysis of annular bi-material discs with variable thickness subjected to the mechanical and termomechanical loads. Those discs have many applications in the aerospace industry, such as gas turbines and gears. Those discs normally work under thermal and mechanical loads. Their life cycle can increase when stress components are minimized. Each material property is assumed to be isotropic. The results show that material combinations and thickness profiles play an important role in determining the responses of bi-material discs and an optimal design of those structures. Stress distribution is investigated and results are shown as graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-material%20discs" title="bi-material discs">bi-material discs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20stress%20analysis" title=" elastic stress analysis"> elastic stress analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20loads" title=" mechanical loads"> mechanical loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotating%20discs" title=" rotating discs"> rotating discs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2633/elastic-stress-analysis-of-annular-bi-material-discs-with-variable-thickness-under-mechanical-and-thermomechanical-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3611</span> Optimal Number of Reconfigurable Robots in a Transport System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mari%20Chaikovskaia">Mari Chaikovskaia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Philippe%20Gayon"> Jean-Philippe Gayon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Quilliot"> Alain Quilliot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider a fleet of elementary robots that can be connected in different ways to transport loads of different types. For instance, a single robot can transport a small load, and the association of two robots can either transport a large load or two small loads. We seek to determine the optimal number of robots to transport a set of loads in a given time interval, with or without reconfiguration. We show that the problem with reconfiguration is strongly NP-hard by a reduction to the bin-packing problem. Then, we study a special case with unit capacities and derive simple formulas for the minimum number of robots, up to 3 types of loads. For this special case, we compare the minimum number of robots with or without reconfiguration and show that the gain is limited in absolute value but may be significant for small fleets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fleet%20sizing" title="fleet sizing">fleet sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurability" title=" reconfigurability"> reconfigurability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robots" title=" robots"> robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160116/optimal-number-of-reconfigurable-robots-in-a-transport-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3610</span> Seismic Performance Evaluation of Diagrid Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taejin%20Kim">Taejin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heonwoo%20Lee"> Heonwoo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Ho%20Kim"> Jong-Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongchul%20Lee"> Dongchul Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there have been various high-rise building projects which reflect unique inspiration from architects to their feature. And it is frequently found that some of these buildings have diagrid structural system. Diagrid system provides engineers many options for structural plan, since it has triangular module so it can form a number of complex shapes. Unlike braced frame systems, diagonal members in diagrid system resist gravity and horizontal loads simultaneously. Correspondingly, diagrid members take roles of both beams and columns, and it is expected that their ductile capacity may depend on the amount of gravity loads. However, not enough studies have been made for this issue so far, which means that there is demand of examination on the seismic behavior of diagrid members under large gravity loads. Therefore, in this study, the ductile capacity of diagrid members was evaluated through analytical and experimental method. Several cases that have different vertical load condition were set up for both approaches to consider the effect of initial compression force due to gravity load. Regarding the result, it was found that buckling in a diagonal member occurs at smaller drift angle when larger gravity load acts on the specimen, which also reduces the amount of energy dissipation. It means that axial stress in a diagonal member reaches critical buckling force early due to the combined axial force from not only horizontal load but also gravity load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagrid" title=" diagrid"> diagrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title=" ductility"> ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance" title=" seismic performance"> seismic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28601/seismic-performance-evaluation-of-diagrid-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3609</span> Wear Behavior of Commercial Aluminium Engine Block and Piston under Dry Sliding Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Salim%20Kaiser">Md. Salim Kaiser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, the effect of load and sliding distance on the performance tribology of commercially used aluminium-silicon engine block and piston was evaluated at ambient conditions with humidity of 80% under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc with two different loads of 5N and 20N yielding applied pressure of 0.30MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, at sliding velocity of 0.29ms-1 and with varying sliding distance ranging from 260m-4200m. Factors and conditions that had significant effect were identified. The