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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1644</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 160 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-160" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">160 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1644 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1644 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1644 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1644 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B4%DB%B4_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۴۴ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۶۴۴ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AA" title="১৬৪৪ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৬৪৪" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_n%C3%AE" title="1644 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1644 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644." title="1644. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1644." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B4%DB%B4_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۴۴ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۶۴۴ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%E5%B9%B4" title="1644年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1644年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1644년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AA" title="१६४४ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१६४४" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644." title="1644. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1644." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AA" title="মারি ১৬৪৪ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৬৪৪" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1644-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1644-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AC%E0%B3%AA%E0%B3%AA" title="೧೬೪೪ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೬೪೪" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1644 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1644 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1644 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1644 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1644 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1644 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D0%B8" title="1644 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1644 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644._gads" title="1644. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1644. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1644 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1644 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_m." title="1644 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1644 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AA" title="१६४४ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१६४४" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AA" title="इ.स. १६४४ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १६४४" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B4%DB%B4" title="۱۶۴۴ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۶۴۴" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1644 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1644 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1644 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1644 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%86%E1%81%84%E1%81%84" title="၁၆၄၄ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၆၄၄" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AA" title="सन् १६४४ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १६४४" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%E5%B9%B4" title="1644年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1644年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1644 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1644 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AA" title="୧୬୪୪ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୬୪୪" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AA" title="१६४४ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१६४४" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1644" title="Joohr 1644 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1644" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1644 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1644 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AA" title="१६४४ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१६४४" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%D8%B9" title="1644ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1644ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A6%D9%A4%D9%A4" title="١٦٤٤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٦٤٤" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644." title="1644. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1644." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1644 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1644 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2187" title="พ.ศ. 2187 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2187" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1644" title="Соли 1644 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1644" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%D8%A1" title="1644ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1644ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4" title="一六四四年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一六四四年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%E5%B9%B4" title="1644年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1644年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%E5%B9%B4" title="1644年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1644年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%E5%B9%B4" title="1644年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1644年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644" title="1644 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1644" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6920#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221644%22">"1644"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221644%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221644%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221644%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221644%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221644%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span><span 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1620s" title="1620s">1620s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1630s" title="1630s">1630s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1650s" title="1650s">1650s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1660s" title="1660s">1660s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1641" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1641">1641</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1642" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1642">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1643" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1643">1643</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1644" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1644">1644</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1645" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1645">1645</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1646" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1646">1646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1647" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1647">1647</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Christian_IV_by_Vilhelm_Marstrand.png/300px-Christian_IV_by_Vilhelm_Marstrand.