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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/20px-Padlock-silver.svg.png" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/30px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/40px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Sport</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom"> (Redirected from <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports&redirect=no" title="Sports">Sports</a>)</span></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">For other uses, see <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_(disambiguation)" title="Sport (disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig">Sport (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg/300px-Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg" width="300" height="170" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg/450px-Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg/600px-Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1419"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Sport in <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood" title="Childhood">childhood</a>. <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a>, shown above, is a <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team sport</a> which also provides opportunities to nurture <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_fitness" title="Physical fitness">physical fitness</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_actions" title="Social actions">social interaction</a> skills.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChessStartingPosition.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChessStartingPosition.jpg/200px-ChessStartingPosition.jpg" width="200" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChessStartingPosition.jpg/300px-ChessStartingPosition.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChessStartingPosition.jpg/400px-ChessStartingPosition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChessStartingPosition.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The International Olympic Committee recognizes some board games as sports including <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p><b>Sport</b> (or <b>sports</b>) is all forms of usually <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competitive</a> <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_activity" title="Physical activity" class="mw-redirect">physical activity</a> which,<sup id="cite_ref-sportaccord_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sportaccord-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> to participants, and in some cases, spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-council_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-council-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of sports exist, from those requiring only two participants, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team" title="Team">teams</a> or competing as individuals.</p> <p>Sport is generally recognised as activities which are based in physical <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athleticism" title="Athleticism" class="mw-redirect">athleticism</a> or physical <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexterity" title="Dexterity" class="mw-redirect">dexterity</a>, with the largest major competitions such as the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> admitting only sports meeting this definition,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> and other organisations such as the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> using definitions precluding activities without a physical element from classification as sports.<sup id="cite_ref-council_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-council-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> However, a number of competitive, but non-physical, activities claim recognition as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_sport" title="Mind sport">mind sports</a>. The International Olympic Committee (through <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_IOC_Recognised_International_Sports_Federations" title="Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations">ARISF</a>) recognises both <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">bridge</a> as <i>bona fide</i> sports, and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SportAccord" title="SportAccord">SportAccord</a>, the international sports federation association, recognises five non-physical sports,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> although limits the amount of mind games which can be admitted as sports.<sup id="cite_ref-sportaccord_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sportaccord-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Sports are usually governed by a set of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_sport" title="Regulation of sport">rules</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">customs</a>, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_(sport)" title="Goal (sport)">goals</a> or crossing a line first. It can also be determined by judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance, including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression.</p> <p>In organised sport, records of performance are often kept, and for popular sports, this information may be widely announced or reported in <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">sport news</a>. In addition, sport is a major source of entertainment for non-participants, with <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">spectator sport</a> drawing large crowds to venues, and reaching wider audiences through <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_of_sports_events" title="Broadcasting of sports events">broadcasting</a>.</p> <p>According to A.T. Kearney, a consultancy, the global sporting industry is worth up to $620 billion as of 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Meaning_and_usage"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Meaning and usage</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Nomenclature"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Nomenclature</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Definition"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Definition</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Competition"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Competition</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Fair_play"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Fair play</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sportsmanship"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sportsmanship</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Cheating"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cheating</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Doping_and_drugs"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Doping and drugs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Violence"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Violence</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Participation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Participation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Gender_participation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Gender participation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Youth_participation"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Youth participation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Disabled_participation"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Disabled participation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Spectator_involvement"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Spectator involvement</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Issues_and_considerations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Issues and considerations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Amateur_and_professional"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Amateur and professional</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Technology"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Technology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Popularity"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Popularity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Meaning_and_usage">Meaning and usage</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h3> <p>"Sport" comes from the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Old French</a> <i>desport</i> meaning "leisure", with the oldest definition in English from around 1300 being "anything humans find amusing or entertaining".