results showed that the load and the sliding distance affect the wear rate of the alloys and the wear rate increased with increasing load for both the alloys. Wear rate also increases almost linearly at low loads and increase to a maximum then attain a plateau with increasing sliding distance. For both applied loads, the piston alloy showed the better performance due to higher Ni and Mg content. The worn surface and wear debris was characterized by optical microscope, SEM and EDX analyzer. The worn surface was characterized by surface with shallow grooves at loads while the groove width and depth increased as the loads increases. Oxidative wear was found to be the predominant mechanisms in the dry sliding of Al-Si alloys at low loads <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title="wear">wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravimetric%20analysis" title=" gravimetric analysis"> gravimetric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium-silicon%20alloys" title=" aluminium-silicon alloys"> aluminium-silicon alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDX" title=" EDX"> EDX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12950/wear-behavior-of-commercial-aluminium-engine-block-and-piston-under-dry-sliding-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3608</span> Bending Moment of Flexible Batter Pile in Sands under Horizontal Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20J.%20Manoppo">Fabian J. Manoppo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dody%20M.%20J.%20Sumayouw"> Dody M. J. Sumayouw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bending moment of a single free head model flexible batter piles in sand under horizontal loads is investigated. The theoretical estimate of the magnitude maximum bending moment for the piles was considering a vertical rigid pile under an inclined load and using semi-empirical relations. The length of the equivalent rigid pile was based on the relative stiffness factor of the pile. Model tests were carried out using instrumented piles of wide-ranging flexibilities. The piles were buried in loose sand at batter angles of β=±150, β=±300 and were applied to incrementally increasing lateral loads. The pile capacities and the variation of bending moment along the pile shaft were measured. The new coefficient of 0.5 was proposed to estimate the bending moment of a flexible batter pile in the sand under horizontal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batter%20pile" title="batter pile">batter pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20loads" title=" horizontal loads"> horizontal loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372/bending-moment-of-flexible-batter-pile-in-sands-under-horizontal-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3607</span> Investigating Re-Use a Historical Masonry Arch Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Erdogan">H. A. Erdogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historical masonry arch bridges built centuries ago have fulfilled their function until recent decades. However, from the beginning of 20th century, these bridges have remained inadequate as a result of increasing speed, size and capacity of the means of transport. Although new bridges have been built in many places, masonry bridges located within the city limits still need to be used. When the size and transportation loads of modern vehicles are taken into account, it is apparent that historical masonry arch bridges would be exposed to greater loads than their initial design loads. Because of that, many precautions taken either remain insufficient or damage these bridges. In this study, the history of Debbaglar Bridge, one of the historic bridges located in the city center of Aksaray/Turkey is presented and its existing condition is evaluated. Structural analysis of the bridge under present conditions and loads is explained. Moreover, the retrofit and restoration application prepared considering the analysis data is described. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20re-use" title="adaptive re-use">adaptive re-use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aksaray%20debbaglar%20bridge" title=" Aksaray debbaglar bridge"> Aksaray debbaglar bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry%20bridge" title=" masonry bridge"> masonry bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction" title=" reconstruction"> reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30635/investigating-re-use-a-historical-masonry-arch-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3606</span> Analysis and Design of Offshore Met Mast Supported on Jacket Substructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manu%20Manu">Manu Manu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pardha%20J.%20Saradhi"> Pardha J. Saradhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramana%20M.%20V.%20Murthy"> Ramana M. V. Murthy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind Energy is accepted as one of the most developed, cost effective and proven renewable energy technologies to meet increasing electricity demands in a sustainable manner. Preliminary assessment studies along Indian Coastline by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy have indicated prospects for development of offshore wind power along Tamil Nadu Coast, India. The commercial viability of a wind project mainly depends on wind characteristics on site. Hence, it is internationally recommended to perform site-specific wind resource assessment based on two years’ wind profile as a part of the feasibility study. Conventionally, guy wire met mast are used onshore for the collection of wind profile. Installation of similar structure in offshore requires complex marine spread and are very expensive. In the present study, an attempt is made to develop 120 m long lattice tower supported on the jacket, piled to the seabed at Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu, India. Offshore