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Christian_IV_by_Vilhelm_Marstrand.png/450px-Christian_IV_by_Vilhelm_Marstrand.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Christian_IV_by_Vilhelm_Marstrand.png/600px-Christian_IV_by_Vilhelm_Marstrand.png 2x" data-file-width="2187" data-file-height="1499" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colberger_Heide" title="Battle of Colberger Heide">Battle of Colberger Heide</a> is fought between Sweden and Denmark-Norway off of the German coast.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Marston_Moor_1644_by_John_Barker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Battle_of_Marston_Moor_1644_by_John_Barker.png/300px-Battle_of_Marston_Moor_1644_by_John_Barker.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Battle_of_Marston_Moor_1644_by_John_Barker.png/450px-Battle_of_Marston_Moor_1644_by_John_Barker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Battle_of_Marston_Moor_1644_by_John_Barker.png/600px-Battle_of_Marston_Moor_1644_by_John_Barker.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a>: Parliament wins control of northern England from King Charles in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marston_Moor" title="Battle of Marston Moor">Battle of Marston Moor</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1644" title="Category:1644">1644 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1640s_in_architecture" title="1640s in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1644_in_art" title="1644 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1644_in_literature" title="1644 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1644_in_music" title="1644 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1644_in_science" title="1644 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1644" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1644">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_17th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 17th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_17th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 17th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1644_births" title="Category:1644 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1644_deaths" title="Category:1644 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1644_establishments" title="Category:1644 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1644_disestablishments" title="Category:1644 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1644_works" title="Category:1644 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1644 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1644<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCXLIV</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2397</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1093<br />ԹՎ ՌՂԳ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6394</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1565–1566</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1050–1051</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2594</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>19 <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Cha. 1</a> – 20 <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Cha. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2188</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1006</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7152–7153</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">癸未</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />4341 or 4134<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />甲申年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />4342 or 4135</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1360–1361</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2810</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1636–1637</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5404–5405</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1700–1701</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1565–1566</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4744–4745</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11644</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>644–645</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1022–1023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1053–1054</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei" title="Kan'ei">Kan'ei</a> 21 / <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Shōhō">Shōhō</a> 1<br />(正保元年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1565–1566</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 10 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3977</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>268 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前268年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>176</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2186–2187</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴水羊年<br />(female Water-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />1770 or 1389 or 617<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳木猴年<br />(male Wood-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1771 or 1390 or 618</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1644</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCXLIV</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Leap year starting on Friday">leap year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Leap year starting on Monday">leap year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1644th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 644th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 44th year of the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>, and the 5th year of the <a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a> decade. As of the start of 1644, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div><p> It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(<b>M</b>)+500(<b>D</b>)+100(<b>C</b>)+(-10(<b>X</b>)+50(<b>L</b>))+(-1(<b>I</b>)+5(<b>V</b>)) = 1644). </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolumna_Zygmunta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kolumna_Zygmunta.jpg/120px-Kolumna_Zygmunta.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kolumna_Zygmunta.jpg/250px-Kolumna_Zygmunta.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kolumna_Zygmunta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolumna Zygmunta">Kolumna Zygmunta</a> erected.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – The Royalist <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Parliament_(1644)" title="Oxford Parliament (1644)">Oxford Parliament</a> is first assembled by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">First English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nantwich" title="Battle of Nantwich">Battle of Nantwich</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarians</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalists</a>, allowing them to end the 6-week siege of the <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a> town.