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class="mw-page-title-main">Ansgar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="أنسغار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنسغار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ансгар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ансгар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ансгар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ансгар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscari_de_Bremen" title="Anscari de Bremen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anscari de Bremen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar_von_Bremen" title="Ansgar von Bremen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ansgar von Bremen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascario_de_Amiens" title="Ascario de Amiens – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ascario de Amiens" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschaire_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Anschaire de Brême – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anschaire de Brême" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_di_Brema" title="Oscar di Brema – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oscar di Brema" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ანსგარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანსგარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar_Mtakatifu" title="Ansgar Mtakatifu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ansgar Mtakatifu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscharius_(archiepiscopus_Hamburgensis-Bremensis)" title="Anscharius (archiepiscopus Hamburgensis-Bremensis) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anscharius (archiepiscopus Hamburgensis-Bremensis)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ventasis_Ansgaras" title="Šventasis Ansgaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šventasis Ansgaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Oszk%C3%A1r" title="Szent Oszkár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Oszkár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انسجار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انسجار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgarius" title="Ansgarius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ansgarius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilage_Ansgar" title="Heilage Ansgar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Heilage Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar_(Bremen)" title="Ansgar (Bremen) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ansgar (Bremen)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansg%C3%A1rio_de_Hamburgo" title="Ansgário de Hamburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ansgário de Hamburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_(sf%C3%A2nt)" title="Oscar (sfânt) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oscar (sfânt)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ансгар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ансгар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ansgar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D2%91%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ансґар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ансґар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%AE%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="圣安斯加尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣安斯加尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110299#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian saint, Archbishop, and missionary</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ansgar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ansgar (disambiguation)">Ansgar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Saint</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Ansgar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bendixen_Ansgar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bendixen_Ansgar.jpg/220px-Bendixen_Ansgar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="502" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bendixen_Ansgar.jpg/330px-Bendixen_Ansgar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bendixen_Ansgar.jpg/440px-Bendixen_Ansgar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A depiction of Saint Ansgar by <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Bendixen" title="Siegfried Bendixen">Siegfried Bendixen</a> from the Church Trinitatis, in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Apostle of the North</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">8 September 801<br /><a href="/wiki/Corbie" title="Corbie">Corbie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 February 865<span style="display:none">(865-02-03)</span> (aged 63)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremen (city)">Bremen</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a><sup id="cite_ref-teccalendar_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teccalendar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 February</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dressed in archbishop's attire with a model of the church</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">Missionaries</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ansgar</b> (8 September 801 – 3 February 865), also known as <b>Anskar</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Saint Ansgar</b>, <b>Saint Anschar</b> or <b>Oscar</b>, was <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Bremen">Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen</a> in the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_East_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the East Franks">Kingdom of the East Franks</a>. Ansgar became known as the "Apostle of the North" because of his travels and the <a href="/wiki/See_of_Hamburg" class="mw-redirect" title="See of Hamburg">See of Hamburg</a> received the missionary mandate to bring Christianity to Northern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-ce_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SHMI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHMI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ansgar was the son of a noble <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> family, born near <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (present day France).<sup id="cite_ref-SHMI_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHMI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his mother's early death, Ansgar was brought up in <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corbie_Abbey" title="Corbie Abbey">Corbie</a> in <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SHMI_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHMI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Ansgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita Ansgari">Vita Ansgarii</a></i> ("Life of Ansgar"), when the little boy learned in a vision that his mother was in the company of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a>, his careless attitude toward spiritual matters changed to seriousness.