met-masts are subjected to combined wind and hydrodynamic loads, and these lateral loads should be safely transferred to soil. The wind loads are estimated based on gust factor method, and the hydrodynamic loads are estimated by Morison’s equation along with suitable wave theory. The soil is modeled as three nonlinear orthogonal springs based on API standards. The structure configuration and optimum member sizes are obtained for extreme cyclone events. The dynamic behavior of mast under coupled wind and wave loads is also studied. The static responses of a mast with jacket type offshore platform have been studied using a frame model in SESAM. It is found from the study that the maximum displacement at the top of the mast for the random wave is 0.003 m and that of the tower for wind is 0.08 m during the steady state. The dynamic analysis results indicate that the structure is safe against coupled wind and wave loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind" title="offshore wind">offshore wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mast" title=" mast"> mast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static" title=" static"> static</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20load" title=" aerodynamic load"> aerodynamic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20load" title=" hydrodynamic load"> hydrodynamic load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55062/analysis-and-design-of-offshore-met-mast-supported-on-jacket-substructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3605</span> A Criterion for Evaluating Plastic Loads: Plastic Work-Tangent Criterion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhang">Ying Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, the plastic load is defined by applying the twice elastic slope (TES) criterion of plastic collapse to a characteristic load-deformation curve for the vessel. Several other plastic criterion such as tangent intersection (TI) criterion, plastic work (PW) criterion have been proposed in the literature, but all exhibit a practical limitation: difficult to define the load parameter for vessels subject to several combined loads. An alternative criterion: plastic work-tangent (PWT) criterion for evaluating plastic load in pressure vessel design by analysis is presented in this paper. According to the plastic work-load curve, when the tangent variation is less than a given value in the plastic phase, the corresponding load is the plastic load. Application of the proposed criterion is illustrated by considering the elastic-plastic response of the lower head of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and nozzle intersection of (RPV). It is proposed that this is because the PWT criterion more fully represents the constraining effect of material strain hardening on the spread of plastic deformation and more efficiently ton evaluating the plastic load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20load" title="plastic load">plastic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20work" title=" plastic work"> plastic work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20hardening" title=" strain hardening"> strain hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20work-tangent%20criterion" title=" plastic work-tangent criterion"> plastic work-tangent criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59204/a-criterion-for-evaluating-plastic-loads-plastic-work-tangent-criterion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3604</span> Assessing Effectiveness of Outrigger and Belt Truss System for Tall Buildings under Wind Loadings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirand%20Anunthanakul">Nirand Anunthanakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is to investigate a 54-story reinforced concrete residential tall building structures—238.8 meters high. Shear walls, core walls, and columns are the primary vertical components. Other special lateral components—core-outrigger and belt trusses—are studied and combined with the structural system in order to increase the structural stability during severe lateral load events, particularly, wind loads. The wind tunnel tests are conducted using the force balance technique. The overall wind loads and dynamics response of the building are also measured for 360 degrees of azimuth—basis for 10-degree intervals. The results from numerical analysis indicate that an outrigger and belt truss system clearly engages perimeter columns to efficiently reduce acceleration index and lateral deformations at the top level so that the building structures achieve lateral stability, and meet standard provision values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outrigger" title="outrigger">outrigger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belt%20truss" title=" belt truss"> belt truss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tall%20buildings" title=" tall buildings"> tall buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loadings" title=" wind loadings"> wind loadings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20826/assessing-effectiveness-of-outrigger-and-belt-truss-system-for-tall-buildings-under-wind-loadings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3603</span> Probabilistic Damage Tolerance Methodology for Solid Fan Blades and Discs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrej%20Golowin">Andrej Golowin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktor%20Denk"> Viktor Denk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Riepe"> Axel Riepe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid fan blades and discs in aero engines are subjected to high combined low and high cycle fatigue loads especially around the contact areas between blade and disc. Therefore, special coatings (e.g. dry film lubricant) and surface treatments (e.g. shot peening or laser shock peening) are applied to increase the