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the purpose of gambling; hunting; and games and diversions, including ones that require exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Roget's defines the noun sport as an "activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement" with synonyms including diversion and recreation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</span></h3> <p>The singular term "sport" is used in most English dialects to describe the overall concept (e.g. "children taking part in sport"), with "sports" used to describe multiple activities (e.g. "football and rugby are the most popular sports in England"). American English uses "sports" for both terms.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Definition">Definition</span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game#Definitions" title="Game">Game § Definitions</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Showjumping_white_horse.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Showjumping_white_horse.jpg/200px-Showjumping_white_horse.jpg" width="200" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Showjumping_white_horse.jpg/300px-Showjumping_white_horse.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Showjumping_white_horse.jpg/400px-Showjumping_white_horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Showjumping_white_horse.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_Jumping" title="Show Jumping" class="mw-redirect">Show Jumping</a>, an <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a> sport</div> </div> </div> <p>The precise definition of what separates a sport from other leisure activities varies between sources. The closest to an international agreement on a definition is provided by <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SportAccord" title="SportAccord">SportAccord</a>, which is the association for all the largest international sports federations (including <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>, <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" title="Athletics (sport)" class="mw-redirect">athletics</a>, <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a>, <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian sports</a> and more), and is therefore the <i>de facto</i> representative of international sport.</p> <p>SportAccord uses the following criteria, determining that a sport should:<sup id="cite_ref-sportaccord_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sportaccord-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>have an element of competition</li> <li>be in no way harmful to any living creature</li> <li>not rely on equipment provided by a single supplier (excluding proprietary games such as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">arena football</a>)</li> <li>not rely on any "luck" element specifically designed into the sport</li> </ul> <p>They also recognise that sport can be primarily physical (such as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" title="Athletics (sport)" class="mw-redirect">athletics</a>), primarily mind (such as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">go</a>), predominantly motorised (such as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_1" title="Formula 1" class="mw-redirect">Formula 1</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerboating" title="Powerboating">powerboating</a>), primarily co-ordination (such as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">billiard sports</a>), or primarily animal-supported (such as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian sport</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-sportaccord_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sportaccord-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>There has been an increase in the application of the term "sport" to a wider set of non-physical challenges such as <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_sports" title="Electronic sports">electronic sports</a>, especially due to the large scale of participation and organised competition, but these are not widely recognised by mainstream sports organisations.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Competition">Competition</span></h3> <p>There are opposing views on the necessity of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competition</a> as a defining element of a sport, with almost all <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_sport" title="Professional sport" class="mw-redirect">professional sport</a> involving competition, and governing bodies requiring competition as a prerequisite of recognition by the International Olympic Committee(IOC) or SportAccord.<sup id="cite_ref-sportaccord_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sportaccord-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Other bodies advocate widening the definition of sport to include all physical activity. For instance, the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> include all forms of physical exercise, including those completed just for fun.</p> <p>In order to widen participation, and reduce the impact of losing on less able participants, there has been an introduction of non-competitive physical activity to traditionally competitive events such as school <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_day" title="Sports day">sports days</a>, although moves like this are often controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In competitive events, participants are graded or classified based on their "result" and often divided into groups of comparable performance, (e.g. gender, weight and age). The measurement of the result may be objective or subjective, and corrected with "handicaps" or penalties. In a race, for example, the time to complete the course is an objective measurement. In <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving" title="Diving">diving</a> the result is decided by a panel of judges, and therefore subjective. There are many shades of judging between boxing and mixed martial arts, where victory is assigned by judges if neither competitor has lost at the end of the match time.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_sport" title="History of sport">History of sport</a></div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg/150px-Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg" width="150" height="242" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg/225px-Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg/300px-Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="3274"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_statue_discus_thrower_2_century_aC.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> bronze reduction of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron" title="Myron">Myron</a>'s <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discobolos" title="Discobolos" class="mw-redirect">Discobolos</a>, 2nd century AD.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_(8465481816).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_%288465481816%29.jpg/200px-Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_%288465481816%29.jpg" width="200" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_%288465481816%29.jpg/300px-Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_%288465481816%29.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_%288465481816%29.jpg/400px-Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_%288465481816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Go%C5%9Bcie_Intel_Extreme_Masters_(8465481816).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_sports" title="Electronic sports">Electronic sports</a> are a recent development.</div> </div> </div> <p>There are artifacts and structures that suggest that the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> engaged in sporting activities as early as 2000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Gymnastics appears to have been a popular sport in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Other Egyptian sports included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient Persian sports such as the traditional <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> martial art of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zourkhaneh" title="Zourkhaneh" class="mw-redirect">Zourkhaneh</a> had a close connection to the warfare skills.