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> <ul><li>Dutch explorer <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a> departs from <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Batavia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (modern-day Jakarta in Indonesia) on his second major expedition for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>, to map the north coast of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Tasman commands three ships, <i>Limmen</i>, <i>Zeemeeuw</i> and <i>Braek</i>, and returns to Batavia at the beginning of August with no major discoveries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ochmat%C3%B3w_(1644)" title="Battle of Ochmatów (1644)">Battle of Ochmatów</a>: <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Koniecpolski" title="Stanisław Koniecpolski">Stanisław Koniecpolski</a> secure a substantial victory over the <a href="/wiki/Horde_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horde (organization)">horde</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tugay_Bey" title="Tugay Bey">Tugay Bey</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Livestock_branding" title="Livestock branding">livestock branding</a> law in America is passed in Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-Hisdates1644_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hisdates1644-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a> is granted an official grant for his <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island Colony">Rhode Island Colony</a> from the Parliament of England, allowing the establishment of a general assembly.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Opchanacanough" class="mw-redirect" title="Opchanacanough">Opchanacanough</a> leads the <a href="/wiki/Powhatan" title="Powhatan">Powhatan</a> Indians in an unsuccessful uprising against the English at <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a>. Although 300 of the English colonists are slain, the settlers pursue Opchanacanough, who is imprisoned in Jamestown for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the last such Indian rebellion in the region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – A popular Chinese rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> sacks Beijing, prompting <a href="/wiki/Chongzhen_Emperor" title="Chongzhen Emperor">Chongzhen</a>, the last emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, to commit <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Maurice,_Prince_of_Nassau-Siegen" title="John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen">Johan Mauritius</a> resigns as Governor of Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-Hisdates1644_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hisdates1644-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> general <a href="/wiki/Wu_Sangui" title="Wu Sangui">Wu Sangui</a> forms an alliance with the invading <a href="/wiki/Manchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a> and opens the gates of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a> at <a href="/wiki/Shanhai_Pass" title="Shanhai Pass">Shanhaiguan</a> Pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montijo" title="Battle of Montijo">Battle of Montijo</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> is victorious over <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a>, in the first major action between the two nations during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanhai_Pass" title="Battle of Shanhai Pass">Battle of Shanhai Pass</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wu_Sangui" title="Wu Sangui">Wu Sangui</a> gain a decisive victory over <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shun_dynasty" title="Shun dynasty">Shun dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> proclaims himself emperor of China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – The invading <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> army, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> general <a href="/wiki/Wu_Sangui" title="Wu Sangui">Wu Sangui</a>, captures Beijing in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, marking the beginning of Manchu rule over <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – During the <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a> and his men take <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">Liverpool Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liverpool is later reclaimed by Sir John Moore.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Torstenson_War" title="Torstenson War">Torstenson War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colberger_Heide" title="Battle of Colberger Heide">Battle of Colberger Heide</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Dano-Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish</a> fleets fight a naval battle off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a>-<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a>. The battle is indecisive but represents a minor success for the Dano-Norwegian fleet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marston_Moor" title="Battle of Marston Moor">Battle of Marston Moor</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarians</a> crush the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalists</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, ending <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>'s hold on the north of England.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippermuir" title="Battle of Tippermuir">Battle of Tippermuir</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Graham,_1st_Marquess_of_Montrose" title="James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose">Montrose</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/John_Wemyss,_1st_Earl_of_Wemyss" title="John Wemyss, 1st Earl of Wemyss">Lord Elcho</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Covenanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenanter">Covenanters</a>, reviving the Royalist cause in Scotland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – English Civil War: Second <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lostwithiel" title="Battle of Lostwithiel">Battle of Lostwithiel</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalists</a> gain their last major victory.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a>, becoming the 236th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – The Jews of <a href="/wiki/Mogilev" title="Mogilev">Mogilev</a>, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, are attacked during <a href="/wiki/Tashlikh" title="Tashlikh">Tashlikh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi Emperor</a>, the second emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> as the first Qing emperor to rule over <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_J%C3%BCterbog" title="Battle of Jüterbog">Battle of Jüterbog</a> (December 3 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">New Style</a>): <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>'s forces defeat those of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Areopagitica" title="Areopagitica">Areopagitica</a></i>, an appeal for freedom of speech written by <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, is published in London.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Elvas" title="Castle of Elvas">Castle of Elvas</a> in Portugal resists a 9-day siege by the Spanish during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> (December 18 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">New Style</a>) – As <a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Christina</a> comes of age, she is made ruling queen of Sweden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> – <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Bubonic plague</a> breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> (Scotland).