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6.30557963,19.5 11,19.5 C15.6944204,19.5 19.5,15.6944204 19.5,11 C19.5,6.30557963 15.6944204,2.5 11,2.5 Z"></path> </svg> <svg class="orbit-search-button-icon-with-text" width="15" height="16" viewBox="0 0 15 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <path d="M6,-5.32907052e-15 C9.3137085,-5.32907052e-15 12,2.6862915 12,6 C12,7.43892143 11.4934776,8.75953821 10.6490096,9.79327337 L15,14.24 L13.2782609,16 L8.72578477,11.3465317 C7.90789326,11.7643456 6.98146665,12 6,12 C2.6862915,12 -1.687539e-14,9.3137085 -1.687539e-14,6 C-1.687539e-14,2.6862915 2.6862915,-5.32907052e-15 6,-5.32907052e-15 Z M6,1.5 C3.51471863,1.5 1.5,3.51471863 1.5,6 C1.5,8.48528137 3.51471863,10.5 6,10.5 C8.48528137,10.5 10.5,8.48528137 10.5,6 C10.5,3.51471863 8.48528137,1.5 6,1.5 Z"></path> </svg> <span>Search Sounds</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="orbit-drawer-container" class="orbit-drawer-container"></div> <section 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d="M422,280H234c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S232,278.552,232,278V90c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S233.448,88,234,88h188c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S424,89.448,424,90v188c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S422.552,280,422,280z"></path> <path fill="#D30000" d="M206,328H90c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S88,326.552,88,326V210c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S89.448,208,90,208h116c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S208,209.448,208,210v116c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S206.552,328,206,328z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>News</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sport"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#FFD230" d="M90,184h332c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,182.552,424,182V90c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,88,422,88H90c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S88,89.448,88,90v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414S89.448,184,90,184z"></path> <path fill="#FFA100" d="M306,424h116c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,422.552,424,422v-92c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,328,422,328H306c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S304,329.448,304,330v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S305.448,424,306,424z"></path> <path fill="#FFBA00" d="M210,304h212c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,302.552,424,302v-92c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,208,422,208H210c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S208,209.448,208,210v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S209.448,304,210,304z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Sport</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#067EB3" d="M316.234,368.56l52.326-52.326c0.391-0.391,0.586-0.902,0.586-1.414c0-0.512-0.195-1.024-0.586-1.414 L252.594,197.44c-0.391-0.391-0.902-0.586-1.414-0.586s-1.024,0.195-1.414,0.586l-52.326,52.326 c-0.391,0.391-0.586,0.902-0.586,1.414s0.195,1.024,0.586,1.414L313.406,368.56c0.391,0.391,0.902,0.586,1.414,0.586 C315.332,369.146,315.844,368.95,316.234,368.56z"></path> <path fill="#1969A6" d="M90,424h74c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S166,422.552,166,422V258c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S164.552,256,164,256H90c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S88,257.448,88,258v164c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S89.448,424,90,424z"></path> <path fill="#149EDC" d="M258,166h164c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,164.552,424,164V90c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,88,422,88H258c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S256,89.448,256,90v74c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S257.448,166,258,166z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Weather</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#DC2878" d="M182,358h-68c-0.55,0-1.05-0.225-1.412-0.587C112.225,357.05,112,356.55,112,356V156 c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414S113.448,154,114,154h68c0.55,0,1.05,0.225,1.413,0.587C183.775,154.95,184,155.45,184,156v200 c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414S182.552,358,182,358z"></path> <path fill="#FF4C98" d="M372.106,248.243l34-58.89c0.275-0.476,0.33-1.022,0.197-1.517c-0.133-0.495-0.453-0.94-0.93-1.215 l-173.205-100c-0.478-0.276-1.023-0.332-1.518-0.2c-0.494,0.132-0.938,0.454-1.214,0.932l-34,58.89 c-0.275,0.476-0.33,1.022-0.197,1.517c0.133,0.495,0.453,0.94,0.93,1.215l173.205,100c0.478,0.276,1.023,0.332,1.518,0.2 C371.386,249.042,371.83,248.721,372.106,248.243z"></path> <path fill="#AF0D5B" d="M372.106,263.757l34,58.89c0.275,0.476,0.33,1.022,0.197,1.517c-0.133,0.495-0.453,0.94-0.93,1.215 l-173.205,100c-0.478,0.276-1.023,0.332-1.518,0.2c-0.494-0.132-0.938-0.454-1.214-0.932l-34-58.89 c-0.275-0.476-0.33-1.022-0.197-1.517c0.133-0.495,0.453-0.94,0.93-1.215l173.205-100c0.478-0.276,1.023-0.332,1.518-0.2 C371.386,262.958,371.83,263.279,372.106,263.757z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>iPlayer</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sounds"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#A13104" d="M122,304H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,302.552,76,302v-92c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S77.448,208,78,208h44c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S124,209.448,124,210v92c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S122.552,304,122,304z"></path> <path fill="#D24712" d="M230,376h-80c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S148,374.552,148,374V138c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S149.448,136,150,136h80c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S232,137.448,232,138v236c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S230.552,376,230,376z"></path> <path fill="#FA6400" d="M422,424H258c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S256,422.552,256,422V90c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S257.448,88,258,88h164c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S424,89.448,424,90v332c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S422.552,424,422,424z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Sounds</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-bitesize"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#6100A8" d="M134,400H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,398.552,76,398V162c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S77.448,160,78,160h56c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S136,161.448,136,162v236c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S134.552,400,134,400z"></path> <path fill="#7222C6" d="M254,400h-92c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S160,398.552,160,398V114c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S161.448,112,162,112h92c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S256,113.448,256,114v284c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S254.552,400,254,400z"></path> <path fill="#963CE1" d="M444.77,373.863l-85.829,26.232c-0.529,0.162-1.073,0.093-1.526-0.148s-0.812-0.655-0.973-1.184 L273.901,126.63c-0.16-0.528-0.091-1.07,0.149-1.521c0.241-0.451,0.653-0.811,1.18-0.972l85.829-26.232 c0.529-0.162,1.073-0.093,1.526,0.148s0.812,0.655,0.973,1.184l82.542,272.133c0.16,0.528,0.091,1.07-0.149,1.521 C445.71,373.342,445.297,373.702,444.77,373.863z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Bitesize</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies"> <span>CBeebies</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbbc"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc"> <span>CBBC</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-food"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food"> <span>Food</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="more-international"><ul data-orbit-navtype="Commercial Legacy"> <li class="orb-nav-commercial-home"> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/"> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-commercial-news"> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news"> <span>News</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-commercial-sport"> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/sport"> <span>Sport</span> </a> </li> <li 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0-3.071-.868-5.476-2.602-7.211-1.735-1.733-4.039-3.122-6.913-4.163-2.876-1.04-6.095-2.007-9.663-2.899-5.85-1.387-11.002-2.974-15.462-4.757-4.46-1.783-8.228-3.888-11.299-6.319-3.073-2.427-5.403-5.352-6.987-8.771-1.586-3.42-2.378-7.508-2.378-12.265 0-6.739 1.71-12.537 5.128-17.395 3.42-4.855 8.252-8.597 14.496-11.225 6.243-2.625 13.677-3.939 22.3-3.939 5.65 0 11.199.646 16.65 1.933 5.45 1.289 10.356 3.024 14.719 5.204v20.219c-4.363-2.676-9.292-4.757-14.792-6.244-5.501-1.487-11.028-2.231-16.577-2.231-6.047 0-10.73 1.041-14.049 3.122-3.321 2.081-4.98 5.055-4.98 8.92 0 2.776.792 4.981 2.378 6.616 1.584 1.635 3.84 2.974 6.765 4.014 2.922 1.041 6.368 2.058 10.332 3.048 5.055 1.29 9.761 2.702 14.124 4.237 4.359 1.538 8.2 3.494 11.521 5.872 3.32 2.379 5.896 5.403 7.732 9.069 1.833 3.668 2.75 8.177 2.75 13.529 0 7.039-1.736 13.06-5.203 18.063-3.47 5.006-8.474 8.823-15.016 11.447-6.542 2.626-14.422 3.941-23.639 3.941Z"></path></svg></a><button class="sn-menu-button sc-c-sounds-nav__menu-button 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Sounds</span></a></li><li><div class="sc-c-sounds-nav__overlay" role="dialog"></div></li></ul></div></div></nav><div class="sc-u-antialiased" id="sounds-app-promo-experimentation-portal-container"><h1 class="sc-c-page-title sw-u-hidden">Science In Action - Aurora Bore-WOW-lis - BBC Sounds</h1><div class="play-c-herospace-container"><section class="sc-c-herospace gel-1/1 sc-u-clip-overflow" aria-labelledby="sc-id-science-in-action"><div style="background-image:url(https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x640/p0hygkfn.jpg.webp)" class="sc-c-herospace__background-image gel-1/1"></div><div class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size sc-o-island sc-c-herospace__container"><img src="https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/colour_default.svg" alt="World Service" class="sc-c-herospace__network-logo gs-u-mr+ sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tr"/><div class="sc-c-herospace__details gel-1/1 gs-u-box-size"><div class="gel-9/24@xl gs-u-display-inline-block@xl"><div class="sc-c-herospace__imagery gs-u-display-inline-block gel-3/12 gel-2/12@l gel-10/24@xl sc-o-island gs-u-float-right@xl"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0hygkfn.jpg.webp 320w"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0hygkfn.jpg 320w"/><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0hygkfn.jpg" alt="" class="sc-c-herospace__image"/></picture></div></div><div class="sc-c-herospace__details gs-u-pl++@xl gel-15/24@xl gs-u-display-inline-block@xl gs-u-align-top"><div class="gel-17/24@xl sc-c-herospace__details-titles gs-u-pt+ gs-u-mh++"><h1 class="sc-u-screenreader-only">Science In Action - Aurora Bore-WOW-lis - BBC Sounds</h1><div class="gs-u-display-block"><a id="sc-id-science-in-action" class="gel-pica-bold" href="/programmes/p002vsnb">Science In Action</a></div><hr class="gs-u-mt gs-u-mb-alt gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-ml-0@xl"/><div class="sc-c-marquee"><style class="sc-c-marquee__style"></style><div class="sc-c-marquee__title gel-great-primer gs-u-pb- b-font-weight-500" tabindex="0"><span class="sc-c-marquee__title-1">Aurora Bore-WOW-lis</span><span class="sc-c-marquee__title-2" aria-hidden="true">Aurora Bore-WOW-lis</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="smp-wrapper" class="sc-c-smp gel-wrap play-c-player gs-u-mt- gs-u-pb@m gs-u-pb+@xl gs-u-pl0 gs-u-pr0"></div></section><div></div></div><div class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size gs-u-mt-alt+"><div class="play-o-layout play-c-synopsis_subscribe"><div class="gel-1/1 gel-7/10@m gel-9/12@l"><div class="gs-u-mb-alt sc-c-episode__metadata"><div class="gel-pica gs-u-display-inline@s sc-c-episode__metadata__data"><span class="gel-pica-bold">Released On:</span> 16 May 2024</div><div class="gel-pica gs-u-display-inline@s gs-u-pl+ sc-c-episode__metadata__data">Available for over a year</div></div><div class="sc-c-synopsis gel-1/1 gs-u-box-size gs-u-pr+"><p class="gel-body-copy">They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next? <button class="sc-c-synopsis__button sc-o-button gel-brevier-bold gs-u-mt">Read more<svg width="8px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--read-more sc-c-icon sc-c-synopsis__button-icon gs-u-align-bottom gs-u-ml" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M0 0l16 18L32 0z"></path></svg></button></p></div><div class="gs-u-box-size gs-u-mt++ gs-u-align-center sc-u-align-left@m metadata-links gel-1/1"><div class="gs-u-display-block gs-u-display-inline-block@m gel-1/1 gel-1/2@m metadata-links__link"><a class="sc-c-outline-navigation-button sc-o-link gel-brevier-bold gs-u-ph++@l gs-u-align-center gs-u-display-inline-block sc-c-outline-navigation-button__enabled" href="/sounds/brand/p002vsnb"><div class="gs-u-ph+ gs-u-pv-alt@xs gs-u-pv+@m sc-c-outline-navigation-button-fix"><span class="gs-u-align-text-top">More episodes</span><svg width="14px" height="14px" viewBox="0 0 32 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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class="gs-u-align-text-top">Programme Website</span><svg width="12px" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--external-link sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--default gs-u-ml gs-u-mt-- gs-u-align-text-top" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M17.02 0v2.6h10.12l-.52-1.13-16.6 16.58 1.92 1.88L28.57 3.39l-1.16-.49v10.15h2.61v-13zm3.91 15.94v11.51H2.67V9.29H13.8V6.66H.02v23.42h23.55V15.94z"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><section class="sc-c-playqueue play-u-slice-spacing" aria-labelledby="sc-id-coming-up-next"><header class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size"><header class="sc-c-module-title gs-u-display-inline-block"><h2 id="sc-id-coming-up-next" class="sc-c-module-title__text gel-trafalgar-bold gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-align-top">Coming Up Next</h2></header></header><div class="gs-u-mt+"><div class="sc-c-carousel sc-o-island"><div class="gel-wrap"></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__inner"><div class="sc-o-scrollable gs-u-pb+"><ul class="sc-o-scrollable__list"><li class="sc-o-faux-wrap" style="width:0" aria-hidden="true"> </li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l" data-id="p0hymv94"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--is-playing"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcq" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::1","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcq" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0hygkfn.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0hygkfn.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0hygkfn.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0hygkfn.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0hygkfn.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0hygkfn.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0hygkfn.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0hygkfn.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0hygkfn.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0hygkfn.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0hygkfn.