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Among other sports that originate in ancient <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a> are <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">jousting</a>.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg/200px-Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg" width="200" height="89" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg/300px-Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg/400px-Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="678"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bruno_Senna_2006_Australian_Grand_Prix.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">Motorized sports</a> have appeared since the advent of the modern age</div> </div> </div> <p>A wide range of sports were already established by the time of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> and the military culture and the development of sports in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sports became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnesus</a> called <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Sports have been increasingly organised and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialisation has brought increased leisure time to the citizens of developed and developing countries, leading to more time for citizens to attend and follow spectator sports, greater participation in athletic activities, and increased accessibility. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans began following the exploits of professional athletes through radio, television, and the internet — all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fair_play">Fair play</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</span></h3> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</a></div> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamesmanship" title="Gamesmanship">Gamesmanship</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_isn%27t_everything;_it%27s_the_only_thing" title="Winning isn't everything; it's the only thing">Winning isn't everything; it's the only thing</a></div> <p>Sportsmanship is an attitude that strives for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents, ethical behaviour and integrity, and grace in victory or defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Sportsmanship expresses an aspiration or ethos that the activity will be enjoyed for its own sake. The well-known sentiment by sports journalist <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantland_Rice" title="Grantland Rice">Grantland Rice</a>, that it's "not that you won or lost but how you played the game", and the modern Olympic creed expressed by its founder <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a>: "The most important thing... is not winning but taking part" are typical expressions of this sentiment.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cheating">Cheating</span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_fixing" title="Match fixing">Match fixing</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheating" title="Cheating">cheating</a></div> <p>Key principles of sport include that the result should not be predetermined, and that both sides should have equal opportunity to win. Rules are in place to ensure that fair play to occur, but participants can break these rules in order to gain advantage.</p> <p>Participants may choose to cheat in order to satisfy their desire to win, or in order to achieve an ulterior motive. The widespread existence of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a> on the results of sports fixtures creates the motivation for <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_fixing" title="Match fixing">match fixing</a>, where a participant or participants deliberately work to ensure a given outcome.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Doping_and_drugs">Doping and drugs</span></h3> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_performance-enhancing_drugs_in_sport" title="Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport" class="mw-redirect">Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport</a></div> <p>The competitive nature of sport encourages some participants to attempt to enhance their performance through the use of medicines, or through other means such as increasing the volume of blood in their bodies through artificial means.</p> <p>All sports recognised by the IOC or SportAccord are required to implement a testing programme, looking for a list of banned drugs, with suspensions or bans being placed on participants who test positive for banned substances.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Violence">Violence</span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_in_sports" title="Violence in sports">Violence in sports</a> involves crossing the line between fair competition and intentional aggressive violence. Athletes, coaches, fans, and parents sometimes unleash violent behaviour on people or property, in misguided shows of loyalty, dominance, anger, or celebration. <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rioting" title="Rioting" class="mw-redirect">Rioting</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooliganism" title="Hooliganism">hooliganism</a> are common and ongoing problems at national and international sporting contests.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Participation">Participation</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Gender_participation">Gender participation</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG/200px-Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG" width="200" height="224" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG/300px-Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG/400px-Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="2550"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fernanda_BRITO_5962.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Fernanda Brito of Chile playing women's doubles tennis at <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon" title="The Championships, Wimbledon">Wimbledon</a> in 2010.</div> </div> </div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="image"><img alt="[icon]" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" width="20" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31"/></a></td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section requires <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport&action=edit">expansion</a>. <small><i>(March 2012)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">Women's sports</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_sports_in_the_United_States" title="Women's sports in the United States" class="mw-redirect">Women's sports in the United States</a></div> <p>Female participation in sports continues to rise alongside the opportunity for involvement and the value of sports for <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_development" title="Child development">child development</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_fitness" title="Physical fitness">physical fitness</a>. Despite gains during the last three decades, a gap persists in the enrollment figures between male and female players. Female players account for 39% of the total participation in US interscholastic athletics. Gender balance has been accelerating from a 32% increase in 1973–74 to a 63% increase in 1994–95. Hessel (2000)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A more detailed citation is required. (March 2011)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Youth_participation">Youth participation</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="image"><img alt="[icon]" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" width="20" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31"/></a></td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section requires <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport&action=edit">expansion</a>. <small><i>(March 2012)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <p>Youth sports present children with opportunities for fun, socialization, forming peer relationships, physical fitness, and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_scholarship" title="Athletic scholarship">athletic scholarships</a>. Activists for <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> and the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs" class="mw-redirect">war on drugs</a> encourage youth sports as a means to increase <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participation_inequality" title="Participation inequality">educational participation</a> and to fight the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">illegal drug trade</a>. According to the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_(Columbus)#Research_and_education" title="Nationwide Children's Hospital (Columbus)" class="mw-redirect">Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children's Hospital</a>, the biggest risk for youth sports is death or serious injury including <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">concussion</a>. These risks come from running, basketball, football, volleyball, soccer, gymnastics, and ice hockey.