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His pupil, successor, and eventual biographer <a href="/wiki/Rimbert" title="Rimbert">Rimbert</a> considered the visions (of which this was the first) to have been Ansgar's main life motivator. </p><p>Ansgar acted in the context of the phase of <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxony</a> (present day <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a>) begun by <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and continued by Charlemagne's son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>. In 822 Ansgar became one of many missionaries sent to found the abbey of <a href="/wiki/Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvey">Corvey</a> (New Corbie) in <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>, where he became a teacher and preacher. A group of monks including Ansgar were sent further north to <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> with the king <a href="/wiki/Harald_Klak" title="Harald Klak">Harald Klak</a>, who had received baptism during his exile. With Harald's downfall in 827 and Ansgar's companion Autbert having died, their school for the sons of courtiers closed and Ansgar returned to Germany. Then in 829, after the Swedish king <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_at_Hauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Björn at Hauge">Björn at Hauge</a> requested missionaries for his <a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedes</a>, King Louis sent Ansgar, now accompanied by friar Witmar from New Corbie as his assistant. Ansgar preached and made converts, particularly during six months at <a href="/wiki/Birka" title="Birka">Birka</a>, on Lake <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4laren" title="Mälaren">Mälaren</a>, where the wealthy widow <a href="/wiki/Mor_Frideborg" title="Mor Frideborg">Mor Frideborg</a> extended hospitality. Ansgar organized a small congregation with her and the king's steward, Hergeir, as its most prominent members. </p><p>In 831 Ansgar returned to Louis' court at <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a> and was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Archbishopric_of_Bremen" title="Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen">Archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen</a>. This was a new archbishopric, incorporating the bishoprics of Bremen and <a href="/wiki/Verden,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden, Germany">Verden</a> and with the right to send missions into all the northern lands, as well as to consecrate bishops for them. Ansgar received the mission of evangelizing pagan <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. The King of Sweden decided to cast lots as to whether to admit the Christian missionaries into his kingdom. Ansgar recommended the issue to the care of God, and the lot was favorable.<sup id="cite_ref-SHMI_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHMI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ansgar was consecrated as a bishop in November 831, with the approval of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IV" title="Pope Gregory IV">Gregory IV</a>. Before traveling north once again, Ansgar traveled to Rome to receive the <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">pallium</a> directly from the pope's hands, and was formally named legate for the northern lands. <a href="/wiki/Ebbo,_Archbishop_of_Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebbo, Archbishop of Reims">Ebbo, Archbishop of Reims</a> had previously received a similar commission, but would be deposed twice before his death in 851, and never actually traveled so far north, so the jurisdiction was divided by agreement, with Ebbo retaining Sweden for himself. For a time Ansgar devoted himself to the needs of his own diocese, which was still a missionary territory and had few churches. He founded a monastery and a school in Hamburg. Although intended to serve the Danish mission further north, it accomplished little. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> died in 840, his empire was divided and Ansgar lost the abbey of <a href="/wiki/Torhout" title="Torhout">Turholt</a>, which Louis had given to endow Ansgar's work. Then in 845, the <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a> unexpectedly raided Hamburg, destroying all the church's treasures and books. Ansgar now had neither see nor revenue, and many helpers deserted him. The new king, Louis' third son, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>, did not re-endow Turholt to Ansgar, but in 847 he named the missionary to the vacant diocese of Bremen, where Ansgar moved in 848. However, since Bremen had been <a href="/wiki/Suffragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragan">suffragan</a> to the Bishop of Cologne, combining the sees of Bremen and Hamburg presented canonical difficulties. After prolonged negotiations, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> would approve the union of the two dioceses in 864. </p><p>Through this political turmoil, Ansgar continued his northern mission. The Danish civil war compelled him to establish good relations with two kings, <a href="/wiki/Horik_I" title="Horik I">Horik the Elder</a> and his son, <a href="/wiki/Horik_II" title="Horik II">Horik II</a>. Both assisted him until his death; Ansgar was able to secure permission to build a church in <a href="/wiki/Hedeby" title="Hedeby">Sleswick</a> north of Hamburg and recognition of Christianity as a tolerated religion.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ansgar did not forget the Swedish mission, and spent two years there in person (848–850), averting a threatened pagan reaction. In 854, Ansgar returned to Sweden when king <a href="/wiki/Olof_(I)_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Olof (I) of Sweden">Olof</a> ruled in Birka. According to Rimbert, he was well disposed to Christianity. On a Viking raid to <a href="/wiki/Apuole" class="mw-redirect" title="Apuole">Apuole</a> (current village in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Courland" title="Courland">Courland</a>, the Swedes plundered the <a href="/wiki/Curonians" title="Curonians">Curonians</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ansgar was buried in <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremen (city)">Bremen</a> in 865. His successor as archbishop, <a href="/wiki/Rimbert" title="Rimbert">Rimbert</a>, wrote the <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Ansgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita Ansgari">Vita Ansgarii</a></i>. He noted that Ansgar wore a rough hair shirt, lived on bread and water, and showed great charity to the poor. Adam of Bremen attributed the <i>Vita et miracula of Willehad</i> (first bishop of Bremen) to Ansgar in <i>Gesta Hammenburgensis ecclesiæ</i>; Ansgar is also the reputed author of a collection of brief prayers <i>Pigmenta</i> (ed. J. M. Lappenberg, Hamburg, 1844).