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="gel-layout gel-layout--center gel-layout--middle gel-layout--flush sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--center"><div class="gs-u-display-flex sc-c-overlay-equalizer"><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span></div></div></div><p class="sc-c-basic__label gel-minion-bold gs-u-mt">now playing</p><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt-"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Aurora Bore-WOW-lis</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0hzvryw"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcr" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::2","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcr" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0hzw8kr.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0hzw8kr.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0hzw8kr.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0hzw8kr.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0hzw8kr.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0hzw8kr.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0hzw8kr.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0hzw8kr.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0hzw8kr.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0hzw8kr.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0hzw8kr.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The roots of fentanyl addiction</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A study in mice suggests that fentanyl affects the part of the brain that regulates fear.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0j1887b"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcs" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::3","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcs" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j17f09.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j17f09.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j17f09.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j17f09.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j17f09.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j17f09.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j17f09.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j17f09.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j17f09.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j17f09.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0j17f09.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Trusting AI with science</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">AI will be a feature of future breakthroughs, how will we know when to trust its results?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0j2m5hc"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vct" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::4","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vct" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j2lf9z.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j2lf9z.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j2lf9z.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j2lf9z.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j2lf9z.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j2lf9z.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j2lf9z.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j2lf9z.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j2lf9z.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j2lf9z.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0j2lf9z.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A humungous temporary tentacle</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The origami superpowers of a single-celled pond hunter, the protist Lacrymaria olor.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 38 mins">38 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0j42l1p"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcv" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::5","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcv" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j425bw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j425bw.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j425bw.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j425bw.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j425bw.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j425bw.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j425bw.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j425bw.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j425bw.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j425bw.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0j425bw.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">US bird flu response warning</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Mice become the next to get it and expert Rick Bright calls for stronger counter measures</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0j5fjwf"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcw" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::6","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcw" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j5d5nv.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j5d5nv.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j5d5nv.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j5d5nv.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j5d5nv.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j5d5nv.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j5d5nv.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j5d5nv.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j5d5nv.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j5d5nv.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0j5d5nv.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">China: Scientific superpower</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">How has China reached the top spot of scientific research?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0j72t0n"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcx" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::7","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcx" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j6xh0p.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j6xh0p.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j6xh0p.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j6xh0p.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j6xh0p.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j6xh0p.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j6xh0p.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j6xh0p.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j6xh0p.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j6xh0p.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0j6xh0p.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">On the road to halting HIV</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">An injectable antiviral "PrEP" therapy that gives 100% protection against HIV infection.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0j8clz5"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcy" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::8","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcy" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j8cl7g.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j8cl7g.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j8cl7g.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j8cl7g.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j8cl7g.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j8cl7g.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j8cl7g.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j8cl7g.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j8cl7g.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j8cl7g.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0j8cl7g.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Cleaner mining, cleaner batteries</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Science in Action is at the UK's Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0j9tkq1"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vcz" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::9","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vcz" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j9sy3y.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j9sy3y.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j9sy3y.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j9sy3y.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j9sy3y.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0j9sy3y.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0j9sy3y.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0j9sy3y.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0j9sy3y.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0j9sy3y.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0j9sy3y.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Hurricane Beryl’s trail of destruction</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Hurricane Beryl hit the Caribbean, before moving into Mexico and then Texas.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jc8p0x"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd0" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::10","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd0" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jc7qhk.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jc7qhk.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jc7qhk.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jc7qhk.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jc7qhk.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jc7qhk.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jc7qhk.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jc7qhk.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jc7qhk.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jc7qhk.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jc7qhk.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Destination Asteroid Apophis</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The ESA is starting preparatory work for its next planetary defence mission.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jdkvw2"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd1" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::11","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd1" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jdjdnv.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jdjdnv.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jdjdnv.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jdjdnv.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jdjdnv.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jdjdnv.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jdjdnv.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jdjdnv.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jdjdnv.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jdjdnv.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jdjdnv.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The human cost of the decline of nature’s carcass cleaners</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The loss of vultures in India may be responsible for half a million human deaths.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jfycm6"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd2" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::12","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd2" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jfxqtg.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jfxqtg.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jfxqtg.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jfxqtg.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jfxqtg.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jfxqtg.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jfxqtg.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jfxqtg.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jfxqtg.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jfxqtg.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jfxqtg.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Examining Nasa's new evidence for Martian life</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Mars rock found that may indicate it hosted microbial life billions of years ago</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jh974f"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd3" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::13","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd3" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jhb0td.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jhb0td.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jhb0td.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jhb0td.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jhb0td.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jhb0td.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jhb0td.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jhb0td.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jhb0td.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jhb0td.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jhb0td.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Detecting undetected bird flu cases</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Cases of bird flu in farm workers in the US may be going underreported.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jjpnsm"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd4" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::14","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd4" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jjpnfs.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jjpnfs.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jjpnfs.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jjpnfs.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jjpnfs.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jjpnfs.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jjpnfs.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jjpnfs.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jjpnfs.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jjpnfs.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jjpnfs.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The spread of rabies into Cape fur seals</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">In June this year there was the first detected occurrence of rabies in Cape fur seals.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jl1zv5"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd5" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::15","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd5" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jl0rb1.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jl0rb1.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jl0rb1.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jl0rb1.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jl0rb1.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jl0rb1.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jl0rb1.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jl0rb1.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jl0rb1.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jl0rb1.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jl0rb1.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fisheries mismanagement uncovered</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fishery assessment models overestimate the sustainability of the world’s fisheries.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jmcjrw"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd6" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::16","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd6" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jmc1gt.