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Disabled_participation">Disabled participation</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg/220px-David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg" width="220" height="135" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg/330px-David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg/440px-David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3868" data-file-height="2373"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A runner gives a friendly tap on the shoulder to a wheelchair racer during the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Marathon" title="Paris Marathon"><i>Marathon International de Paris</i> (Paris Marathon)</a> in 2014.</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabled_sports" title="Disabled sports">Disabled sports</a></div> <p><b>Disabled sports</b> also <b>adaptive sports</b> or <b>parasports</b>, are sports played by persons with a <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disability</a>, including <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_disability" title="Physical disability">physical</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disabilities" title="Intellectual disabilities" class="mw-redirect">intellectual disabilities</a>. As many of these based on existing sports modified to meet the needs of persons with a disability, they are sometimes referred to as <i>adapted sports</i>. However, not all disabled sports are adapted; several sports that have been specifically created for persons with a disability have no equivalent in able-bodied sports.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Spectator_involvement">Spectator involvement</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1906_Athens_stadium.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/1906_Athens_stadium.jpg/220px-1906_Athens_stadium.jpg" width="220" height="137" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/1906_Athens_stadium.jpg/330px-1906_Athens_stadium.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/1906_Athens_stadium.jpg/440px-1906_Athens_stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="398"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1906_Athens_stadium.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Spectators at the 1906 unofficial Olympic Games</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">Spectator sport</a></div> <p>The competition element of sport, along with the aesthetic appeal of some sports, result in the popularity of people attending to watch sport being played. This has led to the specific phenomenon of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">spectator sport</a>.</p> <p>Both amateur and professional sports attract spectators, both in person at the sport venue, and through broadcast mediums including <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio</a>, <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> broadcast. Both attendance in person and viewing remotely can incur a sometimes substantial charge, such as an entrance ticket, or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a> television broadcast.</p> <p>It is common for popular sports to attract large broadcast audiences, leading to rival broadcasters bidding large amounts of money for the rights to show certain fixtures. The football <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">World Cup</a> attracts a global <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> audience of hundreds of millions; the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006</a> <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_Finals" title="FIFA World Cup Finals" class="mw-redirect">final</a> alone attracted an estimated worldwide audience of well over 700 million and the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup_Final" title="2011 Cricket World Cup Final">2011 Cricket World Cup Final</a> attracted an estimated audience of 135 million in India alone .<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the championship game of the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a>, the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a>, has become one of the most watched television broadcasts of the year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Super Bowl Sunday is a <i>de facto</i> national holiday in America; the viewership being so great that in 2007 advertising space was reported as being sold at <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$" title="$" class="mw-redirect">$</a>2.6m for a 30-second slot.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Issues_and_considerations">Issues and considerations</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Amateur_and_professional">Amateur and professional</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg/200px-OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg" width="200" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg/300px-OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg/400px-OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="840"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OHL-Hockey-Plymouth-Whalers-vs-Saginaw-Spirit.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Modern sports have complex <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_sport" title="Regulation of sport">rules</a> and are highly organized.</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_sport" title="Professional sport" class="mw-redirect">professional sport</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_sport" title="Amateur sport" class="mw-redirect">amateur sport</a></div> <p>Sport can be undertaken on an amateur, professional or semi-professional basis, depending on whether participants are incentivised for participation (usually through payment of a <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">wage</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salary" title="Salary">salary</a>).</p> <p>The popularity of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">spectator sport</a> as a recreation for non-participants has led to sport becoming a major business in its own right, and this has incentivised a high paying <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_sport" title="Professional sport" class="mw-redirect">professional sport</a> culture, where high performing participants are rewarded with pay far in excess of average wages, which can run into millions of dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Some sports, or individual competitions within a sport, retain a policy of allowing only <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_sport" title="Amateur sport" class="mw-redirect">amateur sport</a>. The <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> started with a principle of amateur competition with those who practiced a sport professionally considered to have an unfair advantage over those who practiced it merely as a hobby.<sup id="cite_ref-OIdeology_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OIdeology-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> Following the 1988 games, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the Olympics, with only <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> still competed on an "amateur" basis, although this revolves around rules, and not payment.