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A Spanish officer is murdered in <a href="/wiki/St._Dominic%27s_Church,_Macau" title="St. Dominic's Church, Macau">St. Dominic's Church, Macau</a> during <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">mass</a> by colonists loyal to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund%27s_Column" title="Sigismund's Column">Sigismund's Column</a> is erected in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> to commemorate King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a>, who moved the capital of Poland from <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> to Warsaw in <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>.</li> <li>Philosopher <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> publishes <i>Principia Philosophiae</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Philosophy" title="Principles of Philosophy">Principles of Philosophy</a></i>) in Amsterdam.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ormindo" title="Ormindo">Ormindo</a></i> is first performed in Venice (music by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Francesco Cavalli</a>, and libretto by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Faustini" title="Giovanni Faustini">Giovanni Faustini</a>).</li> <li>The West India Company<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> displays greater interest in profit than in colonization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (June 2020)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_britton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Thomas_britton.jpg/110px-Thomas_britton.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Thomas_britton.jpg/165px-Thomas_britton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Thomas_britton.jpg/220px-Thomas_britton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Britton" title="Thomas Britton">Thomas Britton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg/110px-Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg/165px-Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg/220px-Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1402" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld" title="Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld">Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Mencke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Otto_Mencke.jpg/120px-Otto_Mencke.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Otto_Mencke.jpg/250px-Otto_Mencke.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otto_Mencke" title="Otto Mencke">Otto Mencke</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Winstanley00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Henry_Winstanley00.jpg/110px-Henry_Winstanley00.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Henry_Winstanley00.jpg/165px-Henry_Winstanley00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Henry_Winstanley00.jpg/220px-Henry_Winstanley00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Winstanley" title="Henry Winstanley">Henry Winstanley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mignard,_possibly_after_-_Henrietta_of_England_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mignard%2C_possibly_after_-_Henrietta_of_England_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/120px-Mignard%2C_possibly_after_-_Henrietta_of_England_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mignard%2C_possibly_after_-_Henrietta_of_England_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/250px-Mignard%2C_possibly_after_-_Henrietta_of_England_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3149" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Henrietta of England</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gibbes" title="Robert Gibbes">Robert Gibbes</a>, English-born landgrave in South Carolina (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_duc_de_Boufflers" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis François, duc de Boufflers">Louis François, duc de Boufflers</a>, Marshal of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestino_Sfondrati" title="Celestino Sfondrati">Celestino Sfondrati</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hayashi_H%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Hayashi Hōkō">Hayashi Hōkō</a>, Japanese philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Britton" title="Thomas Britton">Thomas Britton</a>, English concert promoter (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Partridge_(astrologer)" title="John Partridge (astrologer)">John Partridge</a>, English astrologer (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Budde" title="Jonas Budde">Jonas Budde</a>, Norwegian army officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Thomas" title="Antoine Thomas">Antoine Thomas</a>, Jesuit missionary priest and astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boylston" title="Thomas Boylston">Thomas Boylston</a>, American colonial doctor (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Chayyim_Cantarini" title="Isaac Chayyim Cantarini">Isaac Chayyim Cantarini</a>, Italian rabbi (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hancke" title="Johannes Hancke">Johannes Hancke</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nils_Bielke" title="Nils Bielke">Nils Bielke</a>, member of the High Council of Sweden (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_La_Broue" title="Pierre de La Broue">Pierre de La Broue</a>, American bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Ammann" title="Jakob Ammann">Jakob Ammann</a>, Swiss founder of the Amish sect (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Elisabeth_L%C3%A4mmerhirt" title="Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt">Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt</a>, German mother of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Foucher" title="Simon Foucher">Simon Foucher</a>, French polemicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Veit_Hans_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld" title="Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld">Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld</a>, German iron and cobalt magnate (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Bagot,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Walter Bagot, 3rd Baronet">Sir Walter Bagot, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Mencke" title="Otto Mencke">Otto Mencke</a>, German philosopher and scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Rushout,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Rushout, 1st Baronet">Sir James Rushout, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Cocceji" title="Heinrich von Cocceji">Heinrich von Cocceji</a>, German jurist from Bremen (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Winstanley" title="Henry Winstanley">Henry Winstanley</a>, English engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Lu%C3%ADs_de_Sousa,_2nd_Marquis_of_Minas" title="António Luís de Sousa, 2nd Marquis of Minas">António Luís de Sousa, 2nd Marquis of Minas</a>, Portuguese general, governor-general of Brazil (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Johnson_(politician)" title="Nathaniel Johnson (politician)">Nathaniel Johnson</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufville,_duc_de_Villeroy" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy">François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy</a>, French soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Jeanne_Baptiste_of_Savoy-Nemours" title="Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours">Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours</a>, Duchess of Savoy (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Storck" title="Abraham Storck">Abraham Storck</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Conrad_von_Reventlow" title="Conrad von Reventlow">Conrad von Reventlow</a>, Danish statesman, first Grand Chancellor of Denmark (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cotton_(MP,_born_1644)" title="Robert Cotton (MP, born 1644)">Robert Cotton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Caballero_y_Ocio" title="Juan Caballero y Ocio">Juan Caballero y Ocio</a>, Spanish priest remarkable for lavish gifts to the Catholic Church and charity (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Newdigate,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet">Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet</a>, English landowner (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ettm%C3%BCller" title="Michael Ettmüller">Michael Ettmüller</a>, German physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Salmon" title="William Salmon">William Salmon</a>, English medical writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Volkamer" title="Johann Christoph Volkamer">Johann Christoph Volkamer</a>, German botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Anne_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Anne Stuart">Henrietta Anne Stuart</a>, Princess of Scotland, England and Ireland and Duchess of Orléans (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_Franck" title="Johann Wolfgang Franck">Johann Wolfgang Franck</a>, German baroque composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_a_Sancta_Clara" title="Abraham a Sancta Clara">Abraham a Sancta Clara</a>, German Augustinian friar (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josceline_Percy,_11th_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland">Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Geelvinck_(1644%E2%80%931707)" title="Joan Geelvinck (1644–1707)">Joan Geelvinck</a>, Dutch politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Bayot" title="Miguel Bayot">Miguel Bayot</a>, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cebu (from 1697) (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Drelincourt" title="Peter Drelincourt">Peter Drelincourt</a>, Irish chaplain (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Ernst,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth" title="Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth">Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth</a> (1655–1712) (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_La_Valli%C3%A8re" title="Louise de La Vallière">Louise de La Vallière</a>, French mistress of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Ignaz_Franz_Biber" title="Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber">Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber</a>, Bohemian composer and violinist (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> <i>(bapt.)</i> – <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Schey" title="Gilles Schey">Gilles Schey</a>, Dutch admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bourdon" title="Anne Bourdon">Anne Bourdon</a>, nun in New France (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tufton,_6th_Earl_of_Thanet" title="Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet">Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Newport,_2nd_Earl_of_Bradford" title="Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford">Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Cabanilles" title="Juan Bautista Cabanilles">Juan Bautista Cabanilles</a>, Spanish composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rotius" title="Jacob Rotius">Jacob Rotius</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_%C3%89chard" title="Jacques Échard">Jacques Échard</a>, French Dominican, historian of the Order (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ole_R%C3%B8mer" title="Ole Rømer">Ole Rømer</a>, Danish astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rousseau_(violist)" title="Jean Rousseau (violist)">Jean Rousseau</a>, French viol player (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Timol%C3%A9on_de_Choisy" title="François-Timoléon de Choisy">François-Timoléon de Choisy</a>, French <i>abbé</i>, author and cross-dresser (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adriaen_Frans_Boudewijns" title="Adriaen Frans Boudewijns">Adriaen Frans Boudewijns</a>, landscape painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sandius" title="Christopher Sandius">Christopher Sandius</a>, Dutch Arian writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sipihr_Shikoh" title="Sipihr Shikoh">Sipihr Shikoh</a>, Mughal Emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a>, English Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Steuchius" title="Mathias Steuchius">Mathias Steuchius</a>, Swedish archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> <i>(bapt.)</i> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_van_der_Gon" title="Cornelia van der Gon">Cornelia van der Gon</a>, Dutch art collector (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_d%27Este" title="Maria d'Este">Maria d'Este</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1684" title="1684">1684</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kirk_(folklorist)" title="Robert Kirk (folklorist)">Robert Kirk</a>, Scottish folklorist, Bible translator, Gaelic scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Torrej%C3%B3n_y_Velasco" title="Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco">Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco</a>, Spanish composer, musician and organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott,_Earl_of_Tarras" title="Walter Scott, Earl of Tarras">Walter Scott, Earl of Tarras</a>, Scottish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philips_van_Almonde" title="Philips van Almonde">Philips van Almonde</a>, Dutch Lieutenant Admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D" title="Matsuo Bashō">Matsuo Bashō</a>, Japanese poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Erardi" title="Pietro Erardi">Pietro Erardi</a>, Maltese chaplain and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Antonio Stradivari</a>, Italian violin maker (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban_VIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Urban_VIII.jpg/110px-Urban_VIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Urban_VIII.jpg/165px-Urban_VIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Urban_VIII.jpg/220px-Urban_VIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portret_van_Johannes_Wtenbogaert_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4885.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portret_van_Johannes_Wtenbogaert_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4885.jpeg/110px-Portret_van_Johannes_Wtenbogaert_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4885.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portret_van_Johannes_Wtenbogaert_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4885.jpeg/165px-Portret_van_Johannes_Wtenbogaert_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4885.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portret_van_Johannes_Wtenbogaert_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4885.jpeg/220px-Portret_van_Johannes_Wtenbogaert_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4885.