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jmc1gt.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jmc1gt.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jmc1gt.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jmc1gt.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jmc1gt.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jmc1gt.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jmc1gt.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jmc1gt.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jmc1gt.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jmc1gt.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Wow! A mystery signal solved</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">In 1977 astronomers recorded a strange radio transmission, perhaps even from aliens.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jns3j3"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd7" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::17","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd7" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jns0q6.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jns0q6.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jns0q6.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jns0q6.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jns0q6.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jns0q6.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jns0q6.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jns0q6.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jns0q6.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jns0q6.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jns0q6.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Concerning viruses found in fur farmed animals</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A survey of diseased animals from fur farms has revealed potentially threatening viruses</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jq5wj8"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd8" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::18","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd8" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jq6nm9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jq6nm9.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jq6nm9.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jq6nm9.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jq6nm9.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jq6nm9.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jq6nm9.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jq6nm9.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jq6nm9.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jq6nm9.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jq6nm9.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A landslide-induced megatsunami in Greenland</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The 200-metre-high tsunami sloshed between the cliffs of Dickson Fjord for nine days</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jrl9vz"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vd9" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::19","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vd9" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jrl7ft.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jrl7ft.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jrl7ft.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jrl7ft.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jrl7ft.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jrl7ft.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jrl7ft.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jrl7ft.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jrl7ft.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jrl7ft.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jrl7ft.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Flash floods in the Sahara</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The Sahara has been experiencing unusually heavy rainfall due to an extratropical cyclone</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jszr3g"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdb" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::20","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdb" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jt0fgj.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jt0fgj.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jt0fgj.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jt0fgj.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jt0fgj.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jt0fgj.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jt0fgj.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jt0fgj.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jt0fgj.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jt0fgj.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jt0fgj.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Historic weather extremes revealed using tree-rings</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The jet stream has shaped extreme weather, influencing harvests, wildfires and epidemics</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jvgmwq"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdc" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::21","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdc" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jvgjym.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jvgjym.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jvgjym.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jvgjym.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jvgjym.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jvgjym.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jvgjym.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jvgjym.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jvgjym.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jvgjym.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jvgjym.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Excesses of rain</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">How much did climate change drive storm Helene?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jwzmff"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdd" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::22","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdd" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jwyw9d.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jwyw9d.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jwyw9d.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jwyw9d.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jwyw9d.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jwyw9d.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jwyw9d.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jwyw9d.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jwyw9d.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jwyw9d.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jwyw9d.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Nobel convergence</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A look at the stories behind the Nobel science prizes announced this week.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 38 mins">38 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jygvr2"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdf" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::23","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdf" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jyg8rl.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jyg8rl.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jyg8rl.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jyg8rl.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jyg8rl.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0jyg8rl.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0jyg8rl.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0jyg8rl.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0jyg8rl.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0jyg8rl.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0jyg8rl.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Marvels of life and death</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">As fish farming impacts grow, a look at some clever life-hacks at the extremes.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 36 mins">36 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0jzyf1r"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdg" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::24","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdg" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k05xz8.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k05xz8.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k05xz8.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k05xz8.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k05xz8.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k05xz8.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k05xz8.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k05xz8.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k05xz8.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k05xz8.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0k05xz8.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Betelbuddy and Silk Road Cities</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Does the famous Betelgeuse have an orbiting companion, hidden in plain sight?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 35 mins">35 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0k1hk1y"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdn" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::25","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdn" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k1h9gl.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k1h9gl.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k1h9gl.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k1h9gl.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k1h9gl.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k1h9gl.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k1h9gl.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k1h9gl.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k1h9gl.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k1h9gl.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0k1h9gl.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Global warming strikes again</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The devastating floods around Valencia are easily attributable to climate change.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0k31rsl"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdp" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::26","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdp" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k30wlw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k30wlw.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k30wlw.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k30wlw.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k30wlw.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k30wlw.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k30wlw.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k30wlw.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k30wlw.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k30wlw.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0k30wlw.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">New ways to study coronaviruses</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Scientists in Wuhan and the US unveil a new way to design virus receptors on human cells.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0k4m7dp"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdq" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::27","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdq" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k4kzng.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k4kzng.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k4kzng.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k4kzng.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k4kzng.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k4kzng.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k4kzng.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k4kzng.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k4kzng.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k4kzng.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0k4kzng.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Drastic plastic reductions</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Machine learning models suggest pathways to reduce global plastic waste by 91% by 2050.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0k645dn"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdr" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::28","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdr" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k644wd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k644wd.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k644wd.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k644wd.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k644wd.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k644wd.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k644wd.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k644wd.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k644wd.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k644wd.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0k644wd.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Faster, wetter, worse tropical storms</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Every 2024 Atlantic hurricane was intensified by warming climate, with categories raised.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0k7n1tz"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vds" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::29","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vds" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k7l5cv.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k7l5cv.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k7l5cv.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k7l5cv.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k7l5cv.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k7l5cv.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k7l5cv.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k7l5cv.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k7l5cv.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k7l5cv.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0k7l5cv.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fifty years of Charm</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Why November 1974 became known as the “November Revolution” in particle physics</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 39 mins">39 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0k95ldp"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdt" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::30","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdt" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k94xrp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k94xrp.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k94xrp.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k94xrp.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k94xrp.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0k94xrp.