</p> <p><b>Grassroots sport</b> is a popular phrase which covers the amateur participation in sport at lower levels, normally without pretension towards higher achievement, and is in line with the "sport for all" mentality, where enjoyment is the primary reason for participation.<sup id="cite_ref-council_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-council-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-White_Paper_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_Paper-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Technology">Technology</span></h3> <p>Technology plays an important part in modern sports. With it being a necessary part of some sports (such as motorsport), it is used in others to improve performance.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_science" title="Sports science">Sports science</a> is a widespread academic discipline, and can be applied to areas including athlete performance, such as the use of video analysis to fine-tune technique, or to equipment, such as improved <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_shoe" title="Running shoe" class="mw-redirect">running shoes</a> or <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_swimwear" title="Competitive swimwear">competitive swimwear</a>.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_engineering" title="Sports engineering">Sports engineering</a> emerged as a discipline in 1998 with an increasing focus not just on materials design but also the use of technology in sport, from analytics and big data to <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable_technology" title="Wearable technology">wearable technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaining_Steam_in_Sports_Technology_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaining_Steam_in_Sports_Technology-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In order to control the impact of technology on fair play, governing bodies frequently have specific rules that are set to control the impact of technical advantage between participants.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Popularity">Popularity</span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_Football" title="Association Football" class="mw-redirect">Association Football</a> (also known as Soccer) is the most popular sport in the World. <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_Football" title="Association Football" class="mw-redirect">Association Football</a> is the most popular sport in 320 National Associations (countries) out of the total 345 National Associations on the planet. It has more number of registered players than any other sport in the world. The revenue generated by Association Football is higher than any other sport in the world. The Spectatorship for Association Football is higher than any other sport in the world. The <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> is the most popular and the most followed sporting event in the world with an average viewership of 3.5 Billion people worldwide.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width:52px"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204"/></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small><i>(May 2010)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_and_sports" title="Politics and sports">Politics and sports</a></div> <p>Sports and politics can influence each other greatly.</p> <p>The <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a> held in <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> was an illustration, perhaps best recognised in retrospect, where an ideology was developing which used the event to strengthen its spread through propaganda. The Berlin Olympics, which took place on August 1936, on the eve of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> is a classical example of the symbiosis of the politics and sports. The Olympics were highly valuable to <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> for propaganda purposes. Germany used the Olympics to give of itself a peaceful image while it was very actively preparing the war, and they helped smooth the way to the racist <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Semitism" title="Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect">anti-Semitism</a> of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>When <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> was the official policy in <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, many sports people, particularly in <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, adopted the conscientious approach that they should not appear in competitive sports there. Some feel this was an effective contribution to the eventual demolition of the policy of apartheid, others feel that it may have prolonged and reinforced its worst effects.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In the history of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, Gaelic sports were connected with <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">cultural nationalism</a>. Until the mid 20th century a person could have been banned from playing <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a>, <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a>, or other sports administered by the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" title="Gaelic Athletic Association">Gaelic Athletic Association</a> (GAA) if she/he played or supported <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, or other games seen to be of <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> origin. Until recently the GAA continued to ban the playing of football and <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> at Gaelic venues. This ban is still enforced, but was modified to allow football and rugby to be played in <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croke_Park" title="Croke Park">Croke Park</a> while <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansdowne_Road" title="Lansdowne Road">Lansdowne Road</a> was redeveloped into <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviva_Stadium" title="Aviva Stadium">Aviva Stadium</a>. Until recently, under Rule 21, the GAA also banned members of the British security forces and members of the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">RUC</a> from playing Gaelic games, but the advent of the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a> in 1998 led to the eventual removal of the ban.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> is often evident in the pursuit of sports, or in its reporting: people compete in national teams, or commentators and audiences can adopt a partisan view. On occasion, such tensions can lead to violent confrontation among players or spectators within and beyond the sporting venue, as in the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">Football War</a>. These trends are seen by many as contrary to the fundamental ethos of sports being carried on for its own sake and for the enjoyment of its participants.</p> <p>A very famous case when sports and politics collided was the 1972 Olympics in Munich. Masked men entered the hotel of the Israeli olympic team and killed many of their men. This was known as the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>.</p> <p>A study of US elections has shown that the result of sports events can affect the results. A study published in the <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Science" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Science" class="mw-redirect">Proceedings of the National Academy of Science</a> showed that when the home team wins the game before the election, the incumbent candidates can increase their share of the vote by 1.5 percent. A loss had the opposite effect, and the effect is greater for higher-profile teams or unexpected wins and losses. The study authors concluded that the win made voters feel better about society, boosting votes for the incumbent, while losses made voters feel worse, sending votes to the challenger.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tr style="vertical-align:middle"> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sports_and_games.png" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Sports_and_games.png/31px-Sports_and_games.png" width="31" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Sports_and_games.png/46px-Sports_and_games.