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4818" data-file-height="5992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Wtenbogaert" title="Johannes Wtenbogaert">Johannes Wtenbogaert</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Amadei" title="Stefano Amadei">Stefano Amadei</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Chillingworth" title="William Chillingworth">William Chillingworth</a>, controversial English churchman (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_II_of_Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl" title="Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl">Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Gobind" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Har Gobind">Guru Har Gobind</a>, the Sixth <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Guru" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Guru">Sikh Guru</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Louise_Juliana_of_Nassau" title="Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau">Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau</a>, Regent of Bohemia (b. <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Renata_of_Austria" title="Cecilia Renata of Austria">Cecilia Renata of Austria</a>, Queen of Poland (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Stewart" title="Lord John Stewart">Lord John Stewart</a>, Scottish aristocrat, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (b. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_Salcedo_(bishop)" title="Diego Salcedo (bishop)">Diego Salcedo</a>, Spanish bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – Reverend <a href="/wiki/William_Brewster_(Mayflower_passenger)" title="William Brewster (Mayflower passenger)">William Brewster</a>, English Pilgrim leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chongzhen_Emperor" title="Chongzhen Emperor">Chongzhen</a>, last <a href="/wiki/Ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming">Ming</a> Emperor of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zs%C3%B3fia_Bosny%C3%A1k" title="Zsófia Bosnyák">Zsófia Bosnyák</a>, Hungarian noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso III d'Este, Duke of Modena">Alfonso III d'Este, Duke of Modena</a>, Italian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Montafi%C3%A9,_Countess_of_Clermont-en-Beauvaisis" title="Anne de Montafié, Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis">Anne de Montafié, Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis</a>, French countess (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_St._Thomas" title="John of St. Thomas">John of St. Thomas</a>, Portuguese philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brian_Twyne" title="Brian Twyne">Brian Twyne</a>, English archivist (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Hedwig of Hesse-Kassel">Hedwig of Hesse-Kassel</a>, countess consort of Schaumburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Biliverti" title="Giovanni Biliverti">Giovanni Biliverti</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Rathore" title="Amar Singh Rathore">Amar Singh Rathore</a>, Rajput nobleman affiliated with the royal house of Marwar (b. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Alting" title="Johann Heinrich Alting">Johann Heinrich Alting</a>, German Lutheran theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Wtenbogaert" title="Johannes Wtenbogaert">Johannes Wtenbogaert</a>, Dutch leader of the Remonstrants (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Bentivoglio" title="Guido Bentivoglio">Guido Bentivoglio</a>, Italian statesman and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Corbie" title="Ralph Corbie">Ralph Corbie</a>, Irish Jesuit (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Coke" title="John Coke">John Coke</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Quarles" title="Francis Quarles">Francis Quarles</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_France_(1602%E2%80%931644)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of France (1602–1644)">Elisabeth of France</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich,_Count_Palatine_of_Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein" title="Johann Friedrich, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein">Johann Friedrich, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jorge_de_C%C3%A1rdenas_y_Manrique_de_Lara" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara">Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara</a>, Spanish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Roe" title="Thomas Roe">Thomas Roe</a>, English diplomat (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_V%C3%A9lez_de_Guevara" title="Luis Vélez de Guevara">Luis Vélez de Guevara</a>, Spanish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Foote" title="Nathaniel Foote">Nathaniel Foote</a>, American colonist (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deodat_del_Monte" title="Deodat del Monte">Deodat del Monte</a>, Flemish painter, architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Saxe-Eisenach" title="Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach">Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach</a> (from 1640) (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Carew,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet">Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bankes" title="John Bankes">John Bankes</a>, Attorney General and Chief Justice to King Charles I of England (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont" title="Jan Baptist van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont</a>, Flemish chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBraddick2015" class="citation book cs1">Braddick, Michael J. (2015). <i>The Oxford handbook of the English revolution</i>. Oxford, UK; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199695898" title="Special:BookSources/9780199695898"><bdi>9780199695898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+handbook+of+the+English+revolution&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK%3B+New+York&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780199695898&rft.aulast=Braddick&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoward1994" class="citation book cs1">Coward, Barry (1994). <i>The Stuart age: England, 1603-1714</i>. London New York: Longman. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780582067226" title="Special:BookSources/9780582067226"><bdi>9780582067226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stuart+age%3A+England%2C+1603-1714&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780582067226&rft.aulast=Coward&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hisdates1644-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hisdates1644_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hisdates1644_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hisdates.com/years/1644-historical-events.html">"What Happened In 1644"</a>. hisdates.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Happened+In+1644&rft.pub=hisdates.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hisdates.com%2Fyears%2F1644-historical-events.