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> declared Ansgar a saint shortly after the missionary's death. The first actual missionary in Sweden and the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a> (and organizer of the Catholic church therein), Ansgar was later declared "Patron of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-SHMI_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHMI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relics are located in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> in two places: St. Mary's Cathedral (Ger.: Domkirche St. Marien) and St. Ansgar's and St. Bernard's Church (Ger.: St. Ansgar und St. Bernhard Kirche).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statues of Bishop Ansgar stand in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">Ribe</a>, as well as a stone cross at <a href="/wiki/Birka" title="Birka">Birka</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">feast day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lesser_Festival_(Anglicanism)" title="Lesser Festival (Anglicanism)">Lesser Festival</a>) is <a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">3 February</a>, as it is in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-teccalendar_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teccalendar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visions">Visions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Visions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peiffer_-_St._Ansgar_-_Trostbr%C3%BCcke_Hamburg_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Peiffer_-_St._Ansgar_-_Trostbr%C3%BCcke_Hamburg_cropped.jpg/170px-Peiffer_-_St._Ansgar_-_Trostbr%C3%BCcke_Hamburg_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Peiffer_-_St._Ansgar_-_Trostbr%C3%BCcke_Hamburg_cropped.jpg/255px-Peiffer_-_St._Ansgar_-_Trostbr%C3%BCcke_Hamburg_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Peiffer_-_St._Ansgar_-_Trostbr%C3%BCcke_Hamburg_cropped.jpg/340px-Peiffer_-_St._Ansgar_-_Trostbr%C3%BCcke_Hamburg_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="3663" /></a><figcaption>Saint Ansgar statue in Hamburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Although a historical document and primary source written by a man whose existence can be proven historically, the <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Ansgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita Ansgari">Vita Ansgarii</a></i> ("The Life of Ansgar") aims above all to demonstrate Ansgar's sanctity. It is partly concerned with Ansgar's visions, which, according to the author Rimbert, encouraged and assisted Ansgar's remarkable missionary feats. </p><p>Through the course of this work, Ansgar repeatedly embarks on a new stage in his career following a vision. According to Rimbert, his early studies and ensuing devotion to the ascetic life of a monk were inspired by a vision of his mother in the presence of Mary, mother of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. Again, when the Swedish people were left without a priest for some time, he begged King Horik to help him with this problem; then after receiving his consent, consulted with Bishop Gautbert to find a suitable man. The two together sought the approval of King Louis, which he granted when he learned that they were in agreement on the issue. Ansgar was convinced he was commanded by heaven to undertake this mission and was influenced by a vision he received when he was concerned about the journey, in which he met a man who reassured him of his purpose and informed him of a prophet that he would meet, the <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> <a href="/wiki/Adalard_of_Corbie" title="Adalard of Corbie">Adalhard</a>, who would instruct him in what was to happen. In the vision, he searched for and found Adalhard, who commanded, "Islands, listen to me, pay attention, remotest peoples", which Ansgar interpreted as God's will that he go to the Scandinavian countries as "most of that country consisted of islands, and also, when 'I will make you the light of the nations so that my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth' was added, since the end of the world in the north was in Swedish territory".<sup id="cite_ref-rimbert_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rimbert-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saints" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saints">List of Eastern Orthodox saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochkirchlicher_Apostolat_St._Ansgar" title="Hochkirchlicher Apostolat St. Ansgar">Hochkirchlicher Apostolat St. Ansgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCtschau_Priory" title="Nütschau Priory">Priory of St. Ansgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt-Ansgar-Schule" title="Sankt-Ansgar-Schule">Sankt-Ansgar-Schule</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Ansgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita Ansgari">Vita Ansgarii</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">February 16 / February 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/">https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teccalendar-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teccalendar_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teccalendar_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/lectionary/anskar/">"Anskar, Bishop and Missionary, 865"</a>. <i>The Episcopal Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=Anskar%2C+Bishop+and+Missionary%2C+865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Flectionary%2Fanskar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516024927/http://www.resurrectionpeople.org/saints.html">"Notable Lutheran Saints"</a>. <i>Resurrectionpeople.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.resurrectionpeople.org/saints.html">the original</a> on 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resurrectionpeople.org&rft.atitle=Notable+Lutheran+Saints&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.resurrectionpeople.org%2Fsaints.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/festivals/lesser-festivals/anskar.aspx">"Common Worship texts: Festivals"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&rft.atitle=Common+Worship+texts%3A+Festivals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Ftexts%2Ffestivals%2Flesser-festivals%2Fanskar.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ce-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ce_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Anschar"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Anschar">"St. Anschar" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Anschar&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHMI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SHMI_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHMI_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHMI_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHMI_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHMI_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFr._Paolo_O._Pirlo,_SHMI1997" class="citation book cs1">Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Ansgar". <i>My First Book of Saints</i>. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-91595-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/971-91595-4-5"><bdi>971-91595-4-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Ansgar&rft.btitle=My+First+Book+of+Saints&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Sons+of+Holy+Mary+Immaculate+%E2%80%93+Quality+Catholic+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=971-91595-4-5&rft.au=Fr.+Paolo+O.+Pirlo%2C+SHMI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer1997" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, David Hugh (1997). <i>The Oxford dictionary of saints</i> (4 ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280058-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280058-2"><bdi>0-19-280058-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+saints&rft.place=Oxford+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=25&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-280058-2&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=David+Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rimbert, "Life of Ansgar" at p. 1, English translation available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/anskar.asp">https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/anskar.asp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, Ian. The Missionary Life: Saints and the Evangelisation of Europe, 400–1050. Great Britain: Longman, 2001. pp. 124–125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). "Ansgar". <a href="/wiki/New_Schaff%E2%80%93Herzog_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_Knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge">New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge</a> (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/st-marys-cathedral-31826.html">"St. Mary's Cathedral in Hamburg, Germany"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Mary%27s+Cathedral+in+Hamburg%2C+Germany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpsmycity.com%2Fattractions%2Fst-marys-cathedral-31826.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&rft.atitle=The+Calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Evangelical Lutheran Worship Leaders Desk Edition</i> (8th (2019) Printing ed.). Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress. 2006. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8066-5620-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8066-5620-5"><bdi>978-0-8066-5620-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelical+Lutheran+Worship+Leaders+Desk+Edition&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+MN&rft.pages=58&rft.edition=8th+%282019%29+Printing&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8066-5620-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060908112753/http://www.renewingworship.org/ELW/content/PDF/ChurchYear_asm_20060119.pdf">"The Church Year"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Renewing Worship</i>. January 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.renewingworship.org/ELW/content/PDF/ChurchYear_asm_20060119.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Renewing+Worship&rft.atitle=The+Church+Year&rft.date=2006-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renewingworship.org%2FELW%2Fcontent%2FPDF%2FChurchYear_asm_20060119.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rimbert-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rimbert_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRimbert" class="citation web cs1">Rimbert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anskar.asp">"Life of Anskar, the Apostle of the North, 801–865"</a>. <i>Medieval Sourcebook</i>. New York: Fordham University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Sourcebook&rft.atitle=Life+of+Anskar%2C+the+Apostle+of+the+North%2C+801%E2%80%93865&rft.au=Rimbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fbasis%2Fanskar.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnsgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jakobsson, Sverrir. <i>Mission Miscarried: The Narrators of the Ninth-Century Missions to Scandinavia and Central Europe</i>. Bulgaria Medievalis 2 (2011), 49–69.</li> <li>Palmer, James T., <i>Rimbert's Vita Anskarii and the Scandinavian Mission in the Ninth Century</i>. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 55/2 (2004), 235–56.</li> <li>Pryce, Mark. <i>Literary Companion to the Festivals: A Poetic Gathering to Accompany Liturgical Celebrations of Commemorations and Festivals.</i> Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.</li> <li>Tschan, Francis J. <i>History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen</i>. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_Ansgar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saint Ansgar">Saint Ansgar</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000309135829/http://www.skolinternet.telia.se/TIS/birka/texteng/hist.htm">Ansgar at Birka History of Birka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vita_Ansgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita Ansgari">Vita Ansgari</a>, English translation from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anskar.html">Medieval sourcebook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051102144454/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/subject/hd/fak7/hist/c1/de/gen/gen/grmnhist/log.started920201/mail-16.html">German History Forum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313011358/http://www.cristoraul.com/ENGLISH/readinghall/GalleryofHistory/ANSKAR/Anskar-DOOR.html">ANSKAR The Apostle of the North (801–865). Translated from the Vita Anskarii by Bishop Rimbert his fellow missionary and successor. BY CHARLES H. ROBINSON. Im BTM format</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Ansgar </div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 8 September 801 in Amiens or 796 in Corbie</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 3 February 865 in Bremen</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New diocese</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Hamburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Hamburg">Archbishop of Hamburg</a> </b><br />834–865 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rimbert" title="Rimbert">Rimbert</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Leuderich</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishops_of_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishops of Bremen">Bishop of Bremen</a> </b><br />848–865 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 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