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Sports_and_games.png/61px-Sports_and_games.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="125"/></a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sports_and_games" title="Portal:Sports and games" class="mw-redirect">Sports and games portal</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_sports" title="Outline of sports">Outline of sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sports" title="List of sports">List of sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sportspeople" title="List of sportspeople" class="mw-redirect">List of sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sports_attendance_figures" title="List of sports attendance figures">List of sports attendance figures</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues" title="List of professional sports leagues">List of professional sports leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Media_and_Sports" title="New Media and Sports">New Media and Sports</a></li> </ul> <dl> <dt>Related topics</dt> </dl> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" title="Athletics (sport)" class="mw-redirect">Athletic sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">Combat sport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabled_sports" title="Disabled sports">Disabled sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_sports" title="Electronic sports">Electronic sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_(person)" title="Fan (person)">Fan (person)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handedness#Advantage_in_sports" title="Handedness">Handedness#Advantage in sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sport" title="International sport">International sport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_sport" title="Mind sport">Mind sport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_sports" title="Motor sports" class="mw-redirect">Motor sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-sport_events" title="Multi-sport events" class="mw-redirect">Multi-sport events</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism_and_sports" title="Nationalism and sports" class="mw-redirect">Nationalism and sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsorship" title="Sponsorship" class="mw-redirect">Sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_film" title="Sport in film" class="mw-redirect">Sport in film</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_psychology" title="Sport psychology">Sport psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club">Sports club</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_coaching" title="Sports coaching" class="mw-redirect">Sports coaching</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_commentator" title="Sports commentator">Sports commentator</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_equipment" title="Sports equipment">Sports equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_fan" title="Sports fan" class="mw-redirect">Sports fan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Sports governing body</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_injuries" title="Sports injuries" class="mw-redirect">Sports injuries</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_league_attendances" title="Sports league attendances" class="mw-redirect">Sports league attendances</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_marketing" title="Sports marketing">Sports marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_terms_named_after_people" title="Sports terms named after people" class="mw-redirect">Sports terms named after people</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_trainer" title="Sports trainer" class="mw-redirect">Sports trainer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsperson" title="Sportsperson" class="mw-redirect">Sportsperson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_sports" title="Underwater sports">Underwater sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">Women's sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_sports" title="Water sports" class="mw-redirect">Water sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_sport" title="Winter sport">Winter sport</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sportaccord-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sportaccord_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sportaccord_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sportaccord_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sportaccord_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sportaccord_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idIndex=32&idContent=14881">"Definition of sport"</a>. SportAccord.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=Definition+of+sport&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportaccord.com%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Findex.php%3FidIndex%3D32%26idContent%3D14881&rft.pub=SportAccord&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-council-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-council_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-council_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-council_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Council of Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://wcd.coe.int/wcd/ViewDoc.jsp?id=206451">"The Europien sport charter"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-05</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.au=Council+of+Europe&rft.aulast=Council+of+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Europien+sport+charter&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwcd.coe.int%2Fwcd%2FViewDoc.jsp%3Fid%3D206451&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.olympic.org/sports">"List of Summer and Winter Olympic Sports and Events"</a>. The Olympic Movement.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=List+of+Summer+and+Winter+Olympic+Sports+and+Events&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fsports&rft.pub=The+Olympic+Movement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.sportaccord.com/en/multi-sports-games/index.php?idIndex=35&idContent=658">"World Mind Games"</a>. SportAccord.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=World+Mind+Games&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportaccord.com%2Fen%2Fmulti-sports-games%2Findex.php%3FidIndex%3D35%26idContent%3D658&rft.pub=SportAccord&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idContent=644&idIndex=32">"Members"</a>. SportAccord.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=Members&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportaccord.com%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Findex.php%3FidContent%3D644%26idIndex%3D32&rft.pub=SportAccord&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.economist.com/news/international/21585012-sportswomen-are-beginning-score-more-commercial-goalsbut-they-still-have-lot-ground">http://www.economist.com/news/international/21585012-sportswomen-are-beginning-score-more-commercial-goalsbut-they-still-have-lot-ground</a> Women in sport: Game, sex and match</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=sport&searchmode=none">"sport (n.)"</a>. <i>Online Etymological Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Touny (EGY), IOC Member"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=Mr+Ahmed+D.+Touny+%28EGY%29%2C+IOC+Member&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioa.leeds.ac.uk%2F1980s%2F84085.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.kuwait-info.com/newsnew/NewsDetails1.asp?id=78319&dt=10/13/2006&ntype=World">"Persian warriors"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=Persian+warriors&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuwait-info.com%2Fnewsnew%2FNewsDetails1.asp%3Fid%3D78319%26dt%3D10%2F13%2F2006%26ntype%3DWorld&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/ancient/index_uk.asp">"Ancient Olympic Games"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=Ancient+Olympic+Games&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fuk%2Fgames%2Fancient%2Findex_uk.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.merriam.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=sportsmanship">"Sportsmanship"</a>. Merriam-Webster.