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0k94xrp.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0k94xrp.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0k94xrp.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0k94xrp.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0k94xrp.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Bovine H5N1 gets a sniff of humans</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">How a single mutation in bovine H5N1 flu can make it prefer human cells.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0kbm3vh"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct5vdv" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::31","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct5vdv" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0kbm3p6.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0kbm3p6.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0kbm3p6.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0kbm3p6.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0kbm3p6.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0kbm3p6.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0kbm3p6.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0kbm3p6.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0kbm3p6.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0kbm3p6.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0kbm3p6.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Warming oceans kill millions of birds</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">4 million sea birds died in Alaska as a result of a warming pacific.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="sc-o-faux-wrap-end" style="width:0" aria-hidden="true"> </li></ul></div></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__blind sc-c-carousel__blind--left sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tl"></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__blind sc-c-carousel__blind--right sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tr"></div></div></div></section><div class="sc-c-navigation-footer gs-u-box-size gs-u-pv gs-u-pv+@m gel-wrap play-u-nav-footer-spacing"><ul class="sc-c-navigation-footer__languages sc-o-piped gel-1/1@xs gel-1/3@l gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-align-top"><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="cy"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/cy"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="ga"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/ga"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="gd"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/gd"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Gàidhlig</span></a></li></ul><ul class="sc-c-navigation-footer__links sc-o-piped gel-1/1@xs gel-2/3@l gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mt+ gs-u-mt0@l gs-u-align-top"><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" href="https://bbc.co.uk/sounds/help"><span class="sc-o-link__text">BBC Sounds Help</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-"><a 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{"modules":{"data":[{"controls":null,"id":"aod_play_area","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Player","description":null,"image_url":null,"data":[{"id":"p0hymv94","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcq","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","label":"16 May 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Aurora Bore-WOW-lis","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Aurora Bore-WOW-lis"},"synopses":{"short":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next?","medium":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next? We about the solar maximum and geomagnetic storms.","long":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next? We hear from astrophysicist Steph Yardley about the solar maximum, geomagnetic storms and atmospheric spectaculars.\n\nAlso, the impossible heatwave in the Philippines made possible by global warming – the analysis of a continent-spanning climate extreme by the World Weather Attribution collaboration.\n\nGetting close up to raging tornadoes in order to fill in the big gaps that remain in the science of their development.\n\nAnd the tale of the lizard’s tail, and how it could lead to safer buildings in the future. \n\n(Photo: The aurora borealis, also known as the 'northern lights’, are seen over The Roaches near Leek, Staffordshire, Britain, May 10, 2024. Credit: Carl Recine/Reuters)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0hygkfn.jpg","duration":{"value":1861,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-05-16T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null}],"state":"ok","style":null,"uris":null,"total":1},{"id":"aod_tracks","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Tracklist","state":"ok","data":[]},{"controls":null,"id":"play_queue","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Coming Up Next","description":null,"image_url":null,"data":[{"id":"p0hymv94","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcq","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","label":"16 May 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Aurora Bore-WOW-lis","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Aurora Bore-WOW-lis"},"synopses":{"short":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next?","medium":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next? We about the solar maximum and geomagnetic storms.","long":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next? We hear from astrophysicist Steph Yardley about the solar maximum, geomagnetic storms and atmospheric spectaculars.\n\nAlso, the impossible heatwave in the Philippines made possible by global warming – the analysis of a continent-spanning climate extreme by the World Weather Attribution collaboration.\n\nGetting close up to raging tornadoes in order to fill in the big gaps that remain in the science of their development.\n\nAnd the tale of the lizard’s tail, and how it could lead to safer buildings in the future. \n\n(Photo: The aurora borealis, also known as the 'northern lights’, are seen over The Roaches near Leek, Staffordshire, Britain, May 10, 2024. Credit: Carl Recine/Reuters)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0hygkfn.jpg","duration":{"value":1861,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-05-16T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0hzvryw","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcr","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","label":"23 May 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The roots of fentanyl addiction","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The roots of fentanyl addiction"},"synopses":{"short":"A study in mice suggests that fentanyl affects the part of the brain that regulates fear.","medium":"Fentanyl addiction; the body’s origins; caterpillars detecting predatory wasps via electroreception; differences in Neanderthal and human childhood stress.","long":"Fentanyl is a powerful morphine substitute, but it is also incredibly addictive – millions struggle with weaning themselves off it. And of the 600,000 drug deaths worldwide each year, the World Health Organisation estimates 80% are due to opioids in general, with synthetic opioids like fentanyl being a growing part of the problem. New work with genetically manipulated mice suggests that fentanyl affects two parts of the brain, one associated with the high, but also another that regulates fear. This knowledge could aid in the development of treatments to reduce addiction to the opioid. \n\nEarly developers: Long before a developing implants into a mother's uterus, in fact as the fertilised egg divides for the first time into a pair of cells, which line becomes the future baby and which will become the 'life support' system of the placenta has been decided. Embryologist Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz explains why this early unfolding of the genetic programme is important, and why it's taken so long to discover it. \n\nGetting through pregnancy is only the first step in a person’s life. Surviving childhood, particularly for our old stone age ancestors, was the next challenge. And a new study looking at children’s teeth found at ancient archaeological sites gives clues as to why our ancestors fared better than the neanderthals around them during the last ice age. \n\nSupersense: twitching hairs on some caterpillars turn out to be early-warning sensors feeling the electric field of an approaching wasp, giving the potential prey precious moments to hide or escape death. Biophysicist Daniel Robert explains the challenge of seeing the electric world of insect hunters and hunted. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth \n\n(Image: Fentanyl. Credit: Isaac Lee via Getty Images.)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0hzw8kr.jpg","duration":{"value":1858,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-05-23T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0j1887b","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcs","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","label":"30 May 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Trusting AI with science","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Trusting AI with science"},"synopses":{"short":"AI will be a feature of future breakthroughs, how will we know when to trust its results?","medium":"AI is already being used in every branch of science and will further become a feature of future breakthroughs - how we will know when to trust its outcomes and predictions?","long":"AI is already being used in every branch of science, and will become more and more a feature of future breakthroughs. But with its power to find subtle patterns in massive data sets comes a concern about how we will know when to trust its outcomes, and how to rely on its predictions. Science in Action talks to Alison Noble who just completed a Royal Society report on trust in scientific AI.\n\nWith highly pathogenic bird flu infecting around 70 dairy herds across 10 states in the USA, including a herd of alpacas, we get an update from health journalist Helen Branswell of StatNews on the latest science and efforts to get on top of the infection.\n\nAlso, from the pioneers of the mRNA vaccines that helped turn around the COVID pandemic, an experimental version that could be rolled out rapidly if the bird flu does cross worryingly into people. University of Pennsylvania’s Scott Hensley described how it works, and how promising it looks.\n\nScience in Action also hears how Europe’s new EarthCARE satellite, equipped to peer deep inside clouds, will tackle one of the biggest unknowns in the science of global warming.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0j17f09.jpg","duration":{"value":1896,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-05-30T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0j2m5hc","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vct","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","label":"06 Jun 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"A humungous temporary tentacle","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"A humungous temporary tentacle"},"synopses":{"short":"The origami superpowers of a single-celled pond hunter, the protist Lacrymaria olor.","medium":"The origami superpowers of a single-celled pond hunter, the protist Lacrymaria olor. It hunts by launching a neck-like proboscis that can extend more than 30 times its body length","long":"The ‘origami’ superpowers of a single-celled pond hunter, it hunts by launching a neck-like proboscis that can extend more than 30 times its body length. Manu Prakash of Stanford University reveals the amazing mathematical mechanisms of the protist, Lacrymaria olor.\n\nIt’s a microbe-eat-microbe world out there, with bacteria waging constant war against each other. It’s by dipping into their ever-evolving chemical arsenal that we keep our pharmacies supplied with the antibiotics we use to fight infectious bacteria - and computer biologist Luis Coelho of Queensland University of Technology has turned to genetics and AI to speed up the search for novel compounds.\n\nResearch from Elana Hobkirk at Durham University has found that the process of domestication and selective breeding has limited the ability of domestic dogs to use facial expressions to convey emotions as effectively as their wolf ancestors. Whilst we may be easily manipulated by the ‘puppy eyes’ of our pet dogs, they are no longer able to display the same range of emotions that wolves can, who need strong visual communication to maintain their packs.\n\nWho discovered the first black hole? Science writer Marcus Chown tells us about the discovery of Cygnus X-1 discovered by Paul Murdin and Louise Webster in 1971.\n\nAnd 100 years ago this week, Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose posted his revolutionary paper to Albert Einstein, which went on to influence quantum mechanics, low-temperature physics, atomic physics, and the physics of the particles that shape the Universe. Physicist Ajoy Ghatak and presenter Roland Pease discuss the story of the man who had the word ‘boson’ coined to memorialise him in the late 1920s.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0j2lf9z.jpg","duration":{"value":2327,"label":"38 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-06-06T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0j42l1p","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcv","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","label":"13 Jun 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"US bird flu response warning","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"US bird flu response warning"},"synopses":{"short":"Mice become the next to get it and expert Rick Bright calls for stronger counter measures","medium":"Mice become the next to get it and expert Rick Bright calls for stronger counter measures. Also, new DNA analysis of human remains from Chichén Itzá suggest child sacrifices.","long":"With mice being the latest species to carry the disease, pandemic expert Rick Bright calls for stronger counter measures. “It’s like PTSD from February 2020” he says. The authorities in the USA are responding too slow to the spread of H5N1 bird flu through its dairy farms – even mice are carrying the virus now, and not enough is known of how it is evolving and whether humans are threatened. He talks Roland through the complex political and public health issues. \n\nChild sacrifices in the Mayan empire a thousand years ago have been confirmed with DNA evidence from bones recovered in the 1960s from an underground pit. Some victims were twins, possibly indicating a brutal ritualistic re-enactment of an ancient myth involving divine twins. Geneticist Rodrigo Barquera describes the analysis. \n\nMature orchids perform a unique form of offspring-care, feeding tiny seedlings with nutrients via networks of thread-like fungal hyphae in the soil, according to experiments conducted at Sheffield University. Mycologist Katie Field has been delving into this underground sustenance network. \n\nGeoscientists at the edge of the Arctic ocean are looking for ancient clues to the stability of the Atlantic circulation that brings critical warmth to Europe and the northern hemisphere. Could past changes help unravel the influence of global warming? Roland talks to Renata Lucchi in the control room of Research Vessel JOIDES Resolution. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Alex Mansfield \nProduction Co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n(Image: Mouse sitting on grain. Credit: SAEED KHAN/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0j425bw.jpg","duration":{"value":2059,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-06-13T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0j5fjwf","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcw","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","label":"20 Jun 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"China: Scientific superpower","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"China: Scientific superpower"},"synopses":{"short":"How has China reached the top spot of scientific research?","medium":"How has China reached the top spot of scientific research so quickly?","long":"How has China reached the top spot of scientific research so quickly? Science editor of The Economist, Ainslie Johnstone, gives us the CCPs grand, broad plans whilst senior reporter for Nature, Gemma Conroy, digs into the specifics of China’s future particle collider. \n\nAlso, Gene Kirtsky, who has been studying cicadas for 50 years, discusses the spectacle of the millions of insects which have been emerging across the USA this summer. \n\nAnd Unexpected Elements' Marnie Chesterton gets close and personal with the stinkiest plant in the world at Kew Garden in London. \n \nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Ella Hubber\nProduction co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n(Photo: Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory under construction. Credit: VCG/Getty Images.)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0j5d5nv.jpg","duration":{"value":1590,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-06-20T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0j72t0n","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcx","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","label":"27 Jun 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"On the road to halting HIV","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"On the road to halting HIV"},"synopses":{"short":"An injectable antiviral \"PrEP\" therapy that gives 100% protection against HIV infection.","medium":"An injectable antiviral PrEP therapy that gives 100% protection against HIV infection. Silencing troublesome genes. Protecting coral reefs. The transatlantic flight of a butterfly","long":"An injectable antiviral \"PrEP\" therapy that gives 100% protection against HIV infection. Trials among young women in South Africa and Uganda proved so effective, they were wound up early to accelerate its use. Linda-Gail Bekker of the Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation shares her excitement. \n\nA new kind of gene therapy that uses the cell's own “epigenetic” mechanisms to silence troublesome portions of our DNA, tested against the prion protein responsible for some brain diseases. Jonathan Weissman led the research at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Massachusetts. \n\nAccelerated evolution is being tested in Matthew Nitschke’s labs in the Australian Institute for Marine Science to see if it can help protect natural corals against future global warming. \n\nThe amazing 4.200 km transatlantic flight of some Painted Lady butterflies – and the extraordinary detective work ecologist Gerard Talavera and team needed to prove it. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n(Image: HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial Conducted In Uganda. Credit:\tLuke Dray / Stringer via Getty Images.)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0j6xh0p.jpg","duration":{"value":1717,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-06-27T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0j8clz5","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcy","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","label":"04 Jul 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Cleaner mining, cleaner batteries","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Cleaner mining, cleaner batteries"},"synopses":{"short":"Science in Action is at the UK's Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition.","medium":"Science in Action is at the UK's Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition, hunting for dark matter, melting ancient ice, and looking for batteries.","long":"Science in Action is at the UK's Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition, hunting for dark matter, melting ancient ice, cleaning up disused mines and looking for the batteries of the future. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Alex Mansfield \nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n(Image: Pile of used batteries ready for recycling. Credit: Mindful Media via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0j8cl7g.jpg","duration":{"value":1769,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-07-04T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0j9tkq1","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vcz","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","label":"11 Jul 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Hurricane Beryl’s trail of destruction","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Hurricane Beryl’s trail of destruction"},"synopses":{"short":"Hurricane Beryl hit the Caribbean, before moving into Mexico and then Texas.","medium":"The 2024 north Atlantic hurricane season has started with a bang, with Hurricane Beryl leaving a trail of destruction across the Caribbean, into Mexico and Texas.","long":"The 2024 north Atlantic hurricane season has started with a bang, with Hurricane Beryl traversing the whole ocean, and leaving a trail of destruction across the Caribbean, into Mexico and Texas. Presenter Roland Pease speaks to climate expert Michael Mann of Pennsylvania University about this hurricane season and the role of climate change.\n\nAnd Roland speaks to Amie Eisfeld of the Influenza Research Institute at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, who has been looking at the infection and transmission of bovine H5N1 influenza (bird flu). The virus is shown to be transmitted through the milk of cows with bovine flu to mice and by intranasal exposure to mice and ferrets. The findings are published in Nature this week.\n\nAncient genomics: Neolithic farmers hit hard by the plague. Repeated outbreaks of plague may have contributed to the decline in Neolithic populations in Scandinavia, a Nature paper suggests. The analysis of ancient DNA from more than 100 individuals sheds light on the fate of these farmers around 5000 years ago. Roland speaks to geneticist Frederik Seersholm of the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre in Copenhagen.\n\nAnd a cheap coating that can be painted easily onto the glass of greenhouses converts part of the sunlight spectrum into red light that should boost the rate at which plants grow. Roland joins the chemists and crop scientists to see if there really is a difference with tomatoes and strawberries.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth \n\n(Image: Hurricane Beryl batters northern Jamaica after killing 7 people in southeast Caribbean. Credit: Anadolu/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0j9sy3y.jpg","duration":{"value":1737,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-07-11T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jc8p0x","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd0","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","label":"18 Jul 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Destination Asteroid Apophis","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Destination Asteroid Apophis"},"synopses":{"short":"The ESA is starting preparatory work for its next planetary defence mission.","medium":"The European Space Agency is starting preparatory work for its next planetary defence mission – the Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety (Ramses).","long":"There’s an update from asteroid expert Patrick Michel about the European Space Agency’s Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety. The ESA have received permission to begin preparatory work for the planetary defence mission which will rendezvous with the asteroid Apophis, that will be passing by the Earth on Friday, April 13th 2029. \n\nAnd in news from the Moon this week – a massive cave has been discovered on its surface that might be a window into the body’s sub-surface, and even a ready-made lunar base for future astronauts to use. The claim was made in Nature Astronomy by a team of Italian planetary scientists, and two experts in remote sensing who have been re-interpreting radar data from a NASA orbiter - Leonardo Carrer and Lorenzo Bruzzone from University of Trento in Italy. \n \nIn the magazine Science, there’s a call for a re-doubling of efforts to tackle malaria in Africa as signs grow that a leading treatment, Artemisinin, is becoming less effective. Deus Ishengoma, a malaria expert with the Tanzanian National Institute for Medical Research, is worried, having seen the transformation Artemesinin made in the past. \n\nTiny solar-powered flying robots - an ultra-lightweight, solar-powered micro aerial vehicle capable of sustained flight is described in a paper published in Nature. Peng Jinzhe of the School of Energy and Power Engineering at Beihang University was part of the team behind the 8 millimetre robot. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth \n\n(Image: ESA’s Ramses mission to asteroid Apophis. Credit: The European Space Agency)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jc7qhk.jpg","duration":{"value":2033,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-07-18T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jdkvw2","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd1","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","label":"25 Jul 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The human cost of the decline of nature’s carcass cleaners","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The human cost of the decline of nature’s carcass cleaners"},"synopses":{"short":"The loss of vultures in India may be responsible for half a million human deaths.","medium":"The near extinction of vultures in India may be responsible for an additional half a million human deaths between 2000 and 2005.","long":"The near extinction of vultures in India may be responsible for an additional half a million human deaths between 2000 and 2005. The widespread use of the painkiller diclofenac in herds of cattle, starting in 1994, led to a massive decline in vulture populations in India, as the drug is poisonous to them. We hear from environmental economist Anant Sudarshan of Warwick University. \n\nCooking like a Neanderthal - Mariana Nabais of the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution has been replicating ancient butchering methods to learn how Neanderthals ate birds. \n\nA faster test for sepsis – we hear from Sunghoon Kwon of Seoul National University about a new method for identifying the pathogens involved in sepsis cases. The test has the potential to reduce the turnaround times normally associated with developing treatments for infections and may improve patient outcomes. \n\nAnd it seems we may have inherited some conversational habits from chimps – or rather from whatever came before us and chimps 6 million years ago. Cat Hobaiter of the School of Psychology and Neuroscience of St Andrews University and her colleagues have found that like humans, wild chimps engage in snappy, turn-taking conversations. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n(Image: World Wildlife Day - Gyps fulvus feeding on a buffalo carcass at Kaziranga National Park in Assam, India. Credit: Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jdjdnv.jpg","duration":{"value":1897,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-07-25T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jfycm6","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd2","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","label":"01 Aug 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Examining Nasa's new evidence for Martian life","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Examining Nasa's new evidence for Martian life"},"synopses":{"short":"Mars rock found that may indicate it hosted microbial life billions of years ago","medium":"NASA’s Perseverance Rover has found a fascinating rock on Mars that may indicate it hosted microbial life billions of years ago.","long":"Nasa's Perseverance Rover has found a fascinating rock on Mars that may indicate it hosted microbial life billions of years ago. Abigail Allwood, exobiologist at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Lab, is on the team scrutinising the new Martian data. \n\nAnd a couple of newly discovered, approximately 500 year old fossils from the ‘Cambrian explosion’ of complexity caught presenter Roland Pease’s eye this week. First Martin Smith from Durham University tells us about a tiny grub that is ancestor to worms, insects, spiders and crustaceans. Then Ma Xiaoya, who has positions at both Yunnan University in China and Exeter University in the UK, tells us about a spiny slug that was also discovered in a famous fossil site in China. \n\nAnd the first sightings of the landscapes on the underside of the ice shelves that fringe Antarctica. These float atop the ocean around the frozen continent but effectively hold back the glaciers and ice sheets on the vast landmass. Their physical condition therefore is pretty critical in this warming world, Anna Wåhlin of Gothenburg University tells us. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth \n\n(Photo: Nasa’s Perseverance Mars rover taking a selfie on Mars. Credit: Nasa/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jfxqtg.jpg","duration":{"value":1772,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-08-01T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jh974f","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd3","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","label":"08 Aug 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Detecting undetected bird flu cases","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Detecting undetected bird flu cases"},"synopses":{"short":"Cases of bird flu in farm workers in the US may be going underreported.","medium":"Cases of bird flu in farm workers in the US may be going underreported, due to supposed poor surveillance and lack of testing.","long":"Cases of bird flu in farm workers in the US may be going underreported, due to supposed poor surveillance and lack of testing. We hear from Amy Maxmen of KFF Health News who has been reporting on a study in Texas. \n\nWe hear from Bradley Moore, Professor of Marine Chemical Biology at University of California, San Diego about marine algae using massive enzymes, dubbed PKZILLAs to biosynthesize fish-killing toxins. \n\nBBC Science Correspondent Jonathan Amos gives us the latest on the two American astronauts who blasted off on a test mission to the International Space Station on 5 June, expecting to be back home in a matter of days. But the pair are still there, floating high above the Earth two months later - stuck indefinitely - now facing the sudden prospect of missing the summer entirely and even spending Christmas and New Year in space. \n\nAnd sea lion camera crews are helping researchers explore previously unmapped ocean habitats in southern Australia. Nathan Angelakis of the University of Adelaide tells us about working with the animal camera operators and what we can learn from viewing their movements. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth \n\n(Image: Young Farmer and Cows on Dairy Farm. Credit: EyeJoy via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jhb0td.jpg","duration":{"value":1931,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-08-08T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jjpnsm","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd4","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","label":"15 Aug 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The spread of rabies into Cape fur seals","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The spread of rabies into Cape fur seals"},"synopses":{"short":"In June this year there was the first detected occurrence of rabies in Cape fur seals.","medium":"In June this year there was the first detected occurrence of rabies in Cape fur seals, discovered after a rabies case in a dog that had been bitten by a seal.","long":"In June this year there was the first detected occurrence of rabies in Cape fur seals, discovered after a rabies case in a dog that had been bitten by a seal. Professor Wanda Markotter, Director of the Centre for Viral Zoonoses at University of Pretoria, has been trying to work out how the virus spread into seals and how to keep people (and their pet dogs) safe. \n\nThe Japan Meteorological Agency issued a seismic “advisory” last week alerting local authorities and the public to a heightened risk of a massive, tsunami-generating earthquake on its southeast coast. Californian emergency manager and sociologist James Goltz, has been working with Japanese experts to evaluate a new dynamic alert system that they introduced after the great 2011 earthquake and tsunami which claimed up to 20,000 lives further north. \n\nWe hear from Professor Alan Jamieson from the depths of the Tonga Trench. He recently dived into it to see what weird and wonderful creatures he’d find there – but when he reached the bottom, he didn’t see what he expected...! \n\nAnd Steven Goderis of the Free University of Brussels tells us about the Chicxulub impactor - the massive asteroid smacked into Earth off the Mexican coast causing the mass extinction event which wiped out the dinosaurs. He’s part of a paper in the journal Science, looking into the history of the impactor - revealing it was a rare carbonaceous asteroid from beyond Jupiter. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis \n\n(Image: Fighting Seals. Credit: Edwin Remsberg via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jjpnfs.jpg","duration":{"value":1821,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-08-15T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jl1zv5","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd5","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","label":"22 Aug 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Fisheries mismanagement uncovered","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Fisheries mismanagement uncovered"},"synopses":{"short":"Fishery assessment models overestimate the sustainability of the world’s fisheries.","medium":"Fishery assessment models – the “backbone” of fisheries management – overestimate the sustainability of the world’s fisheries, according to a study of 230 fisheries worldwide.","long":"Fishery assessment models – the “backbone” of fisheries management – overestimate the sustainability of the world’s fisheries, according to a study of 230 fisheries worldwide, and populations of many overfished species are in far worse condition than has been reported. We hear from Rainer Froese of GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. \n\nThe lunar south pole contains evidence of ancient magma ocean. An analysis of lunar soil in the Moon’s southern high-latitude regions, performed using data from India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission, suggests the presence of remnants of a former ocean of magma. Roland speaks to Santosh Vadawale of India’s Physical Research Laboratory. \n\nStefanie Haustein of the School of Information Studies at Ottawa University discusses the article processing costs for open access of the journal publishing giants in science. \n\nThe risk of a banana apocalypse could be near, but biologists, including Li-Jun Ma of the University of Massachusetts, might have found a key to their survival. Bananas are facing functional extinction due to the disease Fusarium wilt of banana caused by a fungal pathogen. Discovery of molecular mechanisms used by the banana-destroying microbe brings hope. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis\n\n(Image: Fisherman emptying net full of fish into hold on trawler. Credit: Monty Rakusen via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jl0rb1.jpg","duration":{"value":1758,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-08-22T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jmcjrw","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd6","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","label":"29 Aug 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Wow! A mystery signal solved","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Wow! A mystery signal solved"},"synopses":{"short":"In 1977 astronomers recorded a strange radio transmission, perhaps even from aliens.","medium":"In 1977 astronomers recorded a brief radio transmission, seemingly perhaps from an alien civilization. But now a team in Puerto Rico have come up with an astrophysical hypothesis.","long":"In 1977 astronomers recorded a brief and strange radio transmission that looked like it perhaps had even come from an alien civilization. It was named the Wow! signal – because that’s what astronomer Jerry Ehman wrote on the computer printout upon its discovery. But now a team including Abel Méndez of the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo have come up with an astrophysical hypothesis. \n\nAn oil tanker which was attacked by Yemen's Houthi rebels in the Red Sea last week is still on fire and may be leaking oil, the US Pentagon says. The talk now is of an agreement to salvage the tanker so a crisis may be avoided, but marine ecologist Carlos Duarte of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia explains how precious ecosystems are at risk. \n\nA meta-analysis of Mediterranean Sea marine species reveals the profound impact of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Konstantina Agiadi of the University of Vienna tells us how this drastic environmental event resulted in the almost complete evaporation of the Mediterranean Sea roughly 5.5 million years ago and how the resulting changes still influence ecosystems today. \n\nWildfires that swept across Canada last year are still burning in some parts. A new study has confirmed that they put into the atmosphere a vast amount of burned carbon, over half a billion tonnes. Only China, India and the USA emitted more fossil-fuel based carbon in that period. Brendan Byrne of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been using satellite-based observations to track the carbon release. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell\nProduction Coordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis\n\n(Image: The Wow! signal represented as \"6EQUJ5\". Credit: NAAPO)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jmc1gt.jpg","duration":{"value":1741,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-08-29T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jns3j3","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd7","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","label":"05 Sep 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Concerning viruses found in fur farmed animals","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Concerning viruses found in fur farmed animals"},"synopses":{"short":"A survey of diseased animals from fur farms has revealed potentially threatening viruses","medium":"A Chinese survey of diseased animals farmed for their fur has revealed high levels of potentially threatening viruses, many of which appear to jump easily from species to species.","long":"A Chinese survey of diseased animals farmed for their fur – such as mink, foxes and raccoon dogs - has revealed high levels of concerning viruses, including coronaviruses and flu viruses, many of which appear to jump easily from species to species. John Pettersson of Uppsala University discusses the threat to us humans. \n\nWe learnt early on in the Covid-19 pandemic how important the genetic details of the virus were in tracking the spread and spotting new variants. The vaccines were designed from gene sequences shared electronically long before any biological samples became available. Virologist Emma Hodcroft has teamed up with researchers around the world to develop a new virus database, Pathoplexus, to speed up the sharing of gene sequences. \n\nMpox outbreaks are causing concerns in Central and West Africa - particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A smallpox vaccine has started arriving, giving some protection against mpox. But there’s good news this week in an experimental vaccine developed especially for mpox by Moderna – one of the companies that brought us the mRNA vaccines against Covid-19. Galit Alter, vice president of immunology research at Moderna, tells us animal tests show that it appears to be highly effective. \n\nAnd we discuss embryonic eavesdropping with Francisco Ruiz-Raya of Glasgow University. In the yellow-legged-gull, baby bird embryos that have chattier parents tend to come out chattier themselves – and likely receive better care because of their enhanced communication. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction co-ordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis \n\n(Image: A mink in a mink farm in the hands of a man. Credit: Neznam/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jns0q6.jpg","duration":{"value":1844,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-09-05T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jq5wj8","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd8","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","label":"12 Sep 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"A landslide-induced megatsunami in Greenland","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"A landslide-induced megatsunami in Greenland"},"synopses":{"short":"The 200-metre-high tsunami sloshed between the cliffs of Dickson Fjord for nine days","medium":"Nearly a year ago, a two-hundred-metre-high tsunami sloshed between the cliffs of Dickson Fjord for nine days. It was caused by a landslide and produced a global seismic signal.","long":"Nearly a year ago, the top of a mountain on the Greenland coast broke off and slid a thousand metres down into the Dickson Fjord. The impact created a tsunami that started two-hundred-metres-high and sloshed between the cliffs for nine days, producing a global seismic signal. But it was so remote, only now are the details becoming clear. We hear from Paula Koelemeijer, Wieter Boone and Søren Rysgaard. \n\nThe decline of the ancient inhabitants of Rapa Nui was unlikely to have been caused by a self-inflicted population collapse, thereby rejecting a contentious theory of ‘ecological suicide’. Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas of the University of Lausanne discusses her team’s findings which shed light on the population history of the island formerly known as Easter Island - one of the most remote inhabited places in the world, around 3,700 km west of South America and over 1,900 km east of the closest inhabited island. \n\nA newly identified species of wasp that attacks and lays eggs inside an adult fly has been discovered by Logan Moore and colleagues from Mississippi State University. Around 200 species of parasitoid wasps that target the fruit fly have been discovered to date - they lay their eggs in living creatures - all of which have been shown to target their hosts during vulnerable stages, such as when larvae or pupae. Until now, no wasp that attacks and develops inside the adult stage of a fruit fly host has been described. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction Coordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis \n\n(Image: Copernicus Sentinel Data (2023). Credit: European Space Agency)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jq6nm9.jpg","duration":{"value":1768,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-09-12T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jrl9vz","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vd9","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","label":"19 Sep 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Flash floods in the Sahara","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Flash floods in the Sahara"},"synopses":{"short":"The Sahara has been experiencing unusually heavy rainfall due to an extratropical cyclone","medium":"The Sahara Desert has been experiencing unusually heavy rainfall due to an extratropical cyclone, causing flash floods in Morocco.","long":"The Sahara Desert has been experiencing unusually heavy rainfall due to an extratropical cyclone, causing flash floods in Morocco. We hear from Moshe Armon of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. \n\nA 485-million-year temperature record of Earth reveals Phanerozoic climate variability. Brian Huber of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington DC tells us more. \n\nAnd Mary Lewis of Reading University discusses new research looking into what puberty was like for our ancestors towards the end of the last ice age. Teenagers from 25,000 years ago went through similar puberty stages as modern-day adolescents. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction co-ordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis \n\n(Photo: Moroccan municipal workers and members of Auxiliary Forces help drain a road in a flooded neighbourhood in the city of Ouarzazate. Credit: Abderahim Elbcir/AFP/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jrl7ft.jpg","duration":{"value":1614,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-09-19T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jszr3g","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdb","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","label":"26 Sep 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Historic weather extremes revealed using tree-rings","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Historic weather extremes revealed using tree-rings"},"synopses":{"short":"The jet stream has shaped extreme weather, influencing harvests, wildfires and epidemics","medium":"Tree-ring data has been used to show how the jet stream has shaped extreme weather in Europe for centuries, influencing harvests, wildfires and epidemics.","long":"Valerie Trouet of the University of Arizona tells us how tree-ring data has been used to show how the jet stream has shaped extreme weather in Europe for centuries, influencing harvests, wildfires and epidemics. \n\nMonash University’s Andy Tomkins discusses how, around 460 million years ago, the Earth was briefly encircled by a ring of dust – like Saturn is today, and that the resulting temporary astronomical shade may have cooled the planet. Andy proposes that this dust came from an asteroid which had a close encounter with our planet. \n\nAnd the cell biology of choking on your drink with Laura Seeholzer from the University of California, San Francisco. Laura has won the 2024 Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology recognising her work on the discovery of how neuroendocrine cells protect our airways.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell \nProduction co-ordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis\n\n(Photo: Members of the research team collected tree ring samples at various locations in Europe, including the Balkan region. Credit: Courtesy of Valerie Trouet)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jt0fgj.jpg","duration":{"value":1609,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-09-26T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jvgmwq","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdc","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","label":"03 Oct 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Excesses of rain","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Excesses of rain"},"synopses":{"short":"How much did climate change drive storm Helene?","medium":"Storm Helene devastated parts, and many lives, in the US recently. How much was driven by climate change, and what are the longer-term consequences?","long":"As we were putting the finishing touches to last week’s Science in Action, the US National Weather Service was warning of Hurricane Helene’s fast approach to the Florida coast – alerting people to ‘unsurvivable’ storm surges of up to 6 metres. But the category 4 storm powered, as forecast, far past the coast and into the rugged interior of Tennessee and the Carolinas. 