strength with respect to combined cyclic fatigue and fretting fatigue, but also to improve damage tolerance capability. The traditional deterministic damage tolerance assessment based on fracture mechanics analysis, which treats service damage as an initial crack, often gives overly conservative results especially in the presence of vibratory stresses. A probabilistic damage tolerance methodology using crack initiation data has been developed for fan discs exposed to relatively high vibratory stresses in cross- and tail-wind conditions at certain resonance speeds for limited time periods. This Monte-Carlo based method uses a damage databank from similar designs, measured vibration levels at typical aircraft operations and wind conditions and experimental crack initiation data derived from testing of artificially damaged specimens with representative surface treatment under combined fatigue conditions. The proposed methodology leads to a more realistic prediction of the minimum damage tolerance life for the most critical locations applicable to modern fan disc designs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20fatigue" title="combined fatigue">combined fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20tolerance" title=" damage tolerance"> damage tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine" title=" engine"> engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20treatment" title=" surface treatment"> surface treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42578/probabilistic-damage-tolerance-methodology-for-solid-fan-blades-and-discs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3602</span> Prediction of Compressive Strength Using Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Pal%20Singh">Vijay Pal Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogesh%20Chandra%20Kotiyal"> Yogesh Chandra Kotiyal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structures are a combination of various load carrying members which transfer the loads to the foundation from the superstructure safely. At the design stage, the loading of the structure is defined and appropriate material choices are made based upon their properties, mainly related to strength. The strength of materials kept on reducing with time because of many factors like environmental exposure and deformation caused by unpredictable external loads. Hence, to predict the strength of materials used in structures, various techniques are used. Among these techniques, Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT) are the one that can be used to predict the strength without damaging the structure. In the present study, the compressive strength of concrete has been predicted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The predicted strength was compared with the experimentally obtained actual compressive strength of concrete and equations were developed for different models. A good co-relation has been obtained between the predicted strength by these models and experimental values. Further, the co-relation has been developed using two NDT techniques for prediction of strength by regression analysis. It was found that the percentage error has been reduced between the predicted strength by using combined techniques in place of single techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebound" title="rebound">rebound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-sonic%20pulse" title=" ultra-sonic pulse"> ultra-sonic pulse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetration" title=" penetration"> penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NDT" title=" NDT"> NDT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2487/prediction-of-compressive-strength-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3601</span> Structural Assessment of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Frames under Tsunami Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Jiffry">Hussain Jiffry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kypros%20Pilakoutas"> Kypros Pilakoutas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reyes%20Garcia%20Lopez"> Reyes Garcia Lopez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the effect of tsunami loads on reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings analytically. The impact of tsunami wave loads and waterborne objects are analyzed using a typical substandard full-scale two-story RC frame building tested as part of the EU-funded Ecoleader project. The building was subjected to shake table tests in bare condition and subsequently strengthened using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) composites and retested. Numerical models of the building in both bare and CFRP-strengthened conditions are calibrated in DRAIN-3DX software to match the test results. To investigate the response of wave loads and impact forces, the numerical models are subjected to nonlinear dynamic analyses using force-time history input records. The analytical results are compared in terms of displacements at the floors and the 'impact point' of a boat. The results show that the roof displacement of the CFRP-strengthened building reduced by 63% when compared to the bare building. The results also indicate that strengthening only the mid-height of the impact column using CFRP is more efficient at reducing damage when compared to strengthening other parts of the column. Alternative solutions to mitigate damage due to tsunami loads are suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsunami%20loads" title="tsunami loads">tsunami loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20load" title=" hydrodynamic load"> hydrodynamic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20load" title=" impact load"> impact load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterborne%20objects" title=" waterborne objects"> waterborne objects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20buildings" title=" RC buildings "> RC