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=Sportsmanship&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdictionary%3Fva%3Dsportsmanship&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Fish, Joel; Magee, Susan (2003). <i>101 Ways to Be a Terrific Sports Parent</i>. Fireside. p. 168.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=Fish%2C+Joel&rft.aulast=Fish&rft.au=Magee%2C+Susan&rft.btitle=101+Ways+to+Be+a+Terrific+Sports+Parent&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Fireside&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Lacey, David (2007-11-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/11/10/it_takes_a_bad_loser_to_become.html">"It takes a bad loser to become a good winner"</a>. The Guardian.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Lacey%2C+David&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.btitle=It+takes+a+bad+loser+to+become+a+good+winner&rft.date=2007-11-10&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.guardian.co.uk%2Fsport%2F2007%2F11%2F10%2Fit_takes_a_bad_loser_to_become.html&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://healthland.time.com/2009/08/04/why-are-more-kids-getting-hurt-in-gym-class/">"Gym class injuries up 150% between 1997 and 2007"</a>, <i>Time</i>, 4 August 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/CorporateNews/135-mn-saw-World-Cup-final-TAM/Article1-683623.aspx">"135 mn saw World Cup final: TAM"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. April 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.atitle=135+mn+saw+World+Cup+final%3A+TAM&rft.date=April+10%2C+2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fbusiness-news%2FCorporateNews%2F135-mn-saw-World-Cup-final-TAM%2FArticle1-683623.aspx&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Freedman, Jonah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/specials/fortunate50-2011/index.html">"Fortunate 50 2011"</a>. Sports Illustrated.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Jonah&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.btitle=Fortunate+50+2011&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fspecials%2Ffortunate50-2011%2Findex.html&rft.pub=Sports+Illustrated&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-OIdeology-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OIdeology_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Eassom, Simon (1994). <i>Critical Reflections on Olympic Ideology</i>. Ontario: The Centre for Olympic Studies. pp. 120–123. <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7714-1697-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7714-1697-0">0-7714-1697-0</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.au=Eassom%2C+Simon&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.aulast=Eassom&rft.btitle=Critical+Reflections+on+Olympic+Ideology&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7714-1697-0&rft.pages=120-123&rft.place=Ontario&rft.pub=The+Centre+for+Olympic+Studies&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-White_Paper-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White_Paper_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">European Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://ec.europa.eu/sport/white-paper/index_en.htm">"The White Paper on Sport"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 11.7.2007</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.au=European+Commission&rft.aulast=European+Commission&rft.btitle=The+White+Paper+on+Sport&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fsport%2Fwhite-paper%2Findex_en.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since January 2015">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gaining_Steam_in_Sports_Technology-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaining_Steam_in_Sports_Technology_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="Slice_of_MIT" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://alum.mit.edu/pages/sliceofmit/2014/06/17/mit-steam-sports-technology/">"Gaining Steam in Sports Technology"</a>. <i>Slice of MIT</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2015</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.atitle=Gaining+Steam+in+Sports+Technology&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falum.mit.edu%2Fpages%2Fsliceofmit%2F2014%2F06%2F17%2Fmit-steam-sports-technology%2F&rft.jtitle=Slice+of+MIT&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kulttuurivihkot 1 2009 Berliinin olympialaiset 1936 Poliittisen viattomuuden menetys Jouko Jokisalo 28-29<span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#555;">(Finnish)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00165.x">"Sport and apartheid"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.btitle=Sport+and+apartheid&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-0542.2005.00165.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Tyler Cowen; Kevin Grier (October 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2012/10/how_the_presidential_race_between_barack_obama_and_mitt_romney_could_be.html">"Will Ohio State's Football Team Decide Who Wins the White House?"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate.com" title="Slate.com" class="mw-redirect">Slate.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASport&rft.atitle=Will+Ohio+State%27s+Football+Team+Decide+Who+Wins+the+White+House%3F&rft.au=Kevin+Grier&rft.aulast=Tyler+Cowen&rft.au=Tyler+Cowen&rft.date=October+24%2C+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F10%2Fhow_the_presidential_race_between_barack_obama_and_mitt_romney_could_be.html&rft.jtitle=Slate.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <ul> <li>European Commission (2007), <i>The White Paper on Sport</i>.</li> <li>Council of Europe (2001), <i>The Europien sport charter</i>.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2> <ul> <li><i>The Meaning of Sports</i> by Michael Mandel (PublicAffairs, <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1586482521" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-58648-252-1</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/http://journals.humankinetics.com/jps">Journal of the Philosophy of Sport</a></li> <li>Sullivan, George. <i>The Complete Sports Dictionary</i>. New York: Scholastic Book Services, 1979. 199 p. <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0590057316" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-590-05731-6</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#f9f9f9;"> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.75em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"> <div style="clear:both;">Find more about<br/> <b>Sports</b><br/> at Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="Search Wiktionary" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="23" height="25" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089"/></a></td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Sports">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" title="Search Commons"><img alt="Search Commons" 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src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" width="25" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"/></a></td> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Sports">News stories</a> from Wikinews</td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="Search Wikiquote" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="21" height="25" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></a></td> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Sports">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="24" height="25" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150520160505im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></a></td> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Sports">Source texts</a> from Wikisource</td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sports" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="Search Wikibooks" 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Alemannisch" lang="als" hreflang="als">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%96%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ስፖርት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plega" title="Plega – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="رياضة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esporte" title="Esporte – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deporte" title="Deporte – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetepyso" title="Jetepyso – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqikuna_anata%C3%B1a" title="Taqikuna anataña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dman" title="İdman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farikolo%C9%B2%C9%9Bnaj%C9%9B" title="Farikoloɲɛnajɛ – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্রীড়া – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot" title="Spot – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoat" title="Spoat – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="ལུས་རྩལ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Тамир – буряад" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esport" title="Esport – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paugnat_sa_kusog" title="Paugnat sa kusog – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deporte" title="Deporte – Chavacano de Zamboanga" lang="cbk-zam" hreflang="cbk-zam">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chwaraeon" title="Chwaraeon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schparret" title="Schparret – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc">Deitsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αθλητισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deporte" title="Deporte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporto" title="Sporto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirol" title="Kirol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4" title="ورزش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dtr%C3%B3ttur" title="Ítróttur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3rt" title="Spórt – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoyrt" title="Spoyrt – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B2rs" title="Spòrs – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deporte" title="Deporte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="運動 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A4-%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A4" title="રમત-ગમત – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0" title="스포츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Սպորտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खेल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0port" title="Šport – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporto" title="Sporto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahraga" title="Olahraga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezemidlalo" title="Ezemidlalo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh">IsiXhosa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%BEr%C3%B3tt" title="Íþrótt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="ספורט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahraga" title="Olahraga – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv">Basa Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timersorneq" title="Timersorneq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl">Kalaallisut</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕ್ರೀಡೆಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiknangan" title="Pasiknangan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="სპორტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szp%C3%B2rt" title="Szpòrt – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umukino" title="Umukino – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw">Kinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michezo" title="Michezo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BC%D3%A7%D0%B3" title="Чожмӧг – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%B2_(div%C3%A8tisman)" title="Espò (divètisman) – Haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werzi%C5%9F" title="Werziş – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espor" title="Espor – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2" title="ກິລາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports" title="Sports – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg">Latgaļu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_athletica" title="Ars athletica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports" title="Sports – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportas" title="Sportas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjport" title="Sjport – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="കായികവിനോദം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B3" title="खेळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4" title="ورزش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan" title="Sukan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87porto" title="Çporto – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Спортсь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Low Saxon (Netherlands)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खेल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="कासा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84" title="スポーツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Norwegian (bokmål)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrett" title="Idrett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Nouormand" lang="nrm" hreflang="nrm">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporte" title="Sporte – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%B2rt" title="Espòrt – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1" title="ਖੇਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="سپورٹس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deporte" title="Deporte – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%DA%93%DA%9A%D8%AA" title="تکړښت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desporto" title="Desporto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Crimean Turkish" lang="crh" hreflang="crh">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurku_kallpanchay" title="Kurku kallpanchay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шпорт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isport" title="Isport – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipapadi" title="Dipapadi – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporti" title="Sporti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F" title="ක්‍රීඩා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0port" title="Šport – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0port" title="Šport – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szport" title="Szport – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciyaaraha" title="Ciyaaraha – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4" title="وەرزش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheilu" title="Urheilu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palakasan" title="Palakasan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="உடல் திறன் விளையாட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addal" title="Addal – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt">Татарча/tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఆటలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B2" title="กีฬา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%96%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ስፖርት – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti">ትግርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Варзиш – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spor" title="Spor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="کھیل کود – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spor" title="Spor – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_thao" title="Thể thao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Võro" lang="fiu-vro" hreflang="fiu-vro">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paugnat-ha-Kusog" title="Paugnat-ha-Kusog – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98" title="ספארט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="運動 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spor" title="Spor – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport" title="Sport – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spuorts" title="Spuorts – Samogitian" lang="bat-smg" hreflang="bat-smg">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150520160505/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="体育运动 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li> <li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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