150 billion tonnes of rainfall are estimated to have been dumped there, with devastating consequences for the towns and villages snuggled into the deep-cut valleys of the region. Bloomberg says the event could cost $160 billion. Extreme warmth in the Gulf of Mexico helped fuel the hurricane, and within a few days Berkeley climatologist Michael Wehner had computed the fingerprint of climate change on the event. \n\nThe journal Nature published this week a study estimating the true number of casualties of hurricanes like Helene – not just those registered in the immediate aftermath, deaths caused by the instant trauma, but those in the months, even years, that follow, because of the disruption to lives and infrastructure. Rachel Young of Stanford University was herself surprised by the scale of harm her calculations revealed. \n\nAt least the dams held in North Carolina during Helene, although the sight of torrents of water gushing down the protective spillways at the peak was fearsome to see. A year ago, the two dams upstream of the Libyan port Derna both failed during Storm Daniel – ripping out the heart of the city and claiming at least 6000 lives. We reported what we could at the time here on Science in Action. But a World Bank study on the disaster reported back to an international dam conference in India this week a more detailed investigation – though the fractious politics of Libya put constraints on their work. Climate change was a massive part – normal monthly September rain in the area is 1.5 mm – but over 200 mm, maybe 400, fell on the hills behind Derna the night of the 10th. But it was the report of independent engineer Ahmed Chraibi that interested Science in Action – on the condition of the two dams, one just on the edge of the city, the other larger one 15 km upstream. He confirmed these had been built, in the 70s, for flood protection not to store water, but were in a shocking state long before last year’s cataclysm. \n\nYou’ve not been paying attention here in the past 5 years if you haven’t learned how clever our immune system is in recognising viruses that invade our bodies. Different arms of the system like antibodies and white blood cells can take on the viruses directly, or kill infected cells to stop the infection spreading further. But it’s slow to respond to new infections, which is why our pharmacies also stock antivirals, small molecules which also lock onto components of viruses to stop them replicating. Too often though, they’re not as effective as we’d like. Flu antivirals for example work only if you catch the infection very early. So I was intrigued to read in the Proceedings of the National Academy this week of a new kind of drug that is like an antiviral, but gets the immune system to do the hard work. Imrul Shahria reckoned there are all kinds of antibodies and immune cells floating through our tissues not doing much, but that could be tricked into tackling flu infections – with a little molecular deception. He's effectively hacked the flu antiviral zanamivir which locks onto the neuraminidase protein – the N – of flu viruses, and given it immune superpowers. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Alex Mansfield\nProduction co-ordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis\n\n(Photo: Hurricane Helene causes massive flooding across swaths of western North Carolina. Credit: Melissa Sue Gerrits/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jvgjym.jpg","duration":{"value":2056,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-10-03T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jwzmff","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdd","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","label":"10 Oct 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Nobel convergence","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Nobel convergence"},"synopses":{"short":"A look at the stories behind the Nobel science prizes announced this week.","medium":"In the week the Nobel prizes for science are announced, we look at the stories behind the breakthroughs being recognized.","long":"In the week the Nobel prizes for science are announced, Roland Pease takes a look at the stories behind the breakthroughs being recognized, and the themes that connect them. From the discovery of the tiny fragments of RNA that regulate our cells’ behaviour, via computer structures that resemble our brains, and harnessing those sorts of computers to design drugs and medicines, it has been one of the most interdisciplinary years for the prize panellists. \n\nWe hear from old students, recent colleagues, laureates and lab (and life) partners, including Rosalind “Candy” Lee and her husband Victor Ambros, of UMass Chan Medical School, US, Erika DeBenedictus of the Crick Institute, UK, and Dmitri Krotov of IBM Research. \n\nPresented: Roland Pease \nProduced: Alex Mansfield\nProduction co-ordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis\n\n(Photo: 3d rendering of RNA strands and lipid-based nanoparticles or liposome. Credit: Love Employee via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jwyw9d.jpg","duration":{"value":2284,"label":"38 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-10-10T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jygvr2","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdf","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","label":"17 Oct 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Marvels of life and death","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Marvels of life and death"},"synopses":{"short":"As fish farming impacts grow, a look at some clever life-hacks at the extremes.","medium":"Fish Farming impacts on the wild are growing, and at the same time we find extraordinary ways that living things have found their niche.","long":"The “dewilding” effects of fish farming and mariculture are in the spotlight this week. Farmed fish can impact marine ecosystems in several ways, and surprisingly one of those is the effect it has on consumer perceptions of the impact of eating farmed fish, as researchers Becca Franks of NYU and Laurie Sellars at Yale suggest. \n\nMeanwhile, Manu Prakesh and colleagues at Stanford University in the US have found a remarkable plankton that can traverse the depths of the oceans by ballooning to five times its size, giving clues as to how an important carbon sink actually works. And Monika Bright at the University of Vienna has found animals and tubeworms living in the very rock below volcanic hydrothermal vents. Life finds a way… \n\n…But not always. 445 million years ago the second worst mass extinction event wiped out countless species of life on earth. But why? This week astronomer Chrysa Avdellidou of Leicester University and colleagues say they have found the origin for a famous meteor event that also happened around that time. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Alex Mansfield\nProduction co-ordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis\n\n(Image: Aerial view of seagulls following a fishing trawler. Credit: Felix Cesare via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0jyg8rl.jpg","duration":{"value":2162,"label":"36 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-10-17T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0jzyf1r","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdg","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","label":"24 Oct 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Betelbuddy and Silk Road Cities","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Betelbuddy and Silk Road Cities"},"synopses":{"short":"Does the famous Betelgeuse have an orbiting companion, hidden in plain sight?","medium":"Could the famous star Betelgeuse actually have a companion, hidden in plain sight? And could a good COF scrub the carbon from our atmosphere, while our food grows in the dark?","long":"Betelgeuse, one of the brightest and most famous stars in the northern night sky, has varied in brightness with an elusive pattern ever since observations began. Many theories exist as to why it ebbs and flows with apparently two distinct rhythms – one shorter and another around 2000 days long.\n\nBut just recently two independent astronomical teams have unveiled papers suggesting the existence of an orbital companion circling the red giant. About the size of our own sun, the “Betelbuddy” may whizz round Betelgeuse, almost skimming its surface, every 2000 days. And why haven’t we seen the Betelbuddy before? Because, from here, it would be a million times fainter than Betelgeuse itself, as one of the authors, and long-time Betelgeuse watcher, Andrea Dupree of Harvard and Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics explains.\n\nBack here on earth, Omar Yaghi of Berkeley, University of California and colleagues have been designing a new material that can scrub carbon dioxide out of the air in minutes. They have patented this type of Covalent Organic Framework (COF) and are hoping to scale up production such that a few hundred tonnes deployed around our biggest cities could solve our CO2 crisis.\n\nBut then what do you do with all those gigatonnes of CO2? Maybe one thing would be to use solar power to convert it into plant food. Robert Jinkerson and colleagues describe in the journal Joule a proposal to transform global food production into “Electro-Agriculture”, growing plants, fungi and algae on acetate made from solar energy. Their proposal would also shrink the global footprint of farming to allow more natural habitat.\n\nAnd finally, Michael Frachetti of Washington University in St Louis has published an archaeological survey of two lost conurbations in the mountains of southern Uzbekistan that he and colleagues rediscovered in the last few years. He argues that the scale and complexity of these dwelling, and their location over 2000m, way above normal agricultural altitude mean we need to reconsider these stops on what would have been the Silk Road, around 600-1000 CE, perhaps even pointing at a very early industrial economy.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Alex Mansfield with Andrew Lewis\n\n(Image: Orion sink to Kashimayarigadake. Credit: Getty)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0k05xz8.jpg","duration":{"value":2144,"label":"35 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-10-24T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0k1hk1y","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdn","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","label":"31 Oct 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Global warming strikes again","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Global warming strikes again"},"synopses":{"short":"The devastating floods around Valencia are easily attributable to climate change.","medium":"The devastating floods around Valencia are easily attributable to climate change. Could other flood-risk areas learn some lessons in adaptation?","long":"This week at least 150 people have been killed due to devastating flash flooding sweeping through areas of Valencia in Spain. Ana Camarasa Belmonte, Professor of Physical Geography at the University of Valencia, has been studying the flood patterns and hydrology of the area for years. Even she was astounded by the magnitude of the inundation. And, as Jess Neumann of Reading University in the UK tells Roland, part of the tragedy is that the effective communication of risk somehow relies on citizens being able to adequately imagine the almost unimaginable.\n\nTen years ago this week, Friederike Otto and colleagues founded the World Weather Attribution network. The network aims to provide quick analysis of climate change's impact on on extreme weather events. They have already found that the Spanish flooding was made more intense, and more likely, by our warming world. Earlier in the week they published a different analysis of the 10 most deadly, extreme-weather events of this century. They concluded that all 10 events were made more extreme or more likely by climate change, and that these 10 events alone account for some 570,000 deaths.\n\nIn the US, Scientists have tested the strain of H5N1 bird flu swabbed from the eye of an infected Texan farm worker. They found it to be both lethal and transmissible via the respiratory tract of mice and ferrets. It contains a mutation PB2-627K, common in avian viruses in mammalian cells, as Amie Eisfeld of the Universoity of Wisconsin-Madison explains.\n\n\nPresented by Roland Pease\nProduced by Alex Mansfield\nProduction Coordination by Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n\n(Image: Aftermath of catastrophic floods in Spain's Valencia. Credit: Anadolu via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0k1h9gl.jpg","duration":{"value":2035,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-10-31T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0k31rsl","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdp","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","label":"07 Nov 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"New ways to study coronaviruses","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"New ways to study coronaviruses"},"synopses":{"short":"Scientists in Wuhan and the US unveil a new way to design virus receptors on human cells.","medium":"Scientists in Wuhan and the US unveil a new way to design virus receptors on human cells. Also, new DNA samples from ancient Pompeii volcano victims re-writes many assumptions.","long":"Many coronaviruses exist in nature that we don’t know much about. We don’t even know how and whether most of them might bind to human cells. Research published in Nature, by scientists at Wuhan and Washington Universities, describes a new way of designing novel receptor sites on cell cultures so that many types of coronavirus may now be cultured and studied to ascertain their risk to humans. Cambridge virologist Ravindra Gupta, who is not one of the authors, gives Science in Action his take on the risks versus the reward.\n\nDotted around the remains of Pompeii, visitors are often struck by the plaster casts of some of the victims’ dying moments. During recent restoration of several of these casts, scientists were able to extract DNA samples from bones which had previously been enveloped by plaster since their initial discovery. As Alissa Mittnik of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology describes, some of the findings confound our previous narratives about their lives, relationships, and even their genders.\n\nRozenn Pineau, a plant evolutionary geneticist at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has been investigating the unique evolutionary history of the world's oldest (and biggest) tree - \"Pando\".\n\nAnd finally, the oldest known tadpole is described from a 160 million year old Argentinian fossil by biologist Mariana Chuliver.\n\nPresented by Roland Pease\nProduced by Alex Mansfield, with Eliane Glaser\nProduction Coordination by Jana Bennett-Holesworth \n\n(Image: Illustration of Covid-19 coronavirus binding to human cell. Credit: Kateryna Kon via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0k30wlw.jpg","duration":{"value":1750,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-11-07T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0k4m7dp","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdq","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","label":"14 Nov 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Drastic plastic reductions","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Drastic plastic reductions"},"synopses":{"short":"Machine learning models suggest pathways to reduce global plastic waste by 91% by 2050.","medium":"Machine learning models suggest pathways to reduce global plastic waste by 91% by 2050. Also, can dark energy tell us why we exist at all?","long":"Before December, the United Nations aims to have a global treaty in place covering efforts to limit global plastic production and pollution. In a paper in the journal Science, a team of scientists have used machine learning to estimate what happens by 2050 if we do nothing. But they have also found that the problem is solvable, with the right political will, and as marine ecologist Neil Nathan of UCSB points out, with surprisingly little new rules, waste could be reduced by 91%.\n\nMachine learning this week has also helped in the creation of Evo, a tool that has created a sort of chat-GPT for the language of life, DNA. Patrick Hsu, of the University of California at Berkeley is very optimistic that the power of this tool both to predict function and one day even design whole organisms is a foundational new approach. \n\nMigratory birds navigate vast distances without GPS. It’s long been strongly suspected that they use the earth’s magnetic field to find their way, but Richard Holland of Bangor University and colleagues have found nuance in the way they do, and publish their findings in Proceedings of the Royal Society B this week. Using electromagnetic cages they have fooled individual warblers into acting as if they were in Russia, whilst actually still being in Austria.\n\nMeanwhile, Daniele Sorini, a cosmologist at Durham University has been thinking about dark energy and the possibility of our existence. In a thought experiment wondering what changing the density of dark energy would do to the likelihood of our being here to even think about it. Slightly contrary to what many reason is the fine-tuning of universal constants to allow us, as intelligent observers, to exist, Daniele and colleagues calculate that actually our observed density of dark energy is not the most likely to allow intelligent life. If there are other universes in the multiverse, most observers would think there was much more dark energy than we do. You can read up about it in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, if you are an intelligent observer yourself.\n\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Alex Mansfield with Eliane Glaser\nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth \n\n(Image: Plastic waste issues in Philippines. Credit: Daniel Ceng/Anadolu via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0k4kzng.jpg","duration":{"value":1907,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-11-14T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0k645dn","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdr","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","label":"21 Nov 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Faster, wetter, worse tropical storms","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Faster, wetter, worse tropical storms"},"synopses":{"short":"Every 2024 Atlantic hurricane was intensified by warming climate, with categories raised.","medium":"Every 2024 Atlantic hurricane intensified by warming climate, with whole category upgrades. Also chimp culture, the value of old age across species, and deep sea wilderness.","long":"It is hard not to have noticed the intensity of storms around the world this year, not least the Atlantic storms that battered the eastern US. A new study, using a new technique, confirms their attribution to climate change, and goes further, finding that many of them were actually raised in intensity category compared to how strong they might have been in a world without anthropogenic climate change. The costs are already extraordinary, according to Daniel Gilford of Climate Central in Princeton.\n\nWhen it comes to wildlife conservation, one of the underestimated parameters is the “old and wise” individuals in a population. According to a review paper in the journal Science, not only are earth’s old animals in decline, in many species they are vital to recovery and resilience when outside factors endanger numbers. As co-author Lauren Brent of Exeter University points out, these sorts of nuance are not always looked out for in conservation estimates.\n\nChimps have culture, but is their culture cumulative and transmissible or innate and intuitive? Comparing a large database of observed chimpanzee behaviours, together with genetic lineages, Cassandra Gunasekaram and Andrea Migliano, of the University of Zurich, found that types of more complex tool usage can be correlated with reproductive overlaps between different chimp communities. The wandering females maybe carry tech knowledge with them when they travel to find new mates. Is this something both chimps and humans inherited from a common ancestor?\n\nAnd finally, as the harvesting of deep ocean polymetallic nodules gets nearer to commercial reality, the French research ship L’Atalante sets sail this week to study the animals that live on and around these strange chemical balls scattered across the abyssal plains of the mid pacific ocean. As lead scientist aboard, Pierre-Antoine Dessandier tells us, it is essential to understand how these animals live in the dark, 5km down, before the habitats are disturbed. The Eden mission will be searching the Clarion-Clipperton zone until January 2025.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Alex Mansfield with Eliane Glaser\nProduction co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n(Photo: Hurricane Milton seen from the International Space Station. Credit: Nasa/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0k644wd.jpg","duration":{"value":2062,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-11-21T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0k7n1tz","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vds","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","label":"28 Nov 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Fifty years of Charm","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Fifty years of Charm"},"synopses":{"short":"Why November 1974 became known as the “November Revolution” in particle physics","medium":"Why November 1974 became known as the “November Revolution” in particle physics. Also, how easily bacteria can eat asteroid samples","long":"November 1974 became known as the “November Revolution” in particle physics. Two teams on either side of the US discovered the same particle - the “J/psi” meson. On the \"J\" team, at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Sau Lan Wu and colleagues were smashing protons and neutrons together and looking for electrons and positron pairs in the debris. Over at Stanford on the other side of the US, Dr Michael Riordan was in a lab with the \"psi\" team who, in some ways the other direction, were smashing electrons and positrons together to see what was created. They both, unbeknownst to each other, found a peak around 3.1Gev.\n\nIt was shortly after that the full significance was clear. The existence of this particle confirmed a new type of quark, theorised in what we now call the Standard Model, but never before observed - the Charm quark. And with Prof Sau Lan Wu’s team’s subsequent discovery of gluons – the things that hold it all together – a pattern appeared in what had been the chaos of high energy physics and the nature of matter. Sau Lan and Michael (author of \"The Hunting of the Quark: A True Story of Modern Physics\") tell Roland the story.\n\nProf Matthew Genge and colleagues at the Natural History Museum in London have found evidence of a bacillus growing on samples of the asteroid Ryugu brought back from space by the Hayabusa 2 mission. Rather than evidence for alien life, as they suggest in a paper this month, the contamination shows how easily terrestrial microorganisms can colonise space rocks, even when subjected to the strictest control precautions.\n\nAnd Per Ahlberg of Uppsala University and colleagues report in Science how they have taken a load of fossilised faecal matter and mapped out the evolution of dinosaur diets. First came the carnivores… then the vegetarian revolution…\n\n(Photo: Samuel Ting (front) shown with members of his J/psi experimental team. Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Alex Mansfield"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0k7l5cv.jpg","duration":{"value":2367,"label":"39 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-11-28T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0k95ldp","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdt","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","label":"05 Dec 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Bovine H5N1 gets a sniff of humans","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Bovine H5N1 gets a sniff of humans"},"synopses":{"short":"How a single mutation in bovine H5N1 flu can make it prefer human cells.","medium":"How a single mutation in bovine H5N1 flu can make it prefer human cells. Plus, unexpected side effects of cleaning up shipping exhausts.","long":"Scientists have found that just one mutation in the current H5N1 virus in cattle can switch its preference from avian to human receptors. Jim Paulson and colleagues at the Scripps Institute did not use the whole virus to investigate this, but proteins from one of the Texas farm workers found to be infected. It suggests the bovine H5N1 virus has already evolved subtly. Meanwhile, Richard Webby of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis helps us catch up on the latest known about the case of the Canadian teenager taken seriously ill a month ago with a different variant of avian H5N1.\n \nA debate has been rumbling this last year about the extent of ocean warming by, perhaps paradoxically, the reduction of particulate pollution from the fuel used by ships. The idea is that the small particles of sulphates and nitrates in the soot from funnels actually formed clouds over shipping lanes out at sea. This in turn sheltered the oceans to some extent from solar radiation, thus making latter decades of the 20th century seem cooler than they would have measured today. Hence, removing the particulate pollution from bunker fuel, mandated by the International Maritime Organisation a few years ago, may have contributed to the surge in ocean temperatures witnessed in the last two years. Daniele Visione, of Cornell, and colleagues have done the modelling and found that there has indeed been a noticeable effect.\n \nBut earth’s oceans are certainly not as hot as Venus’ ones, if indeed such oceans ever existed. It has long been held that once upon a time our sunward neighbour might have possessed liquid water oceans, long since boiled off by runaway greenhouse effects of the atmosphere. But, breaking with science fiction visions of aliens paddling in temperate seas, Tereza Constantinou of Cambridge University has been looking at the gases coming out of the volcanos on Venus, and has concluded that the planet never had such surface water, basically because the rocks from which magma is made don’t billow steam when they boil today. \n \nPresented by Roland Pease\nProduced by Alex Mansfield with Debbie Kilbride\nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth\n\n(Image: Bird Flu in Dairy Cows; Credit: The Washington Post via Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0k94xrp.jpg","duration":{"value":2034,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-12-05T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0kbm3vh","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct5vdv","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","label":"12 Dec 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Warming oceans kill millions of birds","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Warming oceans kill millions of birds"},"synopses":{"short":"4 million sea birds died in Alaska as a result of a warming pacific.","medium":"4 million sea birds, half the population of common murres Alaska, died as a result of a warming pacific. Also, more clues on the origin of Covid-19.","long":"Heatwaves in the pacific ocean have had a devastating effect on seabird populations in the north eastern US. Julia Parrish and colleagues publish this week 4 million deaths of Alaskan common murres attributable to rising water temperatures during 2014-16, representing half the population. One idea is that the fish on which the birds feed swim at deeper depths to find cooler temperatures, taking them below the depth the birds can dive. Worse, the reduced population numbers have endured almost ten years later. \n\nPre-eclampsia affects up to 5 percent of pregnancies across the world. It reduces blood flow through the placenta, endangering mother, and even hindering the development of the foetus. But a promising approach to a possible therapy is described by Kelsey Swingle and colleagues this week. Much like some covid vaccines, by using a sort of lipid nanoparticles to deliver mRNA directly to the placenta in pregnant mice has resulted in healthier outcomes by widening the placental capillaries, allowing blood to flow more normally.\n\nAngie Rasmussen updates Roland on some of the work reported at a conference in Japan this week, pointing more directly to the covid-19 pandemic originating from wild animals at the Wuhan market.\n\nAnd in two coordinated papers published in the journals Science and Nature this week, scientists have narrowed down the period of time in history that modern humans and neanderthals interbred, leading to nearly everyone outside of sub-Saharan Africa sharing up to 2% of European Neanderthal DNA today. The question remains as to whether it was a benefit or not to the resulting hybrid population. Co-author Manjusha Chintalapati and colleagues describe how not all the neanderthal crossovers went on to survive pre-history to count as our direct ancestors. But one period of time, around 47,000 years ago is stamped on (nearly) all of us.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Alex Mansfield\nProduction Coordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth and Josie Hardy\n\n(Image: Group of common murres on a breeding colony in Alaska. Credit: Sarah Schoen/USGS)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0kbm3p6.jpg","duration":{"value":2036,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-12-12T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science 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Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","label":"16 May 2024"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Aurora Bore-WOW-lis","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Aurora Bore-WOW-lis"},"synopses":{"short":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next?","medium":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next? We about the solar maximum and geomagnetic storms.","long":"They were the best northern and southern lights in decades, but why? And what’s next? We hear from astrophysicist Steph Yardley about the solar maximum, geomagnetic storms and atmospheric spectaculars.\n\nAlso, the impossible heatwave in the Philippines made possible by global warming – the analysis of a continent-spanning climate extreme by the World Weather Attribution collaboration.\n\nGetting close up to raging tornadoes in order to fill in the big gaps that remain in the science of their development.\n\nAnd the tale of the lizard’s tail, and how it could lead to safer buildings in the future. \n\n(Photo: The aurora borealis, also known as the 'northern lights’, are seen over The Roaches near Leek, Staffordshire, Britain, May 10, 2024. Credit: Carl Recine/Reuters)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Jonathan Blackwell"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0hygkfn.jpg","duration":{"value":1861,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2024-05-16T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},"playQueuePlayCount":0,"isPlayQueueEnded":false},"tracklist":{"tracks":[]}}; </script> <script 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