buildings </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24083/structural-assessment-of-low-rise-reinforced-concrete-frames-under-tsunami-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3600</span> Effects of Axial Loads and Soil Density on Pile Group Subjected to Triangular Soil Movement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsan%20Al-Abboodi">Ihsan Al-Abboodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahsin%20Toma-Sabbagh"> Tahsin Toma-Sabbagh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory tests have been carried out to investigate the response of 2x2 pile group subjected to triangular soil movement. The pile group was instrumented with displacement and tilting devices at the pile cap and strain gauges on two piles of the group. In this paper, results from four model tests were presented to study the effects of axial loads and soil density on the lateral behavior of piles. The responses in terms of bending moment, shear force, soil pressure, deflection, and rotation of piles were compared. Test results indicate that increasing the soil strength could increase the measured moment, shear, soil pressure, and pile deformations. Most importantly, adding loads to the pile cap induces additional moment to the head of front-pile row unlike the back-pile row which was influenced insignificantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20group" title="pile group">pile group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20piles" title=" passive piles"> passive piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20soil%20movement" title=" lateral soil movement"> lateral soil movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20density" title=" soil density"> soil density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loads" title=" axial loads"> axial loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62296/effects-of-axial-loads-and-soil-density-on-pile-group-subjected-to-triangular-soil-movement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3599</span> Explosion Mechanics of Aluminum Plates Subjected to the Combined Effect of Blast Wave and Fragment Impact Loading: A Multicase Computational Modeling Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atoui%20Oussama">Atoui Oussama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maazoun%20Azer"> Maazoun Azer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkassem%20Bachir"> Belkassem Bachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyl%20Lincy"> Pyl Lincy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lecompte%20David"> Lecompte David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For many decades, researchers have been focused on understanding the dynamic behavior of different structures and materials subjected to fragment impact or blast loads separately. The explosion mechanics, as well as the impact physics studies dealing with the numerical modeling of the response of protective structures under the synergistic effect of a blast wave and the impact of fragments, are quite limited in the literature. This article numerically evaluates the nonlinear dynamic behavior and damage mechanisms of Aluminum plates EN AW-1050A- H24 under different combined loading scenarios varied by the sequence of the applied loads using the commercial software LS-DYNA. For one hand, with respect to the terminal ballistic field investigations, a Lagrangian (LAG) formulation is used to evaluate the different failure modes of the target material in case of a fragment impact. On the other hand, with respect to the blast field analysis, an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation is considered to study the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) of the shock wave and the plate in case of a blast loading. Four different loading scenarios are considered: (1) only blast loading, (2) only fragment impact, (3) blast loading followed by a fragment impact and (4) a fragment impact followed by blast loading. From the numerical results, it was observed that when the impact load is applied to the plate prior to the blast load, it suffers more severe damage due to the hole enlargement phenomenon and the effects of crack propagation on the circumference of the damaged zone. Moreover, it was found that the hole from the fragment impact loading was enlarged to about three times in diameter as compared to the diameter of the projectile. The validation of the proposed computational model is based in part on previous experimental data obtained by the authors and in the other part on experimental data obtained from the literature. A good correspondence between the numerical and experimental results is found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20analysis" title="computational analysis">computational analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loading" title=" combined loading"> combined loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosion%20mechanics" title=" explosion mechanics"> explosion mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole%20enlargement%20phenomenon" title=" hole enlargement phenomenon"> hole enlargement phenomenon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20physics" title=" impact physics"> impact physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20effect" title=" synergistic effect"> synergistic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminal%20ballistic" title=" terminal ballistic"> terminal ballistic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135997/explosion-mechanics-of-aluminum-plates-subjected-to-the-combined-effect-of-blast-wave-and-fragment-impact-loading-a-multicase-computational-modeling-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=120">120</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=121">121</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20loads&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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