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward S. Ellis, et al., <i>The People's History of the World; Including Two Volumes on the Races of Mankind</i>, Volume 5: United States (Chicago: The History Publishing Association, 1902) p. 127 ("The second outbreak occurred April 18th, 1644... Opechankano was taken prisoner, and died in Jamestown while a captive")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rupert, Prince", by Charles Harding Firth, in <i>The Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Volume 17 (Oxford University Press, 1922) p. 408 ("Rupert returned to Wales.. Defeating the parliamentarians at Stockport, he forced his way into Lancashire, stormed Bolton on 28 May, and captured Liverpool on 11 June", quoting Ormerod, <i>Civil War Tracts of Lancashire</i>, p. 187)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevene1999" class="citation book cs1">Levene, Mark (1999). <i>The massacre in history</i>. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781571819345" title="Special:BookSources/9781571819345"><bdi>9781571819345</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+massacre+in+history&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781571819345&rft.aulast=Levene&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Black1996" class="citation book cs1">Jeremy Black (1996). <i>The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+Atlas+of+Warfare%3A+Renaissance+to+Revolution%2C+1492-1792&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Jeremy+Black&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevillain2002" class="citation book cs1">Levillain, Philippe (2002). <i>The papacy : an encyclopedia</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 801. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415922289" title="Special:BookSources/9780415922289"><bdi>9780415922289</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+papacy+%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=801&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780415922289&rft.aulast=Levillain&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalle2003" class="citation book cs1">Walle, Willy (2003). <i>The history of the relations between the Low Countries and China in the Qing era (1644-1911</i>. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press Ferdinand Verbiest Foundation. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789058673152" title="Special:BookSources/9789058673152"><bdi>9789058673152</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+relations+between+the+Low+Countries+and+China+in+the+Qing+era+%281644-1911&rft.place=Leuven%2C+Belgium&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Leuven+University+Press+Ferdinand+Verbiest+Foundation&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789058673152&rft.aulast=Walle&rft.aufirst=Willy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLowther1979" class="citation book cs1">Lowther, Kenneth (1979). <i>Dartmoor, Exeter..</i>. London: Ward Lock. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780706357929" title="Special:BookSources/9780706357929"><bdi>9780706357929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dartmoor%2C+Exeter...&rft.place=London&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Ward+Lock&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780706357929&rft.aulast=Lowther&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDumas1998" class="citation book cs1">Dumas, Alexandre (1998). <i>The Vicomte de Bragelonne</i>. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 674. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192834638" title="Special:BookSources/9780192834638"><bdi>9780192834638</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vicomte+de+Bragelonne&rft.place=Oxford+New+York&rft.pages=674&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780192834638&rft.aulast=Dumas&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchiavone2009" class="citation book cs1">Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). <i>Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F</i>. <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0,_Malta" title="Pietà, Malta">Pietà</a>: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 756. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789993291329" title="Special:BookSources/9789993291329"><bdi>9789993291329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Maltese+Biographies+Vol.+1+A%E2%80%93F&rft.place=Piet%C3%A0&rft.pages=756&rft.pub=Pubblikazzjonijiet+Indipendenza&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789993291329&rft.aulast=Schiavone&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFetis2013" class="citation book cs1">Fetis, FirstName (2013). <i>Anthony Stradivari the Celebrated Violin Maker</i>. Newburyport: Dover Publications. p. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486316529" title="Special:BookSources/9780486316529"><bdi>9780486316529</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthony+Stradivari+the+Celebrated+Violin+Maker&rft.place=Newburyport&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780486316529&rft.aulast=Fetis&rft.aufirst=FirstName&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker2002" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Christopher (2002). <i>Absolutism and the scientific revolution, 1600-1720 : a biographical dictionary</i>. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 382. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313308277" title="Special:BookSources/9780313308277"><bdi>9780313308277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Absolutism+and+the+scientific+revolution%2C+1600-1720+%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn&rft.pages=382&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780313308277&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Evelyn2000" class="citation book cs1">John Evelyn (2000). <i>The Diary of John Evelyn: 1620-1649</i>. Clarendon Press. p. 379.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diary+of+John+Evelyn%3A+1620-1649&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.au=John+Evelyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVenning2005" class="citation book cs1">Venning, Timothy (2005). <i>Compendium of British office holders</i>. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230505872" title="Special:BookSources/9780230505872"><bdi>9780230505872</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+British+office+holders&rft.place=Houndmills%2C+Basingstoke%2C+Hampshire+New+York&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780230505872&rft.aulast=Venning&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker2002" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Christopher (2002). <i>Absolutism and the scientific revolution, 1600-1720 : a biographical dictionary</i>. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313308277" title="Special:BookSources/9780313308277"><bdi>9780313308277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Absolutism+and+the+scientific+revolution%2C+1600-1720+%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780313308277&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1644" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1644&oldid=1242260944">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1644&oldid=1242260944</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1644" title="Category:1644">1644</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar">Leap years in the Gregorian calendar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2016" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2016">Articles needing additional references from August 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_June_2020" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2020">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification">All Wikipedia articles needing clarification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 August 2024, at 21:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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