CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c70d8cde54a138',cH: 'QNjkKAJKbzmhBu6PAgx5EfRKCerHz1Qcm7lHYmg4irc-1741318632-1.2.1.1-usmqwmYUxvovm3HaQpOSax.Hn1yf33zBWR2zMmKAROd1h_EZ..e7L1cKc_BaUmFM',cUPMDTk: "\/10007180\/json?__cf_chl_tk=Q8A0bKJFsGhuNOTr2xT6wg2kMR1u0mpdDalcec.nZ8s-1741318632-1.0.1.1-hb1PpUESNBLzd8TO_XO80f4j1toMpLI.QjR3yOB1ufE",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741318632',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10007180\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=Q8A0bKJFsGhuNOTr2xT6wg2kMR1u0mpdDalcec.nZ8s-1741318632-1.0.1.1-hb1PpUESNBLzd8TO_XO80f4j1toMpLI.QjR3yOB1ufE",md: "_QgGMmWNkcbMtcAFuz7HExDK_RD1Pv9GJ_4FSpS_inA-1741318632-1.2.1.1-6CwZP4gnNhqx.2U9ykcDhq2ObBbS9s7.EJBIceIPCYqyTVNnP.gDuWoJE0vJgJ4XqhFHlcFtcqzymzMcJnA6YJoC7bR3ggTEKhzjh8IarGjCdpMb.pI6HPxd5.v0xoXDsA9YT2cbTabEr0iA.UKTWfHK2KwSG1Bnc9kfUuS5ODgC7sdVnSv_JLMeNUVepl4Q8v6TawmC37LWZ9HbppJwlIwPxbr.ebT9N6mveSydXhbIheespUQwUXduDdrtAZJQwg7ZDydGfcGCw_tuXL1X8fnRN1PnZo9o_ANt1iEySk51lzekiqeJrGDqA3VMUeukCaR4QP9YiqaNIOfgH8U2Q5H3mC4g1Doac.hB.d7tzYQ83o1_HZYJfVOxFo2h22RuYJM9NEBl_Pyg.Sya4_nIVMoGO.JNu.AXoj63KrxGqKuBzzrBnSNjIpO02uM1dn.UkECgJyUOHU.gMbT4gK79kYPYVHY7.1JlnIzj5TijNNzwOvkCeRVYxXQ8EsSW1lFNAQZkEC7a_BF5nd5SxhrC2qB9ToscIVPsGs8VKbxWEvI348q4wBD9xzmDK1xPg8qOipB6vpA37eEXD79GUN9JV1_Ntb5fAR9_KIDr6hbwnn2Vld0x1AryMjYT7OhE7vI0psC9EJpMAe.oWtXo2z8OeWtSrI5.gpTv2P4pSe4nm4OB2xdCgVBG6YyEYNWV8sIl.94DbMfR6MuypZB3i1Fo3Lz58QinHZbXnjU0C_I0BjL_2iwnr5x.rZfo2k45UZQ_HYjDuJMnL.rJskVFKTwT1AiHvfasDoRKpdMadncGf5BAmyTB7KYyz9SEUbsbD71HPuxROZcVbH_V5yBpZyf.HLpFIi0Uiq.8WdgOSM_9b1HGrvlnqrYBoYUEE0ljwLA4UgMfKIubUSfhtLuhA9KzRtC69MUjv_tXMgUXi0H6WvsmvnDtVc5hMa56fZfsd91YBZAsdo.FZObWMXVJ6L1EaLcIAgjlbXJ79US5wYS9OzAzCmHqoLLSf_WXm8zOWoWPIdebuIrXPy_X_CslPcyhCM5D50kYTMHT4EVCC7tncVRPtAvf64UY1cfATcXwT6_Mcn7lhVWBucO96E4pplKc1bGBYMnVPB4LThSF_YO4_uC.viVrPNYWdpedGUUKw8AClst2JI4QMmPVLUVp8tEdhLhQn9CGx6DyhQqaP6rhDHQMuEfYf9EUHCMRSRyIdLG0HyRKXoov3VSKzfc5zX6VrA",mdrd: "2U.aCe.OEOL6QpF30hHtpqXDkIQemEvvfelkWH30wiY-1741318632-1.2.1.1-Y2y4Ja8tB0z6sqHgltQZ7XXuLjyp5ljzTcZc6GNZ8Nnvfhp8PryfeP6lUgdtVCTrQAu46HclzFwkV3FwNqBCb9M3MeCQ4dDmOSJHUI14m1qWnv8W2oaKx5MHhOx9K5Q0oc4x0vzCl8hNvVJic7N_jx.jBbtaXqSyiqnUWR7I9LVPPohBIKTKnKmkhtwV7hEbTFWc508fd.ntrViY9kQRzJ3Do1k1yEp7jPMAdiU1E4iewos.FPtQYl0vC2IvYG9XYVQCtH82lbKqqLfVqGPYRol4kUMor6Dug.C.reANM4UZR5SiPufmOoJh5Ly3ojDOD2XBdJPOwGltXl9m2wV5WyfDAU7X3Z4t.IaO4UT5FHeGwXMfxG2wUt9W41nk1c6oZEehw9V5cefulbGKeOEpyYuSG9cuG8iPiCFUFA8pd9aG1mWrHAptpWxF_jAysKQV9IeDbC3hulzWn6rpJ6GlGAiTKw5muYnzGbKEZbPCEFf9f.Or7QCCXtrfQ7eBwE51UjEW9655a5jZnPNG.rwwAiNph83QxQQU9P550hLJjMT.9pDHPDyXH48ls_Q2QS6oA3DeXYHu7ocL4ITDk22tvhe5K5Zr28gyqi7rIFtnG6l_Dfy2DiAMdBv1f5r2D4jVRe4gcLRvrFqQ1zlTperQbvX3U9_TzpoLS3lBwt6KNMIxqCTu_W7EZbaP_.SsboGeveITim2.q.Y07jZh1B2OKNo7OSXwmIu4pAPOMHYnG14jexY6xTkia37JnfteCOdjoDjCxUVv.dt03gyb3zaIOnICYM1wFci93TbUgJtq2QTjsp8Y2w3B0Ap5XHtTMZlJryd4js_nWX0Nr6l1qC0Nzx9O3ePDam6Dthikun6LokEBRkgV1yf62iyirWaaj_.RwZu3HDA3VBNXcCxaR.nYKpPJX5tFOXYTZiyUTWSATXh4b52jLhVXhXLMBWPDo44sYJmDgQkUuo5d36HDRAimcTF_G6y2Xme.f23j7qxywu2O.lOnpE77n7tIuNJjYn53vH29fKF3pZEeN3CcTbZnIskd74OeZnGK1nvsIKydBBlwggEeslPhuu0f5PBw3qLmJV1QaRNrfcD130Jat87vmvtSzaJX_t2Be0OAABDFBAa1Kco_Rpc7GD6LZaAbSYCS9HbgxeN1zDUBI51fI0fcDFvYt3JKXyXReoyN_IxPnFprrxoWZFMpZSGWk1UUc6URrJxGty_JuttxykrWejsu5g_1sDVI0cqcvY9IQSr6z6P1l5RK3ipfvK6aV1ytTiaAIS4m6Ziz9.P_HRI5leNSmxS4fzxHISnmuKU1SJgLhLa7ARk7x3KgdQzNfQvwHzZG1X7vfhFDFceltl0xd26gSk.qVIKTBGJdOl3NL.cj1tlgKXyFcw4YnHci8TEB0hCtvexHfLcTpckTlwQQoqzKKzbZQhwKtIxb_mpHBVHB3zEDGIhq8uxJ2r0RgsfUJHz7uWw8.G_1YHTBXld4IdjvoYKQvcdggSud7SKu6m_OhDVGSKisjeZBlGtYQFTgHcH0XcVojrU9o0GN6BaQRfhH388aNZII3pZnIdExhQy__K7zSzKgRynj7ELil0UHqhRdQQXhlJH7_bbF_k8yx1CAYl.hrtkCmVaU1WNtE2cHkX1t8FVhowQHodx_Bagcq76qy3HYyK2tILRvnn8kH_B28YrnptB9ZL.E.4VjA.dG7TA_smeqXERQcG7tYClp1mjbCVXJ2.zwu54j8JcoY3kt94YH6dw54EN8jlVIgczktQ.qN1aY._4B4e0wMBfzCU8EG8Y3dP7Zgu6LIEt_JlTCUExruMa1rXhILI4UDFxw1aJvnXHpL5yJ4jN4JoGmF_kVKHRPnu3GfD1hFXuWIiqdajCC9NtzZONz5Tsi47Gs8fApOX49ML.Cv1uWmF7T9WGC3Ay3x986dhMwgSdYxkLxESGg126OtRi8DhrMYAWHnG8sfgZd3ttFwxJNxTN_yQYv"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c70d8cde54a138';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10007180\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Q8A0bKJFsGhuNOTr2xT6wg2kMR1u0mpdDalcec.nZ8s-1741318632-1.0.1.1-hb1PpUESNBLzd8TO_XO80f4